Tidbits of Grand Forks - November 4, 2021

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Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks November 4, 2021

Published by: Wick Publications

Here for you when you need us.

David Kent 2534 17th Ave. S. Grand Forks

218-779-5458 dkent@nodakins.net

701-740-0968

Issue # 1,244

Chad@TidbitsGF.com

TIDBITS PLANTS ®

SEEDS

by Janet Spencer

• Seeds are important for many reasons. They provide myriad sources of food (wheat, rice, corn, beans, nuts) as well as oils for cooking and lubrication (soybean, coconut, sesame, safflower, sunflower). Many spices come from seeds (pepper, dill, mustard, vanilla, nutmeg).

Other seeds provide stimulants (coffee, kola, cocoa). Many essential oils are distilled from seeds.

• The most important seeds in the world in terms of providing edible oils are (in order): soybean, sunflower, canola, and peanut. Peanuts are not actually nuts but are legume seeds.

• A turnip seed which is only slightly bigger than the period at the end of this sentence produces a plant that has a bulb the size of a softball, and leaves that are as big as boat paddles.

• A typical mature tobacco plant weighs 20 million times more than it did as a seed.

• The tallest redwood tree ever found was 367 feet which is 62 feet taller than the Statue of Liberty. A man standing next to a redwood is proportionately equal to an ant standing next to a fishing pole 13 feet long. Redwood needles are only 1/4 inch to 1 inch long, and the cones are only an inch long. It takes 6,000 seeds to weigh one ounce Turn the page for more!

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Donate Blood in November and receive a coupon for a FREE Slice of Pumpkin Pie

from Perkins on Columbia Road In-House Only • While Quantities Last

Call or e-mail for appointment:

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SoundDecisionND.com | 701-738-0713 | 1923 DeMers Ave, Grand Forks

Quiz Bits

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. How old is an oak tree before it starts growing acorns?

7. Which amendment to the U.S. Do bananas have seeds?

Constitution guaranteed the How many seeds on a right to vote regardless of race? typical dandelion?

8.

How many tablespoons are in The seeds of apples, peaches, a 1/4 cup? plums, apricots, cherries, and 9.

Name the capital of Illinois. almonds are high in what poi10. What is the name of the alsonous compounds? ternate dimension in Netflix’s What percent of a sunflower original series seed is composed of oil?

“Stranger Things”?

How many seeds does a typical strawberry have?

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• Even if a seed is planted upside down, it always grows right-side up. The roots of the seedling grow down towards gravity, while the stem grows toward light. Researchers studied plants on the International Space Station to see how plant roots developed in weightlessness. In the absence of gravity, the seed just picked a direction that was “down” and sent the roots out, while the stem grew in the opposite direction. No gravity required.

• All seeds need moisture, oxygen, the proper soil, and the right temperature to germinate. Until they have these conditions, the seed remains dormant.

Sometimes seeds can remain dormant for ages before successfully sprouting. In 1967, seeds of the arctic tundra lupine (Lupinus arcticus) found in a frozen lemming burrow with animal remains that were at least 10,000 years old germinated within 48 hours when given favorable growing conditions.

• Seeds have built-in protections against being eaten by animals before they are ready. The unripened fruits are high in acids and tannins, causing the green fruit to be bitter or poisonous. Some fruits are so firmly attached to the mother plant when unripe that they cannot be dislodged. Others have hard shells that are not discarded until the fruit is ripe.

• Seeds are not the only means of reproduction.

Some plants create offshoots of themselves in the form of bulbs, tubers, corms, or rhizomes that can grow into new plants. This type of reproduction is called vegetative reproduction. Because only one parent plant is needed, the offspring is a clone of its parent. What’s the difference between bulbs, tubers, corms, and rhizomes? Bulbs consist of modified leaves that grow underground (onion); corms are swollen stem bases (crocus); tubers are thick underground stems (potato); and rhizomes are swollen stems that grow horizontally (ginger).

FINANCING AVAILABLE

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AMAZING SEEDS (cont):

Dr. Marshal Pederson, D.C.

...continued

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4. Before becoming the Toronto Maple Leafs, what name did the NHL team 1. Which former NBA star have from 1919-27? was named head coach of the Chinese Basketball As- 5. Who did John McEnroe defeat in the final to sociation’s Beijing Royal win his first Wimbledon Fighters in June 2019? singles title in 1981?

2. Friar Dom is the mascot 6. What golfer replaced for what college team’s Tiger Woods at the top of athletic programs? the Official World Golf 3. How many times has the Rankings in 2004?

Penn State Nittany Lions 7. How many World Series men’s ice hockey team were played at the Twins’ reached the NCAA Metropolitan Stadium?

National Tournament?

For immediate disposal haul your leaves to your nearest compost site through November 15th or Rake them loosely to your berm -NO BAGS. We will attempt to make 2 complete passes through town, weather permitting.

DO NOT mix grass clippings, branches, brush & garden waste.

Keep piles away from parked cars, fences & trees, & out of gutters.

SPORTS QUIZ

Public Works

For More Information go to: www.grandforksgov.com or call 311

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• In South Africa, a desert melon (Cucumis humifructus) participates in a symbiotic relationship with aardvarks. The aardvarks eat the fruit. Later they bury their own dung, which contains the seeds, near their burrows, thus sprouting a whole new crop.

• Certain Amazon River fishes are attracted to the audible “explosions” of the ripe fruits of the tree Eperua rubiginosa. The fruit falls into the water where the fish eat it and poop out the seeds which are carried downstream.

• In the tropics, dispersal by large bats such as flying foxes is important. Fruits adapted to these animals are relatively large and drab in color, with big seeds and a unique odor. Because they usually hang down from the branches, they are easily accessible to bats. The bats eat the fruit, fly away, and poop out the seeds. Mangoes, guavas, breadfruit, carob, and several fig species are dispersed by bats in this manner.

• A bird called the European mistle thrush deposits the seeds of European mistletoe when, after eating the berries, it cleans off its beak by scraping it against branches of other plants. A few seeds remain stuck on the bird’s bill until being deposited in the bark of another tree in this manner.

• There’s a variety of plants commonly called trample burrs which lodge themselves between hooves of large grazing animals and are transported to new pastures this way.

• The seeds of the cow parsnip plant are 70% more likely to sprout after passing through the digestive tract of a bear and landing in a pile of bear dung.

• Many species of birds such as nutcrackers, nuthatches, and jays stash seeds in thousands of hiding spots for later retrieval. A single Clark’s nutcracker can stash between 22,000 and 33,000 seeds in up to 7,500 different places in a single season. ...continued

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NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE

Contact your local agent

• Medicare Contact your local agent for for more information: Coverage more information: t for more information: • Group <Agent Name> A Medical INSURANCE AGENCY <Agency Name> Life Ins. • <Address> Rick Asche • 701-772-1138 H2409, H2410, H2450_2058 (01-2009) <City, ST ZIP> <Phone> 1521 24th Ave. S. • Grand Forks, ND <Hours of Operation> > “Since 1988”

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Johnny Appleseed liked not only apples but also a plant called dog fennel. He thought the herb would relieve fever, so he spread its seeds where ever he went, along with his beloved apple seeds. The plant is a stubborn, evil-smelling weed which, thanks to Johnny's efforts, still infests fields throughout the Midwest.

TREE TRIMMING & REMOVAL Licensed & Insured

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by Linda Thistle

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Place a number in the empty boxes in such a way that each row across, each column down and each small 9-box square contains all of the numbers from one to nine.

218.791.0619 • Grand Forks

ARE YOU READY TO DRIVE? DIFFICULTY THIS WEEK: H Moderate

Challenging HOO BOY!

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HIRING CLASS A CDL DRIVERS! driveteamgreen.com | 701-746-0389

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Pays2Know Refer a Friend or Family Member and You’ll Both Get $75*

Love banking with us?

Tell a friend to open a Service CU checking account, and you’ll each receive $75.* It Pays 2 Know.

Visit our Grand Forks Branch or servicecu.org/pays2know to learn more.

SEED DISPERSAL

• Plants have many ways of spreading or dispersing their seeds: • Gravity - heavy seeds simply fall off the plant (acorn).

• Wind - very fine seeds blow away on the wind using parachutes (dandelion) or wings (maple).

• Hooks - the seeds catch on the fur or clothing of a passing animal, to be rubbed off later (cocklebur).

• Animals – the tasty and nutritious seeds are eaten by animals, pass through the digestive tract, and are deposited in a pile of dung (many).

• Pepperpot - the seed-pod sprinkles the seeds over the ground when shaken by the wind (poppy).

• Exploding - the seed-pod bursts suddenly, throwing all the seeds out over a large area (impatiens).

• Floating - seeds grow with air trapped in them, so they can float downstream away from the parent plant (water hyacinth).

• In tumbleweeds, the entire plant breaks off and is blown across open country, scattering seeds as it rolls across the prairie.

• Some types of pine trees drop pine cones on the forest floor that are so tightly sealed closed with resin that they cannot open to spread their seeds until a forest fire subjects them to scorching heat.

This melts the resin and allows the cone to open, releasing the seeds into freshly cleared land that’s rich with nutritious ash.

• Each cocklebur that you pull off your socks contains two seeds. One is programmed to germinate the next spring, and the other is programmed to germinate the second spring. This doubles the chances of encountering good growing conditions.

NUGGET OF KNOWLEDGE

Insured by NCUA *In order to qualify for the $75 referral promotion, referrer must have a Service Credit Union checking account. Referred friend (referee) must be a member of Service Credit Union or eligible for membership with at least $5 in a primary savings account, must open a checking account with Service Credit Union, and must have direct deposit of net pay of at least $500 per month into the new checking account. Account must be open and in good standing for a minimum of 90 days, and referee must enroll in e-communications For Dividend Checking there is a variable Annual Percentage Yield (APY) of 0.15% accurate as of 05/01/2021 and no minimum balance required to earn APY. Fees may reduce the earnings on the account. The $75 bonus will be deposited to the checking account of both the referee and referrer 120 days after the referee’s account is opened as long as all criteria met. If we in our sole discretion determine that you have engaged in abuse, misuse, or gaming in connection with this offer in any way or that you intend to do so, we may not credit the bonus to, we may freeze the bonus to, or we may take away the bonus from your account. Promotion runs from May 10, 2021 to December 31, 2021 and is subject to be changed or be discontinued without notice. The credit union will issue a 1099-INT for tax purposes. Offer is not available outside of the US.

© 2021 King Features Synd., Inc.

Originally the term “seedy” described something “fruitful” or “abundant” but by the mid-18th century it had become a term of disparagement, meaning shabby, as in a plant that has “gone to seed” and is past its prime.

*Answer located further back in this issue.

winter catalog GuaranteedLowestPrice.com

OCT 22 - DEC 24, 2021

by Lucie Winbourne

• In Italy, pizza inspectors are hired by the government to ensure that restaurants are making their pizza at "Italian quality."

• The cables of the Golden Gate Bridge contain a whopping 80,000 miles of steel wire.

• Ray Bradbury wrote the first draft of "Fahrenheit 451" on coin-operated typewriters in the basement of a library at a cost of 10 cents for every 30 minutes. The first draft cost him a total of $9.80.

• The straw was invented by Egyptian brewers to taste beer without removing the fermenting ingredients that floated on top of the container.

• James Christopher Harrison is an Australian blood donor whose rare plasma composition has helped in the treatment of Rhesus disease. In May 2018, he made his final donation (1,173rd) at the age of 81 after having saved 2.4 million babies during his lifetime as a donor.

• No, alcohol doesn't kill brain cells -- it just makes them grow more slowly.

• In 2009, the Wisconsin Tourism Federation changed its name to the Tourism Federation of Wisconsin because, in the 30 years since its founding, the abbreviation "WTF" took on new meaning.

• Months that begin on a Sunday will always have a Friday the 13th.

• Not that you'd ever want to swim in it, but the average person's body produces enough saliva in their lifetime to fill two swimming pools.

• Plants grow larger and more quickly when watered with warm water.

• In late 2020, a North Korean gymnast defected to South Korea by vaulting himself over the 3-meterhigh border barricades without triggering sensors.

• Newborn babies cry, but they have no tears. Their tear ducts aren't formed until they are a month old. *** Thought for the Day: "There are two ways of spreading light: to be the candle, or the mirror that reflects it." -- Edith Wharton ©2021 King Features Syndicate, Inc.

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by Freddy Groves

Cybercriminals Have Vets in Their Sights

.COM

© 2021 King Features Syndicate. All rights reserved.

TIDBITSGF

*Answer located further back in this issue.

Veterans are victims of cybercrimes at a much higher rate than civilians. And it's not just veterans, included are military spouses, survivors, active-duty personnel and our families.

This is no doubt because of our benefits and the goodies to be had after stealing from us.

To tackle the problem, the Department of Veterans Affairs is stepping in and partnering with outside groups like the Cybercrime Support Network (cybercrimesupport.org), whose motto is Recognize, Report and Recover. It's about time ... over the past five years, veterans have reported cybercrime losses of more than $420 million.

The CSN's mix of initiatives includes ScamSpotter (ScamSpotter.org), with practical consumer advice about how to spot and avoid fraud and scams.

Especially for us is Fight Cybercrime (fightcybercrime. org/military). Its crime-fighting partners are pretty impressive, and include the Disabled American Veterans and Army Emergency Relief. Look over the site for a resource library for us, law enforcement and businesses. Interesting topics include how to reduce your risk of ransomware, determining if a text message is fake or real, being safe in online gaming and even a pre-vacation checklist.

VFW

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FRIDAY 7:30 pm SATURDAY 2:30 pm SUNDAY 4:00 pm 312 DeMers Ave. • East Grand Forks • 218-773-2481 • Everyone is Welcome!

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A recent Fight Cybercrime webinar touched home for many of us: How to keep your business information safe when you're working from home and sharing your online connection with children. Past webinars are worth watching as well: staying safe on social media, avoiding a scam from a government tax imposter, and COVID scams, which seem to be everywhere.

So, we have the tools. The information and resources are out there. But we need to take advantage of all that's offered to avoid becoming another cybercrime statistic.

One of the biggest problems with cybercrime is that we don't always report it. We're embarrassed because we thought we couldn't be fooled ... until we are. Do your part. If you get scammed, report it. (c) 2021 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Solution located further back.

PLEASE TELL OUR ADVERTISERS THAT YOU SAW THEIR AD IN TIDBITS!

Answer

Weekly SUDOKU

• Holly is a variation of the English word “holy.” Hollyhock was considered holy because it was thought to have been brought back to Britain by the Crusaders.

The leaves were used to reduce swelling in horse’s hocks.

• Geranium comes from the Greek word “geranos” meaning crane’s bill because the seed pod resembles a crane’s bill.

• Teasel has a very prickly head which was used to fluff up or tease the fibers of woven cloth.

• Mistletoe comes from the word “mista” meaning dung, and “tan” meaning twig, because the plant seeds are spread through bird droppings that land on tree branches.

• “Beech” has the same origin is as the word “book” because the first writing was done on boards made out of beech trees.

• The birch got its name from the Indo-European word meaning “bright” because of its bright white bark.

• The weed plantain was named from the Latin word “plantago” which means the sole of the foot because the seeds of the plant stick to the feet of people that pass by.

• The genus Hosta is named for Nicolaus Thomas Host, a Croatian botanist and personal physician of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. Host was the director of the botanical garden at the Belvedere Palace in Vienna, Austria.

• Petunia is from the Brazilian “petun” meaning tobacco, to which this plant is related.

• The peony is named after Paeon, who was a student of Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine and healing.

In Greek mythology, when Asclepius became jealous of Paeon, Zeus saved Paeon from the wrath of Asclepius by turning him into the peony flower.

• Delphinium comes from the Greek “delphis” meaning dolphin because of the shape of the opening flower.

• Saxifrage comes from the Latin “saxum” meaning rock, plus “frangere” meaning “to break” due to the plant’s habit of growing in cracks in rocks, forcing them to split apart.

• In Greek mythology, the Anemoi were the four gods of the winds, each one responsible for one wind direction and a single season. The Anemoi would send the winds to spread the seeds of a flower called anemone, meaning “daughter of the wind.”

• Asparagus comes from the Greek “asparagos” meaning “to spring up.” Broccoli comes from the Latin “brachium” meaning “branch.”

• Wolfsbane was named for the practice of using arrows tipped with the juice of this toxic plant, or baits soaked in it, to poison wolves.

• Hops come from the Anglo-Saxon “hoppan” which means “to climb.”

• Eucalyptus is from the Greek “eu” meaning “well” and “kalyptos” meaning “covered” referring to the little cap that covers the flowers and then falls off as they open.

• Forsythia was named after the 18th Century Scottish gardener, William Forsyth. Forsyth was responsible for constructing the first rock garden in Britain.

• Hemlock is from the Anglo-Saxon words “hem” meaning border or shore, and “leác” meaning “leek.”

• Plumbago is from the Latin “plumbum” meaning lead, because it was thought to be a cure for lead poisoning.

Another common name for plumbago is leadwort.

• Pumpkin originated from the Greek “pepon” meaning large melon. Pepon then became “pompon” in French, then “pumpion” in English and finally “pumpkin” in American.

• Rosemary comes from the Latin “ros” meaning dew, plus “marinus” meaning sea, literally “dew of the sea” because it is often found growing near the ocean.

Answer

PLANT NAMES

King CROSSWORD

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• On Nov. 14, 1851, Herman Melville publishes "MobyDick." Initially the book about Captain Ahab and his quest to catch a giant white whale was a flop, but it would eventually become a staple of high-school reading lists across the U.S. • On Nov. 12, 1892, William "Pudge" Heffelfinger becomes the first professional football player when Pittsburgh's Allegheny Athletic Association pays him $500 to play as a ringer in a game. Before then, players had traded their services for expense money or trinkets, not cash.

• On Nov. 8, 1900, Margaret Mitchell, author of "Gone with the Wind" (1936), is born in Atlanta. Mitchell quit working as a journalist after an ankle injury limited her mobility, and she devoted herself to her novel about the South during and after the Civil War. The book sold 1 million copies in its first six months.

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• On Nov. 9, 1938, in an event that would foreshadow the Holocaust, German Nazis launch a campaign of terror against Jewish people and their homes and businesses. "Kristallnacht," or "Night of Broken Glass," left some 100 Jews dead and 7,500 Jewish businesses damaged.

• On Nov. 10, 1969, "Sesame Street," a pioneering TV show that would teach generations of young children the alphabet and how to count, makes its broadcast debut, on PBS. • On Nov. 11, 1978, a stuntman on the Georgia set of "The Dukes of Hazzard" launches the show's iconic 1969 Dodge Charger, nicknamed the General Lee, off a 16-foot-high dirt ramp and over a police car. Several hundred Chargers were used during the show's six-year run due to damage from jumps and other stunts.

• On Nov. 13, 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C. The simple V-shaped black-granite wall is inscribed with the names of the 57,939 Americans who died in the conflict, arranged in order of death, not rank.

King Features Weekly Service ©2021 King Features Syndicate, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2021 King Features Synd., Inc.

(Answers located further back)

October 25, 2021

• “Need a new look for a favorite sweater? Change out your buttons. It’s such a small thing, but makes a big change in look!” — E.L. in Massachusetts • Instead of using costly brass polish, try a little lemon juice and salt. Another brass polish you probably have right now is ketchup. Apply a thin layer and buff off with a soft rag.

• Experts say to always crack your egg on a flat surface, rather than using the edge of a counter or bowl. More egg-tastic advice is to crack eggs into a small bowl instead of directly into ingredients. If you have a sneaky “bad egg” in your dozen, it’s better to find out before you ruin your baking.

• “I love to search for recipes online, and I have learned to pay attention to the comments section. You’ll find a lot of explanation and frequently a tweak that many people have found successful. Comments have saved me from oversalting a dish, as well as making necessary adjustments in temperature and cooking time. I have found complicated techniques broken down in ways that were helpful. It pays to check out the comments!” — W.G. in Missouri • Attention salad eaters: Got a thick dressing that’s high in fat? Rinse lettuce before dressing your salad. Wet or moist lettuce traps less dressing.

If your dressing is light, give salad greens an extra spin. Drier lettuce holds on to dressing, making lightly dressed salad more flavorful.

• Another great use for baking soda: Add a cup or two to your toilet bowl.

Swish and let sit for 1-2 hours. Flush for odor control and shine.

Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

Turkey or Ham?

by Matilda Charles

What is Thanksgiving going to look like this year?

That's a big question, and many of us don't have the answers yet.

Part of it depends on whether we're still the ones cooking the turkey or whether that particular baton was passed years ago.

Part of it depends on whether we're close enough to relatives that they can drive over or whether somebody would be required to board a plane.

Part of it depends on whether anyone present has a pre-existing condition that would make getting COVID especially risky.

I've done an informal poll of those around me and scattered across the country. One person has flatly stated that his family will all be present with the triple garage turned into a big dining room. Another said it will be a repeat of last year with everyone in their own home with online meeting software running during dinner. Another is delivering a turkey dinner to her mother. Yet another is taking his parents out to a fancy buffet.

Some say it all depends on whether everyone in the group has been vaccinated. Some don't want to take the shot. Many refuse to be around those who didn't take the shot. A few are leery of small children who aren't eligible for the shot, but who are in school with others whose parents might or might not have gotten vaccinated. Or maybe there's a teen who's been released from home prison, as they're calling it, and might or might not have been socially distancing from pals or wearing a mask, which might or might not work anyway. Then there's the wee matter of breathing used air on planes and whether we're sitting next to someone who sneaks off his mask when the stewardesses aren't looking.

It gets complicated, this business of calculating how to handle Thanksgiving. The biggest debate used to be: turkey or ham?

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TYPHOID MARY

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• Typhoid fever is spread by eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated with feces of an infected person. It’s common in areas of overcrowding and poor sanitation.

• The typhoid bacillus was identified in 1879, and researchers proved that prevention lies in keeping drinking water separate from human waste, and in hand-washing after using the bathroom.

The study of typhoid led to the realization that people who were never sick with the illness could still pass it on to other people. The woman most famous for this was Mary Mallon, better known as Typhoid Mary.

• Mary Mallon was born in 1869 in Ireland and immigrated to the U.S. in 1884 where she became a cook. Every place she worked, people came down with typhoid fever. In 1906, she went to work for a wealthy New York banker and his family who rented an estate on Long Island. When 6 out of the 11 people in the household came down with typhoid fever, the banker was horrified because typhoid was considered a disease of the unwashed masses, not the wealthy elite.

• The owner of the estate, fearing that she would be unable to rent the property if she couldn’t get to the bottom of the outbreak, called in a sanitary engineer named George Soper to track down the cause. He examined the well, the holding tanks, the water in the harbor, the cesspool, the privy, the fertilizer used on the lawns, and the local supply of clams, but found nothing. Then he discovered that the cook who had been working there during the onset of the illness had previously worked for a number of other families who had also suffered from outbreaks of typhoid. Of eight families she had served between 1900 and 1907, seven of them had experienced typhoid, with 22 people becoming ill and one person dying. ...continued

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TYPHOID MARY (cont):

• The typhoid bacillus is destroyed by the heat of cooking, but Soper found that one of Mary’s signature dishes was ice cream with slices of peaches mixed in. He theorized she was a silent carrier who spread the sickness by handling their food with unwashed hands.

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• The Health Department tracked down Mary Mallon and took her into custody in 1907. She was confined to the medical facilities on 16acre North Brother Island off the Bronx shoreline. Doctors tried unsuccessfully to clear her system of the bacillus. Mary Mallon was the first person in the U.S. identified as an asymptomatic carrier of the pathogen. By now, hundreds of people had been identified as carriers, but Mary was the first. Two years later she was released on the condition she agreed never to work as a cook again.

• Four years later, George Soper was called to track down an outbreak of typhoid at a sanatorium in New Jersey and a maternity home in Manhattan, where a total of 25 people had gotten sick and two died. Mary worked at both places. This time Mary was confined to the North Brother Island for the rest of her life. She spent the next 23 years there, living with her dog in a cottage, working for generous pay in the hospital’s laboratory, and making occasional shopping trips to city. She died there, still under quarantine, in 1938. Nine people attended her funeral. She was responsible for causing 51 known cases of typhoid, resulting in 3 deaths.

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6. 50 years 1. Yes. They are very tiny. 7. Fifteenth 8. Four 2. About 200 9. Springfield 3. Cyanide 10. The Upside 4. 50% Down 5. About 200

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• A vaccine against typhoid was developed in 1911, and antibiotics became available in 1948.

About 6% of people who suffer typhoid become carriers for the illness. About 400 cases are reported in the U.S. each year, and about 12.5 million worldwide. About 20% of infected people will die if left untreated, but only about 1 to 4% die if treated.

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