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TIDBITS TRAVELS TO SOME ®

RAINFORESTS by Kathy Wolfe

If you don’t know much about rainforests, you’ve come to the right place! This week, Tidbits offers the details on these geographical wonders. • Rainforests cover 6% of Earth’s land surface. Yet, more than half of all plants, animals, and insects – about 30 million species – dwell in and depend on tropical rainforest ecosystems. They used to cover 14% of the land surface, but deforestation from ranching, mining, logging, and agriculture have led to loss. More than 720,000 square miles of rain forests around the world were cut down between 2000 and 2012. It’s estimated that an area the size of football field is destroyed every second. • When we think of rainforests, we usually visualize a hot, lush, humid jungle near the equator. But they can be found all over the world, on every continent except Antarctica. Temperate rainforests can be found anywhere between the tropics and the polar circles. In order to be classified as a rainforest, the area must simply receive a lot of rainfall. That’s true of the Pacific temperate rainforest region of North America, which is characterized by high rainfall, as much as 13 feet in some areas. It’s the largest temperate rainforest on Earth, spreading from Alaska to Northern California. Turn the page for more!

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Quiz Bits 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. In what decade did the Frisbee debut as a flying toy? 6. What country did the Soviet How much rain does the Union invade in 1979? Amazon rainforest get each 7. What was the name of the year on average? broomstick that Harry Potter What living thing helps decay received as a gift in “Harry Potanimal and plant waste in rain ter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”? forests? 8. Which company once used How much sunlight shining on the ad slogan, “You deserve a the rainforest canopy reaches break today”? the understory? TRIVIA What is the capital of Brazil? SPONSORED BY:

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RAINFORESTS (continued):

• The Pacific rainforest begins at Prince William Sound in Alaska and extends down the British Columbia Coast, through Washington, Oregon, and into Northern California. Southeast Alaska is home to Tongass National Forest, the largest national forest in the U.S., most of which is a rainforest. The western side of Olympic National Park, located on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula, has two rainforests, each receiving annual rainfall of about 150 inches, the second wettest area in the U.S. Only the Hawaiian island of Kauai gets more rain. • While palm and nut trees dominate a tropical rainforest, the temperate Pacific rainforest is dominated by coniferous trees, such as spruce, hemlock, Douglas fir, cedar, pine, maple, and sequoia. The bark of many trees is covered with moss. Lush ferns, moss, and mushrooms thrive in the Pacific rainforest, along with flowering shrubs and berries. • Tropical rainforests have a warm, wet climate with no dry season. Located within 10 degrees of the equator, the average annual rainfall is at least 66 inches, but can surpass 390 inches. They have an average daytime temperature of 86 degrees. • The top of the rainforest is called the canopy, consisting of vines and the tops of trees. It can reach a height of up to 160 feet. Below the canopy is the understory, comprised of ferns, flowers, dead leaves, vines, and tree trunks. The canopy is often so thick that it can take 10 minutes for a falling raindrop to reach the floor. • The Amazon rainforest is the world’s largest tropical rainforest, crossing eight South American countries. Covering 1.4 billion acres (2,123,562 sq. miles), if it were a country, the Amazon would the ninth largest in the world.

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SPORTS QUIZ 1. Alex Rodriguez and Ken Griffey, Jr. both drafted by the Seattle Mariners, combined to hit 1,326 majorleague home runs. T or F: Over half of them came as a member of the Mariners. 2. Entering 2019, the New York Yankees held the record for most World Series games won (139). Which team has won the secondmost games?

3. How many times have tennis stars Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova met in a Grand Slam final? 4. The Orlando Magic have had the No. 1 overall pick in the NBA Draft three times. Name the players they drafted. 5. The Lakers franchise has also had the No. 1 overall pick in the NBA Draft three times. Name the players they drafted.

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RAINFORESTS (continued):

• Sixty-four percent of the Amazon rainforest is in Brazil, but it spreads across eight countries, including Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, and Colombia. More than 20 million people live in the Brazilian portion of the rain forest. • There are nearly 400 billion trees in the Amazon, divided into 16,000 different species. Palm tree species are the most common. • Twenty percent of all bird species live in the Amazon rainforest, along with 2.5 million different insect species, 2,000 unique species of butterflies, and 40,000 different types of plants. This rain forest contains 10% of the world’s known species. • Eighteen percent of the world’s total of tropical rainforests are found in Africa. The Democratic Republic of Congo has the second largest in the world. • The rainforests of Australia are lush with 2,800 different plant species, including leafy ferns and luxurious orchids. Eighty percent of the flowers are not found anywhere else in the world. Some of the trees are 2,000 years old, towering to heights of nearly 200 feet. Sixty percent of this continent’s butterflies live in the rainforests there. • There’s a vast difference in the animal life between temperate and tropical rainforests. The Pacific temperate rainforest is home to bobcats, lynx, coyotes, voles, spotted owls, foxes, deer, and the largest remaining wild herd of Roosevelt elk. Contrast this with the tropical rainforest animal list that includes jaguars, tigers, monkeys, sloths, orangutans, poison dart frogs, and a huge variety of snakes. Many animals remain in the rainforest’s canopy and very rarely come down to the ground.

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...continued

*Answer located further back in this issue.

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• Plants and animals aren’t the only living things in the rainforests. Brazil is home to nearly 70 tribes who live in the rainforest with no contact with the outside world. About 250,000 indigenous peoples live in the Amazon rainforest. The island of New Guinea has over 40 uncontacted tribal groups. New Guinea’s Korowai tribe lives in tree houses nearly 150 feet above ground. • Although the words rainforest and jungle are sometimes thought to be the same thing, there are many differences. Rainforests have thick canopies of tall trees that block out the light, while jungles let light in, contributing to abundant plant life that frequently makes it difficult to navigate through the vegetation. The lack of sun in a rainforest keeps vegetation from springing up on the floor. The floor of a rainforest is wet and soft, while the jungle floor is hard. Rainforests are constantly wet, while jungles are in dry areas. Jungles are frequently found surrounding rainforests. • Rainforest plants are vital not only to those living there, but to the entire world! Twenty-five percent of the ingredients in our medicines come from these plants. There are more than 2,000 tropical forest plants that have been identified as having anti-cancer properties. Seventy percent of cancer-treating drugs can only be found in rainforests. Other plants contain elements that treat inflammation, diabetes, malaria, heart and skin conditions, arthritis, glaucoma, and muscle tension. The bark of the Tabebuia tree, found in Central and South American rainforests, produces an extract that is brewed into a tea called lapacho. It’s been known to help with infections, allergies, diabetes, asthma, and bronchitis, as well as helping alleviate side effects of chemotherapy. Although the potential for further use in medicines has been proven, just 1% of rainforest plants have been assessed for those medicinal properties.

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PRESIDENTIAL QUOTES: “I predict future happiness for Americans if they can prevent the government from wasting the labors of the people under the pretense of taking care of them.” ~ Thomas Jefferson

Since 1997

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SUPPORT GROUPS THURSDAYS AT 6:30PM BEGINNING SEPTEMBER 12

by Samantha Weaver

• It was Marquette University basketball coach and beloved national basketball commentator Al McGuire who made the following sage observation: "The world is run by C students." • There were no armadillos in Texas until the 1840s.

DIVORCE CARE GRIEF SHARE CELEBRATE RECOVERY CONQUER SERIES (MEN’S GROP ON SEXUAL PURITY) HOPE FOR THE JOURNEY (CANCER PATIENTS,

• Many people think that adding cream to coffee makes it colder, but that's only partially correct. As it turns out, after cooling the coffee a little bit, the cream forms a layer of fat molecules across the surface, insulating the coffee and keeping it warmer longer.

SURVIVORS & CAREGIVERS)

• Those who study such things say that only about half the French-speaking people in the world actually live in France.

MENDING THE SOUL (WOMEN’S GROUP ON ABUSE) CHILDREN COPING WITH LOSS FINDING HOPE (DEPRESSION/ANXIETY) BETRAYAL AND BEYOND (WOMEN’S GROUP FOR

• After the Civil War, Varina Davis -- widow of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy -- and Julia Grant -- widow of Ulysses S. Grant, famed Union general and later president of the United States -- ended up living near each other. According to historians, they became very close friends.

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• On average, twins arrive 24 days earlier than babies from single births. • It's been claimed that it was customary in Austria at one time for women to wear small dogs draped about their shoulders for warmth. • You might be surprised to learn that the hula hoop was banned in some Indonesian cities. Why, you might ask? According to officials, the toy "awakens sensuality." • In China, it is traditional for men do the knitting. • According to anthropologists, if you'd never worn shoes, there would be a larger gap between your big toe and the rest of your toes. *** Thought for the Day: "Four be the things I am wiser to know: idleness, sorrow, a friend and a foe. Four be the things I'd be better without: love, curiosity, freckles and doubt." -- Dorothy Parker © 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Fall Leaf Disposal Contact your local agent

• Medicare Contact your local agent for for more information: Coverage more information: t for more information: • Group <Agent Name> A Medical INSURANCE AGENCY <Agency Name> Life Ins. • <Address> Rick Asche • 701-772-1138 H2409, H2410, H2450_2058 (01-2009) <City, ST ZIP> <Phone> 1521 24th Ave. S. • Grand Forks, ND <Hours of Operation> > “Since 1988”

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H LEAF PICK-UP IS UNDERWAY! H Disposal Options:

For immediate disposal haul your leaves to your nearest compost site through November 15th or Rake them loosely to your berm -NO BAGS. We will attempt to make 2 complete passes through town on street maintenance days, weather permitting. DO NOT mix grass clippings, branches, brush & garden waste. Keep piles away from parked cars, fences & trees, & out of gutters.

©2009 Medica. Medica® contracts with the federal government.

S U D O K U

by Linda Thistle

009 Medica. Medica® contracts with the federal government.

Place a number in the empty boxes in such a way that each row across, each column down and each small 9-box square contains all of the numbers from one to nine.

Public Works

For More Information go to: www.grandforksgov.com or call 311

Short-Term Care & Rehabilitation • Recuperate • Get Strong • Get Back to Everyday Life We offer specialized services in: DIFFICULTY THIS WEEK: HHH Moderate

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Physical, Occuaptional and Speech Therapy, along with Skilled Nursing Services To learn more about rehabilitation and other services we offer please contact us.

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Remarkable People

ROALD AMUNDSEN

Could you list the accomplishments of Roald Amundsen? If not, take a few minutes to learn the history of this remarkable explorer.

• At age 31, Amundsen commanded an expedition that was the first to discover the Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. The perilous journey took 3 years to complete, navigating between the northern Canadian mainland and Canada’s Arctic islands. During the expedition, Amundsen studied the local people to learn further survival skills as well as skill in the use of sled dogs.

• Roald seemed destined for a life at sea, having been born into a family of Norwegian ship owners and ship captains. But his mother’s dream for him was to become a doctor. Although his life’s desire was to • Amundsen was planning an expedition to the North Pole when he learned that Robert Peary had claimed to have travel and explore the world, he complied with her already reached the Pole. Amundsen quickly altered his wishes and entered the university. However, upon plans, aiming for the South Pole, keeping his mission a her death when Roald was 21, he quickly quit his secret, because British explorer Robert Scott also had studies and pursued his dream. plans to conquer the South Pole. Amundsen set out with • In 1897, at 25, Roald joined an Antarctic expedia crew of four men, 52 dogs, and four sleds, arriving tion as the ship’s first mate. His goal was to gain in Antarctica in January, 1911. They spent the next 10 valuable experience in preparation for his skipper’s months preparing for the trip to the Pole, fattening up license and his own future voyages. This expedition the dogs and redesigning the sleds. The team departed became the first to survive the winter in Antarctica, camp for the Pole in October and arrived almost two with the ship frozen firmly in 7 feet of ice. The ship months later, a full 35 days before the competing expewas poorly prepared, and as scurvy began to set in, dition, planting the Norwegian flag firmly at the site. the men’s health suffered greatly. The ingenuity of

Answer

Weekly SUDOKU

Answer

King CROSSWORD

an American doctor on board saved them, as he or- • Although Scott’s expedition arrived at the Pole in January, he and his crew did not return safely, and tragically, ganized hunting parties for penguin and seal meat. they were found frozen to death months later. It seems that fresh seal meat contained Vitamin C, which • Amundsen made history again in 1926 when he was was vital in the cure of scurpart of an Italian air crew that made the first North Pole vy. After 13 months of being crossing in an airship, giving Amundsen the honor of locked in ice, the ship was able being the first to reach both the North and South Poles. to break free and head for open And since the claims of explorer Robert Peary were dissea. puted, Amundsen may well have been the first to reach the North Pole as well. • During that first expedition, Amundsen discovered that coats made of animal skins were much better • In 1928, Amundsen was part of a rescue team in search for staying warm than heavy woolen parkas, which of missing crew members of a crashed airship that was would not keep out the cold when wet. Amundsen returning from the North Pole. Amundsen’s own plane made note of many important survival lessons that crashed. A three-month search ensued, but the remains would help him greatly on his own future expediof the crew were never found. tions.

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(Answers located further back)

October 21, 2019

• You can rewrap a scratching post with sisal rope fairly easily. The rope usually costs only a couple of dollars, and you can use a drop of hot glue to get started and another at the end. Your cat (and your couch) will thank you. • “I’ve been trying to make better choices about the packaging on items I purchase, and I’ve stopped using plastic wrap and baggies for the most part. But there are some items that wax paper or parchment bags can’t handle. But I found a solution: beeswax wrap. It works just like cling wrap, and you can wash it easily. It’s pretty cool and reusable over and over.” — K.G. in Florida • Add a few tablespoons of milk to water that you use to cook cauliflower. It will help it retain its whiteness. • Remove a lettuce core with this swift trick: Set the head of lettuce core side down on a hard surface. Bring the lettuce up and then down swiftly, crushing the core. Turn it over and the core should be easy to remove. Slice as needed. • “I use the wide rubber band from a head of broccoli to keep my dusting cloth attached to my bottle of furniture polish. I have a microfiber cloth that I use several times before washing. I tuck it under the band, and the two items stay together under the sink.” — B. in Oklahoma • “Someone brought a bag of temporary tattoos to a tailgate and the kids (and some of the adults, if I’m being honest) went overboard. We used baby oil to get the residue off the next day. It came off without a fight, thank goodness.” — J.J. in Georgia Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

Of Grand Forks • East Grand Forks

• On Nov. 6, 1528, the Spanish conquistador Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca is shipwrecked on a low sandy island off the coast of Texas. Starving, dehydrated and desperate, he is the first European to set foot on the soil of the future Lone Star state. • On Nov. 10, 1775, a resolution, drafted by future U.S. president John Adams, creates the Continental Marines and is now observed as the birth date of the United States Marine Corps. The motto of the service is Semper Fidelis, meaning "Always Faithful" in Latin. • On Nov. 7, 1914, while World War I rages in Europe, a new weekly magazine, The New Republic, is first published in the United States. Though its first issue sold only 875 copies, after a year the circulation reached 15,000. The New Republic still operates today as a weekly journal of opinion. • On Nov. 8, 1951, Yankees catcher Yogi Berra is voted the American League's most valuable player. He went on to be the league MVP twice more, in 1954 and 1955. • On Nov. 5, 1968, in one of the closest elections in U.S. history, Republican challenger Richard Nixon defeats Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Because of third-party candidate George Wallace, neither Nixon nor Humphrey received 50% of the vote. • On Nov. 4, 1979, student followers of the Ayatollah Khomeini send shock waves across America when they storm the U.S. embassy in Tehran. The radical Islamic fundamentalists took 90 hostages. • On Nov. 9, 1989, East German officials open the Berlin Wall, allowing free travel from East to West Berlin for the first time since 1961. The next day, celebrating Germans began to tear down one of the ugliest and most infamous symbols of the Cold War. The wall was built to keep a flood of refugees from fleeing Communist East Germany to the West.

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THE UNITED NATIONS

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Many of us think of the United Nations as a tall building in New York City, but there’s much more to this organization. In commemoration of United Nations Day on October 24, Tidbits takes a quick look into its beginnings and functions. • The term “United Nations” was first used on New Years’ Day, 1942, when, in the midst of World War II, President Franklin Roosevelt used the title to refer to the representatives of 26 nations who had pledged to continue an alliance to fight the Axis Powers that consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan. • The “United Nations” became the official term for the Allied nations during the war. All countries supporting the Allies signed the United Nations declaration and declared war on the Axis Powers. • The United Nations as we know it didn’t officially come into existence until October 24, 1945, shortly after the end of World War II. Delegates from 50 countries gathered in San Francisco to draw up the organization’s charter. It was ratified that day, and signed the following June by those delegates. Poland, although not represented at the original gathering, signed the charter, bringing the total of original members to 51. Today, there are 193 Member States. • Construction on the U.N. headquarters began in September of 1948, and was completed four years later at a cost of $65 million ($613.2 million in today’s dollars). The land in Manhattan where the building was constructed beside the East River was the previous home of slaughterhouses, tenements, and a pencil factory. • The most well-known goal of the U.N. is, of course, to keep peace throughout the world and develop friendly relations. It attempts to uphold law and order in the world, including providing security to countries where civilians are attacked by rebels or terrorists. ...continued

UNITED NATIONS (continued):

• In the area of human rights, the U.N.’s goal is to reduce poverty and hunger, providing $12.5 billion annually in humanitarian aid. Through its World Food Program, it supplies food to 90 million people in 75 countries and assists upwards of 30 million refugees.

• Considering that there are an estimated 3 billion people without basic handwashing facilities, it is the aim of the U.N. to combat disease by providing the facilities and educating in sanitation procedures. Since 785 million people lack safe drinking water, the organization seeks to remedy the situation. The U.N. also vaccinates 58% of the world’s children. DIFFERENCES: 1. Boy's jacket is black. 2. "Down" sign is different. 3. Woman's dress is black. 4. "Sale" sign is added. 5. Windows are missing. 6. Woman's hairstyle is different. © 2019 King Features Synd., All rights reserved.

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• The branch of the United Nations known as UNESCO specializes in promoting education, sciences, and culture. Their goal is education opportunities for all. • UNICEF was created as part of the United Nations in 1946 to provide emergency food and healthcare to the children left devastated by World War II. U.N. member governments contribute 65% of UNICEF’s resources, with the remainder donated by private groups and citizens. “Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF” was started in 1950 as a fund-raising event that allowed millions of children to collect funds for the organization. Participants from 191 countries carry small orange boxes to the houses they visit on Halloween and donate the proceeds, a program that has raised more than $188 million. • Ongoing U.N. projects include providing affordable, sustainable energy to all, transportation services, reduction of waste, protection of ecosystems and forests, and combating global warming.

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