Environmental Building System
Client profile - The Ngs
Summer sunpath
Street
The Ngs are a couple with two dogs. They are going to move to a house opposite the beach with a good view. They are friendly and hospitable, so there are always guests staying at their home. They want a large backyard for fancy dinner parties. They both work for a solar power company. They would like a good passive design house with sufficient daylight. They have an idea to use solar panel system for their house.
Winter sunpath Site boundary
S M 9am winter wind
3pm winter wind
GM
Site analysis The site is opposite to the sea and it has all year round sea breezes from east. Winter wind comes from north and summer wind comes from south and west. Trees are planted on the north side along the site boundaries to block noise from the street. There is a large backyard with trees and water features for the Ngs to have a party and for dogs to play. There is a decking area connected with the living space for the Ngs to have a BBQ.
cockatoo house
9am summer wind
Laneway
3pm summer wind
Beach Legand
Winter sunpath
Single storey brick units
Sea breezes
Hot water panel
Winter wind
Solar panel
Summer wind
Electricity pit
Vegetation
Gas connection line
Summer sunpath
Telecom connection line Water connection line Sewer connection line
Name:__Tiantong Zou_______________________ Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036 Student Number:_901114___________________
Telecom pit
Assignment 1
David Ritter
Date: 09 Aug 2018
Scale: 1:200 @ A3
N
1. Site Plan
Sky light would go into the building envelope, to illuminate the dining area.
1:100 section
Solar panel is placed on the pitched roof to get solar energy.
North-facing upward raked eaves allow full exposure of glass to winter sun and shade larger areas in summer. Windows on the east and west side of the building would create cross ventilation. Convective air movement improves the cross ventilation. The rule of convective air movement is that warm air rises and cool air falls. Cool sea breezes or night air come from external area, which promotes warm air to rise and escape from the ceiling.
Solar radiation passes through glasses into the building envelope. A long wave radiation could be achieved to create a warm living space. Heat energy would release from the floor and walls’ thermal mass at night.
An awning blind is placed on a west side window for kitchen space, which avoids afternoon summer sun.
Thermal mass details
kitchen/dining
Summer sun living
Decidous Trees on the north side of the house could create shadings to avoild summer sun and allow winter sun coming through.
Concerned about passive design for cockatoo house, ventilation strategies, thermal mass, passive solar design and shading design are the key considerations. Passive solar design Solar heat is a main heating resource. North Winter sun facing living and dining spaces could get the most natural sunlight. The use of large glazing windows and sliding doors in living and dining space could help get as mush sunlight as possible. Thermal mass Thermal mass is a thermal battery to absorb and store heat energy, helps to keep the house comfortable . During summer it absorbs heat during the day and releases it by night to cooling breezes. In winter, the thermal mass can store the heat gained from sunlight and release it at night to keep the house warm. Shading The main focus of shading is at the north facing living and dining place, where has the most sunlight and family time is spent. Roof shading is created by eaves on the north living space, as well as on the west and east. Different types of window shadings are used to shade low angle morning suns and afternoon summer sun. Bedrooms are placed on the south side of the house to get a cool temperature for sleeping. Ventilation A good ventilation could be achieved by cross section cut line ventilation between windows and doors. Air movement is an important element to cool down the house by carrying heat out of the building as warmed air and replacing it with cooler external air. Summer sun
Winter sun
bed
Legand bath
Cold wind Hot wind
ensiute bed
Vegetation
bed
The small water pool could cool down the summer hot wind from southwest. Cold breezes from the sea could also cool down the house
Name:_Tiantong ZOU_______________________
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number:__901114__________________
Assignment 1
David Ritter
24 Aug 2018
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
2. Passive Thermal (ventilation/solar)
W01. Awning window
1090 * 600 Timber B DG Argon Fill Tint-Clear Window, double glazed, with 2.50 U-value and 0.28 SHGC.
Precast concrete
Flexible and durable, used for and wall construction
W02 Sliding Window
1090 * 772 Timber A DG Argon Fill Low Solar Gain Low-E Clear Window, double glazed, with 2.0 U-value and 0.18 SHGC.
W03. Awning window
850 * 600
W05. Fixed window
2410 * 2100
Timber B DG Argon Fill Tint-Clear Window, double glazed, with 2.50 U-value and 0.28 SHGC.
Cladding
W04. Fixed window
Timber B DG Argon Fill Tint-Clear Window, double glazed, with 2.50 U-value and 0.28 SHGC.
1450 * 2100
W06. Sliding patio door
W06. Awning window
610 * 600
3118 * 2400
Timber B DG Argon Fill Tint-Clear Window, double glazed, with 2.50 U-value and 0.28 SHGC.
Timber B DG Argon Fill Tint-Clear Window, double glazed, with 2.50 U-value and 0.28 SHGC.
Timber A DG Argon Fill Low Solar Gain Low-E Clear Window, double glazed, with 2.0 U-value and 0.18 SHGC.
Window schedule Fixed windows with high SHGC are placed in the living space to get enough sunlight. Sliding patio door is placed on the east living space, which gives people convenience to go to the outside decking area for a BBQ. Double glazed windows are used everywhere to defend cool breezes and all year round wind. Awning windows with lower SHGC are used for bedroom to create a cool and comfortable sleeping area.
Lightweight frame construction consists of framed and braced timber structures. Structural capability, thermal performance, sound insulation, fire resistance, vermin resistance, durability and moisture resistance are the elements to assess its environmental impact.
Concrete slab floor could achieve thermal comfort due to its high thermal mass, used for the floor, combining with insulations.
Material Schedule
W04
Shield windows from high angle sun
Roof design This house is designed in clerstory roof. Skylight could shield high angle sun and allow low angle sun come through to naturally illuminate dining area. The sloping roof also optimises the position of solar panels. Insulation is another important point for roof design, since about 25% heat loss is through the roof in a house.
W05
kitchen/dining
W03 W06
Skylight Terracotta tile roof
living
Ventilated cavity
Legand bed
Insulation Ceiling
Material Using sustainable and low environmental impact material is a key strategy in a house design. Timber and steel are used as a lightweight framed construction to build Cockatoo house, which creates a comfort and appeal home. Insulation and building sealing Insulation is a bariier to heat flow and it is needed on walls, floors and ceilings. Sealings are required for doors and windows to keep a warm building envelope. There are two main cataloges of insulation - bulk and reflective. R-value and U-Value are key considerations to choose appropriate thermal mass for insulations. R-Value is the thermal resistance, whereas U-Value is the thermal transmittance.
Concrete slab floor
Cladding is used for external walls as a non-loadbearing skin to protect the building from weather, such as water.
Materials and construction types plays an important role in a house deisgn. Appropriate material choices contribute to a comfort and cost effectiveness home.
Roof schemetic cross section 1:100
W07
Carpet flooring
W02 bath
Timber flooring ensiute
Reverse brick veneer walls are used for the exterior wall, with 30mm airgap and R5.0 bulk insulation.
Tiles flooring
bed bed
Internal plasterboard stud wall was used for interior walls, with 3.5 bulk insulation.
W01 W01 Name: Tiantong Zou________________________
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number:_901114___________________
Assignment 1
David Ritter
Date: 1 Sep 2018
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
3. Materials and Construction
Lighting contributes 8-15% to the electrivity budget in a home. Efficient and well-designed lighting is important to save energy. Lamps choice for Cockatoo house includes
Lighting Schedule LED ceiling lamp
Pendant lamp
LED
Onsite power generation
Battery storage
PV systems The LED Ceiling Light utilizes LED technology to provide a uniform and energy efficient alternative to incandescent or CFL lamps.
Pendant with black fabric cord, placed in dining living space.
House LEDlux Jupiter 1 light 8W chrome LED IP44 rated wall bracket in warm white, used for bathrooms.
18W
15W quantity：3
Multiple switches are placed in Cockatoo house to control different lighting elements. Switches for the outside and hall way lights are placed at the exit of the house to encourage people to turn it off while leaving the home. Each bedroom has a mutiple switch for both ceiling fan and ceiling light.
8W
quantity：2
quantity：2
Central Invertor
Supply
Meter
Storage
Grid
Photovoltaic (PV) technology is used for Cockatoo house to produce electricity.
Distribution
Average lighting usage: 1.4 W/ m2
Glass
PV
Silicon
PV
PV
Backing
PV cell
kitchen/dining
Cell
Module (panel)
living
Array
Legand bed
Ceiling fan Ceiling light fitting
bath
ensiute
B I
bed bed
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number:_901114___________________
Assignment 1
David Ritter
Date: 1 Sep 2018
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
Battery
I
Inverter
Electricity Switchboard
Electricity line
Electric meter
Telecom pt
Single light switch
Telecom line
Multiple light switch
Internet pt
Double power point
Internet switchboard
Exhaust fan
Internet line
Smoke Detector
Name: Tiantong Zou________________________
B
4. Electrical and telecom
Gutter leaf screeens to keep leaves out of rainwater collection system.
Rainwater collection system is installed for cockatto house. Roof and gutters collection system and supply system are two important components for installing a rainwater tank. Rainwater collected from Cockatoo house is used for garden, toilet flushing and clothes washing. However, drinking and cooking water requires a higher quality treatment, so they are from the main water supply. The Ngs have a shower once a day per person, they wash clothes twice a week. Based on their family situations, a small saize tank with 3000-5000L storage spac is suitable for them.
Rainwater distriution system Switch-over controller
First flush of contaminated water is diverted into chamber
Water flow from roof
Once chamber is full, fresh water flows to tank
Ball seals chamber off
To tank
Pressure accumulator tank
Solar panel hot water system is used for Cockatto house. Solar hot water system is simple and durable, could reduce cost and greenhouse gas emmisions. Flat plate solar collector is the choice for Cockatoo house. It is facing north to get the most sunight. Flat plate units are commonly used in Australia and have been well proven in Australia for over 50 years. Evacuated tubes could work more efficiently in cold climates, such as in Europe and China, but not suitable in Australia. Gas booster works to supply hot water as well, in case of the weather without enought sunlight. A hot water tank is placed at the floor level, the storage hot water could be used for floor heating system as well.
Rainwater pressure pump in tank
First flush diverter intercepts the roof runoff, prevent the accumulated dust and bird droppings entering the rainwater tank. It improves water quality and protect pumbs.
Slimline tank is installed at the side of the house, with a properly formed concrete slab for support. It saves space and water.
Booster
HWS kitchen/dining
Solar collector thermosiphone system is placed on roof and connected with a stainless steel water storage tank. The sun heats the collector and the hot water is stored in the tank. The tank is placed at the floor level, combining with a booster.
living
Legand bed
GM Gas meter M bath
Gas flue W
Rainwater line
ensiute Image 1
Water meter
Hotwater line
bed
Main water line bed Solar panal
Rainwater tank Reference: Image1, Energy hot water service, Your Home, p.330.
Name: Tiantong Zou________________________
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number:_901114___________________
Assignment 1
David Ritter
Date: 1 Sep 2018
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
5. Water and Gas Supply
Onsite wastewater reuse could help to save water use to a large extent. There are two types of waste water: greywater and blackwater. Greywater from non-toilet plumbing fixtures such as showers, basins and taps is used for garden washing in Cockatto house. Portable use of greywater can help to reduce a home’s water use 30-50%, but greywater can only be stored no more than 24 hours. Thus, greywater treatment is an option for some households. The grey water used for garden needs to be balanced with the amount of water, solids and nutrients that the soild and plants could absorb. Blackwater is water that has been mixed with waste from the toilet and it is connected to the outside sewer.
The worst way of sewer pipe
Sewer connection details
Stormwater carries soil and organic matters may pollute downstream waterways. Water sensitive urban design strategy is used to deal with stormwater. The water has been cleaned and filtered by the soil and used by plants, then eventually reaches the river, lake or ocean. It avoids water pollution and protect the local water balance to a large extent.
The best way of sewer pipe with 30 degree angle
S Greywater connected to the sewage system
Slotted drainage pipes and greywater driplines spread greywater evenly around the garden. Garden discharge pipes choice Size of graded section of the pipe (DN): 100 Minimum grade : 1.65%
Stormwater contains pet waste, trash, solid and leaves, so they need careful treatment before going to the creek or ocean.
kitchen/dining Greywater from house to water garden
living
Legand bed
Greywater line
BMPs
bath
Stormwater runoff
site
BMPs
Local pipe
Watershed BMPs
Storm water train
Watershed creek
Greywater collector
S Basin BMPs
ensiute
Sewer line
bed
BMPs
Sewer pit
bed
Meet criteria
The State Environment Protection Policies (SEPPs) require stormwater quality treatment to be undertaken in Victoria. Solid cannot exceed the 90th percentile of 80 mg/L, TP base flow concentration not to exceed 0.08 mg/L, TN base flow concentration not to exceed 0.9 mg/L.
Name: Tiantong Zou________________________
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number:_901114___________________
Assignment 1
David Ritter
Date: 1 Sep 2018
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
6. Water recycling and drainage
Hydronic in slab
Hydronic panel Very expensive
Expensive
Capital cost Operational cost
Low
Forced air system
Heating and cooling accounts for 59% energy use in a home in Melbourne. Choosing a well-designed heating system is important to help save energy bill and give comfort to the family living space.
Radiant floor system
Cheaper than electrical heating system High
Moderate
Zoning possible
Zoning
Cheap
Can be quite cheap if using renewables
Can be quite cheap if using renewables
Reactivity
Central gas heating
Zoning possible
I designed a hydronic heating system in slabs for Cockatto house. Concerned about its cool sea breeze all year round, Cockatto house needs an effective heating strategy to keep the inside space warm in winter. Hydronic heating system with hot water pipes could create a nice, even and costant temperature without any dust or drafts. The heating pipes cost much money to install, but after its installation, it is very efficient and cost-effective. Heating specific zoning could also help to save more energy. Hydronic heating system combines radient heating, convective heating and conductive heating together to create comfort living space for a home.
Zoning not possible
Maintenance
Care must be taken not to burst pipes in slabs
Pipes have to be flushed occasionally
Diffusers have to be cleaned as dust will collect
Inertia
High, because of high thermal mass of concrete slab
Moderate, depends on thermal mass of house
Moderate, depends on thermal mass of house
Comfort
Very comfortable radiant heat. No draft or dust.
Very comfortable radiant heat. No draft or dust.
Source of energy
Electricity, gas, solar, geothermal or combination
Impact on layout
No impact whatsover
Others
Can not be retrofitted
Electricity, gas, solar, geothermal or combination
Dry, drafty and dusty. Can cause allergies Can only be gas Image 2 If diffusers are through the floor, can be intrusive
Intrusive several panels needed for larger spaces
Comparing between forced air system and radiant floor system, a forced-air system heats the room from the ceiling down, suffering big losses. A radient floor system heats the room from the floor up, saving energy and creating an even and comfort temperature.
Very difficult to retrofit
HWS
Table 1
kitchen/dining Solar collector Storage tank
living
Legand bed
Slab perimeter
Gas Boiler Radient Floor bath
HWS
Hot water system
ensiute bed
Image 1
bed
Hydronic in slab heating system is the choice for Cockatoo house, solar heating is the main source of energy, combining with gas heating as a back-up. Water circulation pipes are well insulated. Exterior walls behind panels are insulated to prevent heat loss to the outside.
Reference: Image 1, http://www.uniformcollateraldataportal.info/hydronic-furnace/hydronic-furnace-hydronic-heating-hvac-mechanical-pinterest/ Image 2, http://blog.thesietch.org/2007/02/28/ask-the-sietch-easy-cheap-solar-heat/ Table 1, ebs TV.
Name: Tiantong Zou________________________
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number:_901114___________________
Assignment 1
David Ritter
Date: 1 Sep 2018
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
7. Heating
Evaporative cooler Capital cost Operational cost Reactivity Zoning Maintenance Inertia
Comfort
Fan
Relatively cheap
Can be very cheap
Cheap
Relatively cheap Cheap, because units usually have high efficiencies
Very cheap
Moderate, works better when it is hot and dry
Limited effect
High
Zoning possible
Zoning possible Water inside the unit needs to be tipped regularly
Dust off blades occasionally
Moderate, depends of thermal mass of house
None
Ceiling fan and evaporative coolers work together as a cooling system for Cockatoo house. Fans can circulate air, but cannot reduce temperature or humidity. The airflow of fans could improve the comfort similarly as reducing the temperature around 3 degrees. However, in Melbourne’s summer, there are many 40 degrees days. The Ng’s often have a party and they like a really cool inside space in summer. Fan cooling system is not enought, so it works with an evaporative cooling system together in Cockatoo house. Evaporative coolers absorb hot dry air outside and adds moisture to the inside space. Fans could increase the air movement of evaporative coolers and they work together to create a nice, cool and humid inside space.
Reverse Cycle AC
Fan
Cool humid air
Hot dry outside air
Zoning possible Filters need to be cleaned regularly Moderate, depends on thermal mass of house
Moderate, drafty, but air Comfortable, adds moisture to air on dry days movement is desirable with fans
Image 1
Dry, drafty and smelly if not cleaned regularly
Source of energy
Can only be electricity
Impact on layout
Non-intrusive, but windows need to be opened to work
Can be intrusive, ceiling fans can conflict with lighting
Not intrusive, but indoor unit can be unsightly
Others
Uses a lot of water
Does not create actual cooling, but a cooling effect through evaporative
Units can be used for both heating and cooling
Can only be electricity
Mostly electricity
Pump to circulate water through filter
In addition, it is important to combine cooling system and passive design strategies together to save energies for Cockatoo house. Insulation and window shading work together with ceiling fans to create a cool living environment in summer. Planting vegetation around the house could also help to keep cool in hot summer period.
Evaporative cooler absorbs outside hot dry air through wate filter and fan to create cool and humid air into the home. It is the best choice for hot dry climate districts, such as Melbourne. Because it has greater potential to absorb water vapour.
Table 1 kitchen/dining Hot air exausted through skylight
Roof shading reduces heat
living
Legand Cool air created by evaporative cooler
bed
Cool sea breezes from open window creates a cross ventilation
Wall insulation plantings gives Protection from hot wind
Ceiling fan Evaporative cooling unit (on roof )
bath
Evaporative cooler vent
ensiute White Aeroblade Breeze 48"1200mm 3 Blade Ceiling Fan The powerful yet energy efficient motor combined with its 12 degree pitched blades results in a quiet operation at both low and high speeds without compromising air movement. Motor Wattage (high speed) 60 W
bed bed
Reference: Image 1, Energy heating and cooling, Your Home, p319. Table 1, ebs TV, Episode 2.
Name: Tiantong Zou________________________
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number:_901114___________________
Assignment 1
David Ritter
Date: 2 Sep 2018
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
8. Cooling
Image 1
There is a lack of bushfire proof.
Using bushfire resistant windows and doors, Using earth shading
Image 2
Glazing door might get too much heat kitchen/dining
kitchen/dining
living
living
bed
bed
bath
Roof could be mutiple uses
Using heavy drapes to trap still air between the glass and drape. It works as an insulator to reduce heat flowing into the house by convection.
bath
ensiute
ensiute
bed
bed
Green roof contributes to ecologically responsible buildings, could also create an insulation to the roof to avoid heatwave
bed
bed
Plants Growing medium Filter cloth Drainage layer Root barrier Waterproof membrane Reference: Image 1, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/feb/09/bushfire-proof-houses-black-saturday-innovations. Image 2, https://www.ogotobuy.com/heavy-blackout-polka-dot-and-striped-curtains-in-champagne-p-1296.html.
Name: Tiantong Zou________________________
Environmental Building Systems ABPL20036
Student Number:_901114___________________
Assignment 1
David Ritter
Date: 2 Sep 2018
Scale: 1:100 @ A3
N
9. Design For Resilience
Environmental Building Systems - ABPL20036 Semester 2 - 2018
First Rate Energy Assessment Project Information
Walls
Mode Climate Site Exposure Client Name Rated Address Accredited Rater Date
New Home 21 Melbourne RO Suburban The Ngs
Type Reverse Brick Veneer Internal Plasterboard Stud Wall Brick Veneer
Area (m2) 73.9 75.9
R5.0 R3.5 R3.5
62.3
Floors
Tiantong Zou 15/08/2018
Type AAC75: AAC 75mm62.3
Energy Usage Mode
Energy (MJ/m2)
Insulation R3.0
Area (m2)
Ventilation encl
92.7
Roof/Ceiling
51.8
Total Heating Cooling
Insulation
Type
41.7 10.2
Insulation R3.5
HiVent:Attic-Highly Vented
Area (m2) 92.7
Areas Area Net Conditioned Floor Area (NCFA) Unconditioned Room Area Garage Area
Windows
Size (m2)
Type
86.5
TIM-006-02 W Timber B DG Argon Fill Tint-Clear
41.7 10.2
TIM-006-04 W Timber B DG Argon Fill Low Solar Gain
Zones
Window Directions Zone
Kitchen/Dining Living Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 WC Laundry Ensuite Bathroom Hallway
Student Name:
Area (m2) 12.1 24.2 10.6 11.1 13.6 1.5 3.0 3.4 4.7 8.4
Heating (MJ/m2) 19.2 10.7 73.5 34.2 71.4 0 112.9 35.0 0 111.3
Tiantong Zou
U-value 2.50 2.00
Total Heating (MJ) 500.1 584.2 780.6 380.5 971.7 0 342.1 119.1 0 932.3
Cooling (MJ/m2) 9.8 10.0 20.9 2.5 7.4 0 0.5 0.5 0 6.5
Total Cooling (MJ) 351.2 366.1 222.5 27.6 101.3 0
Direction N
Area (m2) 5.5
Direction E
Area (m2) Direction S 3.7
1.5 1.8 0 54.6
Student Number:
901114
Final Star Rating:
8.1
SHGC 0.28 0.23
Area (m2) 6.3
Direction W
Area (m2) 16.92 2.26
Area (m2) 3.6