From Consolidation to Turmoil: Revolt and Reform in the late 1960s and 1970s Cologne and Western European Economic Cooperation
14.6.2023 @ University of Cologne
Seminar: A European History of Cologne in the 20th century
Frank Fischell & Thomas Schneider
Context: Cold War, Space Race, Prague Spring
Rock & Roll, Equal Rights, Pacifism
The Shah, Terrorism, Oil Shocks
Environmentalism, Anti-Nuclear Lobby
Industrial & Demographic Change
• European Cooperation & Migration
• Culture & Counterculture
• Student Activism & the Press
• Government Responses & Reforms
• 18 April 1951 – European Coal and Steel Community
• Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg
• 25 March 1957 – Treaties of Rome
• 3 May 1960 – European Free Trade Association created
• 30 July 1962 – The first Common Agricultural Policy
• 20 July 1963 – The EEC signs its first big international agreement
• 8 April 1965 – Signing of the ‘Merger Treaty’
• 1 July 1968 – beginning of the Customs Union
Source: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/history-eu_en
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• 1 January 1973 – From 6 to 9 member countries
• 1973 – Oil crisis hits Europe
• 10 December 1974 – Reducing disparities between the regions
• 1974-75 – New democracies in Portugal, Greece and Spain
• June 1979 – First direct elections to the European Parliament
Source: https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/history-eu_en
1957 – FOUNDING OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (EEC) & EUROPEAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITY (EAEC)
1968 – ELIMINATION OF CUSTOMS DUTIES: On July 1, 1968, the customs union becomes a reality; tariffs completely disappear between member states. Between 1957 and 1970, intra-community trade increases six-fold, the EEC’s trade with rest of the world triples.
1973 – ENLARGEMENT TO NORTHERN EUROPE: The United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark enter the EEC, increasing the number of member states from 6 to 9. Norway rejects membership in a referendum.
1979 – 1st EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS with universal suffrage
