WHAT TO SAY WORKBOOK

A SERMON SERIES SEPTEMBER 2024

WHAT TO SAY

A JOURNEY WITH PAUL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3 Series Introduction 4 About the Apostle Paul 6 Characteristics of Paul 7 What Characterizes You? 8 Paul’s First Missionary Journey 10 Paul’s Second Missionary Journey 12 Paul’s Third Missionary Journey 14 Themes And Topics of Paul’s Prayers 15 Your Prayer Prompt 16 What to Say 17 What Not to Say 18 Understanding Our Environment 20 Paul’s Journey to Cyprus and Galatia 22 The Jeruselum Council 23 Traditions and Customs 24 Paul’s Journey to Philippi 26 Paul’s Journey to Thessalonica and Berea 28 Paul’s Journey to Athens 30 Paul’s Journey to Corinth 32 Paul’s Journey to Ephesus 34 The Pauline Epistles 36 The Journey to Rome 38 Rome 39 The Transformative Nature of Jesus 40 Notes 46 Who Can You Pray For 47 Resources

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Series Introduction

When discussing our faith in Jesus, one of the biggest challenges is feeling confident when giving answers to questions. Put another way, we sometimes stress about What To Say. That’s why we wrote this series.

During this series, we’re using sermons, social media, online resources, podcast episodes, and this workbook to cover this topic from various angles. This approach means that if you only listen to the sermons or read the workbook, you’ll only get some of the information available. To help you out, we’ve centralized everything at www.whattosay.ca.

How to Use This Workbook

This workbook has two purposes: to provide information and background about Paul, his ministry, and the places he went and to encourage you to answer questions about yourself that will help you answer questions about your faith as they arise. These two purposes are broken into two sections.

The first section will parallel your journey with Paul’s as you discover that you have an impactful story to tell about your faith journey.

The second section expands on each sermon with deep questions intended to help you tell your faith story. Some of these questions are difficult and will require you to take time and effort to answer. We know you can do it!

There’s no “right way” to go through this workbook, but we encourage you to work through it slowly. You may need to return to ‘completed’ pages and fill in new information or thoughts. That’s good! It means that you learned something along the way you hadn’t considered before. By the end of this series, we hope you will have created a resource for yourself to refer back to for years to come.

The Personification of Paul’s Locations

When people give human characteristics to objects or places (the fancy English word for that is personification), it helps us see our humanity in the world around us. For this reason, on each stop along Paul’s missionary journeys, we’ve included a section titled “If (city) were a person, they would be…” We hope this helps you go beyond understanding a city’s geography and economy and gets you to know its personality and tendencies .

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ABOUT THE APOSTLE P The Apostle Paul, originally named Saul, was born in Tarsus, a city in modern-day Turkiye. He was a Jew of the tribe of Benjamin and held Roman citizenship by birth. Educated under Rabbi Gamaliel in Jerusalem, Saul was knowledgeable about Jewish law and traditions, identifying as a Pharisee and displaying passionate zeal for the Jewish faith.

Saul’s early life was marked by his intense persecution of early Christians, including approving the stoning of Stephen and seeking to arrest other believers.

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Saul’s conversion occurred on the road to Damascus, where he

intended to continue his persecution of Christians. He encountered a blinding light and heard Jesus’ voice asking, “Saul, why do you persecute me?” Blinded by the encounter, Saul was led to Damascus, where a disciple named Ananias healed him. Following his baptism, Saul began preaching about Jesus, marking the beginning of his transformation into the Paul we know today as Christianity’s most famous missionary.

Paul’s early ministry involved preaching in Damascus and Jerusalem, where he faced strong opposition. Commissioned by the

PAUL church in Antioch, Paul embarked on three missionary journeys, bringing the gospel to Jews and Gentiles. Following those missionary journeys, Paul was arrested.

While imprisoned in Caesarea, Paul defended himself before Felix, Festus, and King Agrippa.

Sent on to Rome to defend himself before Caesar, Paul’s journey as a prisoner included a shipwreck on Malta, during which he continued his ministry. In Rome, Paul spent two years under house arrest, where he boldly preached and taught about Jesus Christ without hindrance.

Paul’s early examples of sharing the gospel across multiple

cultural and theological settings give valuable insight into how we can continue to share the gospel message today.

For a deeper dive into the life of Paul, his theological conclusions and his experiences, we encourage you to read through the Book of Acts and the Pauline Epistles. For additional insights, we recommend Stanley E. Porter’s book The Apostle Paul, his life, thought and letters.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF PAUL There’s a lot we can learn about ourselves from looking at Paul. Below is a summary of some of the characteristics that helped Paul share the gospel in various contexts.

1. Education

Paul’s education gave him a deep understanding of Jewish law and traditions. This knowledge enabled him to connect with Jewish audiences and debate effectively in their synagogues. His familiarity with Scripture also allowed him to explain how Jesus fulfilled the prophecies, making his teachings compelling and authoritative.

2. Citizenship

Paul’s dual citizenship as a Roman and a Jew granted him unique advantages. His Roman citizenship provided legal protections and the ability to travel freely across the Roman Empire, while his Jewish heritage gave him credibility among Jewish communities.

3. Adaptability

Paul demonstrated remarkable adaptability in his ministry and tailored his message to his audience. In Athens, he engaged with Greek philosophers using their cultural references, while in Jewish contexts, he argued from the Scriptures in synagogues. This flexibility made his message accessible to various groups.

4. Perseverance

Paul faced numerous hardships, including persecution, imprisonment, and physical suffering. Despite these challenges, he remained steadfast in his mission. His resilience served as a powerful testimony to the Gospel’s transformative power.

5. Communication

Paul was a skilled communicator, able to articulate complex theological concepts in an understandable and relevant way. His letters to early Christian communities are filled with clear teachings, practical advice, and heartfelt encouragement.

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WHAT CHARACTERIZES YOU? Many people get caught up comparing themselves or their experiences with others, causing them to feel “less equipped” to know What To Say when someone has questions about Jesus. Using Paul’s characteristics as a framework or inspiration, not a comparison, fill in the same categories with experiences from your life.

1. Education

Take a holistic approach to this answer. Consider your formal education and what you’ve learned through job training, relationships, or 2 a.m. YouTube deep dives. If you learned it, it counts here!

2. Citizenship

This could be your nationality or where in the country you grew up. Growing up in Toronto or New York differs from growing up in Innerkip or Ellicottville.

How has your nationality or geographical setting influenced you?

3. Adaptability

Everyone experiences moments when they need to change something to fit a new context. Can you think of a story from your life like that?

4. Perseverance

Whether through school, work or relationships, you have stories of overcoming adversity and pushing through a difficult time. What are some of the most impactful ones?

5. Communication

You might not be a public speaker, but that doesn’t mean you aren’t a great communicator. What are a couple of subjects you know a lot about? When someone asks you about a subject you’re an expert in, how do you teach them about it?

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PAUL’S FIRST MISSIONARY JOURNEY Paul’s first missionary journey, detailed in Acts 13-14, began in Antioch (Syria), a bustling center of early Christianity. Accompanied

by Barnabas and John Mark, Paul set sail for Cyprus. They started in Salamis, preached in the Jewish synagogues and moved through the island to Paphos. In Paphos, Paul confronted a sorcerer named Elymas and blinded him, demonstrating God’s power and leading the Roman proconsul Sergius Paulus to convert to Christianity (Acts 13:4-12).

From Cyprus, they travelled to Pisidian Antioch. In the synagogue, Paul delivered a powerful sermon,

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connecting Jesus to the history and prophecies of Israel, emphasizing salvation through faith in Christ. This message attracted many Gentile converts but also stirred opposition from some Jewish leaders, resulting in their expulsion from the city (Acts 13:13-52).

Next, Paul and Barnabas preached in the synagogue in Iconium, resulting in a divided city. Faced with the threat of stoning, they fled to Lystra (Acts 14:1-7). In Lystra, Paul healed a man crippled from birth, which led the locals to worship Paul and Barnabas as gods mistakenly. Despite their efforts to correct this, Jews

from Antioch and Iconium incited the crowd to stone Paul, which he survived.

The journey continued to Derbe, where they made many disciples.

On their return journey, Paul and Barnabas revisited the cities of Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch, strengthening the disciples and appointing elders in each church (Acts 14:20-23).

Back in Antioch (Syria), they reported all God had done through them, highlighting the significant milestone of opening the door of faith to the Gentiles (Acts 14:26-28). This journey not only expanded the reach of Christianity but also established solid foundations for the early church across diverse regions.

REFLECT ON THE BEGINNING OF YOUR JOURNEY By the time Paul started on his “Missionary Journey,” he had already gained a lot of education and life experience. He used that experience to travel through different cities and teach about Jesus. Answer the following questions about your journey in life so far. Focus on important details, and consider what parts of your story would be relatable to others.

When did you first hear about the gospel message or Jesus?

What was your reaction?

There are many places to learn about God (scripture, prayer, church, online, friends, media).

Answer the following question honestly: What are your primary and secondary sources right now? Have they changed over time?

How have the “stops” along your journey influenced your faith? These could be physical stops, like moving to a new city, or emotional stops, like a marriage, an exciting milestone, or a death in the family).

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PAUL’S SECOND MISSIONARY JOURNEY Paul’s second missionary journey (Acts 15:36-18:22) began in Antioch with Silas after a disagreement with Barnabas. In Lystra, they met Timothy, a young disciple Paul decided to take along and teach how to share the Gospel with others.

In Philippi, a leading city in Macedonia, Paul and Silas preached and saw Lydia, a merchant, and her household converted and baptized (Acts 16:9-15). They also cast out a spirit from a slave girl, which led to their imprisonment after her owners accused them of causing economic loss. While imprisoned, an

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earthquake freed them, converting the jailer and his household in the process. (Acts 16:16-34).

In Thessalonica, they preached in the synagogue for three Sabbaths, persuading some Jews and many God-fearing Greeks. However, opposition arose, forcing them to flee to Berea (Acts 17:1-10). In Berea, they found a more receptive audience, but Jews from Thessalonica stirred up trouble, causing Paul to move on to Athens (Acts 17:11-15).

In Athens, Paul engaged with philosophers at the Areopagus, using

their cultural references to present the Gospel. Some mocked him, but others, including Dionysius and Damaris, believed (Acts 17:16-34).

Paul then travelled to Corinth, where he stayed for a year and a half, working as a tentmaker and preaching the Gospel. Despite opposition, many Corinthians believed and were baptized, including Crispus, the synagogue leader (Acts 18:1-11).

Paul’s journey concluded with a brief stay in Ephesus, where he promised to return, and then he travelled back to Caesarea and finally to Antioch (Acts 18:18-22).

YOUR JOURNEY CONTINUES Some people Paul encountered were excited to hear the gospel, and some were angry he taught things that disrupted cultural norms. Most often, the trouble didn’t come from the Gentiles (those who didn’t believe in God) but from the Jews (those who already did).

Answer the following questions. Are any of Paul’s experiences relatable?

Has anyone ever “taken you on” to help you learn something new? Maybe it was an apprenticeship for work or a mentorship in life. If you have one of each, consider reflecting on both.

Name a time you’ve encountered other Christians who seem more intent on getting in the way of the gospel message (by accident or on purpose) because of their agenda or fear. What was your experience in that setting?

In addition to sharing the gospel, Paul had a trade (he was a tentmaker). It helped him move around and sustain his living conditions. What’s your trade, role or job? Have you considered what role your job has in helping you share the message of Jesus?

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PAUL’S THIRD MISSIONARY JOURNEY Paul’s Third Missionary Journey (Acts 18:23-21:16) began with Paul focused on strengthening the disciples in the regions he had previously visited. He travelled through Galatia and Phrygia, encouraging the believers and solidifying the foundations of the early church (Acts 18:23).

Paul spent a significant portion of this journey in Ephesus, a major city in Asia Minor known for its commercial and cultural significance. Paul taught in the synagogue and then in the lecture hall of Tyrannus for about two years, reaching both Jews and Greeks. The impact of his work led

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many to renounce their occult practices, symbolized by the burning of their scrolls, and significantly diminished the local idol trade, causing economic upheaval (Acts 19:18-20).

The resulting economic disruption provoked a riot led by the silversmith Demetrius, whose livelihood depended on making silver shrines of Artemis. The riot highlighted the tension between the growing Christian movement and the established pagan practices (Acts 19:23-41).

After the uproar in Ephesus, Paul travelled through Macedonia, encouraging the believers in cities like

Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea (Acts 20:1-2).

Paul spent three months (likely in Corinth), where he wrote the Epistle to the Romans, outlining critical theological concepts. A plot against his life forced Paul to change his plans, leading him to retrace his steps through Macedonia.

Returning to Asia, Paul made a heartfelt farewell speech to the Ephesian elders, expressing his deep concern for the church’s future and warning them about false teachers (Acts 20:17-38).

YOUR JOURNEY CONTINUES Paul’s Third Missionary Journey was highlighted by major economic disruptions due to cultural shifts caused by Christianity and the establishment of essential theological truths that we continue to depend on today. Answer the following questions below to help you remember these types of experiences in your life.

Have you ever experienced “disruptive” changes due to the gospel message? These could be changes in relationship dynamics with others, moving jobs or schools because of an environment you were no longer comfortable in, or a loss of security in some way.

Where did you first learn about the core theological truths of Christianity? Do you believe those sources were reliable, or did you eventually search for something else? Give a detailed answer.

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THEMES AND TOPICS OF PAUL’S PRAYERS

Throughout his Journey, Paul’s prayers show common themes. Here are a few examples.

Wisdom and Revelation

Paul prays for the Ephesians to have the Spirit of wisdom and revelation so they would know God better. (Eph 1:16-19)

Strength and Love

Paul prays for the Ephesians to be strengthened with power through the Spirit so they can grasp the love of Christ. (Eph 3:14-19)

Spiritual Growth and Knowledge

Paul prays for the Philippians’ love to abound in knowledge and depth of insight (Phil 1:9-11) and for the Colossians to be filled with the knowledge of God’s will (Col 1:9-12).

Unity and Encouragement

Paul prays in Romans for believers to have a spirit of unity to glorify God with one heart and voice (15:5-6) and to be filled with joy, peace and hope as they trust in God by the power of the Holy Spirit (15:13).

Perseverance and Faithfulness

Paul prays for God to count the Thessalonians worthy of His calling, to fulfill every good purpose and act prompted by faith (2 Thess 1:11-12) and for give the Thessalonians peace at all times and in every way (2 Thess 3:16).

For Protection and Deliverance

Paul prays for deliverance from peril (2 Cor 1:10-11), protection from unbelievers in Judea, and his service in Jerusalem to be acceptable to the saints there (Rom 15:30-31).

For Blessings and Grace

Paul prays for the Thessalonians to be sanctified and kept blameless at the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ (1 Thess 5:23-24) and for “The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ (to) be with you” at the beginning of almost every letter he writes.

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Wisdom and Revelation Strength and Love Spiritual Growth and Knowledge Unity and Encouragement

YOUR PRAYER PROMPT

Using inspiration from the themes of Paul’s Prayers, create your prompts using the categories below. Consider how you’d like God to intervene in your life in these categories.

Perseverance and Faithfulness For Protection and Deliverance For Blessings and Grace

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WHAT TO SAY

Often, people don’t know What to Say because they don’t know where to start and/or because they struggle to (or choose not to) see other people’s perspectives. We hope that by following these four steps, you’ll always have something helpful to say, even when you don’t have all the answers!

Find Out what Question they are really asking.

One of the fascinating things about relationship dynamics is that people often ask one thing when they want to ask something else. Sometimes, it’s a test balloon before the real question comes; other times, they don’t know how to ask for the information they want. Before diving into any answer, ask three to five follow-up questions about their question.

This helps you clarify their needs and pushes you towards active listening.

Examples: “Have you been experiencing that?” “What inspired you to think about God in this context?” “Is this something you’re curious about or struggling with?”

Express Foundational Biblical Truths Surrounding that Topic The beauty of Scripture is that it covers almost every topic directly or indirectly.

Use your knowledge of Scripture to establish the centre of your answer. If you don’t know about a particular topic, join the club; we’ve got membership cards!

You don’t need to be a biblical scholar to start an answer with “Here’s what (blank) Scripture says about (blank)...”

Just be honest!

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Give a personal example or experience.

Lean into a time when you considered the same question and discuss the highs or lows you experienced. Has someone walked you through this question before? What happened in your life that solidified that Scripture for you?

Ask a great follow-up question to make sure they understand your answer.

You might think you gave a good answer, but you’re not done yet if they didn’t understand it. Ask them to respond to your answer or ask a deeper question. If you discover something you both don’t know, that’s a good time to say so and commit to finding them an answer.

Bonus: If you really, really don’t know what to say, say this: “I honestly don’t know how to answer that question, but I’d be happy to help you find the answer .”It’s simple, honest, and keeps the conversation going. You nailed it!

WHAT NOT TO SAY In a series focused on What To Say, we wanted to take a moment to highlight What NOT To Say when someone asks you a deep question about God. Some of these should be no-brainers, but because we’ve heard them all before, here are a few things you should avoid if you ever want someone to ask you about Jesus again.

“You Should Start By Reading the New Testament” Sometimes, someone will ask you a tricky question about something they’re reading in the Old Testament, like why everyone died in The Food (Genesis 6) or why David was celebrated for killing Goliath if murder is a sin (1 Samuel 17).

When you’re up against a difficult story, waving your hands and shouting, “Hey! Hey! Don’t think about that! Look over here instead!” isn’t a good plan. They will look in another direction, either away from you or from learning about God. Not ideal.

“Clearly You Don’t Understand The Bible”

You might not phrase it like this, but at some point, you’ve wanted to say this or something like it. However accurate this might be, it’s important to remember something: if someone has asked you a question, they already know they don’t understand the Bible. That’s why they’re talking to you! By pointing it out, you will either appear to be elevating yourself or pushing them down. Please resist the temptation to be the expert in the room and instead walk through their question with grace and patience.

“That’s not important.”

No matter how insignificant something might seem to you, if someone is asking you the question, it’s significant to them. By leading with (or inserting the phrase) “that’s not important,” you’re saying, “Your question isn’t important.” The only situation where this answer works is if you never want them to ask you another question about Christ again.

“I don’t know, but I’ll find out.”

This should go without saying, but if you never plan on finding out or think you’ll forget, don’t say this. If you don’t plan on answering the question, at least be honest and maintain your integrity.

Has anyone ever given a terrible answer to one of your questions? What was it?

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UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT

More Similar Than we Realize.

It’s important to remember that though Paul’s journey of spreading the gospel happened over 2000 years ago, there are similarities between those who heard about Jesus in his time and those who hear about Jesus today.

Here are four ways that we might be more similar than you first thought.

Pluralism and Diverse Beliefs:

In the 1st century AD, the Roman Empire was characterized by religious pluralism, with a multitude of gods and spiritual practices coexisting. This environment is similar to modern North America, where people adhere to various religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and numerous new spiritual movements, as well as atheism and agnosticism. This diversity can create confusion and make it challenging for individuals to navigate their spiritual journeys as they are bombarded with multiple belief systems.

Self-Reliance in Seeking Truth:

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In both eras, a strong emphasis on individualism and the personal quest for truth exists. In the Greco-Roman world, various philosophical schools encouraged people to seek wisdom and understanding

through reason and personal exploration. Similarly, in North America today, there is a significant trend towards self-reliance in finding truth and meaning, with many people exploring spirituality, self-help philosophies, and personal development as pathways to understanding life’s big questions.

Intellectual Skepticism and Critique of Religion:

In Paul’s time, intellectual skepticism was a significant force, with various philosophers and thinkers critiquing traditional religious beliefs and practices. We’re experiencing this today as well, with widespread skepticism towards organized religion fueled by scientific advancements, secularism, critical thinking and various scandals within religious institutions. Many people question religious authority and seek “evidence-based” understanding, leading to a critical stance towards religious doctrines.

Answer the following questions honestly about how today’s cultural and Early Christians, including Paul, faced religious environment persecution and marginalization influences your ability to within the Roman Empire. While the share the gospel message. context is different today, certain Persecution and Marginalization of Certain Beliefs:

religious and moral beliefs in North America can lead to social marginalization or backlash, especially when they clash with mainstream cultural values or progressive ideologies. This can create an environment where holding certain religious convictions requires resilience and a willingness to face potential social consequences.

One Big Difference

What do you think Paul’s biggest challenge in sharing the gospel was?

What do you think is the biggest challenge in sharing the gospel in North America today?

What is one thing that would make sharing the gospel easier, in your opinion?

Of course, there is one significant difference between the two time periods that we can’t ignore.

In Paul’s context, people were hearing about Jesus for the first time! There hadn’t been any Christians or Christian churches yet.

You’re not alone if you’re wondering how Paul managed to travel all those years without The Gaithers and Keith Green on his Walkman! Talk about being built differently!

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PAUL’S JOURNEY TO CYPRUS AND GALATIA Cyprus

Cyprus was an important island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, known for its strategic location and cultural diversity. It was a Roman province with a mix of Greek and Roman influences. The island’s economy was primarily based on agriculture, mining, and trade, making it a bustling hub of commercial activity.

Cyprus had a diverse population, including Jews and Gentiles, which provided rich ground for early Christian missionary work.

If Cyprus were a Person, they would be:

1st Century Personification: An Island Navigator 21st Century Personification: An Adventurous Entrepreneur or travelling salesperson who frequently travels, embraces new technologies and business cultures, and is adept at connecting with diverse communities.

Galatia

Galatia, located in what is now central Turkiye, was a region characterized by a mix of ethnic groups and cultures. It was initially settled by Celtic tribes known as the Galatians, who brought their distinct culture and language. Over time, Galatia came under Roman control and was organized into a Roman province.

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The population was a blend of native Galatians, Greeks, and Romans.

The region’s economy was based on agriculture, trade, and local crafts. Paul visited Galatia during his missionary journeys and established several churches there. His letter to the Galatians addresses issues of faith and practice, emphasizing the importance of salvation through faith in Christ rather than adherence to the Mosaic Law.

If Galatia were a Person, they would be:

1st Century Personification: A Rugged Pioneer 21st Century Personification: A Resilient Community Organizer or Social Justice Warrior working in underserved areas, adapting to local needs, and driving social change despite challenges.

If You Want It Done Right, You Need To Do It Yourself Entrepreneurs and Activists have one thing in common: they see a problem and aren’t waiting for someone else to fix it.

Entrepreneurs

In 2023, over half the North American workforce was considered self-employed for the first time*. This means that more and more people aren’t relying on someone else to give them the perfect job; they’re making it themselves. Here are some traits that all entrepreneurs have in common:

Innovative: Embrace new ideas,

constantly looking for creative solutions.

Resourceful: Use what they have to get the job done.

Culturally Adaptive: Skilled in connecting with people from different backgrounds.

Risk-Takers: Willing to take calculated risks in pursuit of success.

Social Justice and Community Activists

Protests and justice issues have existed for centuries, but it’s never been easier to rally a group of people around a cause than it is today because of the internet. It can sometimes feel overwhelming, but Christians have always been called to serve those in need. Here are some traits that all activists have in common:

Adaptive: Adjust to meet the spe-

cific needs of various communities.

Persistent: Demonstrate determination in the face of challenges.

Collaborative: Work effectively with diverse groups, building strong relationships and fostering unity.

Visionary: Posses a clear vision and inspires others to work towards it.

Which of these characteristics do you share?

Which ones do you struggle with?

How can you relate the gospel message or Paul’s journey to these characteristics? Write down some ideas.

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THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL

As Paul and Barnabas preached the gospel, many Gentiles converted to Christianity. Since Christianity was seen as a sect of Judaism at the time, and because Gentile culture was very different from Jewish culture, these new converts were curious about Jewish traditions and customs, especially the practice of circumcision.

According to Jewish Law, circumcision was a vital practice, symbolizing the covenant between God and Abraham’s descendants.

However, this requirement became a point of contention between the Jewish Christians and the Gentile converts. Paul, Barnabas and other believers went to Jerusalem to consult with the apostles and elders to resolve this issue.

During the council, Peter reminded the assembly that God gave the Holy Spirit to the Gentiles just as He had to the Jews, indicating no distinction between them. He added that even the Jews had trouble following Jewish customs. Paul and Barnabas reported on God’s works among the Gentiles as a testament to the Holy Spirit’s movement in those communities.

Finally, James discerned the solution. He recognized that Gentiles should not be burdened with the entirety of the Mosaic Law but should follow a few essential guidelines in the interest of fostering unity. It was communicated to the Gentile believers through a letter, a pivotal moment that affirmed salvation through Jesus Christ which was accessible to all, regardless of cultural or ceremonial practices. It established a precedent for resolving doctrinal disputes within the early Christian community through communal discernment and the guidance of the Holy Spirit.

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TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS Everyone’s got’em The Jerusalem Council was convened to debate and discuss the differences between Christian Doctrine (teaching/instruction) and Jewish Law. It must have been a fascinating conversation to be a part of, as for the first time, every Jewish believer needed to consider how the arrival of the Messiah impacted their traditions and customs.

Today, our Christian Doctrine still comes from the same place Paul’s did, but we have also developed Traditions and Customs that are sometimes hard to separate from doctrine.

Consider the “worship wars” in the ‘90s, or online churches, as just a couple of examples.

What (non-religious) Traditions and Customs can you identify from your upbringing?

Examples could be not wearing your hat in a restaurant or what words were deemed acceptable/unacceptable in your home. List at least 5 - 8 examples from your own life.

What Christian (or religious) Traditions and Customs can you identify from your upbringing?

Examples could be praying at certain times of day, who you were allowed to be friends with or only being allowed to listen to Petra Praise (we see you there). List at least 5 - 8 examples from your own life.

What do you do when your Personal Traditions and Customs come into conflict with your Christian Traditions and Customs?

What Christian Tradition or Custom do you never, ever, ever, ever want to give up? Has that Tradition or Custom shaped your faith?

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PAUL’S JOURNEY TO PHILIPPI Philippi

Philippi, located in northeastern Greece, was a prominent city during the 1st and 2nd centuries. Founded

by King Philip II of Macedon in 356 BCE, it became a Roman colony after the Battle of Philippi in 42 BCE. This change granted its citizens privileges, such as Roman citizenship, making it an important administrative and military centre.

Philippi was a bustling city with a diverse population of Romans and Greeks. The city’s economy was bolstered by its strategic location on the Via Egnatia, a major Roman road that facilitated trade and travel across the Roman Empire. Philippi was known for its wealth, largely

derived from nearby gold mines and fertile agricultural land. Many Roman soldiers moved to Philippi in retirement, making it a city populated by patriots who had served their country and had well-established personal convictions about Caesar’s reign and Rome’s dominance being the best source of social order and prosperity.

There was also a significant Jewish community, as evidenced by a place of prayer by the river, where Paul first preached. His visit, recorded in Acts 16, marked the establishment of the first Christian church in Europe.

Paul’s relationship with the Philippian church was notably warm and supportive, as reflected in his Epistle to the Philippians.

If Philipi were a person, they would be:

1st Century Personification: A Roman Centurion or a Cosmopolitan Diplomat 21st-century Personification: A Military Veteran or Global Business Leader. A disciplined, patriotic individual who values order and structure and actively participates in community service and leadership.

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Walking on a well-worn path Most of us are just more comfortable paddling in the same old canoe.

Change is hard! That’s not to say we’re not open to it, but it does come with conditions. We’re usually okay with learning something new as long as it doesn’t disrupt our existing lifestyle or belief system. The thing is, Jesus’ arrival and gospel message were transformative by their nature. That might be why, no matter how good the Good News is, people have a hard time seeing it that way.

Don’t Miss This

It’s important to recognize the difference between the excitement of the gospel and the worry that it might change something. Sometimes, in conversation, worries come out as attacks. These questions should help you better recognize the difference.

Write about changes you’ve made to your lifestyle or beliefs.

What did it take to make those changes? Why were the most obvious ones still tricky?

Write down some changes you’ve made to your lifestyle because of your faith in Christ. Which ones were the easiest? Which ones were the hardest?

Can you think of a time that a decision you made caused changes, and someone reacted more to those changes than to the decision itself?

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PAUL’S JOURNEY TO THESSALONICA AND BEREA Thessalonica

Thessalonica was a major city in the Roman province of Macedonia, located along the Via Egnatia, the main Roman road connecting the Adriatic Sea to the Aegean Sea. Founded around 315 BCE and named after Thessalonike, the half-sister of Alexander the Great, it was a bustling commercial hub and the provincial capital, boasting a diverse population of Greeks, Romans, and Jews. Thessalonica’s prosperity stemmed from its excellent harbour, facilitating regional trade and commerce.

Paul visited Thessalonica during his second missionary journey and preached in the local synagogue, successfully converting many people to Christianity. However, his message also stirred opposition, and Paul was forced to flee the city.

If Thessalonica were a person, they would be:

1st Century Personification: A Busy Merchant 21 Century Personification: An Urban Professional, high-energy marketing manager or consultant in a major city, constantly engaging with new ideas and trends, thriving in a dynamic business environment.

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Berea

Berea, located in the Roman province of Macedonia, was a smaller city. Situated inland from the Via Egnatia, it was less prominent commercially but known for its serene and scholarly environment. While Berea lacked the commercial and political clout of Thessalonica, its importance lay in the receptive and diligent nature of its inhabitants.

In Acts 17, the Bereans are noted for their noble character and eagerness to examine the Scriptures. They received Paul’s message with an open mind, diligently searching the Scriptures daily to verify his teachings.

This attitude led to many conversions among both Jews and Greeks. The Berean church became known for its strong scriptural foundation and earnest pursuit of truth.

If Berea were a person, they would be:

1st Century Personification: A Noble Scholar

21st Century Personification:

An Academic Researcher or university professor dedicated to scholarly pursuits, open-minded, and deeply engaged in study and teaching.

Jealousy: The Green-Eyed Monster That Never Sleeps “O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on.”

Othello only fully understood the irony of those words once it was too late.

Iago’s deceit hid the truth, and Shakespeare’s most famous play ended with a sense of waste as the characters reflected on the devastating consequences of jealousy and manipulation.

For some people, like the Jews in Thessalonica who not only chased Paul and Silas out of town but followed them to Berea and continued to cause trouble for them there, they can’t get past their jealousy. We’ve all encountered them. And as much as it can be aggravating when we step back, it’s truly just sad. It’s no wonder Othello is one of history’s most famous literary tragedies.

Reflect on these questions as you consider What to Say to someone who might be depleted by jealousy and made you the target.

What are the primary forms of jealousy you’ve experienced?

How has it manifested itself in relationships you’ve been a part of?

Acts 17:5 says, ‘But other Jews were jealous.” What were they jealous of?

How can you ensure you know where someone’s jealousy is rooted so that you know What To Say next?

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PAUL’S JOURNEY TO ATHENS Athens

Athens was a city of great historical and cultural significance, even though its political power had waned since its classical peak. It was central to learning, philosophy, and the arts, and was renowned for its intellectual and cultural heritage. The city was also known for its numerous temples, theatres, and schools, including the Academy founded by Plato and the Lyceum founded by Aristotle. Despite being under Roman control during Paul’s time, it retained unusual autonomy and a steadfast commitment to its Greek culture.

eagerly discussed and debated.

Paul engaged with the Athenians at the Areopagus where he delivered his oratory, observing that they were so religious that they even had an idol dedicated to the “unknown god.” Paul used this religious openness to introduce the concept of the one true God of Christianity over and above the city’s numerous other idols.

Despite its reduced political influence, Athens has maintained its legacy as the cradle of Western civilization and exerted a significant cultural and educational influence on the world we experience today.

During Paul’s visit, Athens was a bustling metropolis with a population that included a mix of Greeks, Romans, and other ethnic groups. It was a place where new ideas were

If Athens were a person, they would be:

1st Century Personification: A Wise Philosopher 21st Century Personification: A thought leader, well-known public intellectual, writer, or speaker involved in debates on social and philosophical issues, respected for their insights and wisdom.

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Deep Thinkers The fantastic thing about Philosophers and Deep Thinkers is that they ask extraordinary questions that lead to self-discovery and personal growth and often require significant time and effort to answer.

The terrifying thing about Philosophers and Deep Thinkers is that they ask extraordinary questions that lead to self-discovery and personal growth and often require significant time and effort to answer.

Everyone is blessed with the headache of having a deep thinker in their circle of friends. And if they ever start asking you questions about your faith, those questions might sound like the ones below.

Try your best to answer them, even if it takes a few days, or weeks, or months, or years.

How can Christianity contribute to contemporary philosophical and ethical debates?

What evidence supports the historical claims of Christianity, and how do they stand up to critical analysis?

How does Christianity address the existential questions about the meaning and purpose of life?

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PAUL’S JOURNEY TO CORINTH Corinth

Corinth was located on a narrow strip of land, known as an “isthmus,” that connected mainland Greece with the Peloponnese peninsula. Its location made Corinth a critical link between two major bodies of water: the Aegean Sea to the east and the Ionian Sea to the west. Because of this, Corinth was a key hub for trade and travel, allowing goods and people to move quickly between the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire.

Corinth was famous for its architecture and public buildings, such as the Temple of Apollo, the Agora (marketplace), and the Isthmian Games, which were second only to the Olympic Games in prominence.

The city was also notorious for its moral laxity and the presence of numerous temples dedicated to various gods. Corinth’s cosmopolitan

nature, economic vitality, and religious diversity made it a challenging but fertile ground for early Christian evangelism.

Paul visited Corinth during his second missionary journey. He stayed there for about 18 months, working as a tentmaker with Aquila and Priscilla and preaching the gospel.

Paul’s time in Corinth was marked by both success and opposition. He established a strong Christian community, primarily among Gentiles, and addressed various issues related to morality, unity, and theological disputes through his letters to the

If Corinth were a person, they would be:

1st Century Personification: A Cosmopolitan Socialite 21st-century Personification: A Wealthy Social Influencer, social media personality, or entrepreneur living in a cosmopolitan city, juggling business ventures and lifestyle branding.

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Find the people who encourage you Once again, Paul’s biggest problem isn’t the Gentiles but the Jews, who are upset that Paul was “persuading the people to worship God in ways contrary to the law.”

It finally gets to the point where he shakes the dust off his clothes and says, “From now on, I will go to the Gentiles.” Yikes.

Don’t Miss This

It’s noteworthy that although the crowds of Jews give Paul some problems, those with whom he shares something in common, like fellow tentmakers Aquila and Priscilla, greatly encourage him in his ministry.

The same is true today. Sometimes, we have more trouble knowing what to say to people we think should be on our side because the negativity we sometimes face is unexpected.

What is your reaction to other Christians who lob unprovoked attacks on you?

How can you tell the difference between a sibling in Christ who might be trying to hold you accountable or care for you and someone who is simply trying to get under your skin?

How could you move away from those trying to get under your skin in a loving and respectful way?

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PAUL’S JOURNEY TO EPHESUS Ephesus

Ephesus was one of the most important cities in the Roman province of Asia, located on the western coast of Asia Minor near the Cayster River.

As a major port city, it facilitated trade and cultural exchange between the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire.

Renowned for its impressive architecture and urban development, including the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Ephesus also boasted the Great Theatre, capable of seating around 24,000 people for gladiatorial contests, public meetings and theatrical performances, and the Library of Celsus, an architectural marvel symbolizing the city’s intellectual culture.

The city was a major centre for commerce, known for its markets and diverse population, including Greeks, Romans, and Jews. Its strategic location along major trade routes made it a hub of economic activity and cultural exchange.

Paul spent around three years in Ephesus. He preached in the local synagogue and later in the lecture hall of Tyrannus, spreading the message of Jesus. Paul’s time in Ephesus saw success and opposition. One of his larger challenges was the city’s polytheistic nature. Because of his success in preaching the gospel he found himself in conflict with the local silversmiths who felt threatened by the subsequent decline in demand for the idols of Artemis which was a significant part of their trade.

If Ephesus were a person, they would be:

First Century Personification: A Mystical Artisan 21st Century Personification: A Spiritual Wellness Coach or holistic

health and spirituality expert. Someone who blends ancient wisdom with modern practices.

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Polytheism and Eclecticism Two Sides of the Same Coin Polytheism is a religious, philosophical, and/or spiritual term referring to the belief

in and worship of many gods/deities. Of the five major world religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, and Buddhism), Hinduism is an example of a religions with a polytheistic worldview.

Eclecticism is the practice of drawing upon multiple worldviews or ideas to gain

complementary insights into a subject. It does not adhere rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions but applies different theories in different circumstances.

Does your faith have add-ons?

If you’ve spent even an average amount of time in Bible studies, church services, or youth groups, someone taught you that even though you might believe in God alone, other things can become gods to you—money, material items, and relationships are typical examples. This lesson is valuable but still leaves room for something else: Eclecticism.

In practical terms, this might mean you believe in God and learn from Scripture, but culture may inspire you to adopt non-Christian beliefs/practices in certain areas of your life, making your belief system more “eclectic.”

Problems arise for Christians when something they’ve picked up from culture contrasts with something they’ve learned from Scripture. Simple phrases like “It was fate,” “it was all just luck,” and “What goes around comes around” could be unintentional examples of Eclecticism. When Christians have inconsistent belief structures and then get challenged about those inconsistencies, they often don’t know What To Say.

Are there areas of your life that could be described as Eclectic? Have you ever decided “that part” of Scripture wasn’t for you and picked up something else instead?

Have you ever had someone say, “I thought Christians weren’t supposed to do that!” (If yes, they’ve either noticed an inconsistency between what you say and do or between “your” Christianity and someone else’s Christianity.) What was it?

In your opinion, what areas or topics are Christians likely to adopt other beliefs about? How can you prepare yourself for those conversations? Do you see yourself in any of those areas?

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THE PAULINE EPISTLES The Pauline Epistles are the collection of letters written by the Apostle Paul between approximately 48 and 67 AD. They were addressed to various early Christian communities and individuals, offering theological insights, practical guidance, and encouragement in their faith journeys. Paul’s letters also tackle practical issues within the early Christian communities, providing advice on morality, spiritual gifts, and church leadership.

Authorship

The Epistles include Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, 1 & 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon. While Paul is traditionally regarded as the author of these epistles, there is scholarly debate concerning some authorship, such as Ephesians, 1 & 2 Timothy, and Titus. Differences in writing style, vocabulary, and theological focus have led some scholars to question whether Paul wrote these letters directly or if they were composed by his disciples in his name.

Who Were They Written For?

Many of Paul’s letters addressed specific situations within the early Christian communities. For example, his letters to the Corinthians respond to reports of division and moral issues within the church at Corinth, Galatians is a passionate defence against the Judaizers, and Philemon stands out as a highly personal letter appealing to a slave owner for the kind treatment of Onesimus.

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The Prison Epistles

Several of Paul’s letters, known as the “Prison Epistles” (Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon), were written from prison. These letters reflect Paul’s enduring commitment to his mission and his ability to offer hope and guidance despite his personal hardships.

Typical Structure of a Pauline Letter

Greeting: Opening salutation, Identification of the sender and recipients, Grace and peace blessing.

Thanksgiving and Prayer: Expression of gratitude to God for the recipients, Prayer for their well-being and spiritual growth.

Body: Main theological teachings to address specific issues or questions within the community, Exhortations and ethical instructions, Doctrinal discussions.

Paraenesis (Moral Exhortations): Practical advice and moral teachings, Encouragement to live according to Christian principles.

Closing Instructions and Greetings: Personal remarks and specific instructions, Greetings to and from various individuals, Final exhortations.

Benediction: A blessing or Prayer for the recipients.

Farewell: Concluding words and signature (often a personal note from Paul).

Dig Out Your Wax Tablet Paul’s letters to the early church included encouragement, prayer and thanksgiving, theological teaching, and instruction. Each letter helped the church understand something new about God and taught them how to live like Christ in a polytheistic and eclectic society.

Now it’s your turn! You’re going to write two epistles. You can do this in this book, on your computer, on a separate paper, or if you want to get nostalgic for the 2nd century, get some parchment or papyrus.

Epistle One:

Write a letter to your younger self (you can do this even if you’re still young).

If you could go back in time, what would you teach yourself about God, Jesus, Faith, and Christianity?

Epistle Two

Write a letter to “The Church.” Not the one you go to, but to the Capital “C” Church, or Christianity, as a whole. What advice do you have for it? What encouragement can you give it? What are you praying for?

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THE JOURNEY TO ROME Imagine getting arrested and having the right to appeal to a higher court, only to have the journey to that court become just like the arrest itself.

That was Paul’s reality after being arrested in Jerusalem and sent to Rome for trial.

battled the storm for two weeks and eventually lost hope that they would make it through. Paul reassured the crew and passengers that they would survive based on a vision he received from an angel, and he was right.

Paul departed from Caesarea under the custody of a centurion named Julius, and the journey didn’t start well.

They faced strong winds and had to dock in the port of Fair Havens on the island of Crete. Despite Paul’s warning about potential danger, they decided to set sail again, aiming for a better harbour to spend the winter in.

Eventually, they were shipwrecked on the island of Malta. All 276 people on board made it to shore safely.

During their three-month stay on Malta, Paul performed several miracles, including healing the father of Publius, the island’s chief official, and other sick islanders. After wintering in Malta, they continued their journey to Rome on another ship.

Upon arriving in Rome, Paul was allowed to live by himself, under guard, while awaiting trial.

Soon after, a violent storm struck, driving the ship off course. The crew

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WAIT? WHAT WAS THE HARD PART? Paul’s journey to Rome could symbolize an experience you’ve had or something you walked through with someone else. Sometimes people feel that their destination will be their greatest challenge, only to find that the journey is twice as hard.

Think of a time when you weren’t looking forward to an obligation or commitment (like a test or a big presentation).

What was the lead-up to that moment like? Did you stress more in the weeks leading up to it or in the moment itself? What makes those moments different?

Consider your faith journey (no matter where you are on it).

What has been the most challenging part so far?

What parts of your faith journey have surprised you?

Have you ever seen or felt God telling you things would be ok?

Provide details, and consider how you could share those details with someone else.

Is there anyone you know that you’ve had to encourage or coach through their journey? What was it like for them at the journey’s beginning, middle and end?

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ROME

Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire and one of the most influential cities in the ancient world. It was home to around a million people and boasted stunning architecture, including the Colosseum, the Forum, and various temples and public baths. Rome’s strategic and economic significance was unparalleled, and it served as the administrative and cultural hub of the Empire. Still, its political climate could be volatile, with power struggles and changes in leadership influencing the city’s atmosphere.

The city was a melting pot of cultures, religions, and peoples from different parts of the Empire. The Jewish community in Rome was substantial, having established itself well before the 1st century. These Jews had synagogues and were integrated into the city’s social fabric while maintaining their distinct religious practices.

When Paul arrived in Rome around 60 AD, he was placed under house arrest but was allowed to live in his own rented home, where he could receive visitors and continue his missionary work. Despite his confinement, Paul used this opportunity to preach the gospel, teach, and write several epistles. Paul’s presence in

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Rome helped to solidify the Christian community there, even as they faced persecution.

Rome’s initial stance towards Christianity was one of opposition and persecution. Early Christians faced hostility and were often accused of horrendous acts, culminating in the infamous persecution under Emperor Nero in the 60s AD, who blamed Christians for the Great Fire of Rome. Despite this, the faith continued to grow.

Over the coming centuries, the position of Christianity in Rome transformed dramatically. By the early 4th century, Emperor Constantine embraced Christianity, leading to the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, which granted religious tolerance for Christians throughout the Empire. Rome eventually became the epicentre of Western Christianity with the establishment of the Roman Catholic Church. Once an adversary of the new faith, the city evolved into the spiritual centre of Western Christianity. Amazingly, the Empire responsible for using the cross as a symbol of death and condemnation transformed into an Empire that saw the cross become a symbol of hope and forgiveness.

The Transformative Nature of Jesus

Paul, who once persecuted Christians, loved the Law and denied Jesus as the Messiah, eventually found himself in Rome, standing trial for preaching the gospel and sharing the message of Jesus.

Rome, the capital of an Empire set on holding back Jesus’ message, ultimately transformed into what many still see as the symbolic hub of Christianity today.

The symbolism of these examples shouldn’t be lost on anyone. These are two of the millions of examples of how Christ’s message transforms not only hearts but entire cities.

What is one transformation story that has inspired you? Who was it, and what was the situation? This could be someone you know or even something you experienced yourself.

What specifically about that transformation story sticks out?

Why is it so impactful?

What can Paul’s journey of perseverance teach us today about What To Say to others?

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WHO CAN YOU PRAY FOR? You might already have a prayer journal, but even if you do, write the names of a few people you’d like to know What to Say to. Come back and write notes beside their names if you feel God is speaking to you about them.

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RESOURCES Website: whattosay.ca

Podcast Episodes: whattosay.ca Pen, Paper, Parchment and People - How Paul Wrote His Letters https://bibleproject.com/podcast/pen-parchment-and-people/ The Apostle Paul his life, thought and letters - Stanley E. Porter Paul: A biography – N.T. Wright Three Story Evangelism https://mikefrost.net/the-way-you-tell-your-spiritual-autobiographymatters/ https://mikefrost.net/the-way-you-tell-the-story-of-god-matters/ https://mikefrost.net/the-evangelistic-art-of-listening-well/ https://mikefrost.net/evangelism-as-storytelling-learning-all-threestories/ The Case for Christianity - C.S. Lewis Mere Christianity - C.S. Lewis Maps are an adaptation from: https://annointing.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/paulsjourneys.pdf

Better Together

Many people have contributed to the resources and planning of this series.

Special thanks to James, Brittany, Amie, Dana Lynne, Rachel, Julia, Jayden, Dave, our elders’ team, and everyone who ever said, “I didn’t know what to say.”

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