Think Grain Think Feed March 2019 Issue

Price: 75/-

Volume 5 | Issue 05 March-2019

EDITORIAL Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology Published by BENISON Media SCO 17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market Karnal - 132001 (Haryana) Tel: +91 184 4047817 info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Publisher & Editor Prachi Arora prachi.a@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Prebiotics: An alternative for antimicrobials

D

uring the last few decades, antibiotics are being used as traditional strategy for improving the gut health of poultry

and fish, in orderto keep the diseases off the gut and thereby, improvement the growth and feed conversion efficiency of these species. Considering the risk ofdevelopment and spread of antimicrobial resistance through the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, there has been heightened research

Managing Editor Dr. T.K. Walli Former Head, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI

interest in looking for alternative feed supplements, which could improve gut health, and thereby result in better growth and feed conversions, especially in poultry and fishes.One such effective and an alternative feed supplement happens to be Prebiotics, which have a great potential to improve the growth of desirable gut

Marketing & Designing Ashwani Verma info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

microorganisms,like bacteria and fungi, and therefore, result in better gut health in these animal species.Prebiotics are oligo saccharides e.g.

Mono Oligisaccharides (MOS), as feed additives induces the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.The gut microflora of

Circulation & Subscription Head Ramesh Kumar info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

fishes can be considered as an “Extra Organ�, owing to its important role on growth, development, health, immunity and intestinal development (Dehler et al, 2017).

The gut immune system is influenced by many factors, including

For advertisement contact at +91 86074 63377

dietary components and commensal bacteria. Nutrients that affect gut immunity and strategies that restore a healthy gut microbial community by affecting the microbial composition are being developed as new therapeutic approaches to treat several inflammatory diseases.

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Probiotics (live microorganisms) and prebiotics (food components) have

Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale Former Chairman, CLFMA of India

animal studies. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind

shown promise as treatments for several diseases in both clinical and the direct and indirect effects on the gut immune response will facilitate Mr. Amit Sachdev Indian Representative, US Grain Council Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand US Soybean Export Council

better and possibly more efficient therapy for gut diseases. In fact, prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics have been shown through the most recently well-established scientific findingsthat these exert influence through direct and indirect mechanisms, by which these can have favourable effect on gut immunity. A unique relationship does exist

Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani

between the diet, the microbiota, and the gut immune system. Through recent genetic studies conducted at NIANP, Bangalore(Kolte, et al, 2018), it has been shown that prebiotics feed additive as Mono Oligo

Dr. SN Mohanty Former Principal Scientist, CIFA

saccharide, when given at 1 per cent of the diet to fresh water fishes, Lebofimbriatus, can stimulate and manipulate the gut immune response.

Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta Agricultural Economist Dr. Swamy Haladi Feed Additive Expert

In fact, farming of Lebofimbriatusis an emerging commercial activity and a recent phenomena in fresh water aquaculture sector in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan and Myanmar, whose production can be further enhanced through the use of Prebiotic MOS, offering the multiple benefits of providing an alternative to antimicrobials and

Dr. R Gnana Sekar Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting

resulting in better gut health, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency.

Similar benefits could be accrued by using the Prebiotic MOS in poultry

Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu

feed industry as well.

TK Walli www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in www.benisonmedia.com

Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015

Contents RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 05 Study on effect of herbal products and ginger powder on heat-stressed Layers

INDUSTRY NEWS 06 China February soybean imports fall to four-year low

16 Ellagitannins with SCFA for improved performance of poultry

12 High performance bugs breeding for animal feed 20 US soybeans exports to EU on a 30-year high

22 Organic acids in aquafeeds - A sustainable alternative to antibiotics

21 Project by South Asia Biotechnology Centre against Fall Armyworm

ARTICLE

INTERVIEW 14 Expansion plans of IB Group

26 Oilmeal exports remain flat in April-February period 27 Strategic partnership of Delacon and Cargill to cater to China market

EXPERT ADVICE 08 Strategies to improve feed efficiency

EVENT COVERAGE

28 9th edition of The Feeds & Nutrition Course By SFR EVENT CALENDAR - 30

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UPCOMING EVENTS

27-30 March 2019

12-14 June 2019

Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: Prachi Arora | On behalf of: BENISON Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Published at: SCO-17, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk.

Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’ activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction.

Disclaimer : The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.

R&D

Study on effect of herbal products and ginger powder on heat-stressed Layers Research states ginger powder and

Two hundred and fifty Lohmann layers were randomly

CHM could be a viable alternative to

divided into 5 different, including two controls and three

the synthetic antibiotic in poultry feed.

experimental groups (H1, H2, and H3). Control groups

Highlights:

were fed the basic diet without supplementation, while,

Heat stress is considered as one of the most vital stressors in poultry sector.

!

Heat stress decreases the feed intake, egg production rate, egg mass, and antioxidant activity of layer hens.

!

Ginger powder and Chinese herbal medicine supplementation improved the production performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant activity of layer hens.

the feed of three experimental groups was supplemented with 3.32?g CHM, 10?g ginger powder, and 10?g ginger powder+?3.32?g CHM per kg of diet, respectively.

Results showed that feed consumption and production rate were decreased in the HC group, while, feed intake and production significantly improved when birds were given supplemented diet. The production rate and feed intake of the H3 group were even significantly higher than the NC group. The birds that received supplemented diet had higher glucose level compared to HC. Triglycerides and serum cholesterol had significantly decreased level in supplemented groups compared to HC. Fungal catalase (CAT) level was significantly improved in H2 and H3 groups. Nitric oxide (NO), glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-PX)

This study was done to evaluate the

and Total Protein (T-AOC) level were significantly

effects of Chinese herbal medicine

improved in supplemented groups.

(CHM) and ginger powder on layersproduction performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant status under heat stress condition.

Findings showed that ginger powder and CHM could be a viable alternative to the synthetic antibiotic in poultry feed.

www.benisonmedia.com

!

05

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

China February soybean imports fall to four-year low China's soybean imports in February

Washington made major progress in trade talks, aimed

fell to their lowest monthly level in four

at ending a lengthy trade dispute.

years, as buying slowed amid

The February figures were also 40 percent down from

uncertainties over trade relations with

7.38 million tons in January, the data showed, as

the United States and flat demand for

crushers slowed production during the Lunar New Year

soymeal, customs data showed.

holiday. Soybean imports usually ease in the month of

The world's top buyer of soybeans

the week-long festival, which fell in early February this

brought in 4.46 million tons of the

year, as businesses close.

oilseed in February, according to data

For the first two months of 2019, imports fell to 11.83

from the General Administration of

million tons, down 15 percent from the same time a

Customs. That was down 17 percent

year ago.

from the same month a year earlier as a hefty tariff on soybeans from the United States, China's second-largest supplier, weighed.

“The low figures were still mainly because of tariffs on U.S. soybeans,” said Tian Hao, senior analyst with First Futures.

“Importers did not buy lots of Brazilian beans recently either, as they were waiting to buy U.S. soybeans, amid optimism of a final Sino-U.S. trade deal,” Tian said. “What is more, there

Shipments this year have dropped as a highly contagious African swine fever outbreak has ravaged the world's largest pig herd, curbing demand for soybeans for use in animal feed.

China has reported 111 outbreaks of the disease in 28 of its provinces and regions since August 2018.

China typically imports the majority of its oilseeds from the United States in the fourth quarter and early in the new year after the U.S. harvest comes to market.

However, buyers have avoided U.S. cargoes because of tariffs imposed on soybeans amid the ongoing trade tensions.

were no commercial benefits to bring in The two countries agreed a trade truce on Dec. 1, and Chinese firms have so far bought about 10 million tons Brazilian soybeans as demand was flat due to African swine fever outbreaks.”

Chinese buyers had been scooping up on Brazilian beans but such purchases

06

Image Source: foodbusinessafrica

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have slowed recently as Beijing and

of U.S. soybeans for delivery in the first months of 2019, although a 25 percent tariff on U.S. shipments remains in place.

Source: hellenicshippingnews

EXPERT ADVICE Image Source: Domy Innovations CafĂŠ

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

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Strategies to improve feed efficiency

08

This is a continuation of Feed

explained with the example of the corn scenario,

Conference coverage and is covering

which is such that just three countries are producing

next two presentations delivered by

more than 65% of the global corn production and

eminent speakers – Dr. Pradeep

Soybean meal (SBM) is even worse as ~83% of the

Krishnan of Evonik SEA and Dr. Chin

global SBM is produced by three countries.

How Cheong, a well-renowned poultry

In support to the above he highlighted, the global

expert in the Asian market.

animal protein production scenario is such that more

Getting the best value from feed

than 40% is contributed by South-East Asia most of

ingredients

which is China (illustrated in Image 1). In a nutshell,

In the high feed cost environment, it

animal protein production is mostly in Asia, whereas

becomes more relevant for poultry

the crops are mostly coming from the West.

nutritionists to get the most nutritive

Though the cost is the biggest factor for changes in

and economic value out of the feed

the feed ingredients it cannot be given more

ingredients in use. However, knowing

importance than the performance. Dr. Krishnan

how to do this means getting to know

outlined the real cost saving is not about changing

a lot more about the ingredients

the feed ingredients when prices are on a higher side.

being used in diet formulations,

If corn prices go up and 3% of corn get replaced with

including corn, soy and indeed all raw

DDGS, the formulation change can bring a huge

materials. Dr. Pradeep Krishnan from

saving of up to INR 300-400 per tonne of feed on

Evonik SEA shared up-to-date

papers, but real cost saving would be understanding

information to ensure that the feed

the impact of ingredient change on overall feed

manufacturer gets such value from

quality aspects like pellet quality and performance.

Soybean Meal (SBM).

SBM is the primary protein source used in animal

Ironically most of the population is

production, Dr. Krishnan detailed how different origins

residing in East while all the

and process variation may impact its quality and feed

ingredients making up the feed are

economics.

coming from the West. Dr. Krishnan

He explained even with SBM of the constant protein

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

content of 45-47 percent, there can be Dr. Krishnan shared the most commonly used a quite significant difference in the ash analytical techniques to measure SBM quality that content, fibre and fat value of various

included Urease activity (UA), Trypsin Inhibitor activity

origins and the energy difference can

(TIA), KOH solubility, Protein Dispersibility index (PDI)

be as high as 60 KCal. Dr. Krishnan

and reactive lysine. He stated that each of these

further elaborated its cost implications methods has limitations in terms of determining under using a linear programming model

or over-processed SBM and individual parameters like

which showed a difference of INR 420

KOH solubility, TIA etc. and individual technique gives

per MT between SBM from Brazil

a diverse interpretation of the quality of SBM.

origin to that of Indian origin

Though reactive lysine can be a methodology that can

(illustrated in Image 2 on page 10).

help to understand the availability of unblocked lysine

Dr. Krishnan showed a study of 95000

but direct analysis of the anti-nutritional factors and

samples of SBM from all major

reactive lysine are labor intensive, expensive and time-

producing countries, and only 42

consuming in routine operations. Hence, soybean

percent of the samples were falling in

processors and the end users of SBM in the animal

the specific protein level of 45-47

feed industry need reliable, rapid and cost-efficient

percent (shown in Image-3 on page

methods to control the quality of protein meal.

10).

Dr. Pradeep introduced a newly established quality

Impact of Heat Treatment

parameter - processing condition indicator (PCI) that

There are antinutritional factors like

integrates the various factors of under, adequate and

trypsin inhibitors, lectins, saponins,

over processing as one numerical index taking into

and Îą-galactocides etc. in the raw

consideration various anti-nutritional factors as well as

soybean. Out of which trypsin

heat damage effects on amino acid contents and

inhibitors and lectins can be

protein solubility.

deactivated by applying sufficient heat The PCI value of SBM from various different origins is treatment and hence the nutritional

shown in Image-4. Dr. Krishnan shared the PCI value

efficiency can be improved. Dr.

for Indian Soybean Meal (SBM) was 10.83 which was

Krishnan said, it is necessary for

more tendered towards over processing while in order

ingredient quality control programs to

to have a better digestibility of lysine and other amino

understand the appropriate assays to

acids the ideal PDI value should be 12-13.

determine if their cost-intensive

A deeper understanding of soy products and a precise

protein meal has been subjected to

evaluation of their quality using NIR technology allows

under or over-processing.

a more accurate feed formulation and thus a more

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Asia drives the global protein production

09

EXPERT ADVICE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

SBM by origin

Ingredients for IN / IPMT Name

Solution Price Amount

Corn

Name

Solution Amount

Price

583.4608 19,000.00

Corn

578.9525

19,000.00

335.1028 32,000.00

23,911.3400

Soybean Meal IN 2018

334.1211

32,000.00

22,631.6200

Soybean Oil Dicalcium

37.5025

69,500.00

36,410.2000

Soybean Oil Dicalcium

41.9673

69,500.00

36,073.8200

Phosphate 16

20.4835

36,500.00

Phosphate 16

20.5143

36,500.00

Limestone 32

10.3483

3,500.00

Limestone 32

10.3434

3,500.00

Met AMINO

2.8252

225,000.00

Met AMINO

3.0824

225,000.00

Salt (NacI)

2.4928

7,700.00

Salt (NacI)

2.3956

7,700.00

Sodium Bicarbonate

1.8062

30,000.00

268.12730

Sodium Bicarbonate

1.9467

30,000.00

171.7770

L-Lys-HCI

1.3925

120,000.00

7,252.4630

L-Lys-HCI

1.7076

120,000.00

7,043.5310

Choline Cloride 60%

10000

92,000.00

Choline Cloride 10000 1.0000 1.0000 60%

92,000.00

1.0000 1.0000

Trace Mineral

10000

80,000.00

1.0000 1.0000 Trace Mineral

10000

80,000.00

1.0000 1.0000

Toxin Binder

10000

70,000.00

1.0000 1.0000 Toxin Binder

10000

70,000.00

1.0000 1.0000

Thre AMINO

0.6154

115,000.00

Thre AMINO

0.7862

115,000.00

Vitamin Premix

0.5000

378,000

0.5000

378,000.00

Val AMINO (L-Valine)

0.2700

500,000.00

0.4831

500,000.00

Coccidiostat

0.2000

150,000.00

0.2000

150,000.00

Soybean Meal BR 2018

Low Cost

31,279.1700

16,324.3400

0.5000 0.5000 Vitamin Premix

0.2000 0.2000 Coccidiostat

Max.

Min.

31,150.9400

16,131.0000 0.5000 0.5000 30,851.3000 0.2000 0.2000

32,000.00

31,785.8100

Soybean Meal, BR 2018

32,000.00

32,000.0000 N/A

N/A

Soybean Meal, IN 2018

32,000.00

30,744.0400

Soybean Meal, AR 2018

32,000.00

32,000.0000 N/A

N/A

Soybean Meal, US 2018

32,000.00

31,936.3400

Soybean Meal, US 2018

32,000.00

32,000.0000 N/A

N/A

2 Broiler

Feasible 1.0000

26742.2800

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Val AMINO (L-Valine)

142,300.6000

Low Cost

Soybean Meal, AR 2018

1000.00

10

Max. Min.

SBM by origin

Ingredients for IN / IPMT

26742.2800

1000.00

2 Broiler

5,990.7710 24550.9000

Feasible 1.0000

27161.9300

27161.9300

5,990.7710 24550.9000

consistent livestock performance over

Potential of microflora for increasing efficiency in

time.

Poultry

In the concluding remarks, Dr.

With all the attention today on antibiotics and the

Krishnan introduced the acronym

serious issue of antibiotic resistance, Dr. Chin How

CARB i.e. Consistent animal

Cheong highlighted his concerns revolving around

performance can be ensured by a

antibiotics & the impact of AGP withdrawal. He

balanced combination of Accurate

illustrated with some examples as to how a few

feed formulation, Reduction in a safety mainstream antibiotics used in poultry can intervene margin and Better purchasing

in the activity of antibiotic treatments in humans, by

decision.

creating resistance in the hosts. He further gave

The session chairman, G

details of complications on IN-feed AGP Withdrawal

Chandrashekhar said in his concluding

(which includes enteric problems like Dysbacteriosis,

remarks the feed manufacturer can

Necrotic enteritis, Coccidiosis/Coccidiasis,

gain and deliver value to farmers only

Histomoniasis, and other bacterial infections e.g.

if the ingredient supplier is able to

colibacillosis, Salmonellosis). Through the graph 1, he

deliver good quality feed ingredients

demonstrated the use of additives to replace AGPs.

as feed is only as good as its

This could help the attendees to understand what

ingredients.

their future endeavours could be, whilst at alternatives.

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

On comparing Human and Chicken

Clostridiaceae and Proteobacteria. Presence of specific

gut flora, Dr. Chin said while in

beneficial bacterial species and/or absence of specific

Humans there are around 1000

detrimental bacteria species may contribute to

bacterial species identified with 20-

improved performance of chickens.

1500g of biomass, it's the resulting

Dr. Chin explained the Dynamics of Chicken Gut

metabolic capacity that leads to

Microbiota highlighting the following aspects:

digestion. On the other hand, in

1. GI tract in the newly hatched chick is usually

chicken, at least 640 species have

sterile, by day 3 to day 7, each bird develops its

been identified. Their respective

own Unique Microbial Profile & the community

counts in the different sections of the GIT, viz. Gizzard, Small intestine, Cecum are: 103 – 105cfu/g digesta,

becomes more complex as chickens ages.

2.

the remaining of the gut.

108 – 109cfu/g digesta and 1010 – 1012cfu/g digesta respectively.

Lactobacilli dominate the microflora of the crops and ileum whereas the Ceca

Crop Microflora provides bacterial inoculum for

3.

Gut Microflora exerts a significant influence on the host's immune function starting at birth & throughout life.

is dominated mostly by anaerobes

He also explained the link between Gut Microbiota

consists of Lachnospiraceace,

and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) along with a comparison of Faecal Community of high and low

70

50 40 30 20 10 0 Organic acids

Phytogenics/ essential oils

Enzymes

Probiotics

Prebiotics

Other

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Response percent (%)

60

11

EXPERT ADVICE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Low efficient chickens

High efficient chickens

7

18

12

52 79

Proteobacteria (%)

28

Bacteroidetes (%)

Firmicutes (%)

Homeostasis 3.

Causes of Intestinal Dysbiosis

4.

Pthogens and Mycotoxins effecting the Gut Microbiota and finally

5.

Animal Feed Additive replacing Antibiotics

After discussing examples of Poultry Probiotics and features of Ideal Probiotics were detailed. With image 6,it was detailed as to how the host, Diet, Microbiota, Environment are in a continuous relationship leading to Balanced Gut Microbiota.

efficient Broiler Chickens (illustrated in

In order to understand Gut Integrity & Host Defence, Dr. Cheong explained the importance of

Image 5)

1.

Functional diversity of Gut Microbiota

Dr. Cheong presented the linkage of

2.

Indicators of Gut health problems

Cecal microbiota with performance (i.e 3.

High performance linked to the high proportion of butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae & Impairedperformance linked to lower % G+C organisms (often lactobacilli)).He emphasized the function of Gut Microbiota and the basic mechanism of carbohydrate fermentation.Based on the above detailed evidentiary illustration he concluded "Balanced Microflora + Healthy Gut =Improved Performance".

A brief interrelationship was discussed between the Lactate Utilizers & Lactate Producers and how Lactate Accumulation can be deleterious.This was followed by a brief on 1.

Microbial Relationships between Bird Environment & Bird Health

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2.

12

Balanced Microflora & Gut

Complexity of assessing performance with gut microbiota.

In light of dealing with point 3, Dr. Cheong stressed that Researching gut Microbiome shall be of high importance with impetus on multidisciplinary approaches on microbiota-host interactions to understand & improve animal performance. He further emphasised that the next frontiers will offer a higher resolution with relative consistency, providing deeper knowledge about genetic potential & metabolic capacities of the whole environments. The information generated could be used to monitor strategies to improve feed efficiency & feed formulation for optimal gut health and animal performance.

The session chairman, Prof. G Devegowda in his concluding remarks emphasised that it is high time that the poultry farmers must avoid the use of Antibiotics on chicks and use these only when there is an infection, but never on a regular basis, as growth promoters. This is indeed, a global challenge which has implications on human health as well as sustainable Environment.

Diet Nutrient (Substrate) Viscosity Feed Additives Toxin Exposure Host Species Age Gender Immune Status Disease Challenge

Continuous “Cross-Talk� with Host Mucosa

Environment Climatic Condition Housing Management Stress

Microbiota Composition Quantity Autochthonus/Allochthonus

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

High performance bugs breeding for animal feed After centuries of selective breeding of

waste streams to rear insects such as the black soldier

animals and plants to maximize yields

fly which they can then feed to fish, chickens and pigs.”

in agriculture, bugs are getting the

“We're looking at it from the genetic side. How do we

same treatment, as demand for insect

make the best fly and the best bug possible for use in

protein grows.

these farms?” founder and managing director of Beta

British start-up Beta Bugs is breeding

Bugs, Thomas Farrugia said.

high performance strains of black

The company breeds certain strains of fly, resulting in soldier fly for the insect feed sector, and highly optimized insects. The feed is made from fly is selecting traits like growth rate, maggots. protein content, fat composition and even temperature tolerance according to clients' needs.

Most animal feed is made from soy which is blamed by some for deforestation as farmers try to meet

“You can cram decades worth of genetic progress that has been made in every other animal into a few years for insects,” said Farrugia.

Beta Bugs says it wants to stimulate the growth of a new and environmentally beneficial industry by bringing real benefits directly to farms.

increasing global demand for the crop.

This has led to the search for more sustainable sources of protein.

“There are insect farms around Europe, around the UK, even elsewhere in the

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world which are using food waste and

13

INTERVIEW

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Expansion plans of IB Group Bahadur Ali Managing Director, IB Group

Please share a brief on your journey started 35 years ago with a Poultry farm to today being an acknowledged conglomerate? How the industry has changed since then?

It started relatively small but the vision of making chicken affordable to the consumers kept our passion growing. During the growing phase it was realized that in Central India, there was a huge gap in the supply of broiler chickens against the growing demand. After stepping in Nagpur, we realized the scope of it when the entire stock of 300 chickens was sold out on the very first day of opening.

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We invested more inland, chickens and chicken feed whereas outsourced transportation. By 1996 the production capacity had reached to 40000 chickens per month and turnover had increased to 5 crores. Later in November 1996, I happened to visit the World Poultry Congress at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi. I was deeply motivated by a foreign consultant who recommended a costeffective road map to do business. We invested in the best available technology and manpower. By 1997 the production was doubled & the concept of Environmentally Controlled (EC) Houses was also introduced.

14

Over the years, we conceived the importance of quality feed for birds for better growth and performance, best FCR and higher profitability of farmers. Hence soon decided to produce own feed and entered into the feed business, which was another turning point. A 250-ton refinery was set up. By 2005 the business expanded by 25-30% year on year, taking its revenue to 200 crores. In 2008, the concept of extruded fish feed was introduced by the group and ABIS Fish Feed was launched. By 2013, the turnover crossed 2200 crore, with more than 50 lakh birds produced in farms spread over 30 sq. km. Today we have diversified the line of business to the production of poultry, fish feed, shrimp feed, dairy products, specialized pet food, edible oils, and hospitality.

Presently, IB Group is producing 1.5 M MT of feed i.e. ~4% of India's total feed production. What are the expansion plans of the group for the Indian and export market?

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

more than 1.5 MT per hectare, which is way below the crop yield in the US, Brazil, and Argentina, the major exporting countries globally due to their modern farming practices. My suggestion to the government is to invest in our country's seed R&D infrastructure and run farmerbased programmes through FPOs and seed companies to support and encourage soya farming to utilize their agriculture lands for a better profitable crop. As soya is the best protein source for the livestock industry and the growing demand of animal protein requirement would need better crop yields to meet the future demands.

Agriculture is one of the least digitized major industries. How do you see digitization impacting the poultry and livestock industry? What are the plans of the group in adopting this trend?

Feed ingredients are the most unpredictable input cost for animal feed and since the last decade, the Indian soybean yield is almost stagnant while the demand is constantly growing. What according to you can be the way forward for sustainable feed industry?

At present soybean is accounting for over 45-50% of the area under Kharif crop. However, the area is limited to central India - Vidarbha (Maharashtra), Madhya Pradesh, parts of Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, and Rajasthan. The non-GM seed and old farming practices in the country does not produce a yield of

You have introduced PARIVATAN initiative, please share a brief on the same.

We have launched a campaign called 'Parivartan' for the socio-economic development of its farmers, with a goal to double poultry farmer's income under this initiative. To realize this goal, we are providing the latest global technology to the farmers. Even the poultry farmers of small and financially weaker neighboring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are using modern poultry technology. But in the past 25 years, I have not seen any large poultry company in India that has contributed and upgraded the small poultry farmers and hence increased the income of such farmers of the country.

It is my dream that Indian poultry farmers should match the standards of poultry farmers of Europe and America.

Therefore, the Parivartan initiative with our Integration farmers provides a 40 percent subsidy on the upgradation cost. The subsidy of INR 15 crores is already given to poultry farmers. This move of IB group has brought positive changes in the lives of thousands of poultry farmers in 26 states. The farmers have also experienced the change and its positive impact on their life. Hence, more farmers are coming forward and joining hands with IB Group.

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Today IB Group is present in all 28 states whereas our feed business is spread across 26 states. Besides we are soon to launch new state-of-the-art feed plants in Punjab, Bihar, and Karnataka to meet the increasing demand for quality feed. These areas have good potential for giving opportunities to generate employment and harness the positive talent of the youth in these states. I firmly believe that the feed industry is a major pillar for taking poultry (protein) business forward. The business expansion will not only give the youth of the states an opportunity to learn the latest global technology but also develop an ancillary business around our core business.

IB Group has been setting the benchmarks for adopting technology and digitalization at every stage in vertically integrated poultry business. As per my understanding without the use of technology, we will be left far behind so we started using technology in the business from a very early point and proud to have one of the leading technologically advanced feed plants of Asia. With the use of technology in the state-of-the-art hatcheries and farms, R&D centres and dedicated field force we keep an edge in our business. I really admire the young generation being motivated by the use of technology and the previous generation continuously learning and adopting digitalization and technology in their day-to-day work. We are also trying to embark our experience and learnings to the associated farmers.

15

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Ellagitannins with SCFA for improved performance of poultry Mojca Osredkar Mergole1 and Jayaraman K2, Tanin Sevnica, Catalyst

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

The use of antibiotics as growth

16

with gut microbiome because it plays such an

promoters is predominant in the

important role in feed digestion and absorption. This

poultry industry until the concern

interactions of intestinal microbiome with poultry host

about the development of antibiotic

and diet are essential for good bird performance and

resistance was raised. Withdrawal of

economically viable poultry production. The different

AGP from animal diet leaves the

dietary components that escape host digestion and

livestock and poultry farmers with

absorption serve as the substrates for the growth of

enormous pressure, as one of the

intestinal bacteria so the diet is the one having the

main consequences being a significant greatest potential impact on the intestinal increase in the occurrence of

microbiome. Lately, more and more research work

infectious diseases (Inborr; Casewell et evaluates the beneficial influence of feed additives in al.,).

poultry diet to modulate intestinal microbiome and

Today in addition to genetics and

reduce the number of pathogens in the intestine. By

management most attention is

some means, different plant origin compounds like

focused on gut health in connection

plant polyphenols as additives attract more interest

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

than other alternatives (Sobczak and

gastrointestinal tract of birds, maintaining intestinal

Kozlowski; Deng Pan & Zhongtang Yu;

pH, improving the solubility of feed ingredients and

Govinthasamy Prabakar et all.)

absorption of nutrients (Adams; Soltan; Adil et al).

Plant polyphenols

With the improvement of the epithelial integrity

Tannins are water-soluble

(direct trophic effects) and defense systems, SCFA can

polyphenolic compounds that have

act directly or indirectly on tissue development and

different specific physical and

repair of the gut (Guilloteau et al).

chemical properties in different plant

Synergistic effect of the combination of

species (Muller-Harvey). It has long

ellagitannins and SFCA

been known they exhibit numerous

SFCA butyrate and urolithin A, produced by

biological activities due to their

lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium from ellagitannins,

relative affinities to interact with

have been shown to enhance microbial diversity and

different proteins preferentially to

promote the abundance of bacteria generating this

proline-rich proteins. Ellagitannins

compounds by acting synergistically at the level of

belong to the hydrolyzable tannin

the mitochondrion (Franco-ObregĂłn & Gilbert).

class of polyphenols characterized by

Performance trial in broilers

one or more hexahydroxydiphenoyl

The present study investigated the effect of a

(HHDP) moieties esterified to a sugar,

combination of ellagitannins with SCFA on

usually glucose. Hydrolysis of

performance and litter characteristics of broilers, in

ellagitannins by treatment with hot

comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP),

water, acids, bases or with tannases

bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMDÂŽ). Four

yields hexahydroxydiphenic acid

hundred and eighty 1-day- old Cobb 400 broiler

(HHDP), further ester bonds are

chicks were procured from a commercial hatchery. The

hydrolyzed and the HHDP group

trial was conducted for a period of 42 days in 5 x 5 ft

spontaneously rearranges into ellagic

pens on a deep litter floor (rice husk) using a

acid. The presence of

completely randomized design. The experimental

hexahydroxydiphenoyl and

design included 3 treatment groups: A basic (corn

nonahydroxyterphenoyl moieties are

soya-based mash) diet with BMD (positive control) at

considered to render antimicrobial

330 g/ton of feed, basic diet without AGP (negative

property of ellagitannins against

control), and basic diet ET+SCFA (ellagitannin and

bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

butyrate) at 500, 250 and 150 g/ton of feed at pre-

Antibacterial activity has been most

starter, starter and finisher phases respectively. Each

widely described in the literature

group was replicated 8 times with 20 birds per

(Adamczyk et al; J.M.Landete.; Deaville

replicate. The trial was conducted under the standard

et al; Ekambaram et al)

operating procedure of the test facility to ensure

Jamroz et al. reported that application

proper animal care and handling. The birds were

of ellagitannins from Sweet Chestnut

analyzed for body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR),

to the feed mixtures beneficially and

footpad lesion (FPD) and litter moister.

statistically significantly affected the dry matter content in the litter in 2.200

number of E. coli and coliform bacteria

2.100

in the small intestine of 28-d-old chickens.

Short Chain Fatty Acids The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have an important role in preserving the structural and functional integrity of the gut by limiting the growth of undesirable microorganisms in the

Body Weight kg

of tannins significantly reduced the

W/o AGP (Control) 1.65

2.098

2.113

1.66 1.65

2.04

2.000

1.64

1.900

1.63

1.800

ET+SCFA, 1.62

BMD, 1.62

1.62

1.700

1.61

1.600

1.60

1.500

1.59

BMD

W/o AGP (control)

ET+SCFA

Avg final weight per bird (kg)

FCR

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Body Weight Vs FCR

comparison to control. Higher doses

17

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Results

ET+SCFA not only improved the body weight of birds,

From day 14 to 28, ET+SCFA group

but also reduced the foot pad lesions by influencing

showed similar improvement in body

the litter characteristics. Moreover, the improvement

weight as BMD速 group compared

was comparable with the antibiotic growth promoter,

with the negative control group. Birds

BMD速. This result indicates that ET+SCFA can act as a

supplemented with ET+SCFA showed

replacement for AGP in enhancing the performance of

3.4% (P < 0.05) more body weight

broilers.

than negative control at day 42. On

Performance trials in layers

day 42, reduction in FCR with ET+SCFA The trial was conducted at the Test station of layers is similar to BMD速 and also, better MTD in the Czech Republic to evaluate the impact of than the negative control. Footpad

the combination of ellagitannins with SCFA on the

lesions were evaluated on day 42 of

performance of layers. Hens were kept in

the trial. The group with no AGP

environmentally controlled houses in 2 groups, each

(negative control), showed a lesion

group had 180 hens. Performance trial lasted from

score of 3. Birds supplemented with ET+SCFA had significantly lesser lesion Figure 1. : Laying rate from 30th till the 40th week 97.0 score compared to BMD速 and 96.0 negative control (P < 0.05), suggesting 95.0 that it had an impact on the litter 94.0 characteristics. At the end of the trial, 93.0 it was observed that the inclusion of 92.0 ET+SCFA has reduced the litter 91.0 90.0 moisture by 18.8% compared with the 89.0 negative control.

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 It is stated that broilers reared on wet Control ET+SCFA litter developed FPD from an early Figure 2. : Egg weight (g) cum. age, and it progressed severely; when 66.3 these broilers were moved to dry litter, the disease progression was

66.2

suppressed or delayed depending on

66.1

the age of transfer. Being an important indicator of animal welfare, FPD can lead to a significant economic loss for

66 65.9 Control

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producers, because paws with FPD are

18

ET+SCFA

not suitable for human consumption.

30th till the 40th week of age. Compared to the

Reduction of ammonia level inside

control, the addition of ellagitannins with SCFA

poultry houses is an important part of

improved performance of layers with higher laying

management to increase birds' live

rate (Figure 1.) and better quality of layed eggs

performance. When there is more

(Figure 2).

moisture in the litter, the potential for ammonia emission from that litter is high. Ferguson et al., 1998 confirmed the relationship between higher litter moisture and increased litter ammonia. Besides the effect on litter moisture, administration of ellagitannins is reported to increase the dry matter content of excreta in Ross 308 chicks (Rezar V and Salobir J, 2014).

In conclusion, supplementation with

Another performance test of ET+SCFA was conducted at a layer farm in Croatia with 180000 layers. The trial was performed in 2 layer houses (control and test house) with enriched cages with an aim to evaluate the effect of ET+SCFA on production parameters and health of layers. The trial lasted for 62 weeks, from 18th week until 80th week of age of layers. The measured parameters were: FCR, mortality, laying rate, number and quality of eggs.

The quality of litter and microclimatic conditions was better in the house 2 (ET+SCFA) compared to house 1 (control) which reflected in improved production of

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Table 1: Performance parameters FCR Control ET+SCFA

litter, less dirty eggs and better health of hens withoth

No. of eggs Egg mass Feed per egg cum. % dirty eggs (18.-80. week) (g/day)

2,32 2,11

336 348

63,8 64,6

145,8 128,2

2,45 1,14

antibiotics.

Field experience in India ET+SCFA combination was tested in 3 layer houses with 2000 layers in different stages in Gorakhpur, Uttar

Figure 3.: Mortality 120.00

Pradesh, India. Improved performance results for all groups included: solved problem with wet litter, fewer

115.00

flies, improved egg weight from 53 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 55g to 55 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 58g,

110.00

improved laying rate for 1 %, less heat stress,

105.00

improved weight and health status of the animals.

After usage of ET+SCFA in a 20,000 capacity layer farm

100.00

in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh for a period of six months,

95.00

the incidences of dirty and rough shell eggs is reduced

90.00 Control

ET+SCFA

eggs, better feed conversion, less mortality, less dirty eggs and lower feed consumption per egg.

of spots during the pre-lay period and over all birds performance Conclusions

Since the start of use ET+SCFA in layer

Synergistic effect of ellagitannins and butyric acid

feed, the farm improved: laying rate

brings proven benefits to poultry industry in a new

for 6%, better eggshell quality - less

dynamic way together with ever more desired

broken eggs for 2-3%, uniformity of

potential for improved performance and cost

eggs for 10%, egg weight for 2g, drier

reduction in a natural way.

INDUSTRY NEWS

US soybeans exports to EU on a 30-year high

Image Source: AP News

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in 20

significantly due to dry litter. The farm performance improved in terms of improved grading of eggs, issues

The US is expected to export 10 million

Department of Agriculture.

mt of soybeans to the EU in the year

The volume is seen to be a 30-year high mainly due to

ending April 2019, according to recent

higher prices of Brazilian soybeans and tight supply in

data released by the United States

Argentina due to drought, the data released by Foreign Agricultural Service, a division of the USDA, showed.

Brazilian soybean prices have gone up after its exports to China surged following the US-China trade war as China has imposed a 25% tariff on the US soybeans, the USDA report said.

As of end-February, soybean exports from the US to the EU totaled more than 9 million mt, approximately 100% higher year on year, the report said.

US soybeans exports to the EU could face challenges in the form of lower port premiums in Brazil and normal soybeans production forecast in Argentina. But "as long as China's duties boost Brazil's competitiveness, EU demand for US soybeans should remain elevated with annual US exports significantly above the 3.3 million mt average observed over the previous 10-year period," the report added.

Source: spglobal

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Project by South Asia Biotechnology Centre against Fall Armyworm Fall Armyworm is a highly destructive

a suite of techniques, good agricultural practices and

pest and is known globally to have

control measures along with educational material for

caused a serious challenge to farmers

various stakeholders to enhance farmers' preparedness

across continents and across crops. Fall

to tackle the menace of fall armyworm.

Armyworm (FAW)

In this context, Dr CD Mayee, a renowned plant

(Spodopterafrugiperda), a native of

epidemiologist and the President of the South Asia

America, is an invasive pest spreading

Biotechnology Centre (SABC), New Delhi stated that

across the world, with its incidence in

“Practical experiences of successfully dealing with pink

African agriculture in 2016 followed by

bollworm in cotton through involvement of smallholder

its first-time appearance on maize in

farmers will be explored and replicated to overcome the

the Indian state of Karnataka in August

threat of fall armyworm”, In the recent past, SABC in

2018. In last two seasons, Kharif and

collaboration with key stakeholders has successfully

Rabi 2018, the fall armyworm has

implemented a massive program “war on pink emerged as a major threat to farmers & bollworm” in Vidharbha region of Maharashtra. The FAW Indian agriculture due to its high presents a significant challenge to smallholder farmers incidence and consequent damage

by substantially increasing cost of production, reducing

especially to maize. The early

productivity and farmers' income and thus a

emergence in crop life cycle, voracious

considerable threat to Indian agriculture.

feeding habit, large-scale aggressive behavior, high reproduction, fast migration and irreparable nature of crop damage, all make it a key pest.

A dedicated web-based portal www.fallarmyworm.org.in with repository of information and network of institutions to spread information in India.

Source: krishijagran

Notably, the FAW feeds on many host plants and has been found on sweet corn, baby corn, maize, sugarcane and sorghum, and can feed on many other agriculturally important foods & feed crops in India. As of now, the pest is reported in the states of Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal.

On 8th March 2019, the South Asia Biotechnology Centre launched an ambitious and multi-year project farmers against fall armyworm in India.

The project aims at using education as the weapon to the problem. The project is supported by FMC India, Mumbai, a global leader in sustainable crop protection and will work in collaboration with key stakeholders from agricultural value chains which potentially may get impacted due to the spread of Fall Armyworm in India.

The project SAFFAL aims at developing

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SAFFAL to safeguard agriculture and

21

ARTICLE Image Source: CID Lines

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Organic acids in aquafeeds - A sustainable alternative to antibiotics

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Nesara K M, Ajay S Khandagale, College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India

22

Introduction

under public scrutiny and criticism in other parts of

Aquaculture has today become the

the world. This emphasizes the need to develop

fastest growing food sector industry,

alternative products which can positively influence

moving forward rapidly in a profitable

animal performance. Plant extracts, prebiotics,

manner. The immense growth in

probiotics, and organic acids or their salts have been

modern aquaculture has been due to

evaluated as alternatives to antibiotics but the results

various factors which include

obtained are inconsistent.

increasing use of formulated

The global market value of acidifiers in the animal

aquafeeds and intensification of

feeds industry in 2015 was estimated to be about â&#x201A;Ź1.0

culture systems. Due to intensification,

billion (FEFANA 2014-2016). The most commonly used

bacterial diseases have been noticed

organic acid in animal feed is citric acid followed by

as a major cause of economic loss to

lactic acids, formic acids and/or their salts. Till now

producers. In order to better this

various feed additives such as organic acids have been

situation, antibiotics have been used

investigated for use in aquaculture feeds and are

potentially to irradiate disease-causing expected to receive increasing attention due to their bacteria but its excessive use leads to

strong antimicrobial and prophylactic properties

antibiotic resistant bacteria. Because

against various pathogenic bacteria. Use of these

of this, antibiotics in animal

acidifiers mainly consisting of organic acids and their

production have been banned by the

salts or mixtures of these are receiving much more

European Union and are increasingly

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

groups in them. These include saturated straight-chain monocarboxylic acids (C1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;C18) and their respective derivatives, such as unsaturated (cinnamic, sorbic), hydroxylic (citric, lactic), phenolic (benzoic, cinnamic, salicylic) and multi carboxylic (azelaic, citric, succinic) acids (Cherrington et al.,1991), with a general molecular structure of R-COOH, where R represents The general molecular structure of organic acid

Types of organic acids in fish Formic acid

Citric acid

Acetic acid Propionic acid

Sodium formate Butyric acids

Lactic acid

Sorbic acids

Fumaric acids

Malic acids

the monovalent functional group. These acids are commonly referred to as short-chain fatty acids, volatile fatty acids or weak carboxylic acids.

Citric acid and its salt Citric acid/salts (CA) are the most investigated organic acid in aquaculture for the purpose of growth and immune. Numerous studies have reported that citric acid can improve growth, feed utilization and mineral

for improving the performance and

species. Fishes supplemented with citric acid observed

the health of fish. In animal feeds the

are a red drum, Sciaenopsocellatus tends to lower the

use of organic acids was initially

pH of diets and stomach contents and rainbow trout,

demonstrated in piglets to maintain a

Oncorhynchus mykiss has been observed to improve

low gastric pH in the gut, which

weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio

resulted in problems with digestion

and enhance digestive enzyme activities (Castillo et

(Easter, 1988). Acidifiers are believed

al., 2014). Hernandez et al. (2012) fed CA to Huso huso

to be more specific to growth activity

observed an improved growth, SGR, FCR, phosphorus

which can reduce harmful micro-

absorption/retention reduced P load to the

organisms and promote beneficial

environment. Addition of CA in feed resulted in

microflora colonization in the

improved weight gain, SGR, PER, and FCR and also

gastrointestinal tract of fish (Cromwell, apparent protein, Ca and P digestibility in yellowtail, Seriolaquinqu eradiate (Khajepour and Hosseini, 1990).

2012). Likewise, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis This accelerated growth of emphasis aureus increased the activities of protease and on food safety and animal health amylase in the digestive tract and did not affect lipase makes Europe the largest market activities on the addition of citric acid to the diet (Li et (41%) followed by other developed al., 2009). countries such as the United States Lactic acids or their salts.

(24%) and Japan (12%). By this prophylactic agent, the use of

Use of lactic acid (LA) as a feed additive to rainbow

alternatives such as organic acids are

trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss resulted in increased in

expected to increase in the rest of the

bone Zn. Red sea bream, Pagrus major improved in

world.

the absorption of P but not in weight gain and feed

Organic acids The organic acids are basically organic compounds with one or more carboxyl

utilization (Hossain et al., 2007). Ca-lactate supplemented with LA improved in growth and survival (Pandey and Satoh, 2008). Castillo et al. (2014)

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attention as a potential replacement

availability, particularly phosphorus(P) in various fish

fed LA for red drum, Sciaenopsocellatus resulted in

23

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

lowering the pH of the stomach

altered intestinal microbiota and increased serum

contents, depressed growth

agglutination titer value.

performance at 30 g /kg diet and had

Sodium butyrate as a feed additive for omnivorous

no effects on body indices and

tropical catfish (Clariasgariepinus) was implemented

composition.

with 2kg/ton in both fish meal-based diet and in

Na-lactate salts as a feed additive to

defatted soya concentrates diet. The results observed

Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, and

show with no significant differences in supplemented

Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar improved

sodium butyrate when compared with a control group.

the growth of Arctic char, but not in

However, particularly in the catfish fed fish meal, the

salmon. The study conducted by

SGR was slightly higher and body weight gain observed

Gislason et al. (1996) resulted in

was increased in sodium butyrate group than control

double feed retention time in Arctic

group respectively, coupled with a concomitant

char digestive tract; Gislasonet al.

reduction in the FCR of supplemented group fish.

(1994) fed Atlantic salmon, S. salar

Apparently, sodium butyrate supplementation raised the

with LA. There were no effects on fish

proportion of gram-positive bacteria in the hindgut of

growth, mortality or gross chemical

catfish. In a similar way, the beneficial application of

composition of the faeces. Whereas

organic acid salts was also proven by addition of

Ringo et al. (1994) supplemented LA

5kg/ton sodium citrate with inactivated Lactobacilli to

to Arctic charr, S. alpines and reported

boost the growth of the Kuruma shrimp Masurpenaeus

an improvement in weight gain and

japonicas (Tung et al., 2006). A recent report suggests

feed efficiency but didn't observe any

that the survival rate of brackish water shrimp grown in

effects on lipid/fatty acid composition

Taiwan was enhanced by supplementing with a dosage

of muscle tissue and body proximate

of 2.5kg/tonne calcium formate (Luckstadt, unpublished

composition.

data).

Use of butyric acids or their salts in

Formic acid

aquafeeds

Formic acid as a fish feed additive. Only a few studies

Na-butyrate supplemented with Sea

are been carried out for the addition of potassium-

bream, Sparus aurata enhanced growth, diformate (a double-salt of formic acid) in herbivorous, carnivores, filter feeders' fish and shellfish which show but there were no effects on SGR feed

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intake and feed utilization. It also

24

an apparent increase in weight gain, feed conversion

altered the metabolic pattern at the

ratio and the ability to counteract bacterial infections

intestinal level (Robles et al., 2013).

in fish. Ramli et al. (2005) tested potassium diformate

Supplementing butyric acid as a feed

(potassium salt of formic acid) as a growth promoter

additive in the omnivorous tropical

in tilapia grow-out and reported an increase with body

Catfish, Clarias gariepinuswas observed

weight. Similarly, commercial white shrimp feed added

to show no effects on weight gain,

with Na-formate did not show any improvement in

specific growth rate, protein efficiency

growth response, feed utilization and survival rate

ratio and food conversion ratio which

(Silva et al., 2015). In another experiment, Chuchird et

tend to alter the bacterial community in

al. (2015) provided evidence that Pacific white shrimp

the hindgut of catfish (Owen et al.,

fed formic acid supplemented diets showed enhanced

2006).

resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. When

The fish diet supplemented with butyric

formic acid supplemented to shellfish not much result

acids can act as a diet attractant which

in positive evidence but in fish, it proved to be better.

increases the diet attractiveness and

Acetic acid

feed intake in Pacific white shrimp, L.

The dietary supplementation of 50 g kg1 acetic acid in

vannamei resulting in no effect on

trout diets tended to decrease gastric and caecal pH

phosphorus digestibility (Silva et al.,

but did not profoundly reduce the pH of

2013). In addition, Silva et al. (2016)

gastrointestinal tract contents, indicating that trouts

noted improved growth performance

are efficient in regulating endogenous gastric acid

and feed efficiency with no effect on

secretions to maintain their normal gut pH.

phosphorus retention. However, it

Nevertheless, it was observed that the addition of

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

acetic acid to trout diets significantly

butyrate resulted in an increase in final weight, feed

improved phosphorus availability in

efficiency, nitrogen retention, protein efficiency rate,

fish. Not much work has been carried

survival, and yield. Specific shrimps fed diet containing

out in using acetic acid as

2% butyrate were noted higher in comparison with

supplementation in fish and shellfish

control treatment (Silva et al., 2013).

feed (Sugiura et al., 2006).

Fumaric acid

Propionic acid

The inclusion of 0.5 g kg-1 of fumaric acid improved fish

Propionic acid contains one to five

hematological parameters. Overall, incorporation of

times more energy than wheat (Diebold fumaric acid in C. gariepinus diets improved fish survival and Eidelsburger 2006). If the energy

after Aeromonas sobria challenge (Omosowone et al.,

content of organic acids should be

2015)

completely used in metabolism it must

Conclusions

be included in the energy content of feed rations. The effect of

Currently, usage of organic acids in the field of aquaculture and in the aquafeed industry has picked up

supplementation of sodium salts of

and the farmers are greatly interested to increase the

lactic and propionic acid (10 kg/tone of

yield through the culture-based system and by

feed) was tested in Arctic charr in

salts on a sequential release medium

reviewed, many studies have reported that organic

has been successful in the grow-out of

acids, their salts or blends in feed improved growth,

Turkish rainbow trout (Karl Sacherer,

feed utilization, gut health and disease resistance in

personal communication, 2006). The

aquatic animals. Generally, reports on organic acids

shrimps which were fed diets

have noted improving growth performance and

supplemented with propionate and

nutrient utilization in aquaculture. The growth factor

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commercializing the use of organic acids in aquaculture brackish water at 8°C (Ringø, 1991). Use resulting in enhancement of both growth performance of formic and propionic acids and their and control diseases. As evident from the research

25

ARTICLE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

appears to be dependent on the type

Despite the discrepancies among the published data,

INDUSTRY NEWS

of organic acids used and host specific it appears that organic acids and/or their salts have (Ng and Koh, 2011).

good potential as dietary supplements to improve

It is anticipated that the use of dietary

growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and

organic acids as functional feed

nutrient digestibility. They alter gut microflora

additives in aqua feeds to be used in

populations and increase the disease resistance of

aquaculture will increase markedly in

aquaculture species. However, more research is

the near future. Available information

needed to better understand the mechanisms of the

on the beneficial effects of dietary

potential beneficial effects of these compounds and

inclusion of organic acids and their

their mixture. The issue now is one of education and

salts on fish and shell fish are less

enforcement, especially in many developing nations

experimented. Their performance is

where a significant amount of aquaculture production

inconsistent and appear to vary

still comes from small-scale farmers who may be

among fish species, fish size or age,

unaware of the dangers posed by the excessive use

and the types and levels of organic

and misuse of antibiotics. The economic window for

acids and salts or their combinations.

the incorporation of organic acids in aqua feeds is

Additional factors include the

therefore narrow. Convincing farmers and aquafeed

compositions of experimental diets,

manufacturers regarding the actual benefits of organic

buffering capacities of dietary

acid supplementation is crucial and this can only be

ingredients, culture and feed

done through scientifically proven, laboratory- and

management, and water quality.

field-based research data.

Oilmeal exports remain flat in April-February period Oilmeal exports during February 2019

soybean meal was shipped to the country compared

stood at 141,779 tons compared with

with just 23,000 tons last year, executive director SEA BV

248,663 tons inFebruary 2018, while the Mehta said. overall exports during April 2018 to

last year); of which 36,973 tons was soybean meal,

during the same period in the

181,560 ton of rapeseed meal, and 324,181 ton of rice

preceding year, data released by

bran extraction.

Image Source: BicarÂŽZ

542,930 tons of oil meals (compared with 638,188 tons

2,786,574 tons against 2,765,320 tons

Solvent Extractors' Association of India (SEA) show.

The export of rapeseed meal sharply increased to 962,990 (538,988) ton in

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

the first 11 months mainly aided by

26

During April 2018 to February 2019, Vietnam imported

February 2019 were reported at

exports to South Korea, Vietnam and Thailand.

According to the association, the export of rapeseed meal and soybean meal to China is unlikely to resume during the current financial year as the procedure for registration with the country's agriculture ministry is complex and time-consuming.

The Iranian market has opened for the Indian soybean meal. From April 2018 to February 2019, about 3.0 lakh tons of

South Korea imported 686,095 tons of oilmeals (against 752,799 ton), of which 412,720 ton was rapeseed meal, 30,476 tonsoybean meal and 242,899 tons castor meal.

Thailand imported 279,451 tons of oilmeals (compared with 174,077 tons last year), of which 16,541 ton was soybean meal, 22,443 ton de-oiled rice bran extraction and 240,393 tons of rapeseed meal.

France import 106,640 tons of oilmeals (against 137,299 ton last year) consisting of 103,256 tons of soybean meal and 3,384 tons of Castor meal.

Exports from Kandla are reported at 1,339,384 tons (48%) followed by Mumbai, of which JNPT handled 327,417 ton (12%), Mundra 384,539 ton (14%), Kolkata 368,963 ton (13%) and others, including Hazira and Pipavav, 366,271 tons (13%).

Source: financialexpress

INDUSTRY NEWS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

Strategic partnership of Delacon and Cargill to cater to China market The strategic partnership between

Products based on science

Delacon and Cargill paves the way for Started as a niche product in the 1980s, phytogenics the Chinese feed market, with four today provide a key solution for animal productivity phytogenic products available to

and sustainable, wholesome food production.

start with.

Delacon is the first and only company so far to

In 2017 Delacon and Cargill formed a

receive zootechnical EU registration for two

strategic partnership including a

phytogenic feed additives, proving its products meet

minority equity investment from

the scientific gold standard in the feed industry.

Cargill to deliver enhanced solutions

Zootechnical registration is a legal confirmation of

for their customers. After entering

safety and efficacy as a growth promoter by the

the Russian market last year together, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following a it is now time to bring Delacon

rigorous approval process.

phytogenic products to China.

Given the vast variety of powerful natural

As China is proposing to ban all in-

ingredients, phytogenic feed additives are known for

feed antimicrobial growth promoters

broad-spectrum efficacy, with proven impact on

starting in 2020, phytogenics

unlocking the nutritional potential in feed, control

represent a key solution for

and improve the digestive process, enhance the gut's

antibiotic-free animal nutrition.

microflora and boost the immune systems of farm

Through the partnership, Cargill's

animals to promote feed efficiency, keep animals

premix and nutrition business in

healthy and provide wholesome food while reducing

China and Delacon will deliver

the environmental impact.

enhanced customer solutions for the China market in a sustainable and natural way. This will bring more benefits to producers and consumers.

“2018 was still a year of transition and building trust between Delacon and CPN China,” says Kevin Wang, Delacon regional sales manager in China. “But for this year we have put together very ambitious sales activities that will make a net difference with the past and will put Delacon as an important supplier in The partnership connects Delacon's experience in phytogenics with Cargill's deep expertise in applied nutrition. “At Cargill and at Delacon, we have a strong commitment to our customers, we are both sciencedriven innovators and, we deliver high product quality,” says John Fering, managing director of Cargill's premix and nutrition business in China.

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phytogenic space in China.”

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EVENT COVERAGE

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

9th edition of The Feeds & Nutrition Course By SFR

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

This year Schothorst Feed Research will

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formulation for poultry, swine and ruminants) also

organise the Feeds & Nutrition course

species transcending topics are offered (feedstuffs, feed

for the 9th time. The Feeds & Nutrition

quality, feed processing, mycotoxins).

course is a yearly recurring course that

All modules are given by researchers and consultants

is specially designed for animal

from SFR, together with experts from the field. More

nutrition specialists. The 9th edition will

than 120 participants from all over the world working in

be held 3-7 June 2019 at the Inntel

the feed industry are expected. The setting of the

Hotels in Zaandam, near Amsterdam.

course stimulates participants to share experiences in

From science to practice

combination with theoretical background. For each

The goal of the Feeds & Nutrition

animal category, an excursion is organised to relevant

course is to share scientific knowledge

Dutch companies to provide a glimpse into Dutch

in such a way that the participant can

livestock farming.

implement this knowledge in daily

For whom?

work. To achieve this, 16 different

The course is designed for nutritionists, purchasing

modules are offered from which the

managers, product managers and quality assurance

participants can compose their own

managers of feed and feed additive producers or others

program. Besides the species-specific

involved in the feed and allied industry.

modules (basic principles, nutrient

Registration is required before May 10, 2019. More detailed information can be found

evaluation, applied nutrition and feed

at the company's website: www.schothorst.nl.

2019

CALENDAR OF EVENTS

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019

MARCH International Poultry & Livestock Expo Date: 27-30 March 2019 Venue: Dhaka, Bangladesh Email: contact@cems-foodagro.com Web: www.cems-foodagro.com

Dairy Livestock & Poultry Expo Africa Date: 19-21 June 2019 Venue: Nairobi, Kenya Email: africa@dlpexpo.com Web: www.dlpexpo.com

OCTOBER MAY China Animal Husbandry Exhibition (CAHE) Date: 18-20 May 2019 Venue: Qingdao International Convention Center Email: caaa@caaa.cn Web: www.caaa.com.cn/2019/en/

JUNE VICTAM International Date: 12-14 June 2019 Venue: Cologne, Germany Email: expo@victam.com Web: www.victaminternational.com

Dairy Industry Expo Date: 11-13 October 2019 Venue: ACEC, Pune Email: dairyindustryexpo@gmail.com Web: www.dairyindustryexpo.com

Global Outlook for Aquaculture Leadership (GOAL) Date: 21-24 October 2019 Venue: Leela Palace, Chennai Email: sally.krueger@aquaculturealliance.org Web: www.aquaculturealliance.org

VIV Turkey Date: 13-15 June 2019 Venue: Istanbul - Turkey Email: hande@hkf-fairs.com Web: www.vivturkey.com

www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in

Asian Pacific Aquaculture Date: 18-20 June 2019 Venue: Chennai, India Email: worldaqua@was.org Web: www.marevent.com

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To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at info@thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in