Tidbits Grand Forks - August 13, 2015 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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TIDBITS® PRESENTS AN

Originally named Sextilis from the Latin, August was the sixth month in the old ten-month Roman calendar when March was the first month of the year. Around 700 BC, August became the eighth month when January and February were added before March. Let’s look at several events that occur this month.

• August 1 has been set aside as World Lung Cancer Day, a day to “celebrate, commemorate, and support” all those affected by lung cancer. While smoking is one of the main causes of this killer, about 14% of cases of lung cancer occur in non-smokers. Nonsmokers can be diagnosed as a result of carCarpet Cleaning cinogens found at their workplace, in the enServices, Inc. vironment, or in air pollution. Lung cancer is Carpet Cleaning • Carpet the leading cause of all cancer deaths, more Cleaning SPECIAL! deaths than from colon, breast, and prostate • Upholstery $99 cancers combined, accounting for more than Cleaning 3 Rooms & one-fourth of cancer deaths. Two out of three Hallway • Water of those diagnosed are 65 or older, while Not valid with any other offer. Extraction Expires 9-18-15 those younger than 45 account for just 2% of all cases. A man has about a 1 in 13 chance of developing lung cancer, while a woman’s chance is about 1 in 16. The American Can701-775-8500 Residential & Commercial cer Society estimates that close to 160,000 Americans will die from lung cancer this The Most Maneuverable year. Vacuum In the World Turn the page for more!

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Quiz Bits

6. What frontier showman was a Pony Express rider for a short time? 7. What was the name of Kathleen Kelly’s (Meg Ryan) bookstore in “You’ve Got Mail”? 8. Which Foreigner song was covered by Wynonna Judd, Mariah Carey and Gloria Gaynor? 9. What was the name of Pearl Jam’s 1991 debut album?

1. What is August’s birthstone? 2. What was the nickname for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima? 3. Where did the B-29 bomber “Enola Gay” get her name? 4. Elvis Presley died on August 16 of what year? 5. Name the two zodiac signs for the month of August.

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AUGUST ASSORTMENT (continued): • On August 7, 1782, in the midst of the American Revolutionary War, General George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, originated the Badge of Military Merit, a piece of purple silk shaped like a heart and edged with a narrow silver binding. The word “Merit” was stitched across the badge in silver thread. It was Washington’s intention for the badge to be given to soldiers who had demonstrated any “singularly meritorious action.” Awardees were allowed to pass guard posts without question. Only three soldiers received the silk purple heart during that war, and for the next 145 years, its significance was pretty much overlooked. In 1927, the U.S. Army Chief of Staff General Charles Summerall attempted to renew its existence, submitting a draft bill to Congress. It was unsuccessful. Five years later, his successor, General Douglas MacArthur renewed the quest, and on the 200th anniversary of George Washington’s birthday, February 22, 1932, the War Department created the “Order of the Purple Heart.” • The current award is still a purple heart-shaped medal, with Washington’s likeness and coat of arms in the center. It is bestowed upon those members of the U.S. Armed Forces who have been killed or wounded in action, as well as to those who have experienced maltreatment as prisoners of war. • August 1 is National Spumoni Day, set aside to honor an Italian confection. With origins in Naples, Italy, and brought to North America in the late 19th century, spumoni is a molded ice cream consisting of different flavors of ice cream layered with candied fruits and nuts. Traditionally, its layers are pink (cherry), green (pistachio), and brown (chocolate). When spumoni is served, it is always sliced, never scooped like regular ice cream. ...continued

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AUGUST ASSORTMENT (continued): • The U.S. Armed Forces owe many of their World War II victories to the Navajo Code Talkers, a group of Native Americans who devised a method of sending secret information along battle lines without the Japanese military understanding its meaning. Although the enemy troops could hear the messages they intercepted, the code in the Navajo language, which was spoken only in the American southwest, could not be broken. It remains the only spoken military code that was never cracked. Because the code talkers were not allowed to ever discuss their war efforts, it was many years before the world knew of their role in the Allied victory. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan proclaimed August 14 National Navajo Code Talkers Day in honor of their service. The last surviving member of the original 29 code talkers passed away in June, 2014. • We observe Watermelon Day on August 3, honoring the most-consumed melon in the U.S. (cantaloupe and honeydew rank #2 and #3, respectively.) With its origins in southern Africa, where it still grows wild today, the watermelon is relatives with the cucumber, pumpkin, and squash. Because watermelon is 92% water, there are only 46 calories in one cup. The early

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explorers used them as canteens. In just one month, a vine can spread 6 to 8 feet, and within two months, that vine can produce its first watermelon, which will be ready to harvest one more month after that. There are more than 300 different varieties of watermelon grown around the world. Florida and Texas lead the United States in production. The world’s heaviest watermelon was grown in Arkansas in 2005, with a weight of 268.8 lbs.

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AUGUST ASSORTMENT (continued): • National Scrabble Week is celebrated every August, and Scrabble tournaments are held around the world. This board game was the brainstorm of Alfred Mosher Butts, an unemployed New York City architect who combined dice and card games with letter games to create his new invention. His idea was rejected by the Patent Office twice, and he had difficulty finding a corporate sponsor for the game he called Lexico. He tried a name change to Criss-Cross Words with no better results. Butts was finally contacted by a New York investor named James Brunot, who added a new color scheme to the board as well as the 50-point bonus for using all seven tiles in one word. In the early 1950s, Brunot and a team of friends began manufacturing 12 games an hour in an old schoolhouse, hand-stamping the letters onto tiles made of Vermont maple. When the chairman of Macy’s discovered the game, he began stocking it at his department stores, and the game really took off. By 1954, 2,000 sets were being manufactured every week, and sales skyrocketed to nearly 4 million sets that year. Today, the game has been translated into 22 languages. • On August 6, 1945, the world’s first atom bomb was dropped by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, piloted by Lt. Col. Paul W. Tibbets. The target was the Japanese city of Hiroshima, which before the bombing, had 90,000 buildings. After the bombing, only 28,000 structures remained. Its blast was equal to 12,000 to 15,000 tons of dynamite and destroyed five square miles of the city. Three days later, the city of Nagasaki was bombed. Less than a week later, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied forces. These two bombings are the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare history. A man and his wife were enjoying an August afternoon at their beach resort. When he returned to the room to retrieve some beverages, the hotel maid was making the bed. He grabbed his cooler and on the way out, asked the maid, "Can we drink beer on the beach?" to which she replied, "Sure, but I have to finish the rest of the rooms first."

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NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:

SCOTT OLSON

Answer

Weekly SUDOKU

Answer

King CROSSWORD

Listed as one of TIME magazine’s Top 100 products of the 20th century, rollerblades were the brainstorm of Minnesotan Scott Olson. And he’s currently hard at work on a new concept, the Skyride. Let’s take a look at his story. • In 1980, Scott Olson was a 19-year-old Junior A pro hockey player trying to figure out an interesting way to train in the summer. After seeing a pair of inline skates in a catalog, he asked his local sporting goods dealer, Bloomington, Minnesota’s Athletic Outfitters, if any were in stock. The few pairs in the store had been sitting there for years with no sales. Olson bought them all, surprising the owner who said, “I’ve had those things for five years and you are the only one that ever bought them.” • Since he didn’t really like the design of the skates, Olson began experimenting with a pair in his parents’ Minneapolis basement, making the wheels softer and able to be attached to hockey skates. He pushed his product to hockey players and coaches directly, offering a money-back guarantee. With a patent in hand, he fashioned a better boot, and at age 23, formed the company known as Rollerblade, the first company to mass-produce inline skates. • Olson, who had no formal business training, hired his friends as employees, one of whom, his best friend and accountant, embezzled funds from him. Although Rollerblades were becoming popular worldwide in 1985, Olson was close to losing his company. He was approached by two investors who would keep the Rollerblade brand alive, along with giving Olson a small percentage in the business. • By 1988, annual sales were close to $10 million, and it was the fastest-growing sport in America. In the 1990s, sales peaked at nearly half a billion dollars annually.

• Because the sport was so popular along the sidewalks bordering the Pacific Ocean, Olson says, “A lot of people thought Rollerblades must’ve started in Southern California, but in reality, it started in Minneapolis, Minnesota, hockey capital of the world.” • With enough money to live comfortably, Olson was free to try his hand at a few new inventions on his 45-acre Minnesota farm. He devised the LunarBed, a bed enclosed in a clear plastic globe designed for sleeping under the stars, and Rowbike, a bicycle that is rowed rather than peddled. A giant-outdoor version of ping pong known as Kong Pong was another invention birthed at the farm. One of his more unusual inventions was a plastic penguin lawn ornament that waddles in the wind. • Olson’s biggest dream these days is a fitness device known as Skyride, sit-down, bicycle-style capsules suspended from a 12-foot-tall aboveground track. It’s a monorail system, on which the capsules can be pedaled or rowed. Featured on television’s Shark Tank, the invention is intended for tourist attractions, fitness clubs, and sports facilities. His next vision involves designing fitness equipment for those with disabilities. • Olson, known as “Olie the goalie” to his friends, raises donkeys and trumpeter swans in his free time.

by Samantha Weaver

• On Aug. 18, 1590, John White, the governor of the Roanoke Island colony in present-day North Carolina, returns from a trip to England to find the settlement deserted. No trace of the 100 colonists has ever been found. • On Aug. 23, 1784, four counties in North Carolina declare their independence as the state of Franklin. In defiance of Congress, Franklin survived as an independent nation for four years with its own constitution, Indian treaties and legislated system of barter. • On Aug. 22, 1950, the United States Lawn Tennis Association accepts Althea Gibson into its annual championship at Forest Hills, New York, making her the first black player to compete in a U.S. national tennis competition. • On Aug. 19, 1960, in the Soviet Union, downed U.S. reconnaissance aircraft pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to 10 years imprisonment for espionage. Eighteen months later, the Soviets agreed to exchange him for a KGB spy. • On Aug. 17, 1978, the Double Eagle II completes the first trans-Atlantic balloon flight when it lands near Paris, six days after lifting off from Presque Isle, Maine. The heliumfilled balloon covered 3,233 miles. • On Aug. 20, 1989, Lyle and Erik Menendez shoot their parents to death in family's California home. Although the brothers were not immediately suspected, Erik confessed his involvement to his psychotherapist, who taped the sessions to impress his mistress, who ended up going to the police. Lyle, 22, and Erik, 19, were arrested. • On Aug. 21, 1991, just three days after it began, a coup against Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev collapses. The Soviet Union would soon cease to exist as a nation and as a Cold War threat to the United States. Gorbachev resigned as leader of the Soviet Union in December 1991. © 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• It was noted 20th-century British dystopian author George Orwell who made the following sage observation: "The nationalist not only does not disapprove of atrocities committed by his own side, he has a remarkable capacity for not even hearing about them." • If you're like the average 75-year-old American man, you've spent a total of 37.5 days in the act of shaving. • According to the World Health Organization, the United States ranks 48th in the world in alcohol consumption per capita, with the average adult drinking the equivalent nearly 2.5 gallons of pure, undiluted alcohol per year. You might be surprised to learn that Russia didn't top the list; Moldova and Lithuania beat out the Russians, and Belarus scored the world's biggest drinkers, with the average adult consuming a whopping 4.6 gallons annually. • Actors Kevin Spacey and Val Kilmer were classmates in high school. • In a 2014 survey conducted by Nutrisystem, 32 percent of respondents said that they hadn't worn a bathing suit in public in the past five years, 20 percent said it had been 10 or more years, and 5 percent said they had never worn a swimsuit in public. • In ancient Egypt, there was a ban on the export of cats, which, by the law of supply and demand, increased the value of the pets in the rest of the known world. This situation was an irresistible invitation to smugglers, of course; once Phoenician sailors managed to surreptitiously bring some felines to buyers around the Mediterranean, breeders took over and ruined the business. • The vast nation of Canada got its name from the Iroquois word "Kanata," which means "village." *** Thought for the Day: "A book must be an axe for the frozen sea inside of us." - Franz Kafka © 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

(Answers located 2 pages after this one)

• Christmas lights aren’t just for Christmas these days. I see them hanging along the eaves of back porches and decorating the landscape to light up garden parties at dusk. Here’s a great idea for a hanging lantern, using lights I picked up at my local thrift shop: I basically piled strings of lights in the sections of a three-tier wire hanging basket, connected them together and plugged them in. They look magical. — JoAnn • When your bananas hit your desired level of ripeness, put them in the refrigerator. The skin will darken, but the inside will remain white, allowing you to wait a day or two to eat it. • Use pretty coffee mugs to plant some fresh herbs in your windowsill in the kitchen. — E.L. in Montana • One way to remove fuzz from between the keys of your keyboard is with a self-stick note. Peel off and run the sticky side of the note between the keys for a quick clean. • Love books? Remember that bookshelves need to be dusted regularly in order to keep books in good shape. They also need air to circulate, so be sure your shelves are not too crowded. • Great gifts and goodies for a nursing home resident: note cards with stamped envelopes, hand and face lotion, small blankets, news from home, large-print books, flowers in a pretty vase, a large clock with an easyto-read face, magazine subscriptions, puzzle books, shampoos and conditioners, photo books and perhaps most importantly, YOU. — M.W. in Florida Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803, or e-mail JoAnn at heresatip@yahoo.com. © 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

5 COMMON MYTHS ABOUT WEST NILE VIRUS Myth #1: There’s not much I can do about WNV.

Myth #4: Repellents containing DEET are not safe.

Truth: There is a lot that you, personally, can do to reduce your chance of getting West Nile virus infection. • Make it a habit to apply mosquito repellent with DEET when you’re spending time outdoors. This will reduce the number of mosquito bites you get. • Mosquitoes are usually most active from dusk to dawn. Pay close attention to protection during these hours, or avoid being outdoors if possible. • Reduce mosquito breeding habitat around your house. The species of mosquito most common for transmitting WNV generally stays close to the habitat that it hatched from. • Eliminate any standing water that remains longer than 7 days. Inspect your yard once a week: get rid of containers that aren’t being used, empty water from flower pots, change water in bird baths and maintain clean gutters.

Truth: Repellents containing DEET are very safe when used according to directions. • Because DEET is so widely used, a great deal of testing has been done. When manufacturers seek registration with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for products such as DEET, laboratory testing regarding both short-term and long-term health effects must be carried out. • There are products with different strengths (percentage of DEET) available. The longer the protection you need the higher percent of DEET needed. • Repellent with DEET can be used for both adults and children, according to directions.

Myth #5: As long as my area has a mosquito control program, I don’t have to worry about using repellent.

Myth #2: Kids are at the most danger of getting sick from West Nile Virus. Truth: People over 60 are at the highest risk for developing severe West Nile disease. • Relatively few children have been reported with severe West Nile Virus disease. By contrast, most of the deaths due to WNV were among people over 60 years old. • It is always a good idea for children to avoid mosquito bites, but it’s also important for adults - especially older adults - to take steps to avoid mosquito bites.

Myth #3: It’s only people who are already in poor health who have to worry about West Nile virus.

Truth: Healthy, active older adults who spend time working and exercising outdoors have been affected by severe West Nile virus infection. • Being over 60 is a risk factor for developing severe West Nile disease if infected with the virus. There is a risk of getting mosquito bites while leading an active life outdoors. This doesn’t mean you have to stay inside - it does mean that it’s important to use repellent when you go outside.

Truth: Mosquito control activities don’t eliminate every mosquito, so personal protection is still important. • Grand Forks Health Department maintains a proactive mosquito control program designed to reduce mosquito populations and mosquito-borne diseases. However, this program cannot eliminate all mosquitoes. Personal protection, such as using repellent, keeping window screens in good condition, and control of household breeding sites are important steps for the public.

• Grand Forks currently has a very low population of nuisance mosquitoes. This gives a false impression about the risk of WNV. Even though there are very few mosquitoes in our community, the risk of WNV is still elevated. Please take the necessary precautions to avoid mosquito bites.

If you have any questions or concerns relating to mosquito control visit our website at www.gfmosquito.com

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THE PONY EXPRESS

August 30 is the day set aside to celebrate Pony Express Day, honoring the mail service between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramaneto, California, in the 1860s. Let’s learn more about this shortlived enterprise in America’s history. • The Pony Express Company was the idea of three owners of a freight business, who proposed a faster method of transporting mail between St. Joseph and the California Gold Country, a journey of roughly 1,800 miles. Although critics said it was impossible, William Russell, William Waddell, and Alexander Majors claimed that the mail could be moved across the distance in just 10 days. • The men acquired more than 400 horses for their operation and set up a series of 157 relay stations along the route about 10 to 15 miles apart. This was the distance that a horse could gallop at top speed before tiring. Riders changed to a fresh horse at each relay station. Home stations were also constructed about 90 to 120 miles apart, where the riders were switched out and allowed to rest. • About 120 riders were hired, each weighing less than 125 lbs. A rider rode between 75 and 100 milels, whether day or night, rain or shine, before being switched out. His salary was $100 a month, which compared in its time to 43 cents to a dollar a day for unskilled labor. • The initial postage rate for the Pony Express was $5 per ½ ounce. It was later lowered to $2.50, then dropped to its lowest in July, 1861, of $1. The rider’s pouch could hold 20 lbs. of mail. In addition, his saddle bag contained a water sack, a Bible, a horn to alert the relay station of his arrival in order to have a fresh horse ready, and a revolver. The requirement was to have no more than 165 lbs. on the horse’s back.

(Solution on Next Page)

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Sports Answers 1. 1981 by Steve 4. Four: 1952, 2002, 2010 Balboni. and 2014. 2. Tim Tebow, & Chris Leak. 5. Tony Meola, with seven. 3. Annika Sorenstam and Lydia 6. Barry Foster, 1,690 yards Ko with 29 rounds each. in 1992.

THE PONY EXPRESS (continued): • In April, 1860, the Pony Express made its inaugural run, with a rider leaving St. Joseph at the same time one left Sacramento. The Answer: Dell. westbound rider made the journey in 10 days, LARGE NUMBER beating A theVERY eastbound rider’s arrival in St. Jo• seph Edward Kasner was a mathematician. Incould 1938 by two days, proving that the route he was asked to come up with a name for a be covered in 10 days. very large number: the numeral one, followed • At one time, there 80young Pony by any a hundred zeros. He were askedabout his two Express along they the trail traveling nephewsriders what name would suggest.east or west, with an average speed of 10 • Nine-year-old Milton suggestedmph. a name outMay, of the funnies. A cartoon stripWar character • In 1860, the Paiute Indian broke named Barney was very popular. Milton chose out, resulting in an interruption of mail deBarney’s last name for the number. livery. Several Pony Express stations were at• tacked Kasnerby announced name for the big the tribe, the withnew 16 employees killed number his next book, altering thethe spelling. and 150 in horses stolen. The war cost Comin addition the loss of • pany Sixty about years $75,000 later, Larry Page andtoSergey Brin developed a new internet search engine. Other life. search engines searched each webpage and • During its 18according months oftooperation, Ponya ranked them how manythe times Express delivered about 35,000 letters bespecific term appeared on them, but Page and tween Missouri andsearch California. owners Brin designed their engine The to search for hoped to obtain a mail delivery contract from the specific term and then find out how many linksU.S. there were that led to that page, the Government, but back it never materialwhichWhen resultedthe in afirst better search engine. teleized. transcontinental was instituted in October, • graph They line decided they needed a name1861, that reflected manyExpress websites the days ofhow the Pony werethe over.search Durengine They$90,000 took the ing that was time,searching. it had grossed andname lost of Edward Kasner’s very large number, only $200,000. Its assets were later sold to Wells they misspelled it slightly, so it ended up being Fargo for $1.5 million. spelled exactly the same way the cartoon • There have been nine movies made about the character Barney spelled his last name. What’s company, with theatfirst a silent film in 1925, it called? (Answer bottom of page) followed by Frontier Pony Express, starring COMPUTER FACTS Rogers 1939.said, A popular television se• Roy In 1981 BillinGates “640 kb of memory ries, The Young Riders, ran from 1989-1992, ought to be enough for anybody.” starring Stephen Baldwin and Josh Brolin. • Moore’s Law states that computer performance doubles every 18 to 24 months, and ever since 1971, this has been true. • HP, Google, Microsoft, and Apple were all started in garages. Answer: Google, from googol.

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