Tidbits Grand Forks - July 23, 2015 by Tidbits of Grand Forks - East Grand Forks

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The

The very first candy bar was manufactured in Nashville, Tennessee in 1912 when a combination of caramel, marshmallow, peanuts, and milk chocolate was cooked in a copper kettle by Howell Campbell at the Standard Candy Co. The result was packaged up and named the Goo Goo Cluster, named for the first words out of the mouth of the inventor’s new baby. Come along with Tidbits as we eat candy! IN THE BEGINNING • The story goes that a little old lady in the French town of Montelimar used to make up a treat from honey, sugar, nuts, fruits, and eggs to give to all her friends. The friends would say, “Tu nous gates” which is French for “You spoil us!” From this we get our word (and our filling) called nougat. • “Fudge” used to be nothing but a swear word. It’s said that a Philadelphia candy maker was trying to make a better chewy caramel but goofed it up. Instead he got a crystallized nonchewy substance that wasn’t at all what he was trying to make. “Oh, fudge!” he shouted out, and thus fudge was (supposedly) born. • In Chicago a confectioner was trying to make a better butterscotch by adding more milk to improve the flavor, but he ended up changing the butterscotch so much that it wasn’t recognizable as butterscotch any longer. He had invented milk caramel. Turn the page for more!

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Quiz Bits 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. What Italian phrase means “all fruits.” 6. Residents of what country Americans eat about 4 billion consume the most chocolate pounds of candy annually. What per capita? percentage of that is chocolate? 7. 25% of all candy bought in the What type of candy is the best U.S. is purchased right before at promoting cavities? which holiday? What is the top selling candy 8. On Average, how many M&Ms bar, not only in the U.S., but also are found in a 1.69 oz. package the world? of M&Ms? How many calories are in a TRIVIA Hershey’s kiss?

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ORIGINS OF CANDY (continued): • In 1890 a woman in New England was making peanut-flavored taffy. However, she accidentally used baking soda in the recipe instead of the cream of tartar which was called for. Her mistake resulted in the invention of peanut brittle. • In the mid-1920s, something that was “red hot” was new, up-to-date, and popular. A new candy that the manufacturers hoped would be considered up-to-date and popular was called Red Hots for that reason, not because of the flavor, which is cinnamon. • NECCO Wafers get their name from the initials of the company that manufactures them: the New England Confectionery Company. • Dum Dum lollipops got their name from a type of bullet called the dum dum that was used in World War I. They have the same shape. • In 1896 Leo Hirschfield named his new candy product after his six-year-old daughter Clara, who was nicknamed Tootsie: the Tootsie Roll. The Tootsie Roll was the first penny candy that was individually wrapped. • George Smith owned the first sucker-manufacturing machine which opened for business in New Haven, Colorado in 1908. Lolly Pop was the name of a popular racehorse of the day, so he named his new confection the lollipop. • Otto Schnering, inventor of the Baby Ruth candy bar, once promoted the product by hiring a chartered airplane to do a massive Baby Ruth candy bar drop over the city of Pittsburgh, PA in 1923. The ploy worked, and sales took off. • M & M's stand for Frank Mars, founder of Mars Candy, and Bob Murrie, the president of Mars Candy. ...continued

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1421 S. Washington St. • Grand Forks 3. When was the last time before 2014 that the Baltimore Orioles won the 1. Entering 2015, the UniverAmerican League East? sity of Alabama’s football 4. team has been ranked No. 1 Who was the last Oakland A’s player to have 100in the Associated Press poll plus RBIs in a season? at least one week for how 5. In the 2014 Super Bowl, many consecutive seasons? Seattle’s Malcolm Smith 2. The University of Minnebecame the third linebacksota has won three of the er to be named MVP of past four NCAA women’s a Super Bowl. Who were hockey championships the other two? (2012-15). Who won the 6. Where were the 2012 other title during that time? Summer Olympics held?

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CANDY (continued): • In Alexandre Dumas’ best selling book "The Three Musketeers," the three heroes Athos, Porthos, and Aramis pal around together having adventures. In 1932 Frank Mars, maker of the Snickers bar, invented a new candy bar in honor of the novel. The candy bar was actually three bars in one: vanilla nougat, chocolate nougat, and strawberry nougat. By the 1940s the 3 Musketeers bar was all chocolate nougat. • In the 1950s quiz shows were all the rage. One show, an early forerunner of “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire,” was called “The Big Surprise.” Mike Wallace (of “60 Minutes” fame) was the emcee and contestants were asked ten questions to win prizes increasing in value from $100 to $100,000. The show aired for the first time in 1957 and was very popular, inspiring Nestlé to come out with the $100,000 Bar. • At the Williamson Candy Co. in Chicago, a young man named Henry came by every day to watch the young ladies make candy. They would talk and flirt and before long, Henry began helping them out with small tasks and errands whenever he came by. “Oh, Henry, would you please...” “Oh, Henry will you…” When a new nut roll was added to the product line, company owner Mr. Williamson asked his workers what they wanted to name it. “Every day all we hear is, ‘Oh Henry this’ and ‘Oh Henry that’ so why not call it the Oh Henry bar?” and so it was. • James Welch, manufacturer of the Sugar Daddy caramel sucker, went to see the Broadway production of a play called “Junior Miss.” The play was very popular and later became a radio show starring Shirley Temple. James Welch liked the play a lot and couldn’t get the name “Junior Miss” out of his head. A few years later when he came up with a new type of candy, he decided to name it Junior Mints. ...continued

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FULL MOON PIE • The Mountain City Flour Mill in Chattanooga, Tennessee produced a lot of flour- so much so that they set up the Chattanooga Bakery whose purpose was to find new ways to use up excess flour. By 1910 the bakery had a product line of over 200 confections. In 1917 a bakery manager named Earl Mitchell was trying to think up new ideas for better products when he had a chat with some local miners. The miners said they wanted something to put in their lunch pails that was sweet, solid, filling, and big. “How big?” said Mitchell. About that time the moon was rising, so one of the miners held up his hands to frame the full moon and said, “About that big!” Thus, the MoonPie was born. The combination of cookie, marshmallow, and chocolate was so popular that by the 1950s the bakery stopped producing anything else but the MoonPie.

MYSTERY OF WINT-O-GREEN • If you go into a completely dark room, let your can this eyes adjust, then bite or smash a Wint-O-Green can this Life Saver, faint blue sparks can be seen. Why? Did you ever watch a car drag a metal object GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTER along pavement? Ever see someone sharpenSign up today for this ongoing study online at http://ars.usda.gov/pa/gfhnrc ing a knife on a grinding stone? Ever brush *USDA is an equal Call 701-795-8396 or 1-800-562-4032 or opportunity provider your hair or pet the cat on a dry night in the and employer. scan the QR Code with your smart-phone darkness? Sparks. There are always sparks. If you energize an atom with heat or electricity or friction, that atom will give off light. A Wint-OGreen Life Saver is flavored with an oily chemical called methyl salicylate. When you bite on the Life Saver, you fracture sugar crystals and the energy is imparted to the methyl salicylate, which incandesces as a result. It doesn’t happen when you suck on the Life Saver because that does not impart any forceful kind of energy to the candy. It doesn’t happen with other flavors because methyl salicylate fluoresces easily and other flavoring agents don’t. P.O. Box 12861 • Grand Forks, ND 58208-2861 • (701) 772-8239 Cell: (701) 740-0968 • E-Mail: wickpub@yahoo.com

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• Next he moved to New York City and tried to open a successful caramel factory, only to fail once again. So he returned to his family home in Pennsylvania and tried one more time to open a successful candy store. • This time, he won a large contract with a European firm, and the money generated by this single order was enough to get him started down the road to success. Soon, the Lancaster Caramel Company was employing over 1,400 people, shipping candy worldwide, and turning Milton Hershey into one of the town's leading citizens. • Visiting the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, Milton was fascinated by the exhibit set up by a German chocolate company which demonstrated the latest technology in automated chocolate manufacturing. When the Expo ended, Milton bought the machinery and shipped it back to Pennsylvania, convinced he could add chocolate to his already successful caramel business. It soon became apparent to him that the demand for chocolate outstripped the demand for caramel. • Surrounded by the dairylands of Pennsylvania, he started doing his own experiments with milk chocolate. The production of milk chocolate had long been a closely guarded trade secret held by the Swiss. But through sheer trial and error, Milton Hershey figured out the formula.

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Answer

• When his apprenticeship ended, he set up his own candy shop in Philadelphia, but it failed. He moved to Denver where he learned the art of making caramel from a Colorado dairyman.

Weekly SUDOKU

• When Milton Hershey’s mother apprenticed him to a printer in 1871, it didn’t take him long to discover that he hated printing. Instead, he ended up apprenticed to a confectioner, where he spent four years learning the art of making candy.

• By the turn of the century, the business was so successful that he built a new factory near the town of Derry Township, Pennsylvania, where he had been born. He then proceeded to build a town around the factory. The town was later re-named for him: Hershey, Pennsylvania. • The town he built to house his workers was a model community, designed not to exploit people (as other company towns did) but to provide for their welfare. There were schools, lecture halls, an amusement park, gardens, churches, and a trolley system. • In 1900, he sold his caramel company for the princely sum of $1 million (worth $27 million in today's dollars) and began to focus exclusively on producing chocolate. • Thanks to the Hershey bar (invented in 1900) and the Hershey Kiss (invented in 1907), chocolate went from being a treat reserved for the rich to a delight everyone could afford. • In 1912, Milton Hershey and his wife had tickets to travel on the Titanic. They canceled their reservations at the last minute due to business matters which required Hershey's attention. The check he wrote to reserve a first-class stateroom on the Titanic is in the archives of The Hershey museum. • Hershey supplied soldiers with chocolate bars during World War II. The chocolate was formulated to taste a little bad to prevent troops from getting cravings for them, and it had to withstand high temperatures without melting. In 1939, the Hershey plant was capable of producing 100,000 ration bars a day. By the end of the war, the entire Hershey plant was producing ration bars at a rate of 24 million a week. • The company Milton Hershey set up continued to flourish even after his death in 1945 at the age of 88. Today Milton Hershey's firm is the largest chocolate company in North America.

Answer

MILTON HERSHEY

King CROSSWORD

NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:

by Samantha Weaver

• On July 31, 1916, future racing legend Louise Smith is born in Barnesville, Georgia. In the mid-1940s, racing promoter Bill France was looking for a female driver as a way to attract spectators and recruited Smith, who was famous for outrunning law enforcement on the local roads. • On Aug. 2, 1923, President Warren G. Harding dies of a stroke. Harding, 58, was returning from a presidential tour, a journey some believed he had embarked on to escape corruption rumors circulating in Washington. • On July 30, 1945, the USS Indianapolis is torpedoed by a Japanese submarine in the Pacific and sinks within minutes in shark-infested waters. Of the 1,196 men on board, an estimated 900 made it into the water and just 317 survived to be rescued four days later. • On July 29, 1958, Congress passes legislation establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA was created in response to the Soviet Union's launch of the first satellite, Sputnik I. • On Aug. 1, 1961, the amusement park Six Flags Over Texas opens. The park was the first to feature a log flume and a 360-degree looping roller coaster. A day at Six Flags cost $2.75 for an adult. • On July 28, 1978, "National Lampoon's Animal House," a movie spoof about 1960s college fraternities, starring John Belushi, opens in U.S. theaters. "Animal House" became a box-office hit and part of pop-culture history. • On July 27, 1981, Adam John Walsh, age 6, is abducted from a mall in Hollywood, Florida, and later found murdered. In the aftermath of the crime, Adam's father, John Walsh, became a leading victims-rights activist and host of the long-running TV show "America's Most Wanted." © 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

• It was ancient Chinese military strategist and philosopher Sun Tzu who made the following sage observation: "Opportunities multiply as they are seized." • It's been reported that putting earmuffs on a homing pigeon will keep it from wandering off. Tiny earmuffs, I imagine. • Have you ever heard of pink turtle-head, creeping Charley, scarlet monkey, lady's ear drops, painted tongue, false dragonhead or the beefsteak plant? If you're a horticulturist you may have; they're all names of flowers. • The ferret, a domesticated relative of the weasel, gets its name from the Latin word for "little thief." • If you're a fan of the classic film "Casablanca," you know that actors Claude Rains and Sydney Greenstreet portrayed the characters Renault and Ferrari. You might not be aware, however, that those characters' names also are the names of two leading European auto manufacturers. • Until 1928, women who wanted to swim at the beach in Atlantic City were required to wear stockings. • Noted American composer and conductor John Phillip Sousa started out as an apprentice in the U.S. Marine Corps band at the tender age of 13. • Those who study such things say that among all prison inmates convicted of violent crimes, murderers are the ones least likely to have tattoos. • It caused a bit of a scandal in the art world when a papercutting of a sailboat by famed French artist Henri Matisse hung upside-down in New York's Museum of Modern Art for more than a month. It seems that in the artwork, the water's reflection of the boat was mistaken for the boat itself, causing the mishap. • When the tide changes in San Francisco Bay, fully one-sixth of the water is moved in or out. *** Thought for the Day: "When the mind is full of lust, the heart is full of lies." -- Scottish proverb © 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

(Answers located 2 pages after this one)

• I have stained coffee cups. My hands have arthritis, and it’s hard to wash them by hand. A young woman at church suggested I purchase a small bottle of dishwasher soap, even though I don’t have a dishwasher. I squirt a little in the cup and add hot water. It sits while I wash up the other dishes, and then swishes right out. The stains are gone. — T.T. in Missouri • Check your area to see if vocational schools offer low-cost or free auto repairs. Sometimes you can have work done for the cost of parts so that students can be trained on your issue. — R.E. in North Carolina • For the summer, I fill a gym-size duffel bag with “spontaneity supplies” and keep it in the trunk of my car. It includes swimsuits for all family members, a blanket and cups, plates and silverware for a picnic. Now if we find we have some unexpected free time, we can go to the beach or pool, or have a picnic by just picking up some sandwich supplies from the closest grocery store! — A Reader, via e-mail • You can use a clean paper milk carton to pour batter for pancakes. The spout makes it easy to pour and reduces splatter. • I got tired of always looking for the dustpan, and so I put a magnet on the back of it. It sticks right on the side of the fridge, right next to the broom. — L.M. in Kentucky • Avoid eye strain by making sure your computer monitor is in the correct position. It should be placed directly in front of you, at least an arm’s length away. If you have trouble seeing the screen, adjust the resolution to make the screen items bigger. Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, c/o King Features Weekly Service, P.O. Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475. © 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

West Nile Virus in Local Mosquitoes!!!

Mosquito Surveillance - Why Trap Mosquitoes?

Grand Forks Health Department has identified West Nile virus (WNV) in local mosquitoes. WNV is a serious disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes. Most people infected with this disease will have no symptoms or mild symptoms but this is a serious disease and can be fatal. The Grand Forks Public Health Department urges citizens to take personal precautions to avoid mosquito bites. The type of mosquito most common for transmitting WNV is present in our area and is most active from dusk until dawn. Please take the necessary measures to avoid mosquito bites.

The Grand Forks Health Department maintains an active mosquito surveillance program. The more we know about mosquitoes, the better equipped we are to control them. Our surveillance program is responsible for collecting, identifying, and conducting West Nile virus tests on mosquitoes. Traps are distributed throughout the community and the Information gained from these traps include: Mosquito Population – Knowing the population helps us determine if it’s necessary to conduct citywide mosquito spraying. This information also enables us to measure the effectiveness of the mosquito spraying operations.

How do people get infected with WNV? Most people get infected with WNV by an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds. Infected mosquitoes can then spread the virus to humans and other animals. In a very small number of cases, West Nile virus has been spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.

Can I get West Nile virus directly from birds? There is no evidence that a person can get infected from handling live or dead infected birds. However, you should avoid bare-handed contact when handling any dead animal. If you must pick up a dead bird, use gloves or an inverted plastic bag to place the bird’s carcass (body) in a garbage bag.

Why do some states and local areas stop collecting dead birds to test for West Nile virus? West Nile virus is found in all 48 contiguous states (not in Alaska and Hawaii) and the virus circulates in mosquitoes and birds every year. Because West Nile virus is well established, some states and local jurisdictions are no longer collecting dead birds for testing. Instead, they have chosen to shift staff and funding resources away from testing of dead birds to other areas of West Nile virus surveillance and control.

Who is at risk for serious illness if infected with WNV? Serious illness can occur in people of any age. However, people over 60 years of age are at the greatest risk for severe disease. People with certain medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and people who have received organ transplants, are also at greater risk for serious illness.

Species of Mosquitoes – There’s around 43 different species of mosquitoes in North Dakota. Some of these mosquitoes are just annoying pests, but one of them, the Culex tarsalis, is the most common mosquito for transmitting West Nile virus in North Dakota. This mosquito is prevalent in the Grand Forks region. Monitoring and testing the Culex tarsalis mosquito is important because it may enable us to respond to an elevated threat of West Nile virus before it infects the human population. This component of mosquito control is very important in reducing the risk of mosquito-borne disease in our community. Mosquito Activity – Knowing what times the mosquitoes are active is important for getting the best results from our spray operation. We use ultra-low volume sprayers that deliver very small droplets and only 1 ounce of a diluted, non-residual insecticide per acre. Because we’re using such a small amount of insecticide, timing is critical to be successful. This insecticide must directly impact mosquitoes, generally while in flight to be effective. Rotator traps are used to monitor the times the mosquitoes are most active. Gender Identification – Knowing the sex of the mosquito can be helpful in predicting a new hatch. Male mosquitoes hatch out before females. Therefore, if we see a spike in the number of male mosquitoes collected in our traps, we know there’s the potential for an increase of females soon to follow. That data is helpful in preparing us for a citywide spray. It’s a short warning to get ready. Traps used in mosquito surveillance programs are not successful in reducing mosquito populations. They are simply a surveillance tool used to collect data about the mosquitoes in our community.

For information about West Nile Virus and the Grand Forks mosquito control program visit our website at www.gfmosquito.com

CHOCOLATE: QUIZ

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• Henri was born in 1814 in Germany. His last name was a German word meaning ‘a small bird nest.’ As a young man he moved to Switzerland where he worked in a pharmacy doing chemical experiments. • He became preoccupied with the high infant mortality rate. When new mothers were unable to nurse, their babies often died. What the world needed was an emergency substitute for mother’s milk. • After much experimentation, Henri developed a mixture of cow’s milk, flour, sugar, and malt that could be sold in powdered form and reconstituted with the addition of water. By 1867 his baby formula was marketed worldwide. • Next door to Henri’s baby formula factory, Daniel Peter owned a candle factory. The use of oil lamps was making candles obsolete, and Daniel knew he had to diversify, so he decided to go into the chocolate business. He needed a way to make his product stand out. • Being next door to Henri’s factory caused him to wonder if there wasn’t a way to combine milk with chocolate. After eight years, he figured out the formula for milk chocolate, and formed it into the world’s first chocolate bars. • The result was so successful that Henri’s baby formula company bought out Daniel’s milk chocolate company. In 1874 Henri sold his company for a million francs and retired, but the firm he founded went on to become the world’s largest food and beverage company, employing a quarter million people and buying ten percent of the world’s cocoa beans. The firm is named after Henri’s last name. What is it? (Answer at top of next page) FACT • In Hershey, Pennsylvania, the streetlights along "Chocolate Avenue" are in the shape of Hershey Kisses.

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Quiz Answers

6. The Swiss 1. 71% 2. Dark choco(about 20 lbs. late or fudge per person 3. Snickers per year) 7. Halloween 4. 25 calories 5. “Tutti Frutti” 8. 55 M&Ms

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Answer: Nestlé. CHOCOLATE (cont'd) • Dark chocolate is healthier than white chocolate or milk chocolate because it's less proAnswer: Dell. cessed, meaning it has more antioxidant flavonoids inAit,VERY as wellLARGE as less NUMBER sugar and fat. • Edward Kasner was a mathematician. 1938to • Chocolate contains caffeine, but you'dInhave he was asked to come up with a name for a eat 14 chocolate bars to equal the amount of very large number: the numeral one, followed caffeine in a single coffee. by a hundred zeros.cup Heofasked his two young • White chocolate is white because it has cocoa nephews what name they would suggest. butter but no cocoa solids. • Nine-year-old Milton suggested a name out of the funnies. A cartoon strip 12 character • The average America eats about lbs. of named Barney was very popular. Milton chose chocolate annually. Barney’s last name for the number. • Add a tablespoon of espresso powder to choco• late Kasner announced the new name for the big baked goods to spike up the chocolatey flanumber in his next book, altering the spelling. vor. • Sixty years later, Larry Page and Sergey Brin • Baking chocolate is bitter because it has no developed a new internet search engine. Other sugar searchadded. engines searched each webpage and • About people eattothe earsmany off oftimes a chocranked75% themofaccording how a specific termbunny appeared olate Easter first.on them, but Page and Brin designed their search to search for • Chocolate contains cocoa engine and cocoa contains the specific term and then find out how many the compound theobromine. Theobromine is links there were that led back to that page, toxic dogs and at engine. certain doses. whichtoresulted in a other betterpets search The most dangerous kinds are dark chocolate, • cocoa They bean decided theymulch, neededanda unsweetened name that garden reflected how many websites the search baking chocolate. engine was searching. They took the name • American manufacturers use about of Edwardchocolate Kasner’s very large number, only 1.5 pounds of milkso annually, theybillion misspelled it slightly, it ended surpassed up being spelled exactly way industries. the cartoon only by the cheesetheandsame ice cream character Barney spelled name. What’s • Chocolate syrup was usedhisaslast fake blood in the it called? (Answer at bottom of page) famous shower scene in Alfred Hitchcock's COMPUTER FACTS movie "Psycho." The film was in black and • white. In 1981 Bill Gates said, “640 kb of memory ought to be enough for anybody.” • German chocolate cake did not originate in • Germany. Moore’s Law computer performance In states 1852,that Sam German developed doubles every 18 to 24 months, and ever since a sweet baking bar for Baker's Chocolate Co. 1971, this has been true. The product was named in honor of him: Bak• er's HP,German's Google, Sweet Microsoft, and Apple were all Chocolate. started in garages. • Hawaii is the only U.S. state that grows cacao Answer: Google, from to googol. beans commercially produce chocolate.

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