Studio Air Part B

Studio Air P-2 Student: Ray Gong 2017 S2 Tutor: M.Khorasgani

Content - Part B Criteria Design B-1 RESEARCH FIELD B-2 CASE STUDY 1 B-3. CASE STUDY 2 B-4 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT B-5 TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPING B-6 TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL B-7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES B-8 APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCH

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B. ONE

RESEARCH FIELD

Patterning History

Paramatric

Historically patterning design are used in many things in daily life such as pottery, textile and architecture. An example of patterning architecture is traditional oriental style architecture used in temples (see fig 1).

Patterning is parametric in nature. Whether it includes perforation or transforming an elements in either repetitive or predictable manner. The benefit of using algorithmic design over traditional means of 3d modelling allows the designer to speed things up, but most importantly generate things that are very difficult to without algorithmic software such as grasshopper. This is the reason why algorithmic software is so beneficial for generative patterns.

The patterns used in these architecture can be seen both inside and outside of the buildings such as the exterior roofing decorations.

Structural members are part of the patterning in architecture, this became more common when steel construction was used more often in modern era. An example of structural architecture is Eiffel tower (see fig 2).

I hope to patterning in form of generative design and hope to take inspiration from both architecture precedences and other sources such as textile patterning for my part B and C project.

In contemporary architecture patterning in architecture serves both as structural component or purely ornamental in The function of Ornament as “complex tilings, and structural patterns are some examples of our contemporary ornaments�.*

*. Eric Goldemberg, Pulsation In Architecture ([Ft. Lauderdale (Fla.)]: J. Ross, 2012), p. 16.

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Fig 1. Korean Temple<https://goo.gl/uuAhQp> [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 2. Eiffel Tower Close Up <https://goo.gl/8HcEKJ> [accessed 27 August 2017]..

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B. ONE

PRECEDENT

Project Name: Louis Vuitton Matsuya Ginza Facade Renewal Architects: Jun Aoki & Associates Location: Tokyo, Japan Year: 2013 Louis Vuitton facade is inspired by the history of art deco design in Ginza area. The patter used is related to edo komon patterns, the pattern of traditional Tokyo. The pattern is highly abstracted and stylised to fit the “modern” atmosphere of Ginza (see fig 2).

What is very interesting to me is the reactive nature of the patterned facade not kinetically, but rather the reaction to lighting. Looking at the building during day time the layering of dimples and patterning give bigger feel of depth and volume even thought it is relatively speaking thin.

This give the facade various appearance under different lightning conditions by either sun, surrounding artificial lighting or lighting within itself.* The reactive lighting is more noticeable during night time as artificial lightning behind frontal layer of patterning lights up (see fig 4&5), rendering another expression reminiscent of Louis Vuitton’s monogram.

*. “Louis Vuitton Matsuya Ginza Facade Renewal / Jun Aoki & Associates”, Archdaily, 2017 <https://goo.gl/KwFRXV> [accessed 14 September 2017].

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Fig 3. Daici Ano, LV Ginza day<https://goo.gl/7wUGJ7> [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 4. Daici Ano, LV Ginza night<https://goo.gl/7wUGJ7> [accessed 28 August 2017].

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Fig 5. Daici Ano, LV Ginza night close up<https://goo. gl/7wUGJ7> [accessed 28 August 2017].

B.TWO

CASE STUDY 1

Project Name: De Young Museum Architects: Herzog de Meuron Location: San Francisco, USA Year: 2005 De Young is a fine arts museum located in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park. The museum is named after its founder, M.H. de Young a journalist and businessman. The museum was opened in 1895 and was rebuilt in 2005. The new De Young Museum is designed by Herzog de Meuron and Fong & Chan and constructed in 2005. A interesting fact about the materiality of this facade is the usage of copper facade which would slowly change its colour to green due to oxidation and blend into natural surrounding. The reactive usage of material would be a factor I need to current and next project.*

The goal of case study is to examine the provided grasshopper algorithm and modify to generate new possibilities out of the script. I have chosen De Young museum due to its interesting use of both perforation and lofting on a skin over the a structural frame.

The exterior skin is covered by a parametric patterning design which consist of perforation and repeating lofted elements of circular patterns.

From my educated guess without looking at the script I believe the factor that determines the patterning is most likely uses image sampling. It is also possible that the design utilise some form of curve attractor.

*. “M.H. De Young Museum / Herzog & De Meuron”, Archdaily, 2010 <https://goo.gl/zNN7Me> [accessed 14 September 2017].

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Fig 6. De Young Museum <https://goo.gl/Su3iVJ> [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 7. Close up Patterning <https://goo.gl/cmavvD > [accessed 28 August 2017].

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Species 1

ITERATION MATRIX

(Pattern) Pseudo random number generator to determin the height.

Shape of circular also changed to hexagon.

Species 2 (Pattern) Curve attractor the scale the pattern.

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Species 3 (Perforation) Reverse Height using expression designer.

If(x>y, x*-1, x*1)

Species 4 (Perforation) Height determined using image sampler brightness to determine the height.

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Species 5

ITERATION MATRIX

(Patterning) Using image sampler to extrude the patterning using square shape.

Species 6 (Perforation) Curve Attractor using the peforation script.

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Species 7 (Perforation) Using specie 7 I have connected the curve attractor with a line forming a frame like shape.

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a

SELECTION CRITERIA

Adaptable & Movement

Shading system

Pathway

The selection of these two design I wanted to emulate adaptability and movement.

For this specific example, I wanted to emulate movement without any kinetic movements in this early stage of the project.

The second selection based on these two criteria was for a pathway in a building.

The discs shaped pattern are either suspended from roof or proped up by a lightweight material to emulate levitation.

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a Constructability

Roof structure

Frame structure

The roof structure is determined by image samplier. The pattern elements can be constructed out of light weight frames suspended from roof.

This selection was to be used for a frame structure for a canopy roof. Just like the last example, it have more constructability over the first two choices.

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B.THREE

CASE STUDY 2

Project Name: Aqua Tower Architects: Studio Gang Location: Chicago, USA Year: 2009 The design is inspired by striated limestone outcroppings common in the Great Lakes area (see fig 9 and 10). The purpose of the design is to simulate the natural shape of the limestone and maximise solar shading and minimise visual obstructions. The building is 82- story mixed-use residential tower and 250m tall.

In its core the building is essentially a contouring on each floor on the facade. The process involved in grasshopper can involve in mixture of extruding a basic shapes then repeating the extruded element by specified spaces, in this case its directly related to number of floors and it also can act as a balcony (see fig 8).

These parameters achieved a sculpture look of the building while retaining performance requirement needed solar shading and minimum visual obstructions.

Fig 8. Hedrich Blessing , Balcony <https://goo.gl/t8Z4qa> [accessed 7 September 2017].

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Fig 9. Hedrich Blessing , Striated limestone <https://goo.gl/ t8Z4qa> [accessed 7 September 2017].

Fig 10. Hedrich Blessing , Aqua Tower <https://goo.gl/ t8Z4qa> [accessed 7 September 2017].

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B.THREE REVERSE ENGINEER Surface is created as starting point for the waves.

Surface

Curve is created on the surface

Curve on surface

The curve is projected ou and extruded.

Project curves

Extrude Surface

Loft surface between curve

Surface

Same step as above

Surface

Same step as above

Surface

Same step as above [15]

ut

e

Replicate the steps for other sides and join them.

Trim the unwanted area to join 4 sides.

Trim Solid

Note For upose of clarity only the balcony pattern is reverse engineered. The empty area in the middle represents the building itself.

Join

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ITERATION MATRIX

Species 1 These iterations are generated by scaling the size of frontal and back curves of the curve.

Species 2 These iterations are generated by changing the X,Y projection into Z projection creating a shape that follow the surface in a circular fashion.

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B.FOUR

Species 3 These iterations are generated by trimming solid of the pattern.

Species 4 These iterations are generated by controlling the curve with a slider to adjust their movements.

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ITERATION MATRIX

Species 1 These iterations are generated by curve with a slider to adjust their movements but keeping the back projection curve the same and adjusting the number of curves.

Species 2 These iterations are generated by changing the overall shape of the pattern and then trimming any unwanted areas, creating a tubular type of shape.

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SELECTION CRITERIA

Adaptable & Movement I have reduced the selection criteria of constructability. This is because I during the in class feedback we were encouraged to not do things because it is easy. The interim presentation feedback told our class as hole, to figure out complicated design even if they fail, it is much more exciting.

Although these selections ultimately did not ended up in my design, the core concept of movement did end up in my final design proposal.

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B.FIVE

ABBOTSFORD CONVENT

Brief History The Abbotsford Convent is located on part of the traditional lands of the Wurundjeri people. The nearby junction of the Merri Creek and Yarra River at Dights Falls continues to be an important meeting place for the Central Victorian Tribes, who are known as the Kulin Nation. Four nuns from the Order of the Good Shepherd arrived in Melbourne to establish a convent where they could care for women in need. After much deliberation, the nuns sold the site. The area was divided from the main site and became the Collingwood Children’s Farm. The School of Early Childhood Development and Lincoln Institude became part of La Trobe University and in 1989 new apartment where it would take over the historic site. Community activism saved the heritage site from redevelopment and is now transformed into a site for arts, educational, cultural and tourism.*

*. “Timeline”, Abbotsford Convent <https://goo.gl/wf7fby> [accessed 14 September 2017].

Fig 11. Abbotsford Convent cinema event <https://goo. gl/7mBxou> [accessed 7 September 2017].

B.FIVE

PROTOTYPE

The initial prototyping were focused mostly on using the algorithmic sketch of my other group partners.

However, they were lacking in term of reasoning for using this pattern. Also it lacked site context.

The technique of these are bio-mimicry, however I believe these are more patterning than bio-mimicry.

However, these test did result in useful data finding.

What we learned is these can act as canopy for a frame structure for our shading element. We settled to use triangular shape as canopy overall shape as it is very versatile, and it can form geometric shapes appearing in nature such as honey come hexagon.

This image shows the potential of laying multiple layers on the triangular module. The next stage is to design a joint system to hold the canopy up. I volunteered as the person designing this joint.

The joint was not very successful as it is very rigid and not versatile. Most importantly it didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t reflect our tutorial design philosophy of responsive skin.

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Development from Algorithmic sketches This series of iteration developed from is from algorithmic sketch I showed in class.

The tutor highly recommended me to make further developments to incorporate my patterning elements into the design of our prototyping. I decided to design a single module able to emulate the shapes of the iteration. It as to be capable to becoming a Rhombus shape.

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B.SIX

Layout Plans

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Proposal

Fig xx. Single Modules (unmodified and laid flat)

Fig xx. SITE context

The proposed design is uses my algorithmic iteration as the coverage area for the shading element. My original intention for the design is to use my patterning as the frame and layout for the canopy that came up by other two team members. However, it did not work out entirely in the prototyping stage. We decided to use this one for our early proposal.

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B.SIX

The images demonstrate the capabilities of the modules fabricated. The joint is relatively simple and the lowered tolerance of the joint allows wide array of movement shown in the images.

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MODULE DETAIL

These last series of images show the intended layout of a hexagonal shape produced in previous layout plan. This is successfully in term of concept, however due to the tolerance of the join to allow flexibility made the frames very slightly wobbly and less accurate.

In part C, tolerance will be increased to produce higher consistencies and possibly add more joint.

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B.SEVEN

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Objective 1-5 Primary Learning Outcomes So far the subject have been difficult yet extremely rewarding due to high technical skill requirement. In Part B we were taught to critically justify and “interrogat[ing] a brief” (objective 1). This objective was achieved.

We were given ample opportunity to learn parametric design through grasshopper and were tasked to generate over 100 iterations of designs. The second objective “an ability to generate a variety of design possibilities for a given situation” (objective 2) is achieved, but due to highly technical requirement, it will an on going effort throughout my career. Eventually we were broken into group for prototyping, this allowed us to realise our design from digital tools such as rhino and grasshopper into a real life model through digital fabrication and we gained “skills in various three dimensional media”(objective 3).

Architecture Studio Air by far is the most challenging and interesting studio subject in UNIMelb, it is also great to see lecturers and tutor to acknowledge the fact in lecture and given ample tutorial supports. In term of objective 4, I believe “an understanding of relationships between architecture and air” is about the exploration of iterations using both physical and digital models, and how they interact in the atmosphere. Our tutorial group design of reactive facade is particularly interesting, because it has the potential applies to any architectural project (Objective 4).

In case of critically justifying and interrogating a brief, it gave us the opportunity to critically think why we are doing things, and “the ability to make a case for proposals”. This is an important skill, as architects need to essentially “sell” or persuade their ideas. No matter how good your idea is, if you can’t communicate the idea, it will never be realised in real world. This is a skill I will keep developing in my career and this subject have provided me good starting point (Objective 5).

Objective 5-8 Additional Learning Outcomes Throughout the course, we are tasked to research precedents and encouraged to understand why we want to learn precedents, rather than just being an task. For example, how I can use this precedent in current project or even future development (Objective 6)?

Our tasks grows more and more challenging each weeks, with one iteration of my case study one, it took me almost an entire day to figure out how it works, eventually I realised the bottleneck of computer power and limitation of certain data structure isn’t efficient in what I want to do, it helped me to understand “advantages, disadvantages and areas of application” (Objective 7 & Objective 8)

Additional Notes Interim presentation was very important for us. It made me realise grasshopper is just a tool. Do not justify your design by saying I used grasshopper. Its more the reason why it matters. We must also be adaptable to throw out bad ideas and not tunnel vision, being an architect must be responsive.

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B.EIGHT

REFERENCES

References Goldemberg, Eric, Pulsation In Architecture ([Ft. Lauderdale (Fla.)]: J. Ross, 2012), p. 16 “Louis Vuitton Matsuya Ginza Facade Renewal / Jun Aoki & Associates”, Archdaily, 2017 <https://goo.gl/ KwFRXV> [accessed 14 September 2017] “M.H. De Young Museum / Herzog & De Meuron”, Archdaily, 2010 <https://goo.gl/zNN7Me> [accessed 14 September 2017] “Timeline”, Abbotsford Convent <https://goo.gl/wf7fby> [accessed 14 September 2017]

List of Figures.

Fig 1. Korean Temple<https://goo.gl/uuAhQp> [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 2. Eiffel Tower Close Up <https://goo.gl/8HcEKJ> [accessed 27 August 2017].

Fig 3. Daici Ano, LV Ginza day<https://goo.gl/7wUGJ7> [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 4. Daici Ano, LV Ginza night<https://goo.gl/7wUGJ7> [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 5. Daici Ano, LV Ginza night close up<https://goo.gl/7wUGJ7> [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 6. De Young Museum <https://goo.gl/Su3iVJ> [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 7. Close up Patterning <https://goo.gl/cmavvD > [accessed 28 August 2017].

Fig 8. Hedrich Blessing , Balcony <https://goo.gl/t8Z4qa> [accessed 7 September 2017].

Fig 9. Hedrich Blessing , Striated limestone <https://goo.gl/t8Z4qa> [accessed 7 September 2017].

Fig 10. Hedrich Blessing , Aqua Tower <https://goo.gl/t8Z4qa> [accessed 7 September 2017].

Fig 11. Abbotsford Convent cinema event <https://goo.gl/7mBxou> [accessed 7 September 2017].

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B.EIGHT

ALGORITHMIC SKETCH