[ThichTiengAnh.Com] GUIDE TO B1 VSTEP - HƯỚNG DẪN KĨ THUẬT LÀM BÀI THI B1 VSTEP (2018 EDITION) BY TH

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GUIDE TO B1 VSTEP (HƯỚNG DẪN KĨ THUẬT LÀM BÀI THI B1 VSTEP)

LỚP HỌC TIẾNG ANH THẦY NHÂN 2018 - LỚP KÈM TIẾNG ANH CHO NGƯỜI MẤT GỐC - LỚP TIẾNG ANH GIAO TIẾP CƠ BẢN/NÂNG CAO - LỚP IELTS (PHỎNG VẤN XIN VIỆC, DU HỌC) - ÔN THI B1 VSTEP

LÊ THANH TÚ NHÂN VÀ CỘNG SỰ 0905535797

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Mục lục CHƯƠNG 1: HƯỚNG DẪN KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC ......................................................................... 2 CHƯƠNG 2: HƯỚNG DẪN KỸ NĂNG VIẾT ...................................................................... 21 CHƯƠNG 3: HƯỚNG DẪN KỸ NĂNG NGHE .................................................................... 55 CHƯƠNG 4: HƯỚNG DẪN KỸ NĂNG NÓI ........................................................................ 56 CHƯƠNG 5: ĐỀ THI THỬ ...................................................................................................... 97 ĐỀ THI THỬ SỐ 1 ................................................................................................................. 98 PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – VSTEP....................................................................................... 99 PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – VSTEP........................................................................................ 105 PHẦN 3: VIẾT - VSTEP................................................................................................... 115 PHẦN 4: NÓI - VSTEP ..................................................................................................... 116 ĐỀ THI THỬ SỐ 2 ............................................................................................................... 118 PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – VSTEP..................................................................................... 119 PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – VSTEP........................................................................................ 125 PHẦN 3: VIẾT - VSTEP................................................................................................... 135 PHẦN 4: NÓI - VSTEP ..................................................................................................... 136 ĐỀ THI THỬ SỐ 3 ............................................................................................................... 138 PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – VSTEP..................................................................................... 139 PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – VSTEP........................................................................................ 145 PHẦN 3: VIẾT - VSTEP................................................................................................... 154 PHẦN 4: NÓI - VSTEP ..................................................................................................... 156 HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM ĐỀ SỐ 1 ............................................................................................. 158 HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM ĐỀ SỐ 2 ............................................................................................. 179 ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ SỐ 3 .................................................................................................................. 200

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CHƯƠNG 1: HƯỚNG DẪN KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC

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KĨ THUẬT SKIMMING Skimming là một kỹ thuật đọc nhanh. Nó liên quan đến việc đọc có chọn lọc các phần quan trọng nhất trong đoạn văn bản để : 

Biết được đoạn văn bản cấu tạo như thế nào, đó là cách mà nó được chia ra thành từng phần hoặc từng đoạn văn



Có được ý chung của đoạn văn nói về gì



Quyết định rằng đoạn văn có thú vị hay không và liệu các em có nên đọc nó chi tiết hơn không

Đọc lướt được làm xong nhanh gấp 3 hoặc 4 lần so với cách đọc bình thường. Mọi người thường hay đọc lướt khi họ có quá nhiều thứ quan trọng để đọc trong một khoảng thời gian giới hạn. Sử dụng skimming khi các em muốn biết rằng liệu đoạn văn có thú vị để các em nghiên cứu hay không.

Gợi ý và mẹo để đọc lướt qua đoạn văn 

Đọc tiêu đề, phụ đề để biết được đoạn văn đang nói về gì



Nhìn vào những minh họa để đưa ra cho các em những thông tin thêm về chủ đề



Khi các em đang đọc lướt một đoạn văn để hiểu nội dung chung, đừng cố phải hiểu từng từ một. Lưới từ đoạn này sang đoạn kìa, tìm những nội dung chính trong mỗi đoạn trước khi sang đoạn tiếp theo. Nội dung chính của mỗi đoạn thường (không phải luôn luôn) là câu đầu tiên của mỗi đoạn văn. Các câu mà đi với nội dung chính thường được gọi là câu chủ đề



Khi các em đang nhìn vào câu để hiểu nội dung chính, cố gắng tìm những từ chủ yếu trong câu, cụ thể là các chủ từ, động từ và tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính. Cố gắng tránh các từ khác, cụ thể là các mệnh đề quan hệ và mệnh đề tính từ Examples:



Whale oil, rendered from the blubber, was used originally for lamp fuel and later as a principle ingredient of soap, margarine, paint oils and lubricants.

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Trong quá trình đọc lướt qua thì đủ để hiểu rằng: loại dầu này từng được sử dụng cho thứ gì đó Hoặc thử đọc lướt qua các đoạn này  Tea plants are grown on tea plantations, called gardens or estates, in areas that have a great amount of rainfall and rich loamy oil.

Nó đủ để hiểu rằng cây trà được trồng ở đâu đó/bằng cách nào đó. Nếu sau đó các em thấy một câu hỏi liên quan đến câu này thì các em có thể quay lại đoạn này và đọc kỹ hơn  Khi các em hoàn thành việc đọc lướt qua đoạn văn thì tiếp tục đọc lướt qua câu hỏi. Các em cần phải biết rằng có bao nhiêu câu hỏi và các câu hỏi đó hỏi về gì.

Bây giờ các em có thể luyện tập việc đọc lướt đoạn văn. Để đọc lướt qua nhanh nhất có thể thì có một số khoảng thời gian giới hạn gợi ý Bài tập 1: Xác định tiêu đề phù hợp của đoạn văn dưới trong 60s a. Population figures for China b. Assessing China’s farmland c. Global population and the future The world’s population is forecast to reach 7.5 billion by 2020, and growing prosperity, especially in China, is fuelling a rising appetite for meat and cereals. Yet it is becoming harder to find new farmland, water is increasingly scare and crop-yield growth is slowing. Already 167 million children are malnourished. Are hungry times ahead?

Bài tập 2: Xác định tiêu đề phù hợp của đoạn văn dưới trong 60s A. Britain’s modern motorway system B. Roman principles relevant today C. 6000km of Roman roads

Between 43AD and 81 AD Roman Britain acquired 6000km network of technically advanced, hard bearing and straight highways linking towns of importance. Today Britain’s motorway system is only half that length. The basic Roman philosophy of building a road to cope with

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different types and volumes of vehicles and using local materials where possible still applies today.

Bài tập 3: Đọc đoạn văn“difficulties commonly experiences by oversea students”. Xác định tiêu đề cho mỗi đoạn trong 5’. Để ý những gợi ý bằng các từ được gạch chân.

Danh sách các tiêu đề i.

Personal finances

ii.

Language and communication

iii.

Being different and apart

iv.

Cultural adjustment

v.

Study related concern

vi.

Family support

vii.

Getting around

viii.

Living independently

Difficulties commonly experienced by oversea students The problems experienced by oversea students are now generally well documented. The issues that cause the greatest difficulty can be summarized as follows: A……………………………………………….

This involves getting used to the new country and different way of life, customs, and values. In addition, students also have to deal with the sense of loss ( missing family, friends, familiar food and places). These issues are usually referred to by the term “cultural shock”.

B…………………………………………………

Managing on a limited budget is a challenge for most, but it is especially so for people living in an unfamiliar environment. Students may have to pay for education and living expenses, find a reasonable place to live and, in some cases, a part time job to supplement any scholarship or money from home.

C…………………………………………………

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Many students are not used to looking after themselves. At home, parents and family usually assist them in coping with shopping, cooking, personal finances and general managing their affairs. Oversea, all of these things must be done without the family’s support.

D…………………………………………………

Even some of the students who have been educated in an English language school have problems communicating freely at university level. Many students find reading and writing in English especially difficult. Participating in classroom discussion and asking questions of staff often produce difficulties.

E………………………………………………………

Differences in the style and traditions of learning between Western and Asian countries frequently cause difficulty. Many overseas students find it difficult to adapt to Western notions of independent thinking and learning. Students from some countries may also have difficulty because they lack experience in using well-equipped libraries and laboratories.

F…………………………………………………………..

This refers both to experiences of racial intolerance and the relatively low level of contact that overseas students have with local people. Students often report being uncomfortable about generalized discrimination in a later section of this book.

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KĨ THUẬT SCANNING Scanning là phương pháp được sử dụng khi các em cần tìm trong bài văn một cách nhanh chóng để xác định được thông tin cụ thể mà các em cần để trả lời các câu hỏi Khi các em quét qua để xác định một số thông tin cụ thể (ví dụ như tên, địa điểm, ngày tháng, các cụm từ cụ thể ), không cần thiết để đọc và hiểu các từ trong bài văn. Khi các em nhìn vào một số câu, các em chỉ cần phải hiều đủ để trả lời câu hỏi thôi : cái đó có phải là thứ mình đang tìm hay không? Vì thế các em chỉ cần hiểu chủ đề trong mỗi câu. Ví dụ như, các em hãy đọc đoạn này : Example : Like perfumes, cosmetics were originally used as an adjunct to religious ritual, the ceremonial aspects gradually being lost as both men and women adorned themselves with cosmetics.  Các em xác định được chủ từ của câu này là mỹ phẩm (cosmetics) và thế là đủ rồi. Không cần thiết để đọc tất cả các chi tiết. Các em biết rằng câu này có thể không chứa những thông tin mà các em cần nên các em nhanh chóng chuyển qua câu tiếp theo. Điều này gọi là scanning Hints and tips for better scanning Gợi ý và mẹo để quét tốt hơn 1. Đừng cố gắng đọc tất cả từng từ một. Thay vào đó hãy để mắt các em lướt nhanh qua trang cho đến khi các em tìm được thứ mà các em muốn 2. Sử dụng các manh mối trên trang, ví dụ như phần mở đầu và tiêu đề để giúp các em 3. Nếu các em đang đọc để học thì bắt đầu bằng việc nghĩ và viết ra một số câu hỏi mà các em muốn trả lời. Sử dụng việc quét qua để tập trung đầu óc và giúp các em tìm được những thông tin mà các em cần một cách nhanh chóng

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CÁCH LÀM CÁC CÂU HỎI NHIỀU LỰA CHỌN 

Gạch chân hoặc tô các từ khóa trong câu hỏi



Đọc nhanh các câu chưa các ý chính trong mỗi đoạn văn của bài

 

Loại bỏ các lựa chọn trong các câu hỏi mà các em nghĩ là sai hoàn toàn Quyết định sự lựa chọn đúng

Bài tập 1: Chọn câu trả lời đúng cho từng câu hỏi tương ứng bằng phương pháp “scan”, thời gian tối đa 4’. Để ý những từ khóa đã được gạch chân trong câu hỏi.

Dear Sir, I received a communication from you today asking me to complete a question to help determine the spending habits of the population. I would willingly do this but you failed to enclose the aforementioned questionnaire. In order to assist you, I will send you some details of my lifestyle, which you can use to fill in the questionnaire at your office on my behalf.

Although I have been living in England since coming to study for my A levels, I spent my early childhood in Australia. I am not British as my father was born in Poland and my mother in Italy and we all hold Australian passports.

I studied for my first degree at Leeds University but am now doing postdoctoral research in Electrical Engineering at the University of Easthampton. As I am presently not earning a regular salary, my expenditure is kept to a minimum. I am not a house owner and am currently living in the halls of residence at my university. I pay a subsidized rent, which is inclusive of all utilities, so I do not have to worry about gas, electricity or water bills. I tend to eat mostly in the university canteen so I only go shopping in the local supermarkets about once a fortnight. At the very least I spend ten pounds but I usually pay about twice that each time. Designer clothes are not in my budget nor do me frequently high street stores. I prefer to wear used clothes, mostly from charity shops. If they are not perfect I manage to repair them myself. My one real extravagance is electrical equipment. I have a state of the art sound system and a wide screen flat panel television with DVD facilities, which I bought less than a year ago and I am still paying for it every month on my credit card. This is rather an expensive pastime as I really only use them about twice a week.

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Concerning transportation, since I live on campus, I walk to my office or the library but if I travel into town, I sometimes take the special university bus or more likely I cycle. I did have a car when I began my doctorate but sold it when the cost of its upkeep became prohibitive.

As for entertainment, I occasionally go to the theatre, I play football three times a week, I swim everyday and I go for dinner to a local restaurant once a month.

If you should require information about my life, either contact me here at the university or send me a questionnaire which I can personally complete in full.

Yours faithfully, Carlo Tulinski SIMPSON SURVEY SERVICES British lifestyle questionnaire Please complete the questionnaire by circling the appropriate option or giving details of your personal lifestyle.

1. Where do you live?

A. England

B. Northern Ireland

C. Scotland

D. Wales

2. Please state your nationality…………………………

3. Please state your current professional status A. students D. civil servant

B. self-employed

C. private employee

E. unemployed

4. What is your level of education?

A. basic compulsory education B. completion of secondary education C. first degree attained D. post graduation degree attained

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5. Where do you live?

A. own house/ flat

B. rented house/ flat

C. student accommodation

D. rented room in private house

E. commercial accommodation 6. How often do you shop for food?

A. everyday

B. every week

C. every two weeks

D. every month

7. What is your average supermarket bill?

A. ten pounds

B. twenty pounds

C forty pounds

D. eighty pounds

8. What kind of clothes do you prefer?

A. From chain stores B. From local markets C. Home made D. Second hand E. Designer wear 9. How do you prefer to pay for expensive items?

A. in cash

B. by installments

C. by cheque 10. How do usually travel in cities?

A. by car

B. by train

D. by bicycle

E. on foot

C. by bus F. by motorbike

11. What is your favorite leisure activity?

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A. watching TV

B. listening to music

D. going to theatre

E. doing sport

C. eating out

Exercise 3: look at the questions below, scan the passage then choose the best answers.

Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng cho từng câu hỏi tương ứng bằng phương pháp “scan”, thời gian tối đa 4’. Để ý những từ khóa đã được gạch chân trong câu hỏi.

Humanitarian Dorothea Dix was born in Hampden Maine, in 1802. At the age of 19, she established a school for girls, the Dix Mansion school, in Boston, but had to close it in 1835 due to her poor health, she wrote and published the first of many books for children in 1824. In 1841, Dix accepted an invitation to teach classes at a prison in East Cambridge, Massachusetts. She was deeply disturbed by the sight of mentally-ill persons thrown in the trail and treated like criminals. For the next eighteen months, she torn Massachusetts institutions where other mental patients were confided and reported the shocking conditions she found to the state legislature.

When improvements followed in Massachusetts, she turned her attention to the neighbouring state and to the West and South.

Dix’s work was interrupted by the civil War, she served as superintendent of women hospital nurse for federal government.

Dix saw special hospital for the mentally ill built in some fifteen states. Although her plan to obtain public land for her cause failed, she arouses concern for the problem of mental illnesses all over the United State as well as in Canada and Europe.

Dix’s success was due to her independent and thorough research, her gentle but persistent manners, and her ability to secure the help of powerful and wealthy supporters.

1. In what year was the Dix Mansion school closed?

A. 1822 B. 1824 C. 1835 D. 1841 2. Why did Dorothea Dix first go to a prison?

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A. She taught classes there B. She was sent there by the state legislature C. She was convicted of a crime D. She was doing research for a book 3. Where was Dorothea Dix first able to bring about reforms in the treatment of the mentally ill?

A. Canada B. Massachusetts C. The West and South D. Europe 4. Dorothea Dix was Not successful in her attempt to A. Become superintendent of nurse B. Publish books for children C. Arouse concern for mentally ill D. Obtain publish land 5. At what point of the passage does the author discuss specific reason for Dix’s success A. Lines 14-16 B. Lines 12-14 C. Lines 10-13 D. Lines 8-9

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SỰ LIÊN QUAN What is reading for reference? Đọc để liên tưởng là gì?

Việc đọc thành công có nghĩa là các có thể thấy được mối quan hệ giữa các từ khác nhau, và có thể nối với các thông tin lại chứ không phải là hiểu các từ riêng biệt. Hãy nhìn ví dụ dưới đây : How do humans produce speech? First the brain issues a command to the lungs to initiate an airstream. Before this stream can become speech, however, it must pass through, or by, the larynx, pharynx, tongue, teeth, lips and nose _ all of which can modify the airstream in various ways.

You might understand every word in the paragraph but you need to see the relationship of the words to one another to be a successful reader. You have to see what “it” and “all of which” relate to. “It” relates to “the airstream” and “all of which” relates to “the larynx, pharynx, tongue, teeth, lips and nose”.

Các em có thể hiểu mỗi từ trong đoạn văn này nhưng các em cần phải thấy mối quan hệ giữa các từ này với từ khác để trở thành một đọc giả thành công. Các em cần phải biết được “it” và “all of which” liên quan đến cái gì. “It” liên quan đến the airstream và “all of which” liên quan đến the larynx, pharynx, tongue, teeth, lips and nose.

The most typical example of matching information is matching reference, that is, how one word refers to other words. If you cannot understand all the references, you cannot understand the passage. There are many types of referece.

Một ví dụ điển hỉnh của việc nối thông tin đó là nối các từ liên quan, có nghĩa là một từ này đề cập đến từ kia như thế nào. Nếu các em không thể hiểu tất cả các từ liên quan, các em không thể hiểu bài văn. Có rất nhiều loại từ liên quan 1. Các đại từ : (he, she, it, they, himself, herself, this, that, these, what, who, where) Many people wrote to complain.

We received about twenty calls a day.

They particularly objected to….

These range from requests for….

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The hospital receives insufficient funding.

This is a major problem.

He asked if I could lend him a torch.

Unfortunately, I didn’t have one.

2. Trợ động từ : (e.g. do/did, have/had, can/could, will/would) We all tell white lies occasionally.

Life would be difficult if we didn’t.

You need to pay the fee now.

If you can’t, please let us know.

They asked me to help.

I said I would.

3. There, then, so, much…

At the beginning of the 19th century….

Things were very different then.

You may experience symptoms of nausea.

Such symptoms are not uncommon.

4. Cách diễn tả song song His fellow mathematicians

his colleague

Feelings of anger and betrayal

strong emotions.

5. Mạo từ A survey….( First reference)

the survey …. (later reference)

Làm sao có thể tìm ra các từ liên quan? Các từ liên quan trong là các đại từ như “it”, “them”, “they”, hoặc “this”. Khi từ liên quan là là một đại từ thì hãy tìm các danh từ ở trước mà có thể khớp với đại từ này. Hãy chắc chắn ràng bạn nối chúng cùng giới tính (trai hoặc gái), số đếm (số nhiều hoặc số ít),…thay thế đại từ với danh từ đó và kiểm tra xem nếu nghĩa của chúng có thích hợp hay không. Ví dụ như ở câu bên dưới, khi ‘her’ được thay cho ‘Sandra’. Vì thế ‘her’ liên tưởng đến ‘Sandra’ Sandra’s closest friends are Amy and Lee. They study with her at the university.

Lưu ý:

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

Khi trả lời một câu hỏi về các từ liên quan, hãy cảnh giác rằng những danh từ gần với từ liên quan nhất có thể không luôn luôn là câu trả lời đúng



Các từ liên quan có thể liên quan đến một danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ được cấu tạo bằng một vài từ

Bài tập: Xác định những từ được gạch chân dùng để thay thế từ gì trong câu 1. Once in the café you must buy something, so you spend your last fifty centimes on a glass of black coffee with a dead fly in it.

2. You spend your last eighty centimes on half a liter of milk and you are boiling it over the spirit lamp 3. The city’s busiest underground station- St. Paul’s in Cheapside- unlocks its gates. To get there on time, the station foreman, John Milne, has to come in by bus from Good Mayes in Essex.

4. The tiny number of residents -7500, many of them caretakers, 4000 of them living in the Barbican- is suddenly and dramatically increased.

5. The city’s working day ends earlier than most of the rest of London. That’s reasonable, it starts earlier.

6. Good husbandry – forest ecology, wisdom in planning, less greed and stupidity – could keep man and the delicate rain forest relationship in balance indefinitely. This is our last great store house…our last wonderland.

7. Birthmarks, once almost untreatable, are a mass of blood vessels and, being red, they absorb the laser beam strongly. It seals them so that the mark becomes conspicuous.

8. Britain, though, is one of the leaders in the laser treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers and this, combined with new medicines can mean ulcer treatment without conventional surgery.

9. When you think that you too might be asked to pay two sous extra, and would have to confess you could not, you bolt in panic. What could you not do?

10. Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities,. Some think that they have none at all. But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch- if only you show it. Everyone does what? One of your what? What does it refers to?

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11. Before writing a resume, take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means. What does it prefer to?

12. When you are satisfied, send your resume to printer, a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right. What does it refer to?

13. To be fair to all concerned, the film was made in Greece, partly in the USA and partly in Britain, and that probably explains why so many filled so seemingly identical roles. What does that refer to?

14. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer of prose fiction is constrained by nothing except purely artistic criteria. This does not necessarily make hos task easer than that of the writer of plays and screenplays.

15. Tiger moths are covered with highly conspicuous oranges and black or yellow and black patterns of sport and stripes, such boldly patterned colour combinations are commonplace in animal world, serving the function of forewarning potential predators of unpleasant tastes and smell.

16. Detergents clean clothes by first removing particles of dirt from the fabric, then suspending the particles until they can be washed away.

17. A number of sculptors have rejected the abstractions of minimalist artists. These sculptors have developed a style of extreme realism involving ordinary subjects.

18. The details information in maps is now produced almost entirely from satellite photography rather than by ground surveying because this method is faster, cheaper and more accurate.

19. Ruth sat three- hour papers- algebra and geometry, calculus, probability and statistics, and math, pure and applied. I was happy with the first two, she said yesterday, but I wasn’t sure about the third.

20. The major educational distinction between on campus and distance teaching is the reliance on group based strategies in the former and the obligation to individualise instruction the latter

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CÁCH XỬ LÝ CÁC TỪ VỰNG KHÓ Từ vựng hạn chế có thể là một trong những vấn đề khó khăn nhất của các em Không cần thiết để hiểu mọi từ có trong bài văn. Tuy vậy, các em cần phải biết được hơn 50% các từ nếu các em muốn hiểu được nội dung chính của bài viết Phương pháp giải quyết các từ không biết khi đọc đoạn văn: -

Phớt lờ chúng

-

Tìm nghĩa được đưa ở đâu đó trong câu hoặc ở câu sau hoặc trước đó

-

Đoán nghĩa của chúng từ ngữ cảnh

Phớt lờ các từ không quen thuộc Ví dụ hãy xem bài tập này, đọc đoạn văn về sự béo phì và trả lời các câu hỏi Obesity is a medical disorder that affects approximately 20-30% of the population of the United States of America. It is an excessive accumulation of body fat that results from the storage of excess food energy calories in the body’s fat cells.

1. The most American people suffer from obesity. True, false, or not given?

2. This paragraph presents…. a. Some examples of obesity b. A definition of obesity c. The different types of obesity d. The treatment of obesity When reading this passage, a student may find many unknown words and underline them.

However, both questions can be answered without knowing the meaning of the italic words. It is even unnecessary to know the meaning of the word “obesity” Khi đọc bài văn này, học sinh có thể tìm thấy các từ mà mình không biết và gạch chân chúng.

Tuy vậy, cả 2 câu hỏi đề có thể được trả lời mà không cần phải biết nghĩa của từng từ một. Thậm chí chúng ta không cần phải biết nghĩa của từ “obesity” Tìm nghĩa của các từ không quen thuộc được đưa ra ở đâu đó trong câu

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Thỉnh thoảng một câu đưa ra định nghĩa của một từ vựng mới hoặc thông tin về nó. Thông tin này có thể ở trong dấu ngoặc đơn, sau (-), hoặc sau (,).

Ví dụ : there were sixty one identical cats in the classroom, each one exactly like the one on the board.  Vậy identical nghĩa là gì? Nó có nghĩa là hoàn toàn giống nhau Thỉnh thoảng nghĩa hoặc gợi ý đến nghĩa của từ vựng mới năm ở trong câu khác Ví dụ : a teacher from western country recently visited elementary school in an Asian country. In one class, she watched sixty young children.  Vậy nghĩa của từ elenmentary là gì? Đó là một trường học cho trẻ em Đoán nghĩa của từ trong ngữ cảnh Nếu như việc đoán nghĩa chính xác của một từ mà em không biết là điều cần thiết thì các em không thể tra mỗi từ đó ở trong từ điển được bởi vì điều đó rất chán và tốn thời gian, đặc biệt là khi các em đọc một đoạn văn dài và quan trọng hơn là nó bị cấm khi các em đang làm bài kiểm tra. Bây giờ hãy chú ý làm thế nào để sử dụng ngữ cảnh để đoán nghĩa của từ Trong một bài đọc thông thường, có một số các tín hiệu mà có thể giúp các em xác định được nghĩa của các từ không biết 

Từ đồng nghĩa :

The first state to institute compulsory was Massachusetts, which made is mandatory for students to attend school twelve weeks a year.

Mandatory là từ đồng nghĩa của compulsory Ví dụ : Many gardeners use some kind of mulch , such as chopped leaves, peat moss, grass clippings, pine needles, or wood chips, in order to stop the growth of weeds and hold in moisture.

Từ ví dụ đã cho, rõ rãng mulch là một vấn đề của thực vật

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

Tương phản

In the 1820s, the southern states supported improvements in the national transportation system, but the northern states disagreed with the idea, and that the word balked must mean objected or refused 

Ngữ cảnh chung

In the desert, vegetarian is so scanty as to be incapable of supporting any large human population As is generally known desert contain little vegetation , so clearly scanty must mean scare or barely sufficient.

Theo hiểu biết chung, sa mạc có rất ít thảm thực vật, vì vậy rõ ràng scanty có nghĩa là sợ hãi hoặc là không đủ Các bước để đoán nghĩa từ ngữ cảnh Step 1: nhìn vào các từ chưa biết và hãy xem nó là danh từ, động từ, tính từ hay trạng từ?

Step 2: Xem các mệnh đề và các câu mà chứa các từ đó Nếu từ chưa biết đó là một danh từ thì tính từ nào diễn tả nó? Động từ nào gần nó? Danh từ này làm gì?

If the unknown word is a verb, what noun does it go with? Is it modified by an adverb?

Nếu từ đó là một động từ, danh từ nào đi với nó? Nó có bị thay đổi bởi một trạng từ không? Đó là một tính từ thì danh từ nào đi với nó?

Nếu đó là một trạng từ thì động từ nào mà bị nó thay đổi?

Step 3: Xem mối quan hệ giữa câu chứa từ đó với các câu khác 

Thỉnh thoảng mối quan hệ này được ký hiểu bởi một liên từ như but, because, if, when hoặc một trang từ như however, as a result



The possible types of relationship include cause and effect, contrast, inclusion, time, exemplification, and summary.... punctuation may also serve as a clue. Semicolons often

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signal a list of inclusion relationships; dashes may signal restatement. Reference words like “this” “that”, and “such” also provide useful information 

Các loại mối quan hệ có thể bao gồm nguyên nhân và kết quả, tương phản, bao hàm, minh họa. Các từ liên quan như this, that và such cũng có thể cung cấp những thông tin hữu ích

Step 4: Sử dụng kiến thức mà bạn có được từ bước 1-3 để đoán nghĩa của từ đó Step 5: Kiểm trang rằng bạn đoán có đúng hay không 

Thay thế từ không biết bằng từ mà bạn đoán. Nếu câu có nghĩa thì sự phán đoán của bạn có thể là đúng

Bài tập: Tìm nghĩa của những từ được gạch chân.

1. A children’s art lesson produced a room full of unique pictures, each one completely different from the other.

2. The instructor also teachers the culture (the ideas and beliefs of society) 3. People highly value individualism- the differences among people 4. Most Asian societies value discipline, or self-control 5. All insects are invertebrate, that is, they have no backbone.

6. The teacher drew a big circle on the black board, and the children copied it. Then she drew a smaller circle, and the class drew it in the same way 7. The teaching methods were very different from the ways of teaching in her county.

8. Students memorize information; they learn and remember basis rules and facts.

9. They work individually and find answers themselves.

10. Each education system is a mirror that reflects the value of the society. In the orient, it shows society’s beliefs in group goals rather than individualism.

11. People in western cultures value individualism highly. Teachers place a lot of importance on the qualities that make each person special 12. The word filibuster comes from the Dutch freebooter, or pirate.

13. The flu, influenza, is probably the most common cause of absenteeism.

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CHƯƠNG 2: HƯỚNG DẪN KỸ NĂNG VIẾT

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VSTEP WRITING PART 1 – WRITING A LETTER A successful letter consists of (Một bức thư hoàn hảo bao gồm) 1. Một lời chào thích hợp (Dear Mr. Nhân, Dear Sir/Madam, etc, ) 2. Một đoạn văn mở đầu với phát biểu rõ ràng nêu ra lý do viết thư 3. Thân bài nơi phát triển đề tài 4. Một đoạn kết luận để tổng kết đề tài 5. Kết thúc thư phù hợp (your faithfully/sincerely + full name, Best wishes + first name ) 2 LOẠI THƯ CHÍNH FORMAL (TRANG TRỌNG)

INFORMAL (THÂN MẬT)

Formal greetings and endings (lời chào và

Informal greetings and endings (lời chào và

tạm biệt trang trọng)

tạm biệt thân mật)

Formal language ( Complex sentence, non-

Informal language styles (idioms, phrasal

colloquial language, advanced vocabulary )

verbs, colloquial English and omission of

(câu phức, từ ngữ trang trọng, từ vựng nâng

pronouns) (dạng ngôn ngữ thân mật: thành

cao )

ngữ, tiếng Anh thông tục và rút gọn đại từ )

No abbreviated forms (Không có dạng tóm

Abbreviated forms (Dạng tóm tắt)

tắt)

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LETTERS OF REQUEST (VIẾT ĐỂ YÊU CẦU 1 VIỆC GÌ ĐÓ) 1. Request letters for goods and services (Yêu cầu về đồ dùng và dịch vụ) Mở bài

- I am writing because I am interested in your advertisement for the new models of computers sold in your company (Tôi viết thư bởi vì tôi hứng thú với quảng cáo về mẫu máy tính mới được bán trong công ty bạn.)

- I am writing on account of (Tôi viết thư này bởi vì) - I am writing to (Tôi viết thư để)

Yêu cầu thứ nhất

- Could you possibly send me….. as soon as possible? (Bạn có thể gửi cho tôi…sớm nhất có thể không?)

- I would like you to ….. (Tôi muốn) - I would be grateful if you could/would……without delay (Tôi rất cảm kích nếu bạn có thể…mà không chậm trễ) - Would it be possible for you to send/sell…… (Bạn có thể…)

- I would like to order…… from your company. (Tôi muốn đặt…từ công ty bạn.)

- We would appreciate if you could……immediately (Chúng tôi đánh giá cao nếu bạn có thể … ngay lập tức)

Yêu cầu thứ hai nếu có

- Could you also please send me/deliver…… (Bạn có thể chuyển cho tôi…. được không?)

- Another thing/matter I need is…… (Thứ mà tôi cần nữa đó là…)

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Thể hiện sự mong chờ được hồi đáp

- I look forward to receiving your reply. (Tôi chờ nhận được sự trả lời của bạn) - I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience (Tôi chờ nhận được thông tin từ bạn sớm nhất có thể.)

- I am looking forward to hearing from you at any time which is convenient to you (Tôi chờ bạn trả lời bất cứ lúc nào mà thoải mái với bạn) - Please call me at……if you require further information. (Làm ơn gọi tôi

Kết thúc

số…nếu bạn cần thêm thông tin) - If you wish to confirm the above with me, I can be reached at 0906 535 797 (Nếu như bạn muốn xác nhận các điều trên với tôi, bạn có thể liên lạc với tôi qua số 0906 535 797) - If you have any requires, please give me a call at……I look forward to hearing from you soon. (Nếu bạn có yêu cầu gì, gọi tôi theo số…Tôi mong nghe tin từ bạn) - Please do not hesitate to call me at……if you wish to raise any questions.

(Làm ơn đừng do dự gọi tôi theo số…nếu bạn cần thêm bất kỳ câu hỏi nào.)

2. Request letters for information (Thư yêu cầu thông tin) Mở đầu

- With reference to your advertisement for the course of English on Facebook, I am writing to ask for further information about the course. (Về sự liên quan đến quảng cáo của bạn về khóa học tiếng Anh trên Facebook, tôi viết thư để có thêm thông tin về khóa học.)

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Yêu cầu đầu tiên

- Could you please explain…..? (Bạn có thể làm ơn giải thích?)

- I would like instruction about….. (Tôi muốn sự chỉ dẫn về…)

- I would appreciate information about…..(Tôi rất biết ơn thông tin về…)

- Would it be possible for you to clarify…..? (Bạn có thể làm rõ…)

- I would be very grateful if you could send me information/ directions/ instructions… (Tôi rất biết ơn nếu bạn có thể gửi cho tôi thông tin/chỉ dẫn/..)

Yêu cầu thứ hai nếu có

- Another matter I need information on is…..(Vấn đề nữa mà tôi cần thông tin đó là) - Another point I am not certain about is….. (Một điểm nữa tôi không chắc đó là…)

- I would also like some help/ information/ clarification on …..(Tôi cũng cần một số trợ giúp/thông tin/..)

Thể hiện sự mong chờ được hồi đáp

- I look forward to receiving your reply. (Tôi chờ phản hồi của bạn) - I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience - I am looking forward to hearing from you at any time which is convenient to you

Kết thúc

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LETTER OF GIVING OPINION (VIẾT THƯ CHO BIẾT Ý KIẾN CỦA MÌNH) Useful languages Mở đầu

- I am writing to response/ in reply to your letter asking for advice about (Tôi viết thư để phản hồi thư của bạn hỏi cho lời khuyên về…)

- I hope the following advice/ suggestions will be of some help to you (Tôi hy vọng những lời khuyên sau đây sẽ giúp bạn) - I would like to give my views on…(Tôi xin đưa ra quan điểm của tôi về… )

Lời khuyên

- I strongly recommend (+V-ing) that…… (Tôi đặt biệt giới thiệu) - I believe that the best course of action is……(Tôi tin hướng đi tốt nhất của hành động này là…)

- I would advise you to……(Tôi khuyên bạn nên) - You ought to……(Bạn nên)

Gợi ý

- I would suggest that……(Tôi gợi ý ) - I would like to offer one/ two suggestions concerning (Tôi muốn đưa ra vài gợi ý liên quan ) - May I suggest that……(Tôi có thể gợi ý rằng…?)

- Another suggestion would be to……(Gợi ý khác sẽ là…)

- I would venture to suggest doing……(Tôi mạo muội gợi ý…)

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Một ý kiến

- I agree/ disagree with……because……(Tôi đồng tình/không đồng tình với…bởi vì…)

- I am against the plan because……(Tôi phản đối phương án…bởi vì) -In my view/ it seems to me that……(Theo tôi…)

- I would like to point out that…. (Tôi muốn chỉ ra rằng)

Kết thúc

- I hope that these suggestions will be of some assistance (Tôi hy vọng những gợi ý này sẽ giúp một ít) - I hope you will accept this advice (Tôi hy vọng bạn sẽ đồng tình với lời khuyên này) - Please do not hesitate to contact me should you have any problems.(Làm ơn đừng do dự liên hệ tôi nếu như bạn có bất cứ vấn đề gì)

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LETTERS OF GIVING INFORMATION (VIẾT THƯ CUNG CẤP THÔNG TIN) Useful languages To inform good news Lý do viết thư

(Báo tin tốt)

- I am writing to inform you that/ let you know that……(Tôi viết để báo cho bạn biết rằng) - I feel delighted to inform you (Tôi rất vui khi báo với bạn…)

- I would like to inform you that (Tôi muốn báo bạn rằng) - You will be pleased to hear that……(Bạn sẽ rất hài lòng khi nghe rằng)

To inform bad news (Báo tin xấu)

- We regret to inform you that (Chúng tôi rất tiếc khi báo cho bạn rằng) - I am afraid it would not be possible to… (Tôi e rằng không thể…)

-I feel obliged to inform you……(Tôi bắt buộc phải báo với bạn rằng…)

To response

- I am writing in response to your letter

information

requesting information about…… (Tôi viết thư

(Phản hồi thông tin)

để phản hồi thư yêu cần thông tin của bạn về…)

- I am writing to provide you with information about…(Tôi viết thư để cung cấp cho bạn thông tin về…)

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- I am writing to reply to your enquiry about…(Tôi viết thư để trả lời yêu cầu của bạn về…)

Vấn đề đầu tiên

- The first thing I would like to inform you of is……(Điều đầu tiên tôi muốn thông báo cho bạn biết đó là…)

- The first thing I would like to tell you is……

- The first thing I wish to inform you of is……

- I would like to begin by informing you……(Tôi muốn bắt đầu bằng việc thông báo với bạn rằng…)

- Firstly, I would like to inform you that……(Đầu tiên tôi muốn thông báo với bạn rằng)

Mở rộng vấn đề

- I would also like to let you know that……(Tôi cũng muốn cho bạn biết rằng…)

- I would also like to inform you that……(Tôi cũng muốn báo cho bạn rằng…)

- You might also find the following information useful…(Bạn cũng có thể thấy thông tin sau hữu ích…)

- It might also be useful for you to know that…(Sẽ rất hữu ích cho bạn khi biết rằng…)

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- Another piece of information that might be useful is…(Một phần thông tin khác sẽ hữu ích đó là…) kết thư

- I hope that I have been able to answer all of your questions (Tôi hy vọng rằng tôi đã trả lời tất cả câu hỏi của bạn.)

- I look forward to being able to help you again in the future (Tôi mong chờ để có thể giúp bạn lần nữa trong tương lai.)

- Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions (Làm ơn đừng do dự khi liên hệ với tôi nếu như bạn có câu hỏi nào thêm?)

- Please do not hesitate to ask should you need further assistance (Làm ơn đừng do dự hỏi nếu như bạn cần thêm sự trợ giúp.)

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LETTERS OF COMPLAINT (VIẾT THƯ ĐỂ THAN PHIỀN VỀ MỘT SỰ VIỆC) Useful languages Mở đầu

- I am writing to complain about/ express my concern about a hair-dryer which I bought/ purchased in your shop last Saturday. (Tôi viết thư để phàn nàn/bày tỏ mối quan tâm về cái máy sấy tóc tôi mua ở cửa hàng của bạn thứ 7 tuần trước) - I am writing because I am not really please with/ satisfied with the quality as well as the service in the student’s restaurant at your college in recent months (Tôi viết thư bởi vì tôi thực sự không hài long về chất lượng cũng như phục vụ ở nhà hàng của sinh viên trong đại học vài tháng gần đây)

Thân bài

- Making a complaint : simple present (Phàn nàn : hiện tại đơn) - Describing the matter : past tenses (Mô tả : Quá khứ đơn)

Kết bài

Những yêu cầu

- I demand that you refund my money immediately (Tôi yêu cầu bạn phải trả tiền của tôi ngay lập tức) - I must ask you, therefore, either to replace the guitar or refund the price I paid for it, $50 (Tôi phải hỏi bạn để đổi cây guitar khác hoặc là trả lại phí tôi đã trả cho nó, 50$) - I feel that at the very least you owe my parents and me an apology. We await an

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answer from you.(Tôi cảm thấy rằng ít nhất bạn nợ bố mẹ tôi và tôi một lời xin lỗi. Chúng tôi chờ trả lời từ bạn) Cảnh báo

- If you do not refund my money immediately, I will contact to my solicitor.(Nếu như bạn không trả tiền của tôi ngay lâp tự, tôi sẽ liên hệ đến luật sư của tôi) - Unless I hear from you within ten days, I shall have to take legal advice on the matter (Trừ khi tôi nghe từ bạn trong vòng 10 ngày thì tôi sẽ phải dùng pháp luật giải quyết) - If the letter does not get any response, I intend to take up the matter with the Department of Home Affairs (Nếu như lá thư này không nhận được phản hồi nào, tôi sẽ giải quyết vần đề này với…)

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LETTERS OF APOLOGY (VIẾT THƯ XIN LỖI VỀ MỘT SỰ VIỆC) II.

Useful language

Give a brief description of the issue (Đưa ra sự diễn tả ngắn gọn về vấn đề) - I am afraid I (Tôi e rằng) - I regret to say that (Tôi rất tiếc khi nói) - We are very sorry that you received a defective (Chúng tôi rất tiếc khi bạn nhận…thiếu sót) - Thank you for your letter informing me that……(Cảm ơn thư của bạn để cho tôi biết rằng ) Apologize for an action, mistake or omission (Xin lỗi cho một hành động, lỗi hoặc sự thiếu sót) - I apologize for/ for not (Tôi xin lỗi vì) - I must apologize for - I am extremely sorry for Explanation (Giải thích) - This was due to (Điều này bởi vì) - This was because if (Bởi vì là) - This reason for this was (Lý do cho điều này chính là) - The reason for this has been that I forgot / misunderstood…(Lý do để điều này xảy ra đó là tôi quên/hiểu nhầm) Promise to rectify the situation (if possible) (Hứa để cải thiện tình hình) - I am coming to…… next week, so I…(Tôi dự định đến…tuần tới, vì thế tôi…)

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- I am pleased to inform you that we are prepared to replace your faulty…… with a new one. (Tôi rất vui khi thông báo bạn rắng chúng tôi đang chuẩn bị để thay thế … lỗi với một cái mới) The conclusion (Kết luận) - Please accept our apologies for having delivered a fault product to you (Làm ơn chấp nhận lời xin lỗi của chúng tôi về đã chuyển một sản phẩm lỗi đến cho bạn) - We very much regret for the inconvenience the holiday…… has caused to you (Chúng tôi rất tiếc cho sự bất lợi trong kỳ nghỉ đã xảy ra cho bạn) - We hope that the refund/replacement will restore your confidence in us goodwill (Chúng tôi hy vọng rằng tiền bù/sự thay thế sẽ khôi phục lại sự tự tin của bạn ở chúng tôi và )

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LETTERS OF APPLICATION (VIẾT THƯ XIN VIỆC) Useful languages Mở đầu

- With reference to your advertisement in the Morning Post on 24th April, 2016 for the post of tourist guide, I would like to apply for the job (Về việc liên quan đến quản cáo của bạn ở Morning Post vào ngày 24 tháng 4, 2016 cho vị trí hướng dẫn viên du lịch, tôi muốn xin thử vào công việc này) - I wish to apply for the post of Housekeeping Supervisor, I saw advertised in yesterday’s New York Times. (Tôi muốn thử vị trí quản gia, tôi thấy quảng cáo ở tờ New York Times ngày hôm qua) - I am writing in reply/in response to your advertisement in the the Daily News of 26th April, 2016 for the post of office clerk (Tôi viết thư để phản hồi quảng cáo ở tờ Daily News vào ngày 26 tháng 4, 2016 cho vị trí thư ký văn phòng)

Trình bày trình - I feel that my qualifications match your requirements as I will show you độ học vấn

briefly as follows (Tôi cảm thấy rằng năng lực của mình phù hợp với yêu cầu của bạn, tôi sẽ cho bạn thấy chi tiết như sau) - My qualifications are as follows (Kỹ năng của tôi là ) - I feel I am the right person for the post because my qualifications and experiences are extremely appropriate (Tôi cảm thấy tôi là người thích hợp cho vị trí này bởi vì kỹ năng và kinh nghiệm của tôi cực kỳ thích hợp ) - I feel I would be suitable for this post/course because (Tôi cảm thấy tôi thích hợp cho vị trí này bởi vì…)

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Trình bày kinh nghiệm

- Having already worked as……for……I wish to extend my experience/ I feel I could be useful for you (Đã từng làm việc với vị trí…cho…Tôi hy vọng được mở rộng kinh nghiệm của mình/ Tôi cảm thấy tôi sẽ có ích cho bạn ) - Recent experience: I have been working as……for the last……years (Kinh nghiệm gần đây : Tôi từng làm…cho…năm trước) - General experience: I have had experience of……(Kinh nghiệm chung: Tôi có kinh nghiệm trong…)

- Past experience: In 2009 I worked……(Kinh nghiệm quá khứ : Vào năm 2009 tôi làm việc)

Trình bày lý do - One of the reasons I am applying……is that……(Một trong những lý do tại sao nộp đơn tôi ứng tuyển…đó là…)

- One of the reasons for applying is…… Đề cập những

- Please find enclosed my curriculum vitae and two references as requested

thông tin/giấy

(Làm ơn xem qua sơ yếu lý lịch và 2 chứng nhận kèm theo như yêu cầu)

tờ kèm theo hồ sơ

- I enclose my qualifications and the names and addresses of two referres who can testify to my conduct and character. (Tôi gửi kèm theo chứng chỉ của mình, tên và địa điểm của 2 người liên quan có thể chứng thực trình độ và đạo đức của tôi )

Kết thư

- I could come for an interview at any time which would suit you (Tôi có thể đến buổi phỏng vấn bất cứ lúc nào) - I am available for an interview at any time convenient to you. (Tôi có thể rãnh cho một buổi phỏng vấn bất cứ khi nào thoải mái cho bạn) - I hope my application will receive your favorable consideration and that you will select me for an interview. (Tôi hy vọng rằng đơn xin của tôi sẽ nhận được sự quan tâm của bạn và sẽ chọn tôi cho một buổi phỏng vấn)

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INFORMAL LETTERS (THƯ THÂN MẬT) Thư thân mật thường được gửi đến thành viên gia đình, bạn bè, người thân Useful language Cách mở bài thông thường bằng cách hỏi thăm 

How are you? / How have the family been? / I hope you are well.

(Bạn thế nào? Gia đình bạn như thế nào? Tôi hi vọng rằng bạn vẫn khỏe)



Thank you / Many thanks for your (recent/last) letter / postcard.

(Cảm ơn/ Cảm ơn nhiều vì lá thư/ bưu thiếp lần trước)



It was good / nice / great to hear from you again (Thật tuyện khi nghe hồi âm từ bạn)



I was so surprised to hear that……

(Tôi rất ngạc nhiên khi nghe rằng)



I’m sorry I haven’t written / haven’t been in touch for such a long time (Tôi xin lỗi vì đã không viết thư/không giữ liên lạc trong khoảng thời gian dài)



It’s ages since I’ve heard from you. I hope you’re well / you and your family are well (Đã rất lâu rồi tôi nghe tin tức từ bạn. Tôi hy vọng rằng bạn / gia đình bạn vẫn khỏe)



How are things? / How are you? / How’s it going?

(Mọi việc thế nào rồi?)

Một số cách mở bài khác Đề cập về một tin gì đó 

Great news about……Glad to hear that……Sorry to hear about……

(Tin tuyệt vời về….Rất vui khi nghe rằng…Rất tiếc khi nghe rằng)

Thông báo tin gì hay 

Listen, did I tell you about……? You’ll never believe what……

(Nghe này, tôi đã kể cho bạn về…chưa? Bạn sẽ không bao giờ tin rằng….)



Oh, and another thing……This is just to let you know that……

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(À còn điều này nữa…Chỉ muốn cho bạn biết rằng) 

I thought you might be interested to hear about / know that……

(Tôi nghĩ bạn sẽ rất thích thú khi nghe/biết về…)



By the way, have you heard about/ did you know that……?

(Nhân tiện bạn đã nghe về/ Bạn đã biết về..?)

Xin lỗi 

I’m writing to apologies for missing your party but I’m afraid I was with flu (Tôi viết thư để xin lỗi về việc quên đi buổi tiệc của bạn nhưng tôi e rằng tôi đã bị ốm)



I’m really sorry that I forgot to send you a birthday card but I was busy with my new job (Tôi thực sự xin lỗi rằng tôi đã quên gửi thiệp sinh nhật đến cho bạn nhưng tôi quá bận với công việc mới của mình)

Mời 

I’m/ we’re having a party on Friday 19th and I/ we hope you’ll be able to come.



Would you like to come/ go to see “Room with a View” with me at the weekend?



I was wondering if you’d like to go to the theatre / come on holiday with us



Could you let me / us know if you can come / you’d like to join us?



Thank you very much for invitation. I’d love to come.



Thank you for asking / inviting me to……but I’m afraid I won’t be able to……

Yêu cầu 

I’m writing to ask for your help / you (if you could do me) a favor (Tôi viết thư để nhờ sự giúp đỡ của bạn / nếu bạn có thể làm cho tôi một việc?)



I wonder if / I was wondering if you could help me / do me a favor (Tôi đang tự hỏi liệu rằng bạn có thể giúp tôi…)



I hope you don’t mind me asking but could you (possibly) ……?

(Tôi hy vọng rằng bạn không phiền nếu tôi hỏi nhưng bạn có thể…?)



I’d be very / really / terribly grateful if you could……

(Tôi thật sự rất biết ơn nếu như bạn có thể…)

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Cám ơn/Chúc mừng/ Chúc may mắn…. 

I’m writing to thank you for your hospitality / the wonderful present.

(Tôi viết thư để cảm ơn lòng mến khác/ món quà tuyệt vời)



It was so kind of you to invite me to stay with you (Bạn thật tốt bụng khi mời chúng tôi ở với bạn)



I really appreciated all your help / advice.

(Tôi thực sự cảm kích tất cả sự giúp đỡ/lời khuyên của bạn)



Congratulations on passing your exams / your excellent exam results!

(Chúc mừng vì đã đậu kỳ thi/kết quả thi tuyệt vời)



I wish you good luck / Good luck in / with your exams / your driving test / your interview (Tôi chúc bạn may mắn trong kỳ thi/phỏng vấn)



Don’t worry, I’m sure you’ll do well / pass (Đừng lo, tôi chắc chắn rằng bạn sẽ làm tốt/đậu)



Do be on time, won’t you, and don’t forget to……

(Bạn sẽ đúng giờ chứ và đừng quên…)

Đề nghị, gợi ý, khuyên …. 

Why don’t you……? / Maybe you could ……? / How about……?

(Tại sao bạn không…?Hoặc là bạn có thể…?...thì sao?)



You can’t leave New York without (……doing sth) (Bạn không thể rời New York mà không…)



I’m sure you will enjoy (……doing sth). If you like, we can……

(Tôi chắc rằng bạn sẽ thưởng thức….Nếu bạn thích chúng ta có thể…)



Do visit……/ don’t forget to……

(Hãy ghé thăm…/Đừng quên… )

Kết thư 

Give a reason why you’re ending the letter: Anyway, I must go and get on with my work! / I guess it’s time I got on with my study

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(Đưa ra lý do vì sao bạn kết thúc bức thư : Dù sao đi nữa thì tôi phải đi và tiếp tục công việc của mình/ Tôi đoán đã đến lúc tiếp tục học rồi) 

Send greetings or make reference for future contact : Give my love / regard to……/ Say hello to……/ Anyway, don’t forget to let me know the dates of the party./ I’ll try and phone you at the weekend to check the times. / We must try and meet up soon. / I can’t wait to hear from you / Look forward to seeing you again / Hope to hear from you soon / See you soon / Write soon (Gửi lời chào hoặc để lại lời nhắn cho sự liên lạc trong tương lai : Gửi lời chào của tối đến…/Dù sao đi nữa đừng quên cho tôi biết ngày của bữa tiệc nhé/Tôi sẽ cố gọi cho bạn vào cuối tuần để kiểm tra thời gian/ Chúng ta nên cố gặp nhau sớm/ Tôi không thể chịu nổi để nghe thông tin từ bạn/….)



Closing statement such as Love, Lots of Love, All the best, Take care, Best wishes, should be written on a new line. (Kết thúc lời phát biểu như : Love, Lots of Love, All the best, Take care, Best wishes,..và nên viết ở dòng mới )



Signing off (Ký tên )

EXAMPLE You have received a letter from your English friend, Kathy I hear from you organized a surprise birthday party for your mother. I’d love to hear from about it.

What kind of party did you organize? Who did you invite? How did it go? Tell me.

Love, Kathy

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Hi Kathy,

Good to hear from you again. I hope you’re still enjoying your job.

I’m glad you asked me about the party I planned for my mother’s birthday. Well, I have to say it was a fantastic success. I told my mother we were taking her out for a quiet meal at a local restaurant with just the family, but in fact I’d hired a large room in a hotel and invited all her old friends.

Anyway, I picked my mother up and told her I’d changed my mind. We were going to have a meal in a hotel. You should have seen her face when she walked into the room and everyone cheered! She just couldn’t believe and burst into tear. Then the party got going and it didn’t finish until four in the morning. We were absolutely exhausted, but my mother had had a wonderful time.

Must dash now – I’ve got to go college. Hope to hear from you.

Love, Sandra

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VSEP WRITING PART 2 – WRITING AN ESSAY (Một bài tiểu luận thành công nên bao gồm) 1. Đoạn giới thiệu mà trong đó bạn sẽ phát biểu một cách rõ ràng về chủ đề được thảo luận 2. Phần chính trong đó mà bạn phát biểu một cách rõ ràng trong những đoạn riêng lẽ và được ví dụ hoặc được làm rõ 3. Một đoạn kết bài tổng kết những ý chính của bài tiểu luận, phát biểu lại ý kiển của mình, và đưa ra sự cân nhắc cân bằng của chủ đề Should (Nên) 

Use formal style (Sử dụng lối viết trang trọng)



Use topic sentence to introduce the subject of each paragraph (Sử dụng câu chủ đề để giới thiệu về vấn đề mỗi đoạn)



Giving reason and examples following the topic sentences (Đưa ra lý do và ví dụ đi sau mỗi câu chủ đề)



Use linking words / phrases (Sử dụng từ, cụm từ nối)



Make references to other sources (e.g. experts have proved that….) (Dẫn dắt đến những nguồn khác)



Answer the question, not the topic (Trả lời câu hỏi chứ không phải chủ đề)

Should not (Không nên) 

Use short form, informal/ colloquial language (Sử dụng từ ngữ thân mật, dạng rút gọn,..)



Use very emotional language (e.g. I absolutely detest people who ….) (Sử dụng từ ngữ biểu cảm)



Express personal opinions too strongly (e.g I know….) instead, use milder expressions (e.g. It seems to me that….) (Diễn đạt quan điểm cá nhân một cách mạnh mẽ thay vì diễn đại một cách trung lập)



Use personal examples ( e.g. in my school ) (Sử dụng ví dụ cá nhân)

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LOẠI 1 - FOR AND AGAINST I.

Cấu trúc viết bài kiểu “for and against”

Những từ khóa trong câu

- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages (Thảo luận lợi ích

hỏi để nhận biết

và bất lợi) - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion (Thảo luận lợi ích, bất lợi và đưa ra ý kiến cá nhân) - Discuss both views / sides of the argument (Thảo luận cả 2 quan điểm) - Discuss both views / sides of the argument and then given your own (Thảo luận cả 2 quan điểm và sau đó đưa ra ý kiến của mình)

Giới thiệu

Rephrase question (Nói lại câu hỏi) This essay discusses [both view + opinion]

Thân bài

Side 1 : advantages / disadvantages (Mặt 1 : lợi ích / bất lợi) Side 2 : disadvantages / advantages (Mặt 2 : bất lợi / lợi ích) Note: Keep your own idea out of the body. This part is only about what people in general may think (Giữ ý kiến cá nhân của mình ra ngoài phần thân. Phần này chỉ về mọi người nhìn chung có thể nghĩ gì)

Kết luân

Opinion (Ý kiến) State that both are important

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(Phát biểu rằng cả hai đều quan trọng) State with one is more important / better (Phát biểu cái nào quan trọng hơn)

II.

Process of doing a “for and against” essay

Step 1: analyze the question (phân tích câu hỏi) - Paraphrase the question: find the synonyms, phrasal verbs, etc. to write words with the same or related meaning (Diễn giải câu hỏi : tìm từ đồng nghĩa, cụm động từ,..để viết các từ giống nhau hoặc cùng nghĩa) - Find 2-3 advantages (+ examples or supporting information), 2-3 disadvantages (+examples or supporting information) (Tìm 2-3 lợi ịch +ví dụ hoặc thông tin bổ trợ, 2-3 bất lợi + ví dụ hoặc thông tin bổ trợ) - Decide the structure of the essay (Quyết định cấu trúc của bài tiểu luận) Step 2 : Write your essay (viết bài)

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1. Rephrase the question (Nhắc lại câu hỏi) 2. Thesis statement (Phát biểu luận điểm) 

This essay discusses / examines this question from both points of view and then I will give my own perspective on the matter



This essay discussed [view A], and [view B], and then I will give my own opinion

Introduction

Note: If you cannot rephrase the question, you can use the following to make introduction. (Nếu các em không thể nhắc lại câu hỏi, các em có thể sử dụng câu sau đây để tạo câu giới thiệu) - People have different views about…..In my opinion, can and should be both…..

Body

Advantages (Lợi ích)

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On one side of the argument there

Always add examples / explanations /

are people who argue that…..

illustrations / reasons / consequences

First/ In the first place…..

…..It is essential to form paragraphs.

Each paragraph must have a key

Let us start by considering…..

Let us first consider the question

sentence ( - usually at the beginning ).

Don’t write any one-sentenceparagraphs.

of…..

I should like to begin with…..

The first obvious advantages / disadvantages of …..

Examples : Take for example…..Take for instance…..

One example out of many is…..

Secondly…..

Just look at…..

Moreover…..

This idea can best be illustrated by an

Furthermore…..

example…..

Another thing is…..

Another point in favor of ….. is…..

Disadvantages (Bất lợi) On the other hand ...

So far we have only talked about the advantages. What about the disadvantages?

Always add examples / explanations / Illustrations / reasons / consequences….. It is essential to form paragraphs. Each paragraph must have a key sentence (- usually at the

So much about the advantages.

beginning). Don’t write any one-

There are also a number of

sentence paragraphs Examples :

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disadvantages that must not be

Take for example…..Take for

overlooked.

instance…..

Let us now turn to the drawbacks

One example out of many is…..

of…..

Now it would also be interesting to…..

Just look at…..

This idea can best be illustrated by an example…..

Others oppose this view / strongly disagree Personally, Conclusion

From my point of view, In conclusion I must say that

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LOẠI 2: OPINION ESSAY I.

Common structure in an opinion essay

Nhận biết qua câu hỏi



What is your opinion? (Ý kiến của em là gì?)



What do you believe? (Bạn tin điều gì?)



To what extent (how much) do you agree or disagree? [not only answer your side but also how much do you agree] (Bạn đồng tình hay không đình tình bao nhiêu?)



Do you agree or disagree (Bạn đồng tình hay không đồng tình)

Mở bài

1. Rephrase the question (Đọc lại câu hỏi) 2. State your opinion (Phát biểu ý kiến của bạn)

Thân bài

State reason with facts or examples to clarify the reason (2-3 reasons = 2-3 paragraph ) (Phát biểu lý do với dẫn chứng hoặc ví dụ để làm rõ lý do)

Kết luận

Summarize your opinion / give your opinion in different words (Tổng kết ý kiến của bạn / đưa ra ý kiến của bạn bằng từ ngữ khác)

II.

Process of doing an opinion essay

Step 1: Analyze the question (Phân tích câu hỏi) Paraphrase the question: find synonyms, phrasal verbs, etc. to write words with the same or related meaning. (Diễn đạt câu hỏi : tìm từ đồng nghĩa, cụm động từ,…để viết các từ đồng nghĩa hoặc có nghĩa liên quan) List reasons for and against. Choose the side that you have more ideas (Liệt kê lý do thuận và chống. Chọn quan điểm mà bạn có nhiều ý tưởng hơn) -

Back up your reason with clear examples (Dự phòng lý do của bạn với các ví dụ rõ ràng)

-

Decide the structure of the essay (Quyết định cấu trúc của bài tiểu luận)

Step 2: Write your essay (Viết bài)

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1. Rephrase the question (Nói lại câu hỏi) 2. State your opinion (Phát biểu ý kiến của em) - I totally / strongly / somewhat + agree/ disagree for several / following Introduction

reasons - Personally / in my opinion / to my mind … I opposed to this opinion for the following reasons / I am of opposing view to this opinion for several reasons 

Reason 1 + examples (Lý do 1 + ví dụ )



Reason 2 + examples (Lý do 2 + ví dụ )

Useful expressions (Các cách diễn đạt hữu ích): Body

Conclusion



The main reason why I believe …. Is because…..



Another reason is ….



Summarize main points (Tổng kết các điểm chính)



Give your final opinion or recommendation (Đưa ra ý kiến hoặc lời khuyên cuối cùng)

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LOẠI 3: PROBLEMS – SOLUTIONS Common structure of a “problems-solutions” essay. (Cấu trúc thông dụng của bài tiểu

I.

luận “vấn đề-giải pháp”) - Key words in question: problem – solution, cause – effect Block organization (Khối tổ chức) Introduction

Chain organization (Tổ chức mắc xích)

Problem 1

Problem 1 and solutions to problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 2 and solutions to problem 2

Transition sentence / paragraph

Problem 3 and solutions to problem 3

Solution 1 Solution 2 Conclusion

Process of doing a “problem - solutions” essay (Quy trình làm tiểu luận “vấn đề-giải

II. pháp”)

Step 1: Analyze the question (Phân tích câu hỏi)  Rephrase the question (Nói lại câu hỏi)  List table of problem + example and solutions (Liệt kê bảng vấn đề + ví dụ và giải pháp)  Decide the structure of the essay (Quyết định cấu trúc của bài tiểu luận) Step 2: Write your essay (Viết bài)  Rephrase the question (Đọc lại câu hỏi) Introduction

 This essay discusses [problem and solution] (Bài luận này thảo luận về gì)

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 Problem signal words: because/since/as, resulted from, was the result of, effect of/consequence of, as a result of/ as a Body

consequence of, lead to… (Các từ biểu hiện vấn đề)  Transition sentences : However, there’re still solutions to these above problems (Câu chuyển tiếp)  Summary of problem and solution (Tổng kết vấn đề và giải

Conclusion

pháp)  Give opinion (Đưa ý kiến)

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MỘT SỐ CHỦ ĐỀ THƯỜNG RA TRONG BÀI TẬP VIẾT LUẬN 1. Some people believe that to protect local culture, tourism should be banned in some areas whereas others think that change is inevitable and banning tourism will have no benefits Discuss both sides and give your opinion (Một vài người tin rằng để bảo vệ văn hóa địa phương, du lịch nên bị cấm ở một số khu vực trong khi đó một số người khác lại nghĩ việc thay đổi là không thể tránh khỏi và việc cấm du lịch sẽ không mang lại bất cứ lợi ích nào. Hãy thảo luận cả hai ý kiến trên và đưa ra quan điểm của bạn.)

2. Some people think that when a person travels into a different culture they should adapt to the local practices and customs.

To what extend do you agree?

(Một số người nghĩ rằng khi một người tham quan ở một nên văn hóa khác, họ phải thích nghi với tập quán và phong tục của địa phương. Bạn có đồng ý với quan điểm đó không?)

3. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as an useful educational tool.

Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them.

In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits?

(Một số người cho rằng trò chơi điện tử như là thú vui vô hại hoặc thậm chí là dụng cụ giáo dục hữu ích. Tuy vậy một số khác tin rằng trò chơi điển tử lại có những tác dụng có hại với những người chơi chúng Ý kiến của em, mặt hạn chế của trò chơi điện tử nhiều hơn lợi ích?)

4. An increasing number of people are now using the internet to meet new people and socialise.

Some people think this has brought people closer together while others think people are becoming more isolated.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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(Một số lượng gia tăng của những người giờ đang sử dụng internet để gặp người mới và tương tác. Một số người nghĩ điều này mang con người lại gần nhau hơn trong khi một số khác trở nên tách biệt. Thảo luận cả 2 quan điểm và đưa ra ý kiến của mình)

5. Some people think that companies should provide employees with exercise time during the day.

What is your opinion about this?

(Một số người nghĩ rằng các công ty nên cung cấp cho nhân viên thời gian tập thể dục trong ngày. Ý kiến của bạn về quan điểm này là gì?)

6. In many western countries there is an increasing number of couples choosing to have no children.

What are the advantages and disadvantages to couples having no children? (Ở nhiều nước phương Tây, ngày càng nhiều cặp vợ chồng quyết không có con. Những thuận lợi và bất lợi cho các cặp vợ chồng không có con?)

7. The role of education is to prepare children for the modem world. Schools should cut art and music out of the curriculum so that children can focus on useful subjects such as information technology.

To what extent do you agree?

(Vai trò của giáo dục là chuẩn bị cho trẻ em thế giới hiện đại. Các trường học nên loại bỏ mỹ thuật và âm nhạc ra khỏi chương trình giảng dạy để trẻ có thể tập trung vào các chủ đề hữu ích như công nghệ thông tin. Bạn đồng ý ở mức độ nào?)

8. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.

(Trong thế giới phát triển, tuổi thọ trung bình ngày càng tăng. Vấn đề này sẽ ảnh hưởng như thế nào đến mỗi cá nhân và toàn xã hội? Hãy ề xuất một số biện pháp có thể được thực hiện để giảm tác động của người già.)

9. Violence in the media promotes violence in society. To what extent do you agree?

(Bạo lực trong truyền thông sẽ thúc đẩy bạo lực trong xã hội. Bạn đồng ý ở mức độ nào?)

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10. Some families decide not to buy televisions because they influence the development of the creativity of children. What do you think?

(Một vài gia đình quyếtđịnh không mua tivi bởi vì chúng ảnh hưởng đến khả năng sáng tạo của trẻ em. Bạn nghĩ gì về điều này?)

11. Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the individual teenager and society as a whole.

Do you agree or disagree?

(Một số người nghĩ rằng tất cả thanh thiếu niên phải được yêu cầu làm công việc không lương trong thời gian rảnh để giúp đỡ cộng đồng địa phương. Họ tin rằng điều này không những có lợi cho thiếu niên mà còn giúp ích cho xã hội. Bạn đồng ý hay không đồng ý?)

12. We cannot help everyone in the world that needs help, so we should only be concerned with our own communities and countries.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

(Chúng ta không thể giúp đỡ tất cả mọi người trên thế giới cần được giúp đỡ, vì vậy chúng ta chỉ nên quan tâm đến cộng đồng và quốc gia của chúng ta. Bạn đồng ý hoặc không đồng ý với tuyên bố này ở mức độ nào?)

13. Many people believe that alcohol causes many problems and there have been frequent calls for the government to ban it. To what extent do you agree?

(Nhiều người tin rằng rượu gây ra nhiều vấn đề, có khá nhiều cuộc gọi cho chính phủ về việc cấm sử dụng nó. Bạn đồng ý ở mức độ nào?)

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CHƯƠNG 3: HƯỚNG DẪN KỸ NĂNG NGHE Phần này các bạn xem hướng dẫn trong các đề mẫu cuối tài liệu để hiểu kĩ hơn vì khi nghe cần kết hợp audio với một đề thực tế mới hiệu quả. Thầy Nhân và các cộng sự sẽ cố gắng cập nhật thêm hướng dẫn và các ví dụ về phần này trong năm 2018

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CHƯƠNG 4: HƯỚNG DẪN KỸ NĂNG NÓI

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TỔNG QUAN VỀ PHẦN THI NÓI TRONG B1 – VSTEP PART Part 1: social interaction

DURATION 2-3 minutes

(Hội thoại xã hội)

FORMAT Answer 3-6 questions about 2 different familiar topics (Hobbies, family, etc.) (Trả lời 3-6 câu hỏi về 2 chủ đề quen thuộc)

Part 2: Solution discussion (Thảo luận phương án)

3 minutes ( 1 minute to

Choose 1 of 3 given solutions

prepare and 2 minutes to

for the problem (Chọn 1

speak )

trong 3 giải pháp để giải quyết vấn đề)

Part 3: topic development

4 minutes ( 1 minute to

Give own opinions on a

(Triển khai chủ đề)

prepare and 3 minutes to

given topic and answer

speak )

extended questions. (Đưa thêm ý kiến riêng của mình hoặc trả lời câu hỏi mở rộng)

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SOCIAL INTERACTION In this part, you will be answered 3-6 questions about 2 different topics. (Ở phần này, các em sẽ trả lời 3-6 câu hỏi về 2 chủ đề khác nhau)

Step 1: Introduce yourself (Giới thiệu bản thân) My name is .... you can call me....

Step 2: Answer the questions given by the examiner (Trả lời câu hỏi giám thị đưa ra) Tips: - Answer at least 2-3 sentences for each question (Trả lời ít nhất 2-3 câu cho mỗi câu hỏi) - Stay on the topic and give extra information (reason for your answer as well) (Giữ trọng tâm ở chủ đề và đưa ra thông tin thêm) - Using hesitating words and phrases to make your answer natural. (Sử dụng các từ và cụm từ ngập ngừng để tạo ra sự tự nhiên trong câu trả lời) - Using linking words (Sử dụng các từ nối) - Never speak as if you memorize the answer. (Không bao giờ đọc như học thuộc lòng)

Question types (Dạng câu hỏi) : 1. Like/ dislike (Thích / Không thích) - Using expressing feelings expressions (Dùng sự biểu lộ cảm xúc) - Listing ideas by using linking words or phrases (Liệt kê các ý kiến bằng việc sử dụng từ hoặc cụm từ nối)

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Example: What do you like about your hometown? => The best thing about living here is that everything is at your fingertips. Moreover, I just adore the local cuisine. However, I’m afraid I can’t stand me the traffic jams during rush hours.

2. Yes/ no question (Câu hỏi yes/ no) - Confirm the answer: yes/ no/ it depends (Xác định câu trả lời : Yes / No) - State the reasons (Phát biểu lý do) - Clarify the reason by using example ( Optional ) (Lọc lý do bằng việc đưa ra ví dụ) This kind of question partly similar to like/dislike questions except from the confirmation part Example: Do you like sport? => Yes, definitely. I am into it since it helps me to keep fit. Furthermore, I can enjoy meaningful time with my friends.

Example: Do you think people should use public transport? => Yes, I totally agree that people should use buses or train since it would save a huge amount of money. Another reason is that it might reduce pollution.

3. Wh question (Câu hỏi Wh) - You might give the answer and then supporting ideas for it. (interrogative words: what, where) (Các em có thể đưa ra câu trả lời và bổ trợ các ý cho nó) Example: Where does your family live?

We live in Danang city, the largest city of Central Vietnam. This beautiful place is famous for sandy beaches and annual festival.

- You might give the answer and the reason for your answer (Các em có thể đưa ra câu trả lời và lý do cho câu trả lời) Example: How did you come here today?

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=> I came here by motorbike as it is my only vehicle. Furthermore, it’s quite convenient because it’s easy to find a parking lot.

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Example questions for Vstep Speaking part 1 Family (Gia đình) - Can you tell me something about your family?

Job (Công việc) - Do you work or study?

- Why do you choose that job?/that study?

- Where do your family live?

- Who are you close to in your family?

- Do you think you will ever change your job/ study?

Free time (Thời gian rãnh)

Holidays (Kỳ nghỉ)

- What do you enjoy doing in your free time?

- What do you do when you have a holiday?

- Why do you like doing these activities?

- Where do you like to spend your holiday?

- Do you read books/ watch movies/ play

- Do you enjoy staying at home during the

sports? why?

holiday?

Transportation (Phương tiện) - How did you come here today?

- What is public transport like in your town?

- Do you think people should use public transport?

Hometown (Quê quán) - Can you describe your town or village to me?

- What do you like about your hometown?

- What jobs do people do in your town do?

Shopping (Mua sắm) - Do you enjoy going shopping?

Keeping fit (Giữ vóc dáng cân đối) - What do you do to be in shape

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- How much time do you spend shopping every week?

- What’s your favorite sport?

- How can we get young people do more

- Do you enjoy going shopping alone or with

exercise?

your friends?

Television (TV)

Weather (Thời tiết)

- What sorts of thing do you watch on TV?

- What is your favorite weather?

- What is your favorite TV program?

- Does the weather effect the way you feel?

- Do you think it’s good idea to have a TV in

- Do you like the weather in your country?

a bedroom?

Music (Âm nhạc)

Hobbies (Sở thích)

- What’s your favorite type of music?

- Do you have a hobby?

- Do you think music is important?

- What hobbies are popular in your city?

- If you could learn a musical instrument,

- Why do you think people should have

what would it be?

hobbies?

Food (Đồ ăn) - What’s your favorite food?

- Is there any food you dislike?

- What is healthy diet?

Reading (Đọc) -

Do you like book?

-

What kind of book do you like?

-

Do you think it is important to encourage children to read?

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Pet (Thú cưng)

House (Nhà cửa) -

-

Can you describe the house where

-

Do you like animals?

you live?

-

What is the popular pet to have in

What do you like about the area where you live?

-

your country?

-

Why do you people have pets?

Do you think it better to live in the center of town or outside in the country

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CHỦ ĐỀ 1: YOUR STUDY OR WORK Các cấu hỏi điển hình:  Are you a student or a worker? (Bạn là học sinh hay người đi làm?)  Why did you choose your major/ job? (Tại sao bạn chọn ngành/công việc này)  Is your major/job popular in your country these days? (Ngành/nghê mà bạn chọn đang phổ biến ở quốc gia bạn à?)  How do you like your major/job? (Bạn thích ngành/nghề của bạn như thế nào?)  Is there anything you dislike about your major/ job? (Có điều gì mà bạn không thích về ngành/nghê của mình không) 

Strengths : thuận lợi



Weaknesses : bất lợi



Opportunities: cơ hội nghề nghiệp



Threats : những thách thức

Giám khảo cũng có thể đặt câu hỏi theo SWOT, ví dụ: What kind of language can you speak? (Bạn có thể nói những ngôn ngữ nào?)

What are the benefits of speaking foreign language? (Thuận lợi của việc nói tiếng nước ngoài là gì?)

What is the most difficult part of learning another language ? (Điều gì khó nhất khi học các ngôn ngữ khác?)

What is the most efficient way to learning another language? (Những cách hiệu quả nào để học ngôn ngữ khác?) → Currently, I am a senior student at XXX University, majoring in computer science and technology and specializing in programing. (Hiện tại em là sinh viên năm của của trường đại học XXX, ngành khoa học và công nghệ máy tính, chuyên về lập trình) → Well, I am fresh graduate from XXX University, and currently, I’m studying for IELTS at a language center and preparing to further my studies at XXX this coming July. (Tôi là sinh viên

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vừa mới tốt nghiệp ở trường đại học XXX và hiện tại tôi đang học IELTS ở một trung tâm ngoại ngữ và chuẩn bị cho việc học sắp tới ở XXX trong tháng 7) I choose it simply because….. (Tôi chọn nó đơn giản bởi vì) The reason why I decided on XXX is that…… (Lý do vì sao tôi chọn XXX là vì) Actually, I am considering changing my major from A to B since I think that… (Thật ra tôi đang phân vân đổi chuyên ngành từ A sang B bởi vì tôi nghĩ rằng) 1. I am not good at…, and the study of…is really not my cup of tea. (Tôi không giỏi về…và học về….thì không phải sở thích của tôi) 2. … is the one that i really cannot get over/ is fairly demanding for me to overcome.

3. I am more talented/ gifted in…(Tôi có khiếu….hơn)

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NGHỀ NGHIỆP THUẬN LỢI Generally, the best thing about my job is… simply/ mainly/ because….

Những lý do khiến bạn yêu thích nghề của mình:  Boost my people skills nâng cao kỹ nâng giao tiếp I enjoy interacting / communicating/ mingling with the different types of clients.  Expand my social network mở rộng quan hệ xã hội I may establish a sound relationship in this area  Meet my requirements đáp ứng các nhu cầu  Finaacial security đảm bảo về tài chính  Promotion opportunity cơ hội thăng tiến  Self-improvement hoàn thiện bản than BẤT LỢI Honestly, the worst I have to say about my job is… since…

(Thú thật, điều tồi tệ nhất tôi phải nói về công việc của tôi đó là) I am little bored with sitting in front of a computer screen all day long, and I am longing for the job that involves dealing with people.

(Tôi cảm thấy hơi chán việc ngồi trước màn hình máy tính suốt ngày, tối khao khát làm một nghề được tiếp xúc với mọi người.)

Frankly speaking, I am currently experiencing some bottlenecks at work, and I want to actively look for some breakthrough, so I have chosen to improve my competence through studying abroad.

(Nói thẳng ra , hiện tôi đang gặp một số trở ngại trong công vieejcvaf tôi muốn chủ động tìm kiếm sự đột phá, vì vậy tôi đã chọn đi du học để nâng cao năng lực của mình.)

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CHỦ ĐỀ 2: YOUR HOMETOWN Các câu hỏi điển hình Where are you from? (Bạn đến từ đâu) Is it a big city or small town? (Đó là thành phố lớn hay là thị trấn nhỏ) What is the best thing of living in your home town? (Điều gì tuyệt vời nhất khi sống ở quê hương của bạn) Is it suitable for young people to live in? (Nó có phù hợp cho giới trẻ sinh sống không?)

Vị trí địa lý My hometown is located in the northern / central / southern part of Vietnam.

(Quê tôi ở miền Bắc/ Trung / Nam Việt Nam) Điểm nổi bật My hometown features seafood and stunning ocean views (Điểm nổi bật của quê tôi là hải sản và cảnh biển tuyệt đẹp) My hometown is the birthplace / place of origin of XXX (Quê tôi là nơi sinh/ bắt nguồn của…)

My hometown has the worldwide reputation for XXX (Quê tôi nổi tiếng khắp thế giới về …)

Quy mô My hometown is a …  Metropolis with milions of dwellers (thành phố lớn với hàng triệu cư dân )  Medium city with well-developed facilities (thành phố quy mô vừa với những tiện ích rất tiên tiến)

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 Small city with a beautiful natural landscape (thành phố nhỏ với cảnh thiên nhiên tươi đẹp)  Collection of villages with rich natural resource (khu làng giàu tài nguyên thiên nhiên) Nét đặc sắc The biggest feature of my city is … (Điểm đặc trung nhất của thành phố em đó là…)

The most unique characteristic of my hometown is…(Đặc điểm riêng biệt của quê hương em đó là…)

When it comes to my hometown,…will be the first thing that comes into people’s mind (Khi đến với quê hương em …. sẽ là điều đầu tiên ập ngay vào tâm trí của mọi người) Cảm nhận về quê hương (nơi này có thích hợp với những người trẻ tuổi hay không ) Thích hợp Defenitely yes, my hometown is a perfect place for young people to live in simply because …

(Chắc chắn là có rồi, quê hương của tôi là một nơi tuyệt vời cho các bạn trẻ sinh sống đơn giản bởi vì) Không thích hợp No, I don’t think so since my hometown… (Không tôi không nghĩ vậy bởi vì) Facilities (những tiện ích) Thích hợp: The facilities are well developed, including gyms, schools, hospitals, public transport, and even leisure facilities. (Những tiện ích được phát triển tốt, bao gồm phòng gym, trường hợp, bệnh viện, phương tiện công cộng)

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Không thích hợp: The facilities are less developed, and the resource are a bit limited. (Các tiện ích thì ít được đầu tư, và tài nguyên thì khá giới hạn) Selection (sự chọn lựa) Thích hợp: Young people have all sorts of choices in my city; they can go shopping, enjoy fantastic delicacies, watch films, and so on (Giới trẻ có tất cả các sự lựa chọn ở thành phố của em; họ có thể đi mua sắm,xem phim ,… ) Không thích hợp: Life in my hometown is a bit monotonous; young people have few entertainment options (Cuộc sống ở quê em khá nhàm chán, giới trẻ có rất ít sự lựa chọn để giải trí) Opportunity (cơ hội) Thích hợp: Opportunities in my city are various, from education to job-hunting, from making friends to watching a show, you name it. (Có rất nhiều cơ hội ở thành phố của em, từ giáo dục đến tìm việc, từ kết bạn đến xem một chương trình) Không thích hợp: Young people can hardly find a well-paid job in my hometown. (Giới trẻ khó để tìm được một công việc được trả lương tốt)

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CHỦ ĐỀ 3: YOUR HOBBIES AND INTERESTS Các câu hỏi điển hình: What do you like to do in your spare time? (Bạn thích làm gì trong thời gian rãnh rỗi) How do you spend your holidays or weekends? (Bạn dành cho cuối tuần hoặc kỳ nghỉ của mình như thế nào?)

What is your favorite way of relaxation? (Cách thư giãn yêu thích của bạn là gì?)

Gợi ý In my spare time, I like to… (Trong thời gian rãnh rỗi thì tôi thích…)  Catch up on gossip with my best friends (tán gẫu với bạn thân)  Watch films my boyfriend/girlfriend (xem phim cùng bạn trai/bạn gái)  Go window-shopping with my bestie (dạo phố với bạn thân)  Play video games (chơi trò chơi điện tử)  Go travelling around the country/ world (đi du lịch khắp đất nước/thế giới)  Sing karaoke with my classmates / colleagues (hát karaoke với bạn học hoặc đồng nghiệp)  Play cards / board games with my buddies (chơi bài/cờ cùng bạn bè)  Do some exercise like hiking/jogging/swimming/doing yoga/playing badminton (vận động như đi bộ đường trường/chạy bộ/bơi lội/tập yoga/chơi cầu lông)  Go on a picnic with my family members (đi dã ngoại cùng các thành viên trong gia đình)  Walk my dog or play Frisbee with it (dắt chó đi dạo hoặc chơi ném đĩa với nó) Simply because I can …. (đơn giản bởi vì)  Relax myself/wind down/unwind/kick back/lie back/take a load off/easy my mind (Thư giản bản thân…)

Giải thích: Since I am a full-time student, I need to learn how to refresh and revitalize myself (Bởi vì tôi là học sinh cả ngày trên trường, tôi cần phải học để làm mới bản thân)  Release my pressure/put down my burdan/ease my stress

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Giải thích: Apparently, I have been pretty stressful about my examinations and my future so I need a way out (Rõ ràng là tôi khá stress về các kỳ thi và tương lại của mình nên em cần tìm một lối ra)  Keep fit/keep in good shape/keep a good figure/build my body/lose weight/live a wellbalanced life Giải thích : Since I used to be a nerdy man, you know, sitting in front of the computer all day long, I’d better live a healthier life by doing some sport (Bởi vì tôi đã từng là một người khá kì quặc, bạn biết đây, ngồi trước máy tính cả ngày. Tôi muốn song một cuộc sống khỏe mạnh hơn bằng việc chơi thể thao)  Boost family concord/maintain bonds with friends and family members Giải thích : You know, I am about to study overseas, and I’ll probably be away from them for a while, so I like to cherish every possible chance to socialise with them (Bạn biết đấy, tôi chuẩn bị học ở nước ngoài và tôi định sẽ xa gia đình một khoảng thời gian cho nên tôi muốn yêu thương họ mỗi khi có cơ hội) Âm nhạc Do you like music? (Bạn có thích âm nhạc không?)

A – Khẳng định: Definitely yes, everyone enjoys music, and I am no exception. I love… (Tất nhiên là có rồi, ai cũng thích âm nhạc và tôi không phải là ngoại lệ) Phủ định: Well, honestly speaking, music is really not my cup of tea simply because… (Thành thật mà nói, âm nhạc không phải là sở thích của tôi) What – pop, techno, hip-hop, rock, classical, light music Where – Normally, I like to listen to music from my earphones when I take a ride on public transport. (Thông thường tôi thích nghe nhạc bằng tai nghe khi đang ở trên phương tiện duy chuyển) When – When I can’t go to sleep, I like to listen some light music to calm myself down. (Khi tôi không thể ngủ, tôi thích nghe một ít nhạc nhẹ nhàng để tĩnh tâm lại)

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Who – My most favorite singers are Adele, James Blunt, and Arvil Lavigne. (Ca sĩ yêu thích nhất của tôi đó là Adele, James Blunt và Arvil Lavigne) Why – I am fond of music mainly because it can cheer me up greatly when I feel down/low/blue/bored/tired/depressed ( âm nhạc khiến tôi phấn khởi khi tôi thấy buồn/chán/mệt mỏi/thất vọng…)

Besides, I also believe that music is an indispensable part ( một phần không thể thiếu ) of culture and tradition, through which I may have a better understanding of different cultures around the world ( tôi có thể hiểu biết tốt hơn về các nền văn hóa khác nhau trên thế giới ) Tác dụng của âm nhạc  Purify my heart with melodious rhythms (light/gospel/classical) (Làm thanh khiết trái tim của tôi bằng những giai điệu du dương)  Produce great chemical reaction in my mind (pop) (Tạo ra những phản ứng hóa học tuyệt vời ở trong tâm trí)  Wake me up when I feel drowsy in the morning (rock/punk) (Đánh thức tôi dậy khi còn ngái ngủ vào buổi sáng)  Blow my mind with strong beats and rhythms (hip hop/R&B/rap) (Thổi bùng tâm trí bằng những giai điệu mạnh mẽ) Phim ảnh Do you like watching films? (Bạn có thích xem phim không?)

A – Speaking of films, yes, I am a big fan of types of films, such as… (Vâng, tôi là một fan bự của các thể loại phim như là …)

What – comedy, action, romance, sci-fi, vampire, zombie, animation (hài hước, hành động, tình cảm,…)

Where – Normally, I enjoy watching films at cinemas, for it has a better atmosphere with better sound/visual effects. (Thông thường tôi tận hưởng việc xem phim tại rạp bởi vì nó có một bầu không khí tốt hơn với hiệu ứng âm thanh hình ảnh tốt hơn)

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When and Who – When I am available during weekends, I like to see a film with my bestie/girlfriend/boy friend (Khi tôi rãnh lúc cuối tuần, tôi thích xem một bộ phim với bạn thân/bạn trai/bạn gái) Why – I love watching films simply because I can/ it can… (Tôi thích xem phim đơn giản bởi vì)  Cheer myself up/amuse myself/relax myself/release my pressure (comedy) (Vui vẻ/giải trí/thư giãn/giải tỏa áp lức)  Escape from my daily life and experience something that can hardly happen in real life (Thoát khoải sinh hoạt thường nhật và trải nghiệm những thứ không có trong đời thật)  Have a blast and blow my mind (Cuốn hút tâm trí tôi)  Boost my imagination and please my eyes with visual effects (Tăng cường trí tưởng tượng và làm mãn nhãn vì hiệu ứng hình ảnh)  Maintain my childhood interest (Duy trì niềm vui tuổi thơ)  Provoke thought towards humanity and life (Gợi suy từ về nhân sinh)  Broaden my horizon and enrich my knowledge (Mở rộng tầm nhìn và làm giàu kiến thức) Du lịch Do you like travelling? (Bạn có thích du lịch không?)

A – Undoubtedly yes, travelling is my most favorite (Không nghi ngờ gì nữa, du lịch là thứ yêu thích nhất của tôi) When – Who – When I am free from study, I like to travel to different places with my friends or family members (Khi tôi rãnh rang khỏi việc học, tôi thích đi du lịch đến những địa điểm khác nhau với bạn bè hoặc là thành viên trong gia đình mình) Where – We make trips to big cities like Nha Trang, ancient towns like Hoi An in Quang Nam Province (Chúng tôi thực hiện chuyến đi đến các thành phố lớn như Nha Trang, phố cổ Hội An ở tỉnh Quảng Nam)

Why – Through travelling, I can… (Bằng cách du lịch, tôi có thể)

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 Meet different people/try different food/experience another culture (Gặp gỡ nhiều khác nhau/thử món ăn khác nhau/trải nghiệm nền văn hóa khác nhau)  Have a sence of freshness and newess (Có cảm giác mới lạ)  Escape from daily life routines (Thoát khảo sinh hoạt thường nhật)  Get myself well prepared for the future overseas life (Chuẩn bị tốt cho cuộc sống nước ngoài trong tương lai)  Achieve my lifelong dream of taking a round-the-world tour (Tích lũy dần giấc mơ lâu dài của tôi đó là đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới) Chơi thể thao Do you like doing sport? (Bạn có thích chơi thể thao không) A – Absolutely yes, I am greatly fascinated by all sorts of sport, including… (Tất nhiên là có rồi, tôi thực sự đam mê mọi môn thể thao, bao gồm…)

What – badminton, billiards, jogging, hiking, cycling, skiing, skating, swimming Who – Where – Occasionally, I play basketball with my classmates/roommates on the basket-ball court/ in the stadium (Thình thoảng tôi chơi bóng rổ với bạn trong lớp/phòng ở sân bóng rổ hoặc ở sân vận động ) Why – I find sport beneficial in a variety of ways. For example, playing sport, I can:  Relax myself/release my pressure/release study burdens/ease tiredness (Thư giãn/giải tỏa áp lực/giảm gánh nặng học tập/bớt mệt mỏi)  Keep fit/keep in good shape/lose weight/build my body (Giữ sức khỏe/giữ dáng/giảm cân/rèn luyện cơ thể)  Strenhthen teamwork spirit and improve co-operation skills (Tăng cường tinh thần đồng đội và cải thiện các kỹ năng hợp tác)  Socialise / interact with my peers (Giao tiếp với bạn đồng trang lứa)  Learn the concept of winning and losing/maintain a sence of competition (Hiểu khái niệm thắng thua/duy trì ý thức thi đua)

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Đọc sách báo Do you like reading? (Bạn có thích đọc sách báo không) A – Yes, I Love reading What – I normally read novels, newspapers, magazines, and textbooks. (Tôi thường đọc tiểu thuyết, sách báo…)

Where – When – While I am on a coach, reading is what I usually do to kill time (Khi tôi ngồi trên xe khách, đọc sách là thứ mà tôi hay làm để giết thời gian ) Why – Reading, essentially, is a part of my daily life since reading can…  Broaden my horizon (Mở rộng tầm nhìn)  Enrich my knowledge (Làm giàu kiến thức)  Help me keep us with the latest news and information (Giúp cập nhật tin tức)  Cultivate my way of thinking (dependent/critical/creative/analytical) (Rèn luyện tư duy)  Enlighten my mind/set a fire in my mind (Khai sáng trí tuệ)  Add a bit of fun to my life (Thêm chút niềm vui cho cuộc sống) Đi mua sắm Do you like shopping? (Bạn có thích mua sắm không?)

A – Oh, when it comes to shopping, I have to say that I am really a shopaholic. (Ồ, khi nói đến mua sắm thì tôi phải nói tôi là một người nghiện mua sắm) When – Where – In my spare time, I like to go to shopping at a mall, a convenience store, a grocery store, a supermarket, a department store, or go shopping online. (Trong thời gian rãnh rỗi thì tôi thích mua sắm ở trung tâm mua sắm hoặc là mua sắm trên mạng) What – Mostly, I shop for daily necessities, like cosmetics, skin care products, fashion stuff, snacks, clothes, sneakers, etc. (Phần lớn, tôi mua sắm cho những thứ cần thiết hằng ngày như mĩ phẩm, sản phẩm chăm sóc da, đồ thời trang, snack, quần áo,)

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Why – I love shopping for a variety of reasons; for example, I can…  Relax myself/release my pressure (Thư giãn/giải tỏa áp lực)  Meet my requirements on a daily basis (Đáp ứng các nhu cầu hàng ngày của bản thân)  Get a sense of satisfaction (Có cảm giác thoải mái)  Buy myself a brand-new dress/try on different clothes (Mua cho mình một chiếc đầm mới tinh/mặc thử quần áo khác nhau)  Have an opportunity to catch up with beasties (Có dịp theo kịp bạn bè)  Catch up with the latest trend and fashion (Theo kịp xu hướng thời trang mới nhất)  Facilitate my daily life with new technologies (Giảm bớt những khó khăn trong sinh hoạt thường nhất bằng các công nghệ mới.)

Travel Do you like travelling? (Bạn có thích đi du lịch không?)

A – Yes, I guess everyone enjoys travelling, and I am no exception. (Có, tôi đoán là mọi người thích du lịch và tôi cũng không phải là ngoại lệ) When – Who – Normally, in my spare time, I may travel to different places with my parents or my best friends. (Thông thường là trong thời gian rãnh, tôi có thể đi đến nhiều địa điểm khác nhau với bố mẹ mình hoặc là bạn thân) Where – I have travelled to many places, including coastal cities like Phu Quoc Island, minority gathering areas like Sa Pa and. I also went to Cambodia last summer vacation. (Tôi đã từng đi đến nhiều địa điểm, bao gồm các thành phố ven biển như là đảo Phú Quốc, những vùng thiểu số như Sapa. Tôi cũng đã đến Campuchia mùa hè năm ngoái ) Why – I like travelling since it definitely brings me heaps of benefits. (Tôi thích đi du lịch bởi vì nó đem lại cho tôi nhiều ích lợi như ) 1st reason: Firstly, my horizon can be greatly broadened as I can meet different people from different places, try different food, and even learn different languages and cultures (Đầu tiên là

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tầm nhìn của mình có thể được mở rộng khi tôi có thể gặp gỡ nhiều người tự mọi nơi khác nhau, thử các loại thức ăn và thậm chí là học các ngôn ngữ và phong tục khác nhau) 2nd reason: Besides, I always regard travelling as a perfect chance for me to get away from my daily life routines. You know, life gets monotonous if you stay in one place all year long.

(Ngoài ra, tôi luôn cho rằng du lịch là cơ hội tuyệt vời cho mình để tránh xa khỏi guồng quay của đời sống hằng ngày. Bạn biết đây, cuộc sống trở nên nhàm chán nếu bạn ở yên một chỗ cả một năm dày ) Lợi ích của du lịch :  Broaden horizon (Mở rộng tầm nhìn)  Unwind/relax/release pressure (Thư giãn/giải tỏa áp lức)  Escape from daily life routines (Thoát khỏi sinh hoạt thường nhật)  Boost family/friend bonding (Thắt chặt quan hệ gia đình/bạn bè)  Experience new customs/visit sceneries (Trải nghiệm phong tục mới/tham quan)  Meet personal needs, like shopping/visiting friends or relatives (Đáp ứng các nhu cầu cá nhân như mua sắm/thăm bạn bè hoặc họ hàng) Do you prefer to travel alone or with others? Đưa ra quan Well, normally, I prefer travelling with others (Tôi thích du lịch hơn là mấy điểm

cái khác)

Nêu lý do

Simply because I may share many things, such as accommodation, transport, and even laughter, with my mates during the trip (Đơn giản bởi vì tôi có thể chia sẻ nhiều thứ như chỗ trọ, phương tiện và thậm chí có thể vui cười với bạn bè trong suốt cuộc hành trình)

Nêu giả định

If I travel alone, I guess I will be lonely and I may even be helpless when there is a trouble (Nếu tôi đi du lịch một mình tôi đoán tôi sẽ cô đơn và thậm chí là không tự lo liệu được)

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Đề cập mặt đối However, occasionally, travelling alone can be more flexible and free, and I lập

won’t need to get with other people (Tuy vậy, du lịch một mình thi thoảng có thể linh hoạt và tự do và tôi không cần phải đi với bất kỳ ai cả)

Kết luận

So, it depends on my mood, but mostly, I prefer travelling in a group (Vì thế nên nó còn tùy thuộc vào tâm trạng của em nữa. Tôi thích đi du lịch với nhóm hơn)

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Transport What is your favorite mode of transport? (Phương tiện đi lại yêu thích của bạn là gì?)

There is a variety of transport choices in my city, including…, and my most commonly used one is… (Có rất nhiều sự lựa chọn trong việc duy chuyển ở thành phố của tôi, bao gồm…và thứ tôi hay sử dụng nhất là…)

Từ vựng Commuter (người đi lại hàng ngày bằng Commute (đi lại hàng ngày bằng phương tiện phương tiện công cộng)

công cộng)

Metro/subway/tube (tàu điện ngầm)

Cruise/passenger liner (tàu du lịch)

Train (Tàu hỏa)

Light rail (tàu hỏa hạng nhẹ)

Ferry (phà )

Double-deck bus (xe buýt 2 tần)

Hydrofoil (tàu cánh ngầm)

Minibus( xe buýt nhỏ)

Shuttle bus (xe buýt tuyến)

Long-haul coach (xe khách đường dài)

Express train (tàu hỏa tốc hành)

High-speed rail (tàu cao tốc)

Private jet (máy bay riêng)

Yacht (du thuyền)

What kind of transport would you choose when taking a long-distance trip? (Loại phương tiện duy chuyển nào mà em sẽ chọn trong chuyến đi xa) Đưa ra quan Personally, I would choose airplane as my priority for a long-distance trip điểm

(Theo cá nhân thì tôi sẽ chọn máy bay như là phương án của mình nếu đi chuyến đi xa)

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Nêu lý do

Apparently, airplane is the fastest way of transport, and I don’t need to waste my time on the trip (Rõ ràng máy bay là phương tiện duy chuyển nhanh nhất và tôi không cần phải tốn thời gian cho chuyến đi)

Nêu ví dụ và For example, I am planning to study overseas; if I use others forms of giả định

transport instead of airplane, say, ship, it will be ridiculous since it might take me several months to get there. (Ví dụ như tôi đang có kế hoạch du học.

Nếu tôi sử dụng phương tiện duy chuyển khác thay vì máy bay như là thuyền đi, nó sẽ rất kì quặc bởi vì nó tốn tôi vài tháng để đến đó mất)

Kết luận

So, it seems like airplane is the only choice left for me to reach my destination

Driving Do you have a driving license? (Bạn có bằng lái xe chưa?)

Yes, I got my driving license when I was 20 years old, and currently, I am thinking of buying a car as long as my work is set. (Rồi, tôi có nó khi tôi 20 tuooit và hiện tại tôi đang suy nghĩ việc mua xe khi tôi có việc) Do you prefer to be a driver or a passenger? (Bạn thích là người lái hơn hay là hành khách hơn) Đưa ra quan Normally, I prefer to be a passenger (Thông thường tôi thích là hành khách điểm

hơn)

Nêu lý do

Mainly because it is less stressful. I don’t need to focus my attention on the traffic situation, and I can spend time doing something like playing games on my phone (Chủ yếu bởi vì nó ít áp lực hơn. Tôi không cần phải tập trung chú ý tình huống giao thông và tôi có thể giành thời gian làm những việc như chơi game trên điện thoại)

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Nêu ví dụ và For example, if I am a driver, I may lose my way or get stuck in a traffic jam, giả định

which could be really annoying (Ví dụ như tôi là một người lái đi, tôi có thể lạc đường hoặc bị kẹt xe, thứ mà cực kỳ khó chịu)

Đề cập mặt đối Yet, I do agree that driving sometimes can bring me lots of joy and freedom; lập

for example, I can take a self-drive tour to nearby towns (vâng, tôi đồng ý rằng việc lái xe thỉnh thoảng có thể cho tôi nhiều niềm vui và tự do, ví dụ như tôi có thể tự lái đến một thị trấn gần đó)

Kết luận

All in all, being a passenger is my preference (Nói tóm lại, là một hành khách là sở thích của tôi)

Holiday/Weekend How often do you have holidays? (Bạn có kỳ nghĩ thường xuyên như thế nào) Well, normally, since I am still a college student, there are two periods when I can have long holidays, which are the summer holiday and Lunar New Year holiday (Bởi vì tôi là sinh viên đại học nên thông thường có 2 giai đoạn mà tôi có thể có kỳ nghỉ dài đó là nghỉ hè và nghỉ tết) What will you do during holidays? (Bạn sẽ làm gì trong suốt kì nghỉ lễ) During holidays, I like to go travelling, just as many other young people. Besides, I also try to find a part-time job or an intern job. Since I am about to hunt for a job in the coming year, it is pretty necessary to enrich work experience. (Suốt kì nghỉ lễ, tôi thích đi du lịch như những người trẻ khác. Ngoài ra tôi cũng tìm một công việc bán thời gian hoặc là công việc thực tập. Bởi vì tôi đang định tìm một công việc trong năm tiếp theo, nó khá cần thiết để làm giàu kinh nghiệm của mình) Is it important to have holidays? (Có kì nghỉ quan trọng hay không?)

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Đưa ra quan Yes, absolutely yes, having holidays is really necessary (Có, tất nhiên là có điểm

rồi, có một kì nghỉ thực sự rất cần thiết)

Nêu lý do

Mainly because holidays give us a chance to rest, and we can do whatever we want to (Chủ yếu bởi vì là nghỉ lễ cho chúng ta cơ hội để thư giản và chúng ta có thể làm bất cứ gì chúng ta muốn)

Nêu ví dụ

For example, we can learn new skills, travel to different places, or spend time with my parents, and after the holiday, we will be revitalised and refreshed for study or work (Ví dụ như, chúng ta có thể học kỹ năng mới, du lịch đến các nơi khác nhau hoặc là giành thời gian cho bố mẹ và sau kì nghỉ chúng ta đã được làm mới để học tập và làm việc)

Đề giả định

Without holidays, I guess we would probably be exhausted and have no time for adjustment (Nếu không có nghỉ lễ, tôi đoán chúng ta có thể bị kiệt sức và không có thời gian để điều tiết)

Kết luận

So, holidays are vital for everyone

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VSTEP SPEAKING PART 2 SOLUTION DISCUSSIONS Question requirements In this part of the test, you are given A SITUATION and THREE OPTIONS for you to choose from. You need to decide on THE BEST choice and JUSTIFY your opinion (Ở phần này của bài thi, các em sẽ được đưa ra một tình huống với 3 sự lựa chọn để chọn. Các em cần phải chọn phương án tốt nhất và biện hộ ý kiến của mình) Example Your family is planning on a holiday. There are three options that are reasonable to your family time and financial budget: three-day trip to a foreign country, four-day trip to a mountainous area, and a two-day trip at a beach resort. What do you think is the best choice? (Gia đình của em đang lên kế hoạch cho kì nghỉ. Có 3 phương án phù hợp cho gia đình của em về thời gian và tiện bạc : chuyến đi 3 ngày đến nước ngoài, chuyến đi 4 ngày đến khu vực miền núi và chuyến đi 2 ngày ở khu nghỉ dưỡng gần biển)  Situation: Your family is planning on a holiday (Tình huống: Gia đình của em đang lên kế học cho kì nghĩ)  Options: There are three options that are reasonable to your family time and financial budget: three-day trip to a foreign country, four-day trip to a mountainous area, and a two-day trip at beach resort (Phương án : Có 3 phương án phù hợp cho gia đình của em về thời gian và tiện bạc : chuyến đi 3 ngày đến nước ngoài, chuyến đi 4 ngày đến khu vực miền núi và chuyến đi 2 ngày ở khu nghỉ dưỡng gần biển)

Requirement: Which do you think is the best choice?

(Yêu cầu: Em nghĩ cái nào là sự lựa chọn tốt nhất?)

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Answering method (Phương pháp trả lời): Step 1: Analyze the topic.(Phân tích chủ đề) (1 minute)  Choose the option that you have more ideas ( not the one you interested in ) (Chọn phương án mà em có nhiều ý tưởng nhất chứ không phải cái mà em quan tâm)  List 2 advantages (reasons) of the option you choose and disadvantages of the 2 remain options (Liệt kê 2 lợi ích/lý do của phương án mà em chọn và bất lợi của 2 cái còn lại) Step 2: Answer the question (trả lời câu hỏi)  Introduction : (paraphrase the statement) State the option you choose (Giới thiệu : Phát biểu phương án em chọn)  Body : state 2 advantages and compare with the other 2 options (Phát biểu 2 lợi ích và so sánh với 2 cái phương án còn lại)  Conclusion : Summarize your choice (Kết luận : tóm tắt sự lựa chọn của em)

Note:  Don’t try to complicate your ideas, Make it straightforward, simple and easy to understand (Đừng cố gắng phức tạp hóa ý kiến của mình. Làm cho nó đúng trọng tâm, đơn giản và dễ hiểu)  Compound and complex sentences are welcome (Phức tạp hóa các câu được khuyến khích)  Try to speak without hesitation. Choose the option that you find it easier to explain and support rather than choose what you like (Cố gắng nói mà không do dự. Chọn sự lựa chọn mà em thấy là dễ trình bày và bổ trợ hơn là chọn cái mình thích)

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 Try to maintain eye contact with the examiner during your talk (Cố gắng duy trì tiếp xúc bằng mắt với giám thị trong suốt quá trình nói)

Languages features: 1. Comparatives and superlatives (to show the similarities and differences between the options, try to highlight the most outstanding features of your option) (Sử dụng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất để diễn tả sự giống và khác nhau giữa các sự lựa chọn, cố gắng làm nổi bật điểm đáng chú ý trong sự lựa chọn của mình ) 2. Signal words to list the reasons and support to create coherence within your answer (Sử dụng các từ tín hiệu để liệt kê các lý do và hỗ trợ hình thành sự liên kết với câu trả lời) ESSENTIAL LANGUAGE FOR VSTEP SPEAKING – PART 2 1. Appropriate language to express “advantages” (Từ ngữ thích hợp để diễn tả lợi ích): clear benefits, obvious plus point, further merit,… a. Begin with an opening linking phrase that explains that “there are many advantages”.

(Bắt đầu bằng cách sử dụng cụm từ liên kết để giải thích “Có rất nhiều lợi ích”) 

Well I suppose that there are quite a few clear benefits.



Clearly there are a number of obvious merits.



Obviously there are a number of positive features.

b. Now, highlight the most obvious advantage: (Bây giờ làm nổi bật lợi ích nổi bật nhất) 

But I would probably say that the one thing that really stands out is that …



But it goes without saying that the most apparent would be that…



Although I guess that the most visible would be that…



However, I guess that the most evident would be that…

c. Now develop this advantage with one of the following structures (Bây giờ phát triển lợi ích này với một trong những cấu trúc sau) 

This is obviously favorable because



This is undoubtedly positive for the simple reason that…

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

This is without doubt beneficial because…

d. Now introduce your second advantage (Giới thiệu lợi ích thứ hai của em) : 

At the same time a second bonus might be that…



Besides this, a second plus point could be that…



As well as this a further favorable aspect would be that…

e. Add a simple sentence to explain the advantage and develop it with one of the following (Thêm một câu ví dụ để giải thích lợi ích đó và phát triển nó với một trong những câu sau) 

This is clearly advantageous because…



This is definitely valuable since…



This is surely a positive feature because…

NOTE: for most questions, two advantages should be enough to produce a good quality answer.

There is no need to list every advantage. (đối vời phần lớn các câu hỏi, 2 lợi ích là đủ để tạo thành một câu trả lời đầy đủ. Không cần phải liệt kệ mọi lợi ích ra) 2. Appropriate language to express “disadvantages” : drawback, shortcoming, limitation…

(Từ ngữ thích hợp để diễn tả những bất lợi) SUGGESTED STRUCTURES FOR DESCRIBING DISADVANTAGES OF SOMETHING (Cấu trúc gợi ý để diễn tả những điều bất lợi của thứ gì đó) a. Begin with a linking structure to explain that there are some disadvantages (Bắt đầu bằng một cấu trúc liên kết để giải thích rằng có một số bất lợi) 

I think it’s fair to say that there are few negative aspects.



I’m sure most people would agree that there are some drawbacks.



Of course there are a couple of shortcomings.

b. Now introduce your main disadvantage (Bây giờ nói về điểm bất lợi chính) 

I guess the most impractical characteristic would be that…



I suppose the most unfavorable quality might be that..



Unquestionably, the most adverse feature would be that…

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c. Now use a linking structure to develop this disadvantage (Sử dụng một cấu trúc liên kết để phát triển điểm bất lợi này) 

Most people would agree that this is problematic because…



This is an obvious weakness because…



This is a clear limitation because…

d. Now describe your second disadvantage (Bây giờ mô tả điểm bất lợi thứ hai) 

Correspondingly, an additional weak point might be that…



Supplementary to this, a further handicap may be that…



At the same time, another stumbling block might be that

e. Add a simple sentence to explain the disadvantage and develop it with one of the following (Thêm một câu ví dụ để giải thích điểm bất lợi và phát triển nó với một trong những câu sau) 

And the trouble with this is that…



This is can be a hassle because…



This is usually an aggravation because…

ADDITIONAL STRUCTURE TO CONVEY YOUR IDEAS (Cấu trúc thêm để truyền đạt ý của các em) 

State your opinion (Phát biểu ý kiến của mình)

I suppose I would choose A as the most suitable choice ( method , means)…

Certainly/ obviously/ A would be the ultimate option…

A is the option that suits me most… 

Explain your choice by giving two advantages (Giải thích sự lựa chọn của các em bằng cách đưa ra 2 lợi ích)

This is due to / because of two main factors.

Clearly/ obvious, there are two mains reason for my choice.

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

Present 2 other options (Giới thiệu thêm 2 sự lựa chọn khác)

It is also suggests that I choose B and C… My friends/ many/ several recommend that …

However, I was recommended that… because… 

Present the pros of B and C (Đưa ra những thuận lợi của B và C)

Regarding B, it can’t be denied that/ undeniably …

C is clearly effective since/ as/ for … 

Present the cons of B and C (Đưa ra những bất lợi của B và C)

As compared to A / in comparison with A,….

Conversely, B/C is not suitable …

Despite the plus points, B/C are not the ultimate options due to….

In spite off the positive, B / possesses several shortcoming. 

Present the disadvantage of A and rebut ( for rebuttal you may use the two tips presented in class) (Đưa ra điểm bất lợi của A và bác bỏ nó)

It is clear that A …; however, considering …

I must admit that A has one downside regarding …, however,…

Even though …, I still opt for this because…

Even though A is…, it is solvable…

Compared to B and C, A …; however…

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Example question for VSTEP speaking part II 1. You are going to invite your friends to your birthday party, but you are wondering where to hold your party: at your house? At a restaurant? or at a karaoke? (Bạn đang định mời bạn bè của mình đến bữa tiệc sinh nhật, nhưng bạn đang phân vân nên tổ chức bữa tiệc ở đâu : ở nhà của bạn? ở nhà hàng? hay ở quán karaoke?)

2. Your family is planning on a holiday. There are three options that are reasonable to your family time and financial budget: three – day trip to a foreign country, four-day trip to a mountainous area, and a two-day trip at a beach resort. What do you think is the best choice? (Gia đình của em đang lên kế hoạch cho kì nghỉ. Có 3 phương án phù hợp cho gia đình của em về thời gian và tiện bạc : chuyến đi 3 ngày đến nước ngoài, chuyến đi 4 ngày đến khu vực miền núi và chuyến đi 2 ngày ở khu nghỉ dưỡng gần biển ) 3. One of your classmates is having a trouble choosing another foreign language to study for some credits at university and asks you for your opinion. Between Spanish, Japanese and Thai, which one would be the best? (Một trong những bạn cùng lớp của em đang gặp khó khăn trong việc lựa chọn ngoại ngữ nào nên học cho một số học phần ở đại học và hỏi bạn để xin ý kiến. Giữa tiếng Tây Ban Nha, tiếng Nhật và tiếng Thái, cái nào em nghĩ là tốt nhất) 4. Your family is planning on overseas trip this Christmas. However, you and your family are still concerning about how long the trip would last. Between 3 days, 5 days and one week. Which one might be the best selection? (Gia đình của em đang lên kế hoạch cho chuyến đi nước ngoài vào dịp Giáng sinh này. Tuy vậy, em và gia đình của mình vẫn đang lo chuyến đi sẽ kéo dài trong bao lâu. Giữ 3 ngày, 5 ngày và 1 tuần. Em nghĩ cái nào sẽ là sự lựa chọn tốt nhất ) 5. An older couple is going away for their 40th wedding anniversary. They are considering three options: a day hike in the mountains, a luxurious cruise around the Mediterrean, a spa get away at a beach? Which do you think would be the most suitable? (Một cặp tình nhân lớn tuổi đang định đi xa để kỷ niệm 40 năm ngày cưới của họ. Họ đang suy xét 3 sự lựa chọn : đi bộ trên nuối, chuyến đi chơi biển sang chảnh ở xung quanh Mediterrean, hoặc đi Spa cách xa biển. Em nghĩ cái nào là thích hợp nhất ) 6. The youth club in your neighborhood intends to introduce a new activity for teenager in the area. They are considering three options: drama, chess and photography. Which do

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you think would be the most suitable for teenager in your area. (Câu lạc bộ tuổi trẻ trong khu vực của em định giới thiệu một hoạt động mới cho thanh thiếu nên trong khu vực. Họ đang cân nhắc 3 lựa chọn : kịch, tuồng , chơi cờ, nhiếp ảnh. Em nghĩ cái nào là phù hợp nhất cho thanh thiếu niên trong khu vực?)

7. In order to raise student’s awareness of world affairs, the principle of a high school in your neighborhood wants teacher to design a project on one of the following themes: climate change, terrorism and discrimination. Which do you think would be suitable for the project? (Để nâng cao nhận biết của học sinh về các vấn đề trên thế giới, hiệu trưởng của trường cấp 3 muốn giáo viên thiết kê một dự án theo một trong những chủ đề sau : biến đổi khí hậu, sự phân biệt đối xử và khủng bố. Em nghĩ cái nào sẽ thích hợp cho dự án? ) 8. The local council having extra funds wants to improve the area. Here are some suggestions on how the money can be spent: a sports center, a library and a park. Which do you think would be suitable for your area? (Hội đồng địa phương đang có một quỹ phụ để phát triển khu vực. Đây là một số gợi ý nên sử dụng tiền như thế nào : một trung tâm thể thao, thư viện và công viên. Em nghĩ cái nào sẽ phù hợp nhất với khu vực của mình? ) 9. This summer you and your friends are planning to go on a trip through Vietnam. Here are three means of transport you are considering: car, train and plane. Which would be best option in your opinion? (Mùa hè này em và các bạn của mình đang lên kế hoạch cho một chuyến đi xuyên Việt Nam. Đây là một trong 3 phương tiện gợi ý : xe hơi, tàu hỏa và máy bay. Theo ý của em cái nào là sự lựa chọn tốt nhất?)

10. You are planning on buying a house, there are three options that need consideration; well-equipped apartment on the 30th floor of a condominium in the city center; a threefloor house in the suburbs without any furniture , and a single-floor with full furniture.

What do you think is the best choice? (Em đang lên kế hoạch mua một căn nhà, có 3 sự lựa chọn cần được cân nhắc : một căn hộ trang bị tốt ở tầng 30 trong khu chung cư ở trung tâm thành phố, một căn nhà 3 tầng ở ngoại ô không có bất kỳ đồ đạc nào cả, và nhà một tầng với đầy đủ đồ đạc. Em nghĩ cái nào là lựa chọn tốt nhất ) 11. A group of friends is discussing ways to improve listening skill. Three possible options are watching movie on movie star, listening to radio programs and conversing with

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foreigners. Which way do you think is the best option? (Một nhóm bạn đang thảo luận cách để cải thiện kỹ năng nghe. 3 sự lựa chọn có thể lựa chọn đó là xem trên kênh movie star, nghe chương trình radio và hội thạo với người bản ngữ. Em nghĩ cách nào là tốt nhất? ) 12. A group of people are discussing ways to protect the environment. Three possible options are go to school or work by bicycle, recycle all bottles, cans and paper and buy locally made goods whenever possible. What way do you think is the best choice? (Một nhóm bạn đang thảo luận về cách bảo vệ môi trường. 3 sự lựa chọn có thể chọn đó là đến nơi làm việc và học tập bằng cách đi xe đạp, tái chế tất cả các chai,lọ giấy. Em nghĩ cách nào là tốt nhất? ) 13. Your class is going to get together and celebrate when exams are over. You and your friends have been asked to decide to have a picnic, a party at someone’s house or a meal at a restaurant. Which options do you think is the best choice? (Lớp của em đang ở cùng nhau và ăn mừng khi các bài kiểm tra đã kết thúc. Em và các bạn của mình được hỏi để quyết định có một cuộc picnic, một bữa tiệc ở nhà ai đó hoặc một bữa ăn tại nhà hàng.

Em nghĩ sự lựa chọn nào là tốt nhất?)

14. Some of your friends are thinking about a place to go on holiday. Which of three places do you think is the best options: sandy beach for sunbathing, picturesque mountainous area for picnic or recreational center for risky sports? (Một số người bạn của em đang nghĩ về một nơi đến cho kì nghỉ. Cái nào trong 3 địa điểm sau em nghĩ là tốt nhất : biển đầy cát để phơi nắng, khu vực vùng núi đẹp để picnic hay trung tâm giải trí cho các thể thao mạo hiểm ) 15. One of your friends has problem with his/ her sleep. What would you recommend him/ her to do to better sleep: counting sheep, reading before bed, listening to classical music?

(Một trong số người bạn của em có vấn đề về giấc ngủ của cô ấy/cậu ấy. Bạn sẽ khuyên người ấy làm gì? đếm cừu, đọc sách trước khi ngủ, nghe nhạc cổ điển ) 16. Your friends are discussing ways to makes donations for charitable organizations. Three options are donating old clothes, produce hand- made scrafts and sell for money, giving food. Which do you think is the best option? (Bạn của em đang thảo luận cách để lập quỹ cho tổ chức từ thiện. 3 sự lựa chọn đó là : quyên góp quần áo, làm khăn chòang và bán lấy tiền, hỗ trợ đồ ăn)

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17. You and your friends are going to go out tonight. Which places would you like to go to: the cinema, shopping center, recreation center? (Em và các bạn của mình đang định đi ra ngoài tối này. Nơi nào mà em thích đi : rạp chiếu phim, trung tâm mua sắm, trung tâm giải trí) 18. You and your friends are making hand-made crafts for charitable fund-raising. You are thinking how to advertise your products: using Facebook, distributing leaflets, sending emails/ text messages. Which options do you think is the best choice. (Em và các bạn của mình đang làm một số đồ thủ công để lập quỹ từ thiện. Em đang suy nghĩ cách nào để quảng bá sản phẩm của mình : sử dụng facebook, phân phát tờ rơi, gửi email/tin nhắn.

Em nghĩ lựa chọn nào là tốt nhất?)

19. You feel sorry for the mistake you’ve made with a friend. You want to make apology but don’t know if a telephone call, a text message or handing writing letter can do best. (Bạn đang cảm thấy có lỗi bởi vì sai lầm mắc phải với bạn của mình. Bạn muốn xin lỗi nhưng không biết bằng cách nào : gọi điện thoại, gửi tin nhắn hoặc là thư viết tay?)

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VSTEP SPEAKING PART 3 TOPIC DEVELOPMENT In this part of the test, there will be given a STATEMENT and some SUPPORTING (Ở phần này của bài thi, sẽ có một câu phát biểu được đưa ra và một số ý hỗ trợ) DETAILS, which are displayed in a MIND-MAP. You need to CLARIFY the statement by using the supporting details and your OWN IDEAS (Chi tiết được thể hiện rõ ở mind-map. Các em cần phải làm sáng tỏ câu phải biểu bằng cách sử dụng các chi tiết hỗ trợ và chính ý của mình) Example: reading habit should be encouraged among teenagers.

(Thoái quen đọc sách nên được khuyến khích ở thanh thiếu niêu )

In creases knowledge

Reduces stress

READING

Your own ideas

Improves memory

-

Statement: reading habit should be encouraged among teenagers (thoái quen đọc sách nên được khuyến khích ở thanh thiếu niên)

-

Supporting details: increases knowledge (tang kiến thức)

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Reduces stress (giảm áp lực) Improves memory (cải thiện trí nhớ) Answering method Step 1: analyze the topic (phân tích chủ đề)( 1 minute) Find synonym, phrasal verbs, collocation, etc. (Tìm các từ đồng nghĩa, cụm động

-

từ, sắp xếp,…để thay đổi ) -

Find example for each supporting detail or clarify it with more information (Tìm ví dụ cho mỗi chi tiết hỗ trợ và làm rõ với nhiều thông tin hơn)

-

Find your own idea and example or more information for it. (Tìm ý kiến của riêng mình và ví dụ hoặc nhiều thông tin hơn cho nó)

Step 2: state your answer (phát biểu câu trả lời) -

Introduction; paraphrase the statement. (Giới thiệu, diễn giải câu phát biểu )

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Body: develop the supporting details (which are given as nouns, noun phrase, verbs phrase, etc.) into sentences. For each supporting detail, present example or further information. (Phát triển ý hỗ trợ bằng những dang từ, cụm động từ được cho trong câu. Với mỗi chi tiết hỗ trợ, đưa ra ví dụ hoặc thông tin thêm) Conclusion: summarize the topic. (Tổng kết chủ đề)

-

Tips: -

Try to vary your vocabulary by using synonym , related words, phrasal verbs, etc, instead of using given words (Cố gắng làm phong phú từ vựng của mình bằng cách sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa, các từ liên quan, cụm động từ,.. thay vì sử dụng những từ đã cho)

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For the extended questions, use the method of speaking part 1 (Đối với câu hỏi thêm, sử dụng phương pháp part 1)

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Answer sample: reading habit should be encouraged among teenagers Step 1  Statement: -

Reading habit = reading culture, the habit of reading , the culture of reading

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Encouraged =to boost, to inspire

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Teenagers = the youth , adolescence, young people, young generation, teens  Supporting details

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Increase knowledge = broaden/ widen knowledge / understanding Knowledge gathers day by day through books.

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Reduces stress = release stress, get away from pressure, stress reduction Keep people away from reality

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Improve memory = memory improvement Have to remember characters, backgrounds, etc => help to gain memory improvement  Own ideas: improve focus and concentration.

Step 2 Reading culture seems to be forgotten because of modern technology. However, teens should engage with reading for following reasons (Văn hóa đọc sách dường như đã bị lãng quên bởi vì công nghệ hiện đại. Tuy vậy, giới trẻ nên đọc sách bởi vì các lý do sau) First of all, the culture of reading allows young generation to widen their understanding. In fact, everything they achieve from book would fill their head with new information. (Đầu tiên, văn hóa đọc cho phép giới trẻ mở rộng hiểu biết của mình. Trên thực tế, tất cả mà họ tiếp thu được từ sách sẽ lấp đầy trí thức của họ với những thông tin mới) Next, reading habit would be method to free adolescence’s mind. No matter how much stress they have at a school, at home, in their relationships, it all just slips away when they lose themselves in a great story. (Tiếp theo, thoái quen đọc là phương pháp để giải tỏa tâm trí giới trẻ. Không cần biết họ căng thẳng ở trường, ở nhà nhiều như thế nào. Tất cả sẽ vụt tắt đi bằng cách đắm chìm trong những mẫu chuyện tuyệt vời)

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Another good point of reading culture is the memory improvement it brings. When you read a book, you have to remember characters, their backgrounds as well as their ambitions, history, etc. It is undeniable that it is a good method to practice memorization skills. (Một yếu tố tích cực khác của văn hóa đọc sách đó là khả năng cải thiện trí nhớ mà nó mang lại. Khi bạn đọc một quyển sách, bạn phải nhớ các nhân vật, khung cảnh cũng như là những khát khao, câu chuyện của họ,…Không thể phủ nhận đó là một phương pháp tốt để luyện tập khả năng ghi nhớ) Lastly, teens would improve focus and concentration through reading books. When they read a book, all of their attention is focused on the story. As a result, their ability to concentrate would be increase. (Cuối cùng, giới trẻ sẽ cải thiện được khả năng tập trung qua việc đọc sách. Khi họ đọc một quyển sách, tất cả các sự chú ý của họ sẽ tập trung vào câu chuyện. Và kết quả đạt được sẽ là khả năng tập trung được tăng lên ) To sum up, the youth should be inspired to read books due to the benefits it bring. (Kết luận, giới trẻ nên được truyền cảm hừng để đọc sách nhờ vào những lợi ích mà nó mang lại)

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CHƯƠNG 5: ĐỀ THI THỬ

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ĐỀ THI THỬ SỐ 1

PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – 40 PHÚT PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – 60 PHÚT PHẦN 3: VIẾT – 60 PHÚT PHẦN 4: NÓI – 12 PHÚT

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PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – VSTEP Thời gian: 40 phút Số câu hỏi: 35 Directions: In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts in this section with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the recording.

There will be time for you to read the instructions and you will have a chance to check your work.

The recording will be played ONCE only.

Time allowance: about 40 minutes, including 05 minutes to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

PART 1: Questions 1-8 Directions: In the part, you will hear EIGHT short announcements or instructions. There is one question for each announcement or instruction. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, c or D. Then, on the answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer that you have chosen.

Now, let’s listen to an example. On the recording, you will hear: Woman: Hello. This is the travel agency returning your call - You left a message about the holiday you've booked, asking which meals are included in the cost during your stay at Sunny Hotel. Lunch and dinner are free but if you wish to have breakfast in the hotel, you will need to pay an extra amount of money, depending on what you order. Let me know if I can help you with any other information. Goodbye.

On the test book, you will read: Which meal is NOT included in the price of the holiday?

A. Breakfast B. Lunch C. Dinner D. All meals The correct answer is A. Breakfast. Now, let’s begin with the first question.

1. What is the purpose of the message?

A. to schedule a checkup B. to delay a meeting C. to confirm an appointment D. to request some files 2. What is being advertised?

A. a city tour

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3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

B. a spa package C. a hotel D. a hospital According to the announcement, what will be built near Berryville?

A. a university B. a high school C. a new hospital wing D. an airport terminal Who is this announcement probably for?

A. factory employees B. office managers C. safety supervisors D. hotel workers What is the purpose of the message?

A. to make a reservation at a restaurant B. to ask about a new employee C. to invite a co-worker for dinner D. to offer a ride home What is this message about?

A. a new security policy B. the business hours C. an office relocation D. a permanent closure What is the purpose of the message?

A. to make an appointment B. to offer a position C. to cancel an interview D. to confirm receipt of an application Who is the speaker?

A. a new employee B. the founder C. the chairman of the board D. the personnel director

PART 2: Questions 9-20 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE conversations. The conversations will not be repeated. There are four questions for each conversation, t or each question, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Questions 9 to 12 refer to the following conversation.

9. Why is the woman calling?

A. to make an appointment B. to speak with dr. Johnson

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C. to confirm an appointment D. to receive some medical advice 10. What is probably true about the man?

A. He is a doctor.

B. He is very busy these days.

C. He is the woman’s Mend.

D. He will be late for the appointment.

11. What does the woman ask the man to do?

A. show up to his appointment a little early B. get more medical insurance C. wait 10 minutes in the waiting area D. always arrange his appointments a day early 12. What will the man likely take to his appointment?

A. his past medical records B. some insurance documents C. his appointment book D. an application form Questions 13 to 16 refer to the following conversation.

13. Who most likely are they?

A. journalists B. physicians C. lawyers D. restaurant owners 14. Who has been mentioning the study to the woman?

A. her patients B. her mother-in-law C. her doctor D. her friends 15. When will they likely attend the conference?

A. Today B. Friday C. Saturday D. Sunday 16. Who is going to visit the woman?

A. her mends B. her husband C. her mother-in-law D. her patients Questions 17 to 20 refer to the following conversation.

17. What are they talking about?

A. a newly released product B. the duration of the warranty

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C. a customer they helped D. a vehicle the man recently fixed 18. According to the man, what was the customer most satisfied with?

A. The low cost of the repair work B. The free service they provided C. The competitive price of their products D. The length of the warranty period 19. What do the speakers feel makes customers happy?

A. the low price B. the great service C. the free gifts D. the store hours 20. What is true about the customer?

A. He is a loyal one.

B. He thought the warranty had expired.

C. He will definitely come back to the store.

D. He will recommend the store to his friend.

PART 3: Questions 21-35 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE talks, lectures or conversations. The talks, lectures, or conversations will not be repeated. There are five questions for each talk, lecture, or conversation. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, C or D. Questions 21 to 25 refer to the following conversation.

21. Why is the woman visiting this office?

A. She wants to be a science major.

B. She wants to learn about politics.

C. She is interested in registering for a course.

D. She is interested in Political Science.

22. Why are there few people in the honors program?

A. It is not considered a prestigious program.

B. The requirements are difficult to meet.

C. No one likes the economics requirement.

D. It is an unpopular program.

23. What subject is NOT included, if the woman chooses Political Science?

A. Political Science 1 B. Writing seminar C. Political Science 2 D. Economics 24. Which is one of the requirements, if the woman chooses International Relation program?

A. Students have to maintain over a "B" average in all required courses.

B. Students have to study economics and a second history credit.

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C. Students need to be realistic in their expectation.

D. A, B, and C are all correct.

25. What is NOT a reason for the Political Science Department's elaborate registration process?

A. to make students think carefully about what courses they will take B. to have a similar system with other majors C. to make students have a planned program D. to ensure students have realistic expectations Questions 26- 30 refer to the following lecture.

26. What happened to the debate club meeting?

A. They painted instead of debating.

B. The club was disbanded.

C. The meeting was moved to another room, D. The meeting was postponed.

27. Why couldn’t the man receive the email?

A. He was too busy with his classes.

B. He was in a meeting.

C. His computer has been out of order.

D. His friend forgot to tell him.

28. What is going to happen with the debate club’s meeting room?

A. It is going to be demolished.

B. It is going to be sold.

C. It is going to be repainted.

D. It is going to be closed.

29. What is true about the debate club’s meeting room?

A. It is too small for the group.

B. It is called "Turner Auditorium”.

C. It will soon be enlarged to accommodate everyone.

D. It is file most run-down room in the student building.

30. What can be inferred about the man?

A. He does not enjoy the debate club.

B. He is not taking many classes.

C. He is a weak debater.

D. He is not ready for his debate yet.

Questions 31 to 35 refer to the following professor’s talk.

31. What is the professor mainly talking about?

A. The science of space travel B. Scientific problems in Star Wars C. The erroneous science in science fiction D. Why science fiction is bad literature 32. According to the lecture, what is wrong with space travel in most science fiction?

A. There are no aliens in outer space.

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B. There is no way to go faster than light speed.

C. There are many other stars and galaxies.

D. There is nowhere to go in outer space.

33. According to the professor, how long does it take to travel to the closest star to Earth?

A. three light years B. one hundred light years C. hundreds light years D. a million light years 34. What does the professor NOT say about the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey?

A. It is exceptionally good.

B. It portrays gravity correctly.

C. It does not have faster-than-light travel.

D. It does not depict sound in space.

35. What can be inferred about science fiction?

A. Many people do not like watching science fiction.

B. It is costly to make science fiction.

C. Science fiction is not meant to teach us about science.

D. The film Space Odyssey is a famous science fiction.

This is the end of the listening paper.

Now you have 05 MINUTES to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

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PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – VSTEP Thời gian: 60 phút Số câu hỏi: 40 Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1- Questions 1-10 It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins early in the year. In January and February, or as late as March in the North, the male calls to the female with a resonant hoot. The female is larger than the male. She sometimes reaches a body length of twenty-two to twenty-four inches, with a wingspread up to fifty inches. To impress her, the male does a strange courtship dance. He bobs. He bows. He ruffles his feathers and hops around with an important air.

He flutters from limb to limb and makes flying sorties into the air. Sometimes he returns with an offering of food. They share the repast, after which she joins the dance, hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the beat of an inner drum.

Owls are poor home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or even to occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or crow. These structures are large and rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and feathers. Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare ground.

The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically settles herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from snow and cold. It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks its way out of the shell. As the young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide eyes and quizzical expressions. They clamor for food and keep the parents busy supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and beetles.

Later in the season baby crows are taken. Migrating songsters, waterfowl, and game birds all fall prey to the hungry family. It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave the nest to search for their own food. The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive the young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own.

1. What is the topic of this passage?

A. Raising a family of great horned owls B. Mating rituals of great horned owls C. Nest building of great horned owls D. Habits of young great horned owls 2. The phrase "a resonant hoot" is closest in meaning to _______.

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A. an instrument B. a sound C. a movement D. an offering of food 3. It can be inferred from the passage that the courtship of great horned owls _______.

A. takes place on the ground B. is an active process C. happens in the fall D. involves the male alone 4. According to the passage, great horned owls ________.

A. are discriminate nest builders B. need big nests for their numerous eggs C. may inhabit a previously used nest D. build nests on tree limbs 5. According to the passage, which of the following is the mother owl's job?

A. to initiate the courtship ritual B. to feed the young C. to sit on the nest D. to build the nest 6. The phrase "precious charges" refers to ________.

A. the eggs B. the nest C. other nesting owls D. the hawks and crows 7. According to the passage, young owlets eat everything EXCEPT ________.

A. other small birds B. insects C. small mammals D. nuts and seeds 8. The word "they" refers to _________.

A. the wise old men B. the adult birds C. the young birds D. the prey 9. What can be inferred from the passage about the adult parents of the young great horned owls?

A. They are sorry to see their young leave home.

B. They are lazy and careless about feeding the small owlets.

C. They probably don't see their young after November.

D. They don't eat while they are feeding their young.

10. The phrase "weary of" is closest in meaning to _________.

A. tired of B. become sad about

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C. support D. are attracted to PASSAGE 2- Questions 11-20 In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, a family from the East of the United States could either buy steamboat passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons, and their livestock or-as happened more often-simply pile everything into a wagon, hitch up a team, and begin their overland trek right in their front yard.

Along the macadamized roads and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel was comparatively fast, camping easy, and supplies plentiful. Then, in one river town or another, the neophyte emigrants would pause to lay in provisions. For outfitting purposes, the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827, but the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points. Westport and Fort Leavenworth flourished a few miles upriver. St. Joseph had sprung up 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail by staying on the paddle-wheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.

At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others as green as themselves, and made their final decisions about outfitting. They had various, sometimes conflicting, options. For example, either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the overland crossing. A family man usually chose the wagon. It was the costliest and slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife who likely as not was pregnant. Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by mountain rocks, that it might mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand-but maybe if those things happened on this trip, they would happen to someone else. Anyway, most pioneers, with their farm background, were used to wagons.

11. What is the topic of this passage?

A. Important river towns B. Getting started on the trip west C. The advantages of traveling by wagon D. Choosing a point of departure 12. All of the following can be inferred from the passage about travel east of the Missouri EXCEPT that it _______________.

A. was faster than in the West B. was easier than in the West C. took place on good roads D. was usually by steamboat 13. The phrase "jump-off point" in the passage is closest in meaning to________.

A. a bridge across a river B. a point of departure C. a gathering place D. a trading post 14. Which of the cities that served as a jump-off point can be inferred from the passage to be farthest west?

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A. Independence B. St. Joseph C. Westport D. Fort Leavenworth 15. The word "preeminent" in the passage is closest in meaning to_____________.

A. Oldest B. Superior C. most easily reached D. closest 16. The author implies in the passage that the early emigrants _____________.

A. knew a lot about travel B. were well stocked with provisions when they left their homes C. left from the same place in Missouri D. preferred wagon travel to other types of travel 17. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as options for modes of transportation from the Missouri River to the West EXCEPT _______________.

A. a wagon B. a riverboat C. a pack animal D. a two-wheel cart 18. In line 11, the word "striking" is closest in meaning to _____________ A. hitting B. orienting C. departing D. marking 19. All of the following features of the covered wagon made it unattractive to the emigrants EXCEPT _________________.

A. the speed at which it could travel B. its bulk C. its familiarity and size D. its cost 20. In the passage, the phrase "those things" refers to _______________.

A. the types of transportation B. the belongings of the pioneers C. the problems of wagon travel D. the overland routes

PASSAGE 3 – Questions 21-30 Alexander the Great commissioned the city of Alexandria to create a Mediterranean stronghold in Egypt to rival Rome and cities in Greece. He died before his idea came to fruition, but his successors built it into one of the greatest cities of the Hellenistic world. The Royal Library of Alexandria has achieved an almost mythical status among scholars of classical studies. As with many ancient topics, scholarship on the matter often conflicts and relies heavily on hearsay and supposition. We will examine the importance of the library during its heyday and how it operated.

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As with many ancient landmarks, there is much debate and controversy over Alexandria's library, especially regarding its destruction. The tale has been retold by countless historians and attributed to just as many different factions and rulers, not to profile this landmark of education, but as a tool for political slander. It is estimated that there are over 4000 writings regarding its destruction, yet very little data exists regarding the structure, layout, organization, administration, or whereabouts of the complex. The accuracy of the available information is suspect. However, 20th century scholars have reached some general consensus from the remaining sources.

Most historians have come to the conclusion that the original library (also known as the Temple of the Muses) was commissioned by Ptolemy I, Alexander's key general. More accurately, it was commissioned by the Athenian exile Demetrius of Phaleron under Ptolemy l's patronage.

Traditionally it was attributed to his son Ptolemy II. However, it was later shown that Demetrius was antagonistic toward Ptolemy II and did not survive for much of his reign. Ptolemy II can be seen as responsible for the fruition and completion of the library and museum complex. H.G. Wells asserts that Ptolemy and his son encouraged 'a blaze of knowledge and discovery at Alexandria' through their funding of the library and other endowments.

The library itself was not a 'library' in the modem etymology. In fact, the library was essentially a collection of scholars and scribes encouraged to expand scientific and philosophical wisdom and musings brought about because of the ambition and drive of Ptolemy I. It was not the first institution of its type, developing about a half-century after Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum. About 30-50 scholars were probably permanently housed there, fed, and funded, first by the royal family, and later, according to an early Roman scroll, by public money. It served a religious, as well as an intellectual, function and it was the centerpiece of a so-called cult of the muses, governed by a priest.

[A] The library’s output was created through observation and deduction in math, medicine, astronomy, and geometry, the editing of texts and manuscripts, and debating various advances in Western knowledge. [B] For two or three generations, the scientific output at Alexandria was considerably good. Its achievements included the introduction of the first steam engine, the first star map, and an astoundingly accurate estimate of the Earth's diameter. [C] Famous scholars employed there included Euclid, Eratosthenes, Apollonius, and Hero. [D] The library may have consisted of a group of buildings, including lecture halls, study rooms, dining rooms, gardens, and an astronomical observatory, hi organization of the library, it is believed that, in the time of Ptolemy II, the scrolls were haphazardly stored and grouped by general category.

From the time of Callimachus onwards, they used an early iteration of a subject catalog. Subject divisions outlined by Callimachus included mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and geometry, as well as philology. At its peak, it is estimated about 600,000 scrolls were held within its walls, although that is likely an overstatement.

The Ptolemys achieved their goal of creating the largest collection of its kind by varied and often forceful means. At the time of its founding, Greek libraries were usually collections of manuscripts by private individuals. Ptolemy had a vision to collect all accepted literature on all matters scientific, philosophical and spiritual. The library tried to get copies of all known books and would

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send agents far and wide to acquire them. Ptolemy III wrote a letter "to all the world's sovereigns” asking to borrow their books. On more than a few occasions, scribes made copies and kept the originals. Supposedly, all ships entering Alexandria's harbor were searched for books to copy.

The Royal Library of Alexandria was created at an ideal time and place in world history. It was able to combine the deductive techniques of Greek thought toward the learning of other world cultures. As such, it holds a legendary position among historians as an important center of classical knowledge. Although much of the story has been buried with time and conflict, the importance and significance of its contributions are clear.

21. All of the following sentences express important ideas in the passage EXCEPT _________.

A. The library was essentially a collection of scholars and scribes encouraged to expand scientific ad philosophical wisdom.

B. In the time of Callimachus, the scrolls were haphazardly stored and grouped by general category.

C. It is estimated that there were over 4000 writings about its destruction, yet very little evidence exists.

D. The library tried to get copies of all known books and would employ several methods of acquiring them.

22. The word “factions” in the passage is closest in meaning to __________.

A. sections B. insubordinates C. cliques D. conspiracies 23. The word “its” in the passage refers to _________.

A. data B. education C. the Royal Library of Alexandria D. destruction 24. The author mentions “its destruction” in the passage in order to _________.

A. introduce the idea that the destruction was caused by natural disaster B. illustrate that there are so many arguments surrounding its demise and disappearance C. indicate the difference between its destruction and other libraries destruction D. highlight the difference between the library and other historic sites 25. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways of leave out essential information.

A. Commissioned by Ptolemy I, the Royal Library was a place where people who wanted to learn gathered to study and record their philosophies.

B. The library was a large building where students gathered to research and study.

C. Philosophers often visited the library to further their studies.

D. Many people gathered at the Royal Library in Alexandria in order to socialize with their friends.

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26. According to paragraph 6, what was true about the early iteration of a subject catalog?

A. All the books were grouped within two general categories.

B. The books were chosen for their innovation, thematic impact, and popular appeal.

C. The librarians organized the collection of books systematically.

D. The library achieved an astonishing collection and many developments.

27. The word “overstatement” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A. estimation B. falsehood C. exaggeration D. presumption 28. Which of the following can be inferred about the Royal Library from the passage?

A. Most of the manuscripts from the library are preserved in modern museums.

B. Several writings from the library have been scanned and can be viewed on the Internet.

C. Little of the manuscripts contained in the library are in existence today.

D. The library is currently being reconstructed.

29. According to historians, all of the following were true about the Royal Library of Alexandria EXCEPT _______.

A. It probably contained over 600,000 writings.

B. Little is known of its exact location.

C. It was responsible for the first star map.

D. It was the largest and most magnificent library in history.

30. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

It remained an important intellectual center for over 500 years until numerous fires and other problems eroded its significance.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] PASSAGE 4 – Questions 31-40 The Pacific Ocean contains approximately 20,000 to 30,000 islands. Islands, excluding Australia, that are south of the Tropic of Cancer are grouped into three divisions: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

Melanesia includes the nation of Papua New Guinea, provinces of Indonesia, and the Solomon Islands. Micronesia means ‘small islands,’ most of which are north of the equator. Finally, Polynesia, which means ‘many islands,’ includes the Hawaiian Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Easter Island, among others. Migrants from South East Asian cities were the first settlers. The next wave

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of migrants populated New Guinea, gradually spreading to Fiji. The last of the Pacific islands to be settled was Polynesia. Hawaii was discovered sometime between the 7th and 13th centuries.

Bats were the only mammals on these islands until the arrival of the first humans. Birds adapted to environmental niches, like grazers and insectivores. Due to the cool and humid location, New Zealand lost plants and animals, like the giant flightless bird, that were intolerant of its climate.

However, the extinction coincided with the arrival of the Melanesians, so it was probably caused by hunting and fires. Adding to that, mining and a natural drought destroyed a majority of the natural habitat. This was repeated on Easter Island, where early settlers wiped out 22 species of sea birds and land birds. By the time the Europeans had arrived, most of the plant life was extinct and nearly 30% of the forests were cleared.

The invasion of New Zealand by the Europeans resulted in a complete transformation of the island, importing over 3,198 species of plants and animals and filling most of the wetlands.

Australia also imported animals and plants from many Pacific island countries. Sheep, pigs, goats and foxes were brought to Australia, which further disrupted the native ecosystems. Many plants and animals are presently endangered.

The plants and animals that inhabit Pacific islands are found nowhere else on earth. They are often adapted to specific habitats and live on a small part of a few islands. New Caledonia is an island that has been isolated from other lands for over 80 million years. 66 percent of the plant life there evolved on the island. Numerous plant species, unique in the world, are on a small area of one mountain and are represented by only a few specimens.

This varied genetic heritage is of such scientific importance that New Caledonia has been listed as one of the ten hot spots where the primary forest is in danger of extinction. It also boasts 68 species of bird; the most diverse bird life in the Southwest Pacific.

During the first Ice Age, ocean levels were much lower than they are at present. Levels in the shallow seas, now separating Asia from North America near the present-day Bering strait, dropped approximately 300 feet, creating 1,000 miles of grassland plain. Called the ‘Bering Land Bridge,’ this linked Asia and North America together. The Bering Sea has a long history of stable animal populations, despite the harsh environments, which sustain human life. Lemmings, ox, and mammoths all made the journey across the land bridge. Although mammoths have been extinct for quite a while now, the other two have remained.

Pacific walruses inhabit shallow waters of the Bering Sea during winter. They congregate to feed on clams, their principal food. [A] This type of feeding releases nutrients into the water, providing food for starfish and increasing the roughness of the sea floor. [B] Actual impact of the ecology of bottom communities is unknown, but walruses, along with other animals like beavers, and sea otters, have huge effects m the biological communities they occupy. [C] Animals such as seals, bowhead whales, and walruses are important for the subsistence of their community. [D] Pacific islands have the same pollution and over fishing problems as most countries. Destructive forms of fishing in Asian nations have taken their toll on marine animals such as birds and tuna.

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Many of these nations have now entered joint venture agreements to enable them to develop their marine resources more efficiently.

31. The word “populated” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

A. inhabited B. exiled C. traveled D. governed 32. The word “it” in the passage refers to ________.

A. arrival B. extinction C. climate D. hunting 33. Why does the author mention “The invasion of New Zealand by the Europeans” in the passage?

A. to demonstrate its destructive effect on local ecosystems B. to explain how many of New Zealand’s species came into being C. to show the lack of responsibility that early settlers had toward new places D. to draw a comparison to the way Australia expanded in the Pacific.

34. According to paragraph 5, what is unique about the Pacific Islands?

A. They have a long history of traditional management approaches for marine resources.

B. They are home to rare and unique animals.

C. They are made up of 66% plant life.

D. They have all been damaged by European settlers.

35. The word “specimens” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

A. genres B. features C. examples D. images 36. According to paragraph 7, how has the Bering Sea aided life forms in the past?

A. By providing creatures with plentiful food B. By being home to a diverse and varied ecosystem C. By allowing transit across the great ice shelves in the Americans D. By keeping creatures cool and comfortable in the ice 37. According to the passage, which of the following is true of walruses?

A. They protect the surrounding ecosystem by preventing over-fishing.

B. Their unique feeding habits enrich the ecosystem with nutrients.

C. They are solitary animals which hunt and eat by themselves.

D. They are usually found living in the deepest regions of the Bering Sea. 38. Which of the following best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Although ecological impacts are not known, many species are largely dependent on animals occupying a sub-level.

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B. The true biological diversity of all the walruses is revealed only below the species level.

C. Beavers and otters are strongly related to the walrus family because there is a clear cause-effect relationship.

D. There is a great deal that still needs to be learned about biological communities and ecosystems.

39. According to paragraph 9, what measures have been taken to protect sea creatures?

A. Protection agencies have begun guarding areas known for high fish population.

B. Destructive fishing methods such as drag-nets have been outlawed.

C. Agreements have been made to ensure that marine resources are used carefully.

D. Restrictions have been placed on amounts permitted to be fished in certain areas.

40. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

Walruses blow the clams loose with a jet of water, then suck them from their shells.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] This is the end of the reading paper.

Now please submit your test paper and your answer sheets.

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PHẦN 3: VIẾT - VSTEP Thời gian: 60 phút Số câu hỏi: 2 TASK 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

You live in Ho Chi Minh City. You moved to Manchester to study English three months ago.

You have just received an email from a friend of mine, Sara from London. Read the part of her email below. .....................

What’s Manchester like? I bet the weather’s not too good!

Have you still got that part-time job in the fast-food restaurant? It must be a good way of speaking to new people and making friends.

What about the family you’re staying with? Do you go out much in the evening? I hope the English classes are going well. ………………

Sara

Write a reply to Sara. In your email, you have to describe Manchester and the weather there, tell her about your part-time job, the family you are staying with, and your activities in the evening, and final you have to write about your English classes there.

You should write at least 120 words.

TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

In order to solve traffic problems, Vietnamese government should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

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PHẦN 4: NÓI - VSTEP Thời gian: 12 phút Số câu hỏi: 3 Part 1: Social Interaction (3’) Let’s talk about walking.

- Do you like walking? When and where do you walk?

- Do you think walking is important?

- Do you think walking in the countryside is better than walking in the city?

Let’s talk about eating habits.

- Do you often eat healthy food?

- What do you usually eat at school/ at work?

- What is the unhealthiest food you can think of?

Part 2: Solution Discussion (4’) Situation: You are choosing a birthday gift for your friend. There are three suggestions: a book, a music show ticket, and a shopping coupon. Which do you think is the best choice?

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Part 3: Topic Development (5’) Topic: Cheap air travel should be promoted.

offers a flexible travelling mode

reduces travelling costs

Cheap air travel

[your own ideas]

creates business opportunities

- Do you think that governments should encourage cheap flights?

- Are there any problems with low-cost air travel?

- Cheap air tickets should be offered on domestic flights or international flights?

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ĐỀ THI THỬ SỐ 2

PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – 40 PHÚT PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – 60 PHÚT PHẦN 3: VIẾT – 60 PHÚT PHẦN 4: NÓI – 12 PHÚT

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PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – VSTEP Thời gian: 40 phút Số câu hỏi: 35 Directions: In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts in this section with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the recording.

There will be time for you to read the instructions and you will have a chance to check your work.

The recording will be played ONCE only.

Time allowance: about 40 minutes, including 05 minutes to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

PART 1: Questions 1-8 Directions: In the part, you will hear EIGHT short announcements or instructions. There is one question for each announcement or instruction. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, c or D. Then, on the answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer that you have chosen.

Now, let’s listen to an example. On the recording, you will hear: Woman: Hello. This is the travel agency returning your call - You left a message about the holiday you've booked, asking which meals are included in the cost during your stay at Sunny Hotel. Lunch and dinner are free but if you wish to have breakfast in the hotel, you will need to pay an extra amount of money, depending on what you order. Let me know if I can help you with any other information. Goodbye.

On the test book, you will read: Which meal is NOT included in the price of the holiday?

E. Breakfast F. Lunch G. Dinner H. All meals The correct answer is A. Breakfast. Now, let’s begin with the first question.

1. Who is probably making talking on the phone?

A. the receptionist at a hotel B. the receptionist at a dentist’s C. a travel agent D. a real estate agent 2. Why has the meeting been relocated?

A. Because a building is being renovated.

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3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

B. Because the North Tower is being painted.

C. Because the South Tower is sold.

D. Because the North Tower is more spacious.

What is the main cause of decreased domestic sales?

A. a weak economy B. competition C. retail clothing sector D. domestic economy What should the listeners do before they skate?

A. get permission from the safety coordinator B. wear the proper safety equipment C. pay a nominal fee D. have membership cards What profession does the speaker work in?

A. sports therapy B. sports broadcasting C. physical training D. sports fashion What is the purpose of Ricardo’s visit?

A. to train staff members B. to oversee a project C. to learn business methods D. to see a client What kind of business would be making this announcement?

A. a gas station B. a hotel C. a restaurant D. a store Why has confidence increased?

A. Because of increased investment B. Because of low inflation C. Because of higher production D. Because of government data

PART 2: Questions 9-20 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE conversations. The conversations will not be repeated. There are four questions for each conversation, t or each question, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Questions 9 to 12 refer to the following conversation.

9. What is the problem?

A. The woman does not know how to get to the man’s office.

B. The copy machine is not working properly.

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C. The man is late for his appointment.

D. The woman can’t go to the office today 10. Who most likely is the man?

A. an auto mechanic B. a photocopier technician C. a new assistant D. a coffee shop owner 11. What does the man ask the woman to do?

A. to have a clinic check-up B. to turn off the machine C. to check the inside paper jam D. to call another technician 12. When will the man most likely get to the woman’s office?

A. In the morning B. During lunch C. In the afternoon D. In the evening Questions 13 to 16 refer to the following conversation.

13. What is the woman’s problem?

A. She lost a library book.

B. She does not know where Germany is.

C. The library does not have a book she needs.

D. The library will not let her sign out a book.

14. Why does the woman need to find the book?

A. She wants to borrow it for a friend.

B. She wants it for her essay.

C. She wants to learn about computer systems.

D. She wants to collect it.

15. What does the man offer to do for the woman?

A. He will help her to locate the material she wants from other libraries.

B. He will ask his friends about the material she needs.

C. He asks her to go to the nearest library.

D. He asks her to go to the book store.

16. What if the woman borrow more than 5 books from other libraries?

A. She has to return the books earlier than usual.

B. She has to pay a small service charge.

C. She has to fill in a special form.

D. She has to deposit.

Questions 17 to 20 refer to the following conversation.

17. When is the woman supposed to meet James?

A. At noon B. At 4 o’clock

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C. At 4.15 D. At 10 o’clock 18. What can be inferred about James?

A. The low cost of the repair work B. The free service they provided C. The competitive price of their products D. The length of the warranty period 19. What is true about the man?

A. He is a friend of Jane’s and James’.

B. He is Jane’s teacher.

C. He doesn’t know James.

D. He is an irresponsible man.

20. Why does Jane have this appointment?

A. to meet her old friends B. to complain about James’ behavior C. to prepare for her exam D. to have an interview PART 3: Questions 21-35 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE talks, lectures or conversations. The talks, lectures, or conversations will not be repeated. There are five questions for each talk, lecture, or conversation. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, C or D. Questions 21 to 25 refer to the following conversation.

21. What did the woman do last night?

A. studied for a final test B. worked on her paper C. stayed in a computer lab D. turned the paper in early 22. What is probably true about the woman?

A. She called Professor Kensington and asked for an extension.

B. She had her friend help to complete her paper.

C. She had plenty of time to complete her paper last night.

D. She completed his paper without help from anyone else.

23. What can be inferred about the man?

A. He is too unhappy to express his anger to the woman.

B. He does not feel the extension was necessary at all.

C. He understands the reasoning behind the extension.

D. He is planning to hand in the paper today no matter what.

24. What is the extension for the assignment submission?

A. They have 1 more day.

B. They have 2 more days.

C. They have 1 more week.

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D. They have 2 more weeks.

25. What is the woman probably going to do next?

A. She is going to revise the paper.

B. She is going to talk with the professor.

C. She is going to submit her paper.

D. She is going to prepare for the exam.

Questions 26- 30 refer to the following conversation.

26. Who is Professor Atkins?

A. a math teacher B. a physics teacher C. a chemistry teacher D. a laboratory manager 27. What is the acceptable range of difference of the textbook?

A. 4% or 5% B. 10% C. less than 10% D. 45% 28. What will the woman most likely do?

A. redo the experiment in the evenings B. ask the professor for more time C. hand in the experiment as it is D. lower her results by 10% from the textbook.

29. When is the experiment due day?

A. Tomorrow B. Next week C. Tuesday D. Friday 30. What does the professor advise Julie to do?

A. spend more time in the lab B. clean the tubes before the experiment C. ask someone to help her D. meet him after class hours in the lab Questions 31 to 35 refer to the following professor’s talk.

31. What is true about Alaska?

A. It is the second largest stale in the USA. B. It is bordered by Canada on the East.

C. It is smaller than California and Texas combined.

D. It is populous.

32. What is the average number of students in the middle school classroom?

A. 10 B. 15 C. 20

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D. 25 33. Which of the following is a popular transportation system in Alaska?

A. airplanes B. ships C. railways D. a complex highway system 34. What will the professor probably talk about in the next class?

A. The volcanic eruption of Mount Katmai in the early 20th century B. The type of airplanes used by Alaskans to move from point to point C. The amount of food imported by the Alaskans to balance out their miniscule farming production D. The effects of seismic sea waves that reach far inland and destroy communities 35. What does the professor feel about life in Alaska?

A. It is a fantastic place to dwell for anyone.

B. It is probably not very desirable for some to live in.

C. It is not a place that he knows much about.

D. It is a peaceful place without any worries to think about.

This is the end of the listening paper.

Now you have 05 MINUTES to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

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PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – VSTEP Thời gian: 60 phút Số câu hỏi: 40 Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1- Questions 1-10 Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways.

Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

1. The topic of this passage is _______________.

A. reactions to foods B. food and nutrition C. infants and allergies D. a good diet 2. According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to ___________.

A. the vast number of different foods we eat

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B. lack of a proper treatment plan C. the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems D. the use of prepared formula to feed babies 3. The word "symptoms" is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. indications B. diet C. diagnosis D. prescriptions 4. The phrase "set off" is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. relieved B. identified C. avoided D. triggered 5. What can be inferred about babies from this passage?

A. They can eat almost anything.

B. They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.

C. They gain little benefit from being breast fed.

D. They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.

6. The word "hyperactive" is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. overly active B. unusually low activity C. excited D. inquisitive 7. The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant's ___________.

A. lack of teeth B. poor metabolism C. underdeveloped intestinal tract D. inability to swallow solid foods 8. The word "these" refers to ___________.

A. food additives B. food colorings C. innutritious foods D. foods high in salicylates 9. Which of the following was a suggested treatment for migraines in the passage?

A. eating more ripe bananas B. avoiding all oriental foods C. getting plenty of sodium nitrate D. using vitamin b in addition to a good diet 10. According to the article the Feingold diet is NOT ___________.

A. verified by researchers as being consistently effective B. available in book form C. beneficial for hyperactive children D. designed to eliminate foods containing certain food additives

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PASSAGE 2- Questions 11-20 Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, "The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur".

What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

11. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to the business world.

B. The computer is especially lucrative for women today.

C. Women are better at small businesses than men are D. Women today are opening more businesses of their own.

12. The word "excluded" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A. not permitted in B. often invited to C. decorators of D. charged admission to

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13. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT A. Women were required to stay at home with their families B. Women lacked ability to work in business C. Women faced discrimination in business D. Women were not trained in business 14. In line 17, "that" refers to A. women working hard B. a woman becomes chairman of the board C. women achieving advanced degrees D. women believing that business is a place for them 15. According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in the 1970s A. were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management B. were still more interested in education than business opportunities C. had fewer obstacles in business than they do today D. were unable to work hard enough to succeed in business 16. The author mentions the "shoebox under the bed" in the third paragraph in order to A. show the frugality of women in business B. show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig C. point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig's business were limited D. suggest that the company needed to expand 17. In the third paragraph, the word "this" refers to A. women becoming entrepreneurs B. women buying cosmetics and clothing C. women working in "women's fields" D. women staying at home 18. The word "hurdles" in the third paragraph can be best replaced by A. fences B. obstacles C. questions D. small groups 19. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses operated by women are small because A. Women prefer a small intimate setting B. Women can't deal with money C. Women are not able to borrow money easily D. Many women fail at large businesses 20. The author's attitude about the future of women in business is __________.

A. skeptical B. optimistic C. frustrated D. negative

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PASSAGE 3 – Questions 21-30 Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship between two dissimilar organisms. They assist each other with feeding, defending, and reproducing. In symbiosis, at least one of the pair benefits from the relationship. The other may be injured (parasitism), unaltered (commensalism), or may also benefit (mutualism).

An interesting mutually dependent relationship exists between the pine and the pinon jay. Blue pinon jays settle on the tops of pine trees and pick at the dark round seeds from the sticky cones.

They store the seeds in their throats, fly off and hide them somewhere, and then return to repeat the process again. It seems the reproductive cycle of a pine jay corresponds with the ripening of the pine’s seed. Similarly, the pine is dependent on the pinon jays for distribution of the seeds.

Seeds are stored in the bark of a tree or in the ground. Using their long bills, pinon jays plant and store them for later consumption. Their throats can expand to hold a large number of seeds; one pinon jay has been reported carrying 50 seeds in one trip. After they have planted the seeds, they return to eat them. Using their bills like a woodpecker, they hammer the seed until the shell breaks.

Any unrecovered nuts are then grown into new trees. This fascinating relationship has been ongoing for thousands of years.

When both species benefit each other, this is called mutualism. An example of mutualism is a plant and fungi. The fungus occupies the cortex cells of the secondary roots of the plant. This relationship is called a ‘mycorrhiza.’ It helps the plant absorb inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil. Some fungi also produce antibiotics which may prevent the invasion of parasitic fungi and bacteria. Another example of mutualism is pollination. Bees carry pollen from one plant to the next when they seek out plants for nectar. They feed themselves on the nectar, and the plants reproduce after fertilization by the pollen from other plants.

Mutualism can also bring together two very different organisms, for example, a buffalo and an ox bird. These birds journey on the backs of African buffalo eating their parasites. The bird receives food, and the buffalo is rid of irritating insects. There are also a number of fish that provide an excellent example of mutualism. Known as ‘cleaner fish,’ these fish get rid of parasites and dead skin found on other fish. The best-known example is the ‘cleaner wrasse’ which dwells in the Pacific and Indian oceans. They clean large predatory fish by eating tissue and parasites off their skin. This relationship provides food and protection for the wrasse and several health benefits for the other fish.

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The other two types of symbiosis, besides mutualism, are commensalism and parasitism. [A] Commensalism refers to a symbiotic relationship where one organism eats the unused food of another. [B] One benefits, but the other is not affected. Examples include the remora and the shark. The remora attaches itself to the shark, when the shark feeds itself, the remora picks up scraps. [C] One example of commensalism in humans is bacteria living in our intestines that feed on food in our gut. [D] In parasitism, one organism benefits and the .other is harmed. Parasites live off the body of other organisms and receive nourishment from their tissues, while also inflicting damage on their hosts. Plants are parasitized by bacteria, fungi, and a handful of other plants. Parasites cause harm by entering the tissue of the host for their own nutritional benefit.

None of these relationships are fixed, and it is likely that what starts as a parasitic relationship may gradually evolve into a mutualistic one. For example, in 1966, amebas were discovered that had become infected with bacteria. However, after five years, it was found that the core of the amebas had become dependent on the bacteria; thus, parasitism had evolved into mutualism.

Unfortunately, the inverse is also possible; mutualistic associations may evolve into parasitic ones.

21. According to paragraph 2, what does the pinon jay do for the pine tree?

A. It gives the tree important nutrition.

B. It provides a primary means of seed dissemination for pinon trees.

C. It keeps the tree free from parasites.

D. It helps the tree produce larger seeds.

22. The word “corresponds” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A. matches B. includes C. exposes D. protects 23. According to paragraph 3, how does the blue pinon jay store the seeds for later?

A. By holding up to 50 in its mouth B. By burying them in the ground C. By protecting them in its nest D. By allowing them to develop into new trees 24. The word “it” in the passage refers to ______.

A. bacteria B. mutualism C. mycorrhiza D. fungus 25. According to paragraph 5, what is an example of a mutual relationship?

A. an animal eating parasites from another B. an animal licking the body of another C. an animal providing protection for another D. an animal keeping another awake and alert 26. The author mentions “the remora and the shark” in the passage in order to ________.

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A. explain the details behind a mutualist association B. demonstrate a connection between an active parasite picker and host C. show how one animal can benefit from the acts of another D. give an example of one animal causing the suffering of another 27. Which of the following best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. There are many types of creatures that are very well developed and have the strength to support other species.

B. Sometimes, the organisms supplying parasites are very harmful to the hosts.

C. Some animals are selfish and only cause damage to their hosts.

D. Organisms which must depend on others die easily because they are not strong.

28. The word “gradually” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A. slowly B. increasingly C. constantly D. rapidly 29. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an example of mutualism?

A. a plant and its fungi B. pollen transfer from one plant to another C. the remora and the shark D. a buffalo and an ox bird 30. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

They are completely safe and may possibly help us, hence a commensalism relationship.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] PASSAGE 4 – Questions 31-40 Earth has several distinct layers; the outermost of these is the crust, which has an inconsistent thickness of 35-70 km in the continents and 5-10 km in the ocean basins. The second layer is known as the mantle, which is about 2900 km thick, and divided into an upper and lower mantle.

Most of Earth’s internal heat is situated here. The upper mantle has an area known as the lowvelocity zone, where secondary waves decrease rapidly and then gradually increase. The last layer is the core. This is a thick ball of iron and nickel divided into two layers, the inner core and the outer core.

The inner core is solid, whereas the outer core is so hot that the metal is always molten. However, because the force at the inner core is so immense, it cannot melt. Due to Earth’s rotation, the outer core spins around the inner core, which causes the Earth’s magnetism The inner core consists of

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iron, nickel and other elements, probably a mix of carbon, oxygen, sulphur, silicon, and potassium.

The temperature is extremely high, and due to pressure, the core is solid. Because the outer core is liquid, mainly consisting of iron, nickel and about 10% oxygen and sulphur, here the temperature is not as high.

Both the outer and inner cores together create the Earth’s magnetism. The core has a huge influence on Earth. Because it is so hot, it radiates a natural heat to the upper layers, setting off a current of heat, which in turn causes the movement of the tectonic plates. Because of Earth’s rotation, the outer core spins, but the inner core does not because it is solid. This provides a sort of dynamo effect and causes the Earth’s magnetic force.

A seismic wave is a wave that travels through Earth; it is often the result of a tectonic earthquake. There are two kinds of seismic waves, “body waves” and “surface waves.” Other waves do exist, but are of little importance. Body waves travel through the center of following ray paths which are bent by the unstable density and stiffness of Earth’s interior. These differ according to temperature, phase, and structure. Body waves send out the first tremors of an earthquake as well as any later ones.

There are two kinds of body waves, “primary” and “secondary" waves. Primary waves are compression waves, meaning the ground is alternately compressed and expanded in the direction of propagation. These waves can travel slightly faster through solids than secondary waves can, and are also able to travel through any type of material. Through air, they take the form of sound waves and so travel at the speed of sound.

Primary waves, when created by an earthquake, are less destructive than sound waves due to their minor amplitudes. Secondary waves are tilted waves; in other words, the ground is shifted vertically in the direction of transmission. Here, the ground moves from one side to the other.

Secondary waves are only able to travel through solids, not liquids or gases, and thus are unable to travel through Earth’s core. Primary waves are faster than secondary waves. Primary and secondary waves are usually produced by earthquakes and volcanoes. However, they can also be produced by people using explosives or large machinery.

Surface waves are comparable to water waves traveling just under Earth’s surface. They travel at slower speeds than body waves. Surface waves can be the most devastating type of seismic wave due to their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude. In theory, they are understood as a system which relates to primary and secondary waves.

[A] The moment an earthquake occurs, seismographs try to record its primary and secondary waves, but often they cannot detect the secondary waves of a distant earthquake.

[B] This may be due to the fact that secondary waves are unable to pass through liquids. [C] This information about wave travel helps scientists determine the internal structure of the planet. [D] 31. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of the low-velocity zone in the Earth’s interior?

A. It causes the high-frequency stimulation.

B. Its width is consistent with the fault zone.

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C. It induces regionally extensive oscillations.

D. It is located just above the lower crustal boundary.

32. The word “immense” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A. compressed B. dilated C. immeasurable D. varied 33. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT true about the inner core?

A. It contributes to the Earth’s magnetic field.

B. It is always molten and liquid.

C. It is under a lot of pressure.

D. It mainly consists of iron, nickel and some lighter elements.

34. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is the reason for tectonic plate movement?

A. The convection of heat from the core B. The gravitational effect of the core C. The powerful magnetic forces of the core D. The spinning of the inner and outer core together 35. Why does the author mention “a tectonic earthquake” in the passage?

A. to show that primary waves are far more powerful than secondary waves B. to demonstrate the effect of seismic waves on the earth C. to develop understanding of the structure of the earth’s interior D. to explain that scientific detection methods are very efficient 36. The word “phase” in the paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.

A. change B. period C. heat D. construction 37. The word “devastating” in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.

A. faint B. destructive C. productive D. quiet 38. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Although primary and secondary waves would be recorded, the secondary waves are not strong enough to be detected at a distance.

B. Seismic waves are too small to be felt as a noticeable earthquake, but detectable by seismographs.

C. Secondary waves can be generated as a result of nonlinear interaction, so seismographs cannot detect them.

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D. Because of extensive fault repetition, the primary wave is the most powerful force in an earthquake.

39. It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following about earthquakes in the world?

A. Volcanoes would not exist if earthquakes never happened.

B. They are caused by the force of primary waves hitting the crust.

C. They are primarily caused by the heat from the Earth’s core.

D. There is no more destructive thing in the world.

40. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

For example, with the use of secondary waves, scientists were able to suggest that Earth has a liquid out core.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] This is the end of the reading paper.

Now please submit your test paper and your answer sheets.

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PHẦN 3: VIẾT - VSTEP Thời gian: 60 phút Số câu hỏi: 2 TASK 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

You live in Ho Chi Minh City. You just took a trip to Ha Long Bay with an English friend named Daisy. You received an email from her after she returned to London. Read part of her email below. .....................

I hope you like the photos we took in Ha Long Bay. Did you get home all right?

I’m back at work nor, but it’s a bit difficult to start again. I wish we were still on holiday.

Why don’t we plan another trip this spring if you’ve got time and money? Any suggestions where we could go? ………………

Daisy

Write a reply to Daisy. In your email, you have to tell her that you really like the photos and the time you got together, describe a problem you had at the airport to her and suggest the time and place for the next trip.

You should write at least 120 words.

TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Recent advances in technology leads the fact that human workforce is gradually with machinery.

What are some problems caused by this trend, and how could they be dealt with?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

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PHẦN 4: NÓI - VSTEP Thời gian: 12 phút Số câu hỏi: 3 Part 1: Social Interaction (3’) Let’s talk about weather.

- What kind of weather do you like?

- Does weather affect your mood/ feeling?

- What do you usually do in hot/ cold weather?

Let’s talk about your favorite childhood game.

- What game(s) did you enjoy playing when you were a child?

- Who do you play with?

- Did you need any skills to play the game?

Part 2: Solution Discussion (4’) Situation: You are planning your holiday. There are three suggestions: a beach holiday, a climbing holiday, and a sight-seeing holiday. Which do you think is the best choice for you?

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Part 3: Topic Development (5’) Topic: Music should be taught in schools.

can be relaxing

improves memory

Music education

[your own ideas]

helps develop language and reasoning

- Should children be encouraged to learn music early?

- Do you agree that music can change people’s moods/ feeling?

- How would life be without music?

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ĐỀ THI THỬ SỐ 3

PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – 40 PHÚT PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – 60 PHÚT PHẦN 3: VIẾT – 60 PHÚT PHẦN 4: NÓI – 12 PHÚT

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PHẦN 1: NGHE HIỂU – VSTEP Thời gian: 40 phút Số câu hỏi: 35 Directions: In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts in this section with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the recording.

There will be time for you to read the instructions and you will have a chance to check your work.

The recording will be played ONCE only.

Time allowance: about 40 minutes, including 05 minutes to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

PART 1: Questions 1-8 Directions: In the part, you will hear EIGHT short announcements or instructions. There is one question for each announcement or instruction. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, c or D. Then, on the answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer that you have chosen.

Now, let’s listen to an example. On the recording, you will hear: Woman: Hello. This is the travel agency returning your call - You left a message about the holiday you've booked, asking which meals are included in the cost during your stay at Sunny Hotel. Lunch and dinner are free but if you wish to have breakfast in the hotel, you will need to pay an extra amount of money, depending on what you order. Let me know if I can help you with any other information. Goodbye.

On the test book, you will read: Which meal is NOT included in the price of the holiday?

A. Breakfast B. Lunch C. Dinner D. All meals The correct answer is A. Breakfast. Now, let’s begin with the first question.

1. Why is the speaker apologizing?

A. to schedule a checkup B. to delay a meeting C. to confirm an appointment D. to request some files 2. Why would Daniel Jergens like to reschedule the meeting?

A. to satisfied a request from barrier associates

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3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

B. to complete the purchase more quickly C. to reconsider the contract D. to avoid the severe weather condition Why will the information technology division be relocating earlier?

A. Because of an increase in staff B. Because of an interruption of network service C. Because of the full relocation D. Because of the high release costs What is the message mainly about?

A. A question about substituting order items B. A question about the number of the items C. The list of items that will be delivered D. The shipping service that will be used What is the purpose of the talk?

A. to address customer complaints B. to discuss a presentation C. to celebrate a new contact D. to hand out assignments Who most likely is the speaker?

A. a landlord B. a business executive C. a real estate agent D. a police officer What will be provided for the travelers?

A. a free flight B. meal vouchers C. winter clothing D. hotel rooms What is the celebration for?

A. a merger B. an anniversary C. a new CEO D. a stock offering

PART 2: Questions 9-20 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE conversations. The conversations will not be repeated. There are four questions for each conversation, t or each question, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Questions 9 to 12 refer to the following conversation.

9. Where most likely is the plumber now?

A. He is having lunch.

B. He is working somewhere else.

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C. He is at home relaxing.

D. He is doing a favor for the man.

10. When is the plumber expected to arrive?

A. At 1 o’clock B. At 2 o’clock C. At 3 o’clock D. At 4 o’clock 11. Where is the man going?

A. to meet a client B. to talk to the plumber C. to fix the pipe D. to have lunch 12. When will the man come back to his office?

A. At 1 o’clock B. At 2 o’clock C. At 3 o’clock D. At 4 o’clock Questions 13 to 16 refer to the following conversation.

13. When is the conference scheduled to take place?

A. Today B. Tomorrow C. Next week D. Next month 14. Why will John miss the conference?

A. He is going on a business trip.

B. He is taking a vacation in Europe.

C. He has too much work.

D. He has to review the videos.

15. Where has the man just been to for a business trip?

A. Chicago B. Toronto C. Europe D. Asia 16. Why is the man thanking the woman?

A. She offered to give him a ride.

B. She will lend him her video recorder.

C. She will go to the seminar in his place.

D. She will record the sessions he wants to see.

Questions 17 to 20 refer to the following conversation.

17. Where is the conversation most likely taking place?

A. In a truck B. At a bus stop

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C. In a warehouse D. At an electronics store 18. When will the computers arrive at the store?

A. In 5 minutes B. In 15 minutes C. By this evening D. By tomorrow morning 19. Who most likely the man is?

A. a manager B. a director C. a secretary D. a blue worker 20. What will the man do next?

A. call the electronics shop B. talk to the truck driver C. turn on the computer D. lift some boxes PART 3: Questions 21-35 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE talks, lectures or conversations. The talks, lectures, or conversations will not be repeated. There are five questions for each talk, lecture, or conversation. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, C or D. Questions 21 to 25 refer to the following lecture.

21. What is the main topic in this lecture?

A. Russian leaders B. The Cold War C. The wars between the USR and the US D. The impacts of the Cold War 22. Why did the US and the USSR never actually fight each other?

A. Because the USSR has nuclear weapons.

B. Because the US were afraid of Stalin.

C. Because they did not want to destroy the world.

D. Because nuclear power could destroy the US. 23. According to the professor, how long did the Cold War last?

A. around 50 years B. around 60 years C. around 70 years D. around 80 years 24. What can be inferred from the lecture?

A. The Cold War was caused by different opinions.

B. The Cold War was a long, violent war between the US and USSR. C. The Cold War was an important time in history of the US and the USSR.

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D. The Cold War changed the world dramatically.

25. How does the professor describe the main topic?

A. by comparing and contrasting B. by giving example C. by listing the events chronologically D. by giving definitions Questions 26- 30 refer to the following lecture.

26. What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The way the eye sees colors B. The steps to paint in a Neo-Impressionism style C. The artists who learned from Seurat D. The difference between painting styles 27. What is the professor’s main opinion of this style of painting?

A. He thinks painting in brush strokes is a better way.

B. He is surprised that so many artists are good at it.

C. He thinks it is difficult to learn.

D. He doesn’t like it.

28. According to the professor, why did Seurat not blend his paint?

A. He thought it would ruin the paints.

B. He thought mixed paints did not look real.

C. He thought blended paints made painting look too divided.

D. He thought it would make the art bright.

29. What is true about Georges Seurat?

A. He was the best artist at his time.

B. He was proud of his painting style.

C. He used brush strokes to make the pictures brighter.

D. He didn’t spend a lot of time finishing his paintings.

30. How did the professor organize the information about this way of painting?

A. By describing only Seurat’s style B. By describing only other styles C. By comparing Seurat and other Neo-Impressionists D. By comparing Neo-Impressionism and other styles.

Questions 31 to 35 refer to the following professor’s talk.

31. What is the lecture about?

A. The feeding habits of snakes B. How certain snakes protect themselves C. The most dangerous snakes in the world D. The different uses of snake poison 32. Why does the professor discuss the beads on a rattlesnake’s tail?

A. To show how the rattlesnake is more dangerous than other snakes B. To compare the rattlesnake to less scary animals C. To explain how the rattlesnake scares of animals

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D. To describe how the rattlesnake uses its tail to hunt 33. According to the professor, where does the spitting cobra spray its poison?

A. At the animal it is hunting B. At other snakes C. At the tongue of an animal that is attacking it D. At the eyes of an animal that is attacking it 34. What is the professor’s attitude towards the hognose snake?

A. She is amazed by it.

B. She thinks that it is stupid.

C. She thinks that it is the best snakes.

D. She thinks that it is the most dangerous.

35. What can be inferred from the lecture?

A. The spitting cobra rattles its tail.

B. The hognose snake pretends to be sick.

C. Beads in a rattlesnake’s tail make the sound.

D. There are no creatures that eat snakes.

This is the end of the listening paper.

Now you have 05 MINUTES to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

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PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIỂU – VSTEP Thời gian: 60 phút Số câu hỏi: 40 Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1- Questions 1-10 This rapid transcontinental settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances of the last half of the 19th century were accompanied by the development of a national literature of great abundance and variety. New themes, new forms, new subjects, new regions, new authors, new audiences all emerged in the literature of this half century.

As a result, at the onset of World War I, the spirit and substance of American literature had evolved remarkably, just as its center of production had shifted from Boston to New York in the late 1880s and the sources of its energy to Chicago and the Midwest. No longer was it produced, at least in its popular forms, in the main by solemn, typically moralistic men from New England and the Old South; no longer were polite, well-dressed, grammatically correct, middle-class young people the only central characters in its narratives; no longer were these narratives to be set in exotic places and remote times; no longer, indeed, were fiction, poetry, drama, and formal history the chief acceptable forms of literary expression; no longer, finally, was literature read primarily by young, middle class women.

In sum, American literature in these years fulfilled in considerable measure the condition Walt Whitman called for in 1867 in describing Leaves of Grass: it treats, he said of his own major work, each state and region as peers “and expands from them, and includes the world … connecting an American citizen with the citizens of all nations.” At the same time, these years saw the emergence of what has been designated “the literature of argument,” powerful works in sociology, philosophy, psychology, many of them impelled by the spirit of exposure and reform. Just as America learned

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to play a role in this half century as an autonomous international political, economic, and military power, so did its literature establish itself as a producer of major works.

1. The main idea of this passage is _______________.

A. that the new American literature was less provincial than the old B. that World War I caused a dramatic change in America C. that centers of culture shifted from East to West D. that most people were wary of the new literature 2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the previous passage probably discussed_____________ A. the importance of tradition to writers B. new developments in industrialization and population shifts C. the fashions and values of 19th century America D. the limitations of American literature to this time 3. The word “evolved” in paragraph two is closest in meaning to______________ A. became famous B. turned back C. diminished D. changed 4. The word “it” in the second paragraph refers to______________ A. the population B. the energy C. American literature D. the manufacturing 5. The word “exotic” in paragraph two is closest in meaning to_________ A. urban B. unusual C. well-known D. old-fashioned 6. The author uses the word “indeed” in the second paragraph for what purpose?

A. to emphasize the contrast he is making B. for variety in a lengthy paragraph C. to wind down his argument D. to show a favorable attitude to these forms of literature 7. The phrase “these years” in the third paragraph refers to ___________.

A. 1850-1900 B. the 1900s C. the early 1800s D. the present 8. It can be inferred from the passage that Walt Whitman_____________ A. disliked urban life B. was disapproving of the new literature

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C. wrote Leaves of Grass D. was an international diplomat 9. All of the following can be inferred from the passage about the new literature EXCEPT____________ A. It was not highly regarded internationally.

B. It introduced new American themes, characters, and settings C. It broke with many literary traditions of the past D. It spoke to the issue of reform and change 10. This passage would probably be read in which of the following academic courses?

A. European history B. American literature C. Current events D. International affairs PASSAGE 2- Questions 11-20 When Daniel Boone died peacefully in bed in his son Nathan's elegant stone Missouri farmhouse on September 26, 1820, the surge of emigrants along the Oregon Trail was still a generation away.

But Boone already exemplified the pioneer at his best. He was neither the physical giant (five feet nine) nor the innocent child of nature that legend has made of him. He was an intelligent, soft spoken family man who cherished the same wife for 57 years. He befriended Indians, preferred company to solitude, and when he told his wife it was time to move because a newcomer had settled some 70 miles away, he was joking. Pennsylvania-born, Boone was one of 11 children in a family of Quakers who migrated to North Carolina. There Boone was recruited at age 40 to undertake a scheme designed to open up Kentucky to settlers and establish it as a 14th colony. He arranged a deal by which the Cherokees sold 20 million acres for $20,000 worth of goods to Boone's employers, the Transylvania Company. It was all fair and square the Indians had an attorney, an interpreter, and the sound advice of their squaws. The deal completed, Boone led a party from Tennessee through the Cumberland Gap, hacked out the Wilderness Road, and set up a town Boonesboro and a government. Elected a legislator, he introduced on the first session's first day a bill to protect game against wanton slaughter and a second bill to "improve the breed of horses." He got 2,000 acres for his work, but after the Revolution in which Boone won considerable fame as a militia commander-the scheme of the Transylvania Company was declared illegal and Boone lost his land. Undaunted, he staked out more claims-and lost them because he impatiently neglected to register his deeds. Ever hopeful, he accepted an invitation from Spanish-held Missouri to come and settle there and bring others with him. The Spanish gave him 8,500 acres and made him a judge. But the Louisiana Purchase, which embraced Missouri, again left him but not his children landless. Old and broke, Boone cheerfully continued hunting and trapping long after his hands shook. Shortly before he died, he was talking knowledgeably with young men about the joys to be experienced in settling California.

11. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

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A. to chronicle the life of a model pioneer B. to romanticize the legend of Daniel Boone C. to show Boone's many successes on the frontier D. to trace Boone's explorations in Kentucky, Missouri, and Louisiana 12. It can be inferred that one area in which Boone was NOT successful was A. Politics B. hunting and trapping C. business D. the military 13. The phrase "fair and square" in lines 16 is closest in meaning to A. honest B. simple C. efficient D. lucrative 14. It can be inferred from the passage that Boone died ___________.

A. a rich man B. an eternal optimist C. in California D. a lonely trapper 15. According to the passage, where is Boone's namesake city located?

A. In North Carolina B. In Transylvania C. In Kentucky D. In Missouri 16. The Transylvania Company wanted Boone to _________.

A. settle Kentucky B. be fair to the Indians C. ensure animal rights D. claim Missouri 17. The word "undaunted" in the passage is closest in meaning to __________.

A. unscrupulous B. fearless C. undiscouraged D. uninformed 18. According to the passage, the Louisiana Purchase ____________.

A. legitimized Boone's land claim in Missouri B. revoked the earlier Spanish bequest to Boone C. drove the Spanish from the East D. excluded Missouri from its jurisdiction 19. What can be inferred from the passage about Boone's children?

A. They were better off financially than Boone.

B. They supported Boone's desire to settle new areas.

C. They lived in Kentucky.

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D. They had no land due to Boone's bad investments.

20. The author's attitude toward Daniel Boone in the passage can be best described as A. admiring B. critical C. admonishing D. indifferent

PASSAGE 3 – Questions 21-30 The Solar System, as we know it, contains over 178 objects —winch revolve around our central star, or the Sun. Some of these. Objects can be seen from Earth with the unaided eye or an earthbased telescope, but the majority have only been detected through the development of instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope, or unmanned probes like Voyager. These instruments operate outside Earth’s atmosphere collecting information on the composition and behavior of objects in the Solar System, which has enabled researchers to hypothesize their origins.

[A] It is generally thought that a cloud of interstellar gas and dust known as a ‘nebula’ was disturbed by some major event in space, possibly a supernova, about five billion years ago and began to collapse under its own gravity, forming a cloud. [B] The center of the cloud became so hot that it eventually exploded into a star with the cooler gases flowing around it. [C] In time, the gases condensed into dust, metals, and various kinds of ice in the cold outer reaches of space. [D] These solid particles collided with each other to form larger objects, or asteroids, as they continued to spin around our central star.

As these asteroids increased in size, their gravity began to pull in all the material in their immediate surroundings, and the largest of these went on to become planets. The very different composition of the inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) and the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn. Neptune and Uranus) has led astronomers to hypothesize that their distances from the Sun caused them to develop at different rates and in different ways. According to the most widely-held opinions, the planets closest to the Sun, where all the ice particles were vaporized due to the incredible heat, were formed mostly of rock, silicates, and metals with high melting points.

These particles collided and were pulled together by gravity. These inner planets have thin atmospheres or none at all, and few, if any, satellites, which would indicate that most of the available material was either pulled into their own gravity or burned away in the heat of the Sun. The inner and outer planets are separated by an asteroid belt, consisting of material that was not able to form into planets due to Jupiter’s immense gravity. Beyond this area, as more dust and ice particles escaped destruction by the Sun, four larger planets formed over a longer period of time in a far colder environment as material was thrown out from the center by the spinning star’s

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centrifugal force. About a million years after the cooling of the original nebula, the Sun began to emit a stream of charged protons and elections known as solar wind which blew the remaining gases outwards, to be sucked in by the outer planets which became gas giants. These planets attracted many objects in their vast gravity fields, some of which are big enough to be termed ’satellites’, and countless smaller fragments which formed rings around the planets.

The discovery of more objects in the Solar System in recent times has led to the need for further classification. Far beyond the outer planets lies Pluto, which was originally considered to be the ninth planet, but which has since been found to be a binary system of two dwarf planets, the other being Charon. Pluto’s origins may be in the recently discovered Kuiper Belt, the source of many of the comets which travel through the Solar System. This theory is based on Pluto’s rock/ice composition which is similar to that of a comet. At one time, also thought to be a moon of Neptune, Pluto/Charon was reclassified in 2006 as one of three dwarf planets discovered so far, the others being Eris and Ceres.

Scientific knowledge is only as good as the ability of scientists to collect evidence, so as new advances are made in astronomy, the present theories may be disproved, as in the case of Pluto.

The above account represents the consensus of current opinions on the matter.

21. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the role of the Hubble Space Telescope?

A. It is too defective for our scientists to come up with definite answers to the origin of the universe.

B. Scientists discovered billions of new planets by combining measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope with Voyager measurements.

C. It solved the age of the universe and measured the age of what may be the youngest galaxy ever seen in the universe.

D. It has helped unveil many mysteries or queries about our universe.

22. The word “composition” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

A. make-up B. musical C. evolution D. revolution 23. The word “disturbed” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

A. broken B. attracted C. evolution D. revolution 24. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Planets formed from gases and dust particles after comets collided with the Sun. B. According to scientists, the manner in which planets developed was wholly dependent on their distance from Jupiter’s rings.

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C. The dissimilar make-up of the planets closest to the Sun and those farthest from the Sun suggests that their distance from the Sun affected their formation.

D. Scientists believe the Sun evolved from the composition of several older planets in the solar system.

25. According to paragraph 4, the inner and outer planets ate separated by what?

A. an asteroid belt B. a star C. comets D. a moon 26. According to the passage, all of the following are true about out solar system EXCEPT ________.

A. Planets nearest the Sun were formed mostly of rock.

B. There continue to be new discoveries as technology improves.

C. Colliding asteroids eventually formed planets.

D. Most of the comets in the solar system can be seen with the naked eye during an annular solar eclipse.

27. Why does the author mention “Pluto” in paragraph 5?

A. to discuss Pluto’s rock/ ice composition B. to introduce the concept of planet formation C. to show that new discoveries are always occurring D. to introduce the distinction between planets and dwarf planets 28. It can be inferred from the passage that the planets _______.

A. broke off from the rapidly spinning Moon B. collided more frequently, to spur the formation and growth of protoplanets C. were initially asteroids D. were formed by the collision of massive objects circling black hole in eccentric orbits 29. According to the passage, what were the universe’s origins?

A. A nebula collapsed under its gravity.

B. A black hole exploded and merged to create the universe.

C. A super being wished it into existence.

D. The Sun collapsed in on itself.

30. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

This cloud began to rotate rapidly as it got smaller and denser and heated up to several thousand degrees, causing some of its elements to vaporize into gas.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] PASSAGE 4 – Questions 31-40

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a method of producing electricity developed from the temperature difference that subsists between deep and shallow waters. It converts solar radiation to electric power. The system uses the ocean’s natural thermal gradient to direct a powerproducing cycle. To produce a significant amount of power, the temperature between warm water on the surface and deep cold water should differ by about 2U degrees Celsius. On average, 23 million square miles of tropical seas absorb an amount of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 million barrels of oil. If less than one tenth of this could be converted into electric power, it would provide more than 20 times the total amount of electricity utilized in America on any given day.

Oceans are a huge renewable resource with the possibility of producing millions of watts of electric power. Some experts think the cold, deep seawater that is used in the OTEC process is rich in nutrients and, therefore, can be used to culture marine and plant life on shore or on land There are certain conditions which have to be met to enable OTEC to work. First, commercial OTEC facilities must be located in an environment that is stable enough for efficient system operation. This means that they must be built on land or submerged on the continental shelf. In addition, the natural ocean thermal gradient necessary for OTEC operation is generally found between latitudes 20° N and 20° S. The temperature of the surface water must differ from that of deep water and allowances should be made for a wide- open space. Tropical islands meet the requirements for a wide space, so they are areas for OTEC development. Land-based facilities offer advantages. For example, plants do not require extensive maintenance, and they can be installed in sheltered areas, safe from storms and general bad weather. Land-based sites allow OTEC plants to function with related industries.

Thermal energy from the ocean was first proposed as far back as 1881. However, it wasn’t until 1930 that a system was built, producing 22kw of electricity. Another was constructed sometime later, but it was destroyed by waves. In 1980, the U.S department of energy built a site for OTEC heat exchangers on board a navy ship. Tests revealed that OTEC systems are able to function on slow moving ships and are of little consequence to the surrounding marine environment.

In 1981, Japan established a closed-cycle plant in the Pacific Ocean, producing 40,000 watts of electricity. In May 1993, another 50,000 watts of electricity was produced. However, it was an impractical energy source as the materials used were expensive. Currently, scientists are continuing to develop more cost effective and open-cycle QTEC systems. An integrated OTEC system can help create harmonious, self-sustaining island communities, independent of imported fossil fuels and their associated costs.

Tidal energy is another form of ocean energy caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and the rotation of the Earth. When tides come into shore, they can be trapped in reservoirs behind dams. Then when the tide lowers, the water behind the dam can be released, functioning similarly to a hydroelectric power plant Tidal dams can change the tidal level. In the local basin, affecting the navigation. The prime disadvantage is the effect a tidal station has on plants and animals.

However, tidal fences, which are also used to channel the energy of tides, have less environmental impact than traditional sources of power such as fossil fuels or nuclear power, and are cheaper to install.

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Turbines are devices with blades attached to a central rod that spin when a force hits the blades.

[A] This spinning motion is extremely practical. The first turbine used was the undershot waterwheel, probably the oldest type of waterwheel dating bade over 2,000 years. [B] Waterwheels and windmills were the first turbines; their wooden blades captured the power of wind or rivers to lift water for irrigation or to rotate huge stones to grind grain. [C] It wasn’t until the 1880s, when the generator was first invented, that people began using turbines to produce electricity. [D] 31. According to paragraph 1, OTEC uses what to produce power?

A. The wave energy stored in the Earth’s oceans B. The salt in the ocean C. The seawater temperature differences D. The tropical oceans’ warm surface water 32. The word “absorb” in the passage í closest in meaning to ________.

A. take in B. reject C. work together with D. make efficient 33. The word “converted” in the passage is closest meaning to _______.

A. consumed B. released C. used D. transformed 34. In paragraph 3, the author mentions “The temperature of the surface water” as an example of __________.

A. the requirements for the perfect OTEC settlement B. the specific requirements needed for OTEC to work C. the careful calculations and considerations needed in OTEC D. why water based programs are always superior to land-based ones 35. According to paragraph 5, what does the author say was the main problem with the closed cycle plant in the Pacific Ocean?

A. It was damaged by the salt water.

B. It was environmentally damaging to the area.

C. It could not generate electricity without pollution.

D. The overall cost was far too high to be economically feasible.

36. Which of the following best expressed the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The beauty of the OTEC system is that it allows islands to be self-sufficient.

B. The OTEC system could prove to lead the world in an age of co-dependency.

C. A completely autonomous, cost effective society could be created by the system.

D. The system could mean that societies are no longer dependent on fossil fuels.

37. According to paragraph 6, which of the following is true of tidal energy?

A. It is derived from the hydrological climate cycle.

B. It is based on the small fluctuation of tide in a given area.

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C. It has no environmental and ecological effects on local inhabitants.

D. It needs a barrage to convert tidal energy into electricity.

38. The word “practical” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A. unnecessary B. swift C. useful D. sensitive 39. The following are all characteristics of the OTEC system EXCEPT ________.

A. It seeks to harness the temperature difference.

B. It is not technically feasible for the production of base load electricity.

C. It can be practiced on slow moving ships.

D. It can create self-sufficient systems.

40. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

It was turned by water flowing under the wheel and striking the boards.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] This is the end of the reading paper.

Now please submit your test paper and your answer sheets.

PHẦN 3: VIẾT - VSTEP Thời gian: 60 phút Số câu hỏi: 2 TASK 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Your English-speaking friend, Clare, has recently gone to live in another city. Read part of her email below: .....................

Well, I’ve now been here for two weeks and I’m beginning to get used to my new life here. I’ve certainly been very busy since I moved here – there have been all sorts of things happening!

I’m quite happy in my new home although lots of my belongings are still in my bags and boxes.

I’m hoping to find time to unpack everything soon.

I’m glad I decided to come and live here – it’s a really good city. But there are some things and people that I miss of course!

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It would be really good if you could come and stay with me here, perhaps in a couple of months when I really settle down. What do you think?

Keep in touch.

Clare

Write a reply to Clare. In your email, you have to ask her what is happening to her, tell her to describe her new home, ask her to tell you what and who she misses after she moved there and suggest the time when you can visit her.

You should write at least 120 words.

TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Some people argue that we have to think twice before deciding to eat fast food because of some health problems it may cause, while others believe that this kind of food is a good choice for those with a very busy life.

Which opinion do you agree with?

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

You should write at least 250 words.

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PHẦN 4: NÓI - VSTEP Thời gian: 12 phút Số câu hỏi: 3 Part 1: Social Interaction (3’) Let’s talk about noise.

- Do you live to live in a noisy place or a quiet place?

- What kind of noise disturb you most?

- Does noise affect your health?

Let’s talk about your favorite photograph.

- What is your favorite photograph?

- When was it taken?

- What makes the photograph special to you?

Part 2: Solution Discussion (4’) Situation: You are thinking about how to spend your evening. There are three suggestions: hanging out with friends, reading books, and surfing the Internet. Explain your choice.

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Part 3: Topic Development (5’) Topic: There are several ways for people to make friends.

joining social events

forrming interestbased group

How to make friends

[your own ideas]

attending parties

- Should we trust online friends? Why or why not?

- What factors can contribute to a true friendship?

- Which one is more important: family or friends?

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HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM ĐỀ SỐ 1 ANSWER KEY – LISTENING PART 1: 1C

2B

3D

4A

5C

6C

7A

8B

11 A

12 B

13B

14 A

15 C

16 C

17 C

18 B

19 B

20 B

24 B

25 B

26 C

27 C

28 C

29 A

30 D

31 C

32 B

PART 2: 9C

10 B

PART 3: 21 C

22 B

23 D

33 A

34 A

35 C

SCRIPTS: Để làm được bài tập nghe này các bạn cần biết những từ được ghi riêng bên dưới, với câu hỏi “What is the purpose…” thường đáp án sẽ được giới thiệu từ đầu Q.1: What is the purpose of the message?

Good afternoon. I’m calling for Julie Gibbs. This is Donald Carson from Doctor Kim’s office. I just wanted to confirm your appointment for your annual physical checkup on Friday, June 27 at 3 o’clock. The checkup shouldn’t last longer than an hour and a half. Since this is your first visit with Doctor Kim, we’d like you to come to the clinic about 20 minutes early so that we can create a file for you. If you cannot make the appointment, please contact the office and let us know at least a day in advance. Thanks.

Confirm: xác nhận Q.2: What is being advertised?

Do you need a way to relieve your stress? Whether you’re looking for a full-time membership or just a day of relaxation, Istanbul Spa has something for you! We have several different services for all your treatment needs. This week, we’re offering a full-day service including a full-body massage, aromatherapy and a facial for just one low price. You can also enjoy our hospitality with a healthy and refreshing beverage at our tea lounge.

Service: dịch vụ A full-body massage: Mát xa toàn thân Aromatherapy: trị liệu bằng xoa bóp dầu thơm Q.3: According to the announcement, what will be built near Berryville?

I am very pleased to announce that city leaders in Berryville have finally approved a proposal to enlarge the airport on Hathor Road. We have given the building contract to Heaton Construction.

The new terminal will join our older, existing facilities. Berryville's population has been

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growing at a rapid rate over the past 15 years, due to the addition of a local university and the recent expansion of several business.

Enlarge: mở rộng Terminal: phòng chờ của hành khách Q.4: Who is this announcement probably for?

This announcement is for all assembly line employees. Please make sure to check your work schedule as soon as you arrive in the morning to see where you will be working for the day. You will need to sign in by putting your signature in the space by your name. After that, please check the announcement board next to the manager’s office for any daily notices. Finally, don’t forget to pick up your protective aprons and glasses from the safety area.

Assembly line employees: nhân viên lắp ráp theo dây chuyền Q.5: What is the purpose of this message?

Hi, Rose. This is Dorothy calling from the personnel department. I just wanted to know if you are free to join us for dinner tonight. A few of us will be leaving the office around 5.30 and going to the Thai restaurant. Out new colleague Sophia is coming as well. Anyway, if you’d like to join us, just meet us downstairs in front of the building at about 5. Sophia and I will be taking my car, and you are more than welcome to ride with us. Anyway, I hope to see you later. Bye. Colleague: Đồng nghiệp Q.6: What is this message about?

Thank you for calling the Tower place security department. This office will be closing at 11.00 a.m. Wednesday morning as we relocate to the 10th floor. All security officers will be on duty during this time. The 10th floor office will be open at 9 a.m. Thursday. Please contact the security officer on duty, Roy Williams, at 555-7251 if you need to speak with security personnel after 11 on Wednesday. Thank you.

Relocate: chuyển tới Q.7: What is the purpose of the message?

Hello, Mr. Nakamura. This is Eric Parkman, manager of the personnel department of Linderman Enterprises. We received your resume last week for the accounting position in out shipping department. I was very impressed with your experience and education. I would like to schedule an interview at our office on Friday, April 29 at 10 o’clock. Please give me a call and let me know if that time is good for you. Thank you.

Schedule: sắp xếp Q.8: Who is the speaker?

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Staff members of Winton Property Development, welcome to the 8th annual Top Achievers Awards Dinner. When I founded Winton Property Development 13 years ago, I knew that I alone could not make the company the success that it is today. I knew that it would take people like you to help me achieve that goal. The reason why I host this dinner every year is to express my deep appreciation to everyone for working so hard for the continued growth of this company.

Found: thành lập Q.9-12: W: Mr. Stone, this is Susan White from the speedy Medical center. I am calling to remind you that you have an appointment with Dr. Johnson tomorrow at 11.

M: Ah, yes, thank you for reminding me. You know, if you hadn't called, I would've completely forgotten all about it. I’ve been so busy lately.

W: Well, we call all of our clients a day before their scheduled appointment. Anyway, please get here 10 minutes before your appointment since there are some forms that you have to fill out.

Also, don't forget to bring your insurance information.

M: Okay, I will remember to bring it with me. Thanks, and I will see you tomorrow then.

Remind someone: nhắc nhở ai Appointment: cuộc hẹn Insurance information: thông tin bảo hiểm Q.13-16: M: I just read an article in the paper about the medical conference being-held in the city this weekend I'm really looking forward to going there.

W: Really? I am thinking of going as well I really want to listen to the talk on that study about soybeans. A lot of my patients have been mentioning it to me lately.

M: Yes, my patients have been asking me about it, too. Hey, do you want to go together this Saturday?

W: All right. My mother-in-law is coming for a visit this Sunday, so Saturday will be perfect.

Mother-in-law: mẹ chồng Patient: bệnh nhân Physician: bác sĩ điều trị Medical conference: hội thảo y tế Q.17-20: W: I think the customer was quite satisfied with the service we provided.

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M: Yes, I think he was especially happy because he thought the warranty had expired. He managed to get the repair done at no cost.

W: Well, I am glad that we were able to help a good customer. You know, it's customers like that who will continue to come back to our store.

M: Yes, I agree with you. I think it's very important that we try to keep all of our customers happy.

Satisfied: hài lòng Provide: cung cấp Warranty: phiếu bảo hành Expire: hết hạn Customer: khách hàng Q.21-25: Listen to part of a conversation between two people on campus.

W: Hi, there. I was looking or information about becoming a political, science major.

M: Sure. We have some brochures right here.

W: Thanks, but could I ask you a few questions?

M: No problem. Fire away.

W: Are there many requirements for Political Science?

M: Uh, not really... Just you must take Political Science 1 and 2, a general history class, and a writing seminar.

W: I thought you had to take economics, too.

M: Not for the general Political Science program. But there are a couple of specialized programs that have additional requirements.

W: Oh, really? What are they?

M: Well, there is the International Relations program. It is more interdisciplinary, so it requires economics and a second history credit; the two history credits have to be in different regions. There is also the honors Political Science program. To get into that, you need to take the same economics class as the International Relations program, and a special Political Science seminar. And you need to maintain over a "B" average in all those required courses.

W: Wow, that sounds difficult.

M: Yeah, not many people are qualified for the honors program. That's why it's considered more prestigious, I guess.

W: Is that all?

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M: No. You also have to complete this form, listing all the Political Science and related credits you have already taken or plan to take, and get the department chair to sign off on it W: Uggh. This is really a lot of work; M: Yeah, but everyone has to do it. It's not different from any other majors; the department wants to know that you've thought about your major carefully and thoroughly, and that all the students are being realistic in their expectations.

Interdisciplinary: liên quan tới nhiều lĩnh vực học thuật Credit: gấy chứng nhận Honors: bằng danh dự Seminar: hội thảo chuyên đề Major: chuyên ngành Realistic: có óc thực tế Q.26-30: M: Hey, Clara. Got a minute?

W: Oh, hi, Will Sure, I've got plenty of time. What's the matter?

M: Did you see the poster saying that our debate club meeting tonight had been moved?

W: Oh yes, you didn't get the email?

M: My computer hasn't been working these few days, so I can't get access to my mailbox.

Anyway, why has it been moved?

W: That whole wing of the Student Union building is getting repainted today, so it's off-limits until the paint dries, vented properly and the workers clean everything up.

M: It’s about time. The club offices in the student building have been looking rundown for quite a while now. A new paint-job would do them a world of good.

W: And the rooms are going to be repainted in a lighter color, too. That old paint was too dark and depressing.

M: A lighter color would help everything look bigger, too. Our debate club could use that.

W: Yeah, but we need more than just light paint. We've grown too big for that little room; we really need to move into a bigger place.

M: Any chance of that happening?

W: Not that I know of. Except for tonight, that is, just for this once, - we'll be meeting downstairs in Turner Auditorium.

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M: That place is huge, way too big for us.

W: I know, but it was the only place available tonight. And it was either there or else cancel the meeting altogether.

M: I guess it's better than canceling. Although, to be honest, I could use another week to prepare for my speech, I've been really busy with— my classes lately.

Debate: tranh luận Repaint: sơn lại Dry: khô Q.31-35: Listen to part of a lecture in a film class. The professor is talking about science fiction and popular culture.

Science fiction is very popular these days — in books, in movies, and on TV. Unfortunately, popular science fiction is often a lot more ''fiction" and not so much "science." One of the most common problems is science fiction's fascination with faster-than-light travel. We know that is impossible, as it violates Einstein's basic theory of space and time, but on Star Trek and other science-fiction-shows, spaceships jump from star to star and galaxy to galaxy like you or I might want to drive to another city. In truth, the closest star to Earth, Proxima Centauri, is over three light years away. That means traveling at the speed of light, the fastest speed anyone theoretically could travel, it would take three years to make it to our nearest neighbor. Other stars and galaxies are routinely thousands and millions of light years away, making intergalactic travel an impossibility. Even if we grant that such space travel somehow was possible, there is no shortage of other errors in popular science fiction.

In Star Wars and other films, spaceships swoop across the screen, with their.... uh... their engines emitting a great roar. However; since space is a void, sound waves cannot travel. There is no sound in space; it is utterly silent. Gravity is another mystery in these films. Gravity depends mostly on mass. Spaceships are tiny compared to the mass of earth. In space there should be practically no gravity. And yet people in science fiction routinely walk around on their spaceships in space as comfortably as they would on earth. That said, there have been a few; scarce films that bothered to portray the science of space flight somewhat realistically. In 2001: A Space Odyssey, the ship must rotate to create artificial gravity. Outside the spaceship, there is total silence. And the voyage from Earth to Jupiter takes many months. But such films are the exception, not the rule. While science fiction may be enjoyable, you should look elsewhere to learn about science. science fiction: khoa học viễn tưởng faster-than-light travel: tốc độ nhanh hơn ánh sáng rotate: luân phiên nhau

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create: tạo ra artificial gravity: trọng lực nhân tạo enjoyable: thú vị

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ĐÁP ÁN VÀ HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM BÀI ĐỌC PASSAGE 1: 1A (It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins early in the year.)

2B (In January and February, or as late as March in the North, the male calls to the female with a resonant hoot.)

3B (To impress her, the male does a strange courtship dance. He bobs (nhảy nhót). He bows (cúi mình). He ruffles his feathers (làm xù lông) and hops around (nhảy vòng quanh) with an important air. He flutters (vỗ) from limb (cánh) to limb and makes flying sorties into the air.

Sometimes he returns with an offering of food. They share the repast, after which she joins the dance, hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the beat of an inner drum.)

4C (Owls are poor home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or even to occupy (chiếm) the deserted (bỏ đi, rời đi) nest of a hawk (diều hâu) or crow (quạ).)

5C (The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically (chịu đựng cực khổ) settles (đậu) herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from snow and cold.)

6A (The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically settles herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from snow and cold. It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks (mổ) its way out of the shell.)

7D (They clamor for food and keep the parents busy supplying mice (chuột), squirrels (sóc), rabbits (thỏ), crayfish (tôm), and beetles (bọ cánh cứng). Later in the season baby crows are taken.

Migrating songsters (chim di trú), waterfowl (chim nước), and game birds (chim bị săn làm thịt) all fall prey to the hungry family.)

8C (As the young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide eyes and quizzical expressions.)

9C (The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive (đuổi) the young owls away to establish (thiết lập) hunting ranges (phạm vi săn mồi) of their own.)

10 A (They clamor for food (kêu la đòi ăn) and keep the parents busy (làm bố mẹ bận rộn) supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and beetles. Later in the season baby crows are taken.

Migrating songsters, waterfowl, and game birds all fall prey to the hungry family. It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave the nest to search for their own food. The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive the young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own.)

PASSAGE 2: 11 B (In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, a family from the East of the United States could either buy steamboat (tàu thủy chạy bằng hơi nước) passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons (xe ngựa), and their livestock (vật nuôi) or-as happened more often-

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simply pile (chồng, chất) everything into a wagon, hitch (trói, buộc) up a team, and begin their overland trek (di cư) right in their front yard.)

12 D (Along the macadamized roads (những con đường được đắp bằng đá dăm nện) and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel was comparatively fast, camping easy, and supplies plentiful.)

13 B (paragraph 1: In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, … paragraph 2: …the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points... paragraph 3: At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others as green as themselves, and made their final decisions about outfitting.)

14 B (St. Joseph had sprung up (cách) 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants (người di cư) who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail by staying on the paddlewheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.)

15 B (in one river town or another, the neophyte emigrants would pause (dừng) to lay (Sắp xếp, kiểm tra) in provisions (lương thực, đồ dự trữ). For outfitting (trang bị) purposes (mục đích), the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827, but the rising (tăng) momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points.)

16 D (For example, either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the overland crossing. A family man usually chose the wagon. It was the costliest and slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife who likely as not was pregnant.)

17 D (…a family from the East of the United States could either buy steamboat (riverboat) passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons, and their livestock (= pack animals) or-as happened more often-simply pile everything into a wagon,...)

18 B (emigrants who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail (đường) by staying on the paddle-wheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.)

19 C (...it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife who likely as not was pregnant...

Anyway, most pioneers, with their farm background, were used to wagons.)

20 C ( Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by mountain rocks, that it might mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand-but maybe if those things happened on this trip, they would happen to someone else.)

PASSAGE 3: 21 B (paragraph 1: The Royal Library of Alexandria has achieved an almost mythical status among scholars of classical studies. Paragraph 2: It is estimated that there are over 4000 writings regarding its destruction, yet very little data exists regarding the structure, layout, organization, administration, or whereabouts of the complex. Paragraph 7: The library tried to get copies of all known books and would send agents far and wide to acquire them.)

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22 C (As with many ancient landmarks, there is much debate and controversy over Alexandria's library, especially regarding its destruction. The tale has been retold by countless historians and attributed to just as many different factions and rulers, not to profile (đánh dấu) this landmark (bước ngoặt) of education, but as a tool (công cụ) for political slander (phỉ báng).)

23 C (As with many ancient landmarks, there is much debate and controversy over Alexandria's library, especially regarding its destruction. The tale has been retold by countless historians and attributed to just as many different factions and rulers, not to profile this landmark of education, but as a tool for political slander. It is estimated that there are over 4000 writings regarding its destruction,…)

24 B (As with many ancient landmarks, there is much debate and controversy over Alexandria's library, especially regarding its destruction.)

25 A (About 30-50 scholars were probably permanently housed there, fed, and funded, first by the royal family, and later, according to an early Roman scroll, by public money. It served a religious (thuộc về tôn giáo), as well as an intellectual (thuộc về trí óc), function (chức năng) and it was the centerpiece of a so-called cult of the muses, governed by a priest.)

26 C (From the time of Callimachus onwards, they used an early iteration (tính lặp đi lặp lại) of a subject catalog. Subject divisions (sự phân chia) outlined by Callimachus included mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and geometry, as well as philology.)

27 C (At its peak, it is estimated about 600,000 scrolls were held within its walls, although that is likely an overstatement.)

28 C (Although much of the story has been buried with time and conflict, the importance and significance of its contributions are clear.)

29 D (paragraph 1 (option B): Alexander the Great commissioned the city of Alexandria to create a Mediterranean stronghold in Egypt to rival Rome and cities in Greece. Paragraph 5 (option C): Its achievements included the introduction of the first steam engine, the first star map, and an astoundingly accurate estimate of the Earth's diameter. paragraph 6 (option A): At its peak, it is estimated about 600,000 scrolls were held within its walls,…)

30 D

(Famous scholars employed there included Euclid, Eratosthenes, Apollonius, and Hero.)

PASSAGE 4: 31 A

(The next wave of migrants (di cư) populated New Guinea, gradually spreading to Fiji.)

32 B (However, the extinction coincided with (xảy ra đồng thời) the arrival of the Melanesians, so it was probably caused by hunting and fires.)

33 B (The invasion of New Zealand by the Europeans resulted in (dẫn đến) a complete transformation of the island, importing over 3,198 species of plants and animals and filling most of the wetlands.)

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34 B (The plants and animals that inhabit (sống, định cư) Pacific islands are found nowhere else on earth.)

35 C (Numerous plant species, unique in the world, are on a small area of one mountain and are represented (đại diện) by only a few specimens.)

36 C (Called the ‘Bering Land Bridge,’ this linked Asia and North America together. The Bering Sea has a long history of stable animal populations, despite the harsh environments, which sustain human life. Lemmings, ox, and mammoths all made the journey across the land bridge.)

37 B (Pacific walruses inhabit shallow waters of the Bering Sea during winter. They congregate to feed on clams, their principal food. This type of feeding releases nutrients into the water, providing food for starfish and increasing the roughness of the sea floor.)

38 A (Animals such as seals, bowhead whales, and walruses are important for the subsistence of their community.)

39 C (Many of these nations have now entered joint venture agreements to enable them to develop their marine resources more efficiently.)

40 A (Pacific walruses inhabit shallow waters of the Bering Sea during winter. They congregate to feed on clams, their principal food. [A] This type of feeding releases nutrients into the water, providing food for starfish and increasing the roughness of the sea floor.)

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BÀI MẪU VÀ HƯỚNG DẪN TRẢ LỜI CHO PHẦN VIẾT TASK 1: Informal letter Dear Sara, Manchester is a really interesting city. There are a lot of shops here. The people are friendly and the night life is fantastic. It’s a pity it’s always raining!

As you know, I’m working in a fast-food restaurant. I go to work from 5 to 9 in the evening, so I don’t go out with my friends very often. I go straight home after work to review the lessons and get ready for the class the next day. However, I love my job because I have lots of chances to practice speaking English with the customers. I believe that I can improve my spoken English so much. However, I don’t like my boss because he’s too strict.

I was living with an English family, but I didn’t get on very well with them. Therefore, now I’m sharing a flat with 4 French students. We have a lot of fun together, but I’m not speaking much English at home because we always use French.

I’m going to English classes every morning in a language school next to my flat. I can learn a lot here and make great progress.

Well, it’s time for work now.

Looking forward to hearing from you.

Best wishes, Word count: 200 TASK 2: Process: Step 1: Analyze the question (phân tích câu hỏi) In order to solve traffic problems, Vietnamese government should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

- Paraphrase the question: find the synonyms, phrasal verbs, etc. to write words with the same or related meaning (Diễn giải câu hỏi: tìm từ đồng nghĩa, cụm động từ,..để viết các từ giống nhau hoặc cùng nghĩa) + tax private heavily: impose heavy taxes (on)

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+ private car owners: car drivers + use the money to improve public transportation: spend ibis money on making public transport better - Find 2-3 advantages (+ examples or supporting information), 2-3 disadvantages (+examples or supporting information) (Tìm 2-3 lợi ích +ví dụ hoặc thông tin bổ trợ, 2-3 bất lợi + ví dụ hoặc thông tin bổ trợ) For -

-

the heavy taxes would discourage

Against -

this would be a heavy burden on car

car owners from using their cars

drivers

(Thuế nặng sẽ làm cho các chủ xe

(Đây sẽ là một gánh nặng cho tài xế

hạn chế sử dụng xe của mình.)

xe ô tô.)

more people would use public

-

this type of tax would likely be set at

transport if it were improved

a fixed amount for all who use car as

(Nhiều người sử dụng phương tiện

a means of transport

công cộng hơn nếu chúng được cải thiện)

- Decide the structure of the essay (Quyết định cấu trúc của bài tiểu luận) Step 2 : Write your essay (viết bài)

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1. Rephrase the question (Nhắc lại câu hỏi) 2. Thesis statement (Phát biểu luận điểm) 

This essay discusses / examines this question from both points of view and then I will give my own perspective on the matter



This essay discussed [view A], and [view B], and then I will give my own opinion

Introduction

Note: Nếu các em không thể nhắc lại câu hỏi, các em có thể sử dụng câu sau đây để tạo câu giới thiệu - People have different views about…..In my opinion, can and should be both…..

Advantages (Lợi ích) Let’s begin by looking at the positive aspects of such a solution. One of the main advantages would be …

Secondly…..

Moreover…..

Body

Another good point is …

Disadvantages (Bất lợi) On the other hand ...

First, …

Second, …

Another problem is …

Luôn luôn thêm ví dụ/ giải thích/ chứng minh/ lý do/ hậu quả… để hình thành nên các đoạn văn. Mỗi đoạn văn phải có một câu chốt, thường là câu đầu tiên. Đừng viết những đoạn văn chỉ cụt ngủn mỗi một câu.

Một số cách diễn đạt khi nêu ra ví dụ thường dùng: -

For example…../ For instance…..

-

One example out of many is…..

-

This idea can best be illustrated by an example…..

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In conclusion, Conclusion

Personally, From my point of view, To sum up, I must say that

Traffic congestion in many big cities of Viet Nam is getting more and more serious. Many people believe that one possible solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and spend ibis money on making public transport better. However, there are both pros and cons to decide to do this. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of such a measure and draw a conclusion.

Let’s begin by looking at the positive aspects of such a solution. One of the main advantages would be that the heavy taxes would discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become very expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public transport instead to travel here and there, thus reducing road accidents and pollution as well. Another good point would be that more people would use public transport if it were improved. In fact, public transport in major cities like Hanoi and Saigon is very poor. For example, we often see old and dirty buses and trains that no one wants to take a ride on. High taxes would create enough money to make the necessary changes.

On the other hand, there are some negative points of such a measure. First, this would be a heavy burden on car drivers. On private cars are already high for a lot of people, and so further taxes would only mean less money at the end of the month for most people who may have no choice but to drive every day. Another problem is that this type of tax would likely be set at a fixed amount for all who use car as a means of transport. This would mean that it would hit those with less money harder, while the rich could afford it. It is, therefore, not a fair tax.

In conclusion, there are two sides to everything and applying ibis solution is not an exception.

However, personally I think it’s time for us to do something to tackle the problem of traffic jams in big cities of Viet Nam. This measure is, therefore, obviously worth considering to improve the current situation.

Word count: 341

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GỢI Ý CHO PHẦN THI NÓI Part 1: Social interaction (3’) Let’s talk about walking.

- Do you like walking? When and where do you walk? + When: every morning; on the weekend, in one’s free time + Where: in the park; in one’s neighborhood; in the countryside along the beach Sample: Yes, it's actually one of my favorite pastimes. I love walking in the park near where I live in the evenings. I usually walk for half an hour. And what I like about it most is the fresh air and the peace of the park. Actually, it's sometimes annoying during summer months because of insects, like mosquitos and moths. Anyway, it's a nice place to walk round. pastime: hoạt động lúc rảnh rỗi insect: côn trùng mosquito: muỗi moth: con nhậy, con sâu - Do you think walking is important?

Walking is useful: a good way to relax/ reduce stress/ improve blood circulation/ keep fit/ stay healthy Sample: Absolutely. Walking is the most convenient and simple exercise. Not only do people of all age can do it, but it also encourages us to get outdoor to change a bit of our surroundings, thereby helping us relax and stay balanced.

Encourage: khuyến khích get outdoor: ra ngoài change a bit of our surroundings: thay đổi không gian xung quanh stay balanced: cân bằng - Do you think walking in the countryside is better than walking in the city? + Walking in the countryside: lots of fresh air and green areas; no traffic; safe walking; enjoyable experience; good places for walkers +walking in the city: regular and convenient walking; easy friend-making; nice short walks; beautiful parks for walkers Sample:

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I obviously think it is much better to have a walk in the countryside than in the city because the air in the countryside is fresher and healthy to breathe, unlike that in big cities which contains toxic chemicals. Also there is less traffic in the country so it is less likely for one to get hit by a car while walking, which happens pretty often in cities, unfortunately.

Breathe: thở toxic chemicals: chất hóa học độc hại get hit by a car: bị đụng xe Let’s talk about your eating habits.

- Do you often eat healthy food?

- What do you usually eat at school/ at work?

- What is the unhealthiest food you can think of? + Healthy eating habit: (thói quen ăn uống tốt cho sức khỏe)  

eating a lot of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains: ăn nhiều trái cây, rau củ và các loại hạt regularly having good protein from fish, milk, and eggs: thường xuyên bổ sung đạm từ cá, sữa và trứng  having little red meat, sugar, and fat: ăn ít thịt đỏ, đường và chất béo  staying away from junk food: không ăn thức ăn nhanh + Unhealthy eating habit: (thói quen ăn uống không tốt cho sức khỏe)  having unbalanced diet: có một chế độ ăn mất cân đối  overconsuming red meat, sugar, and fat: tiêu thụ quá nhiều thịt đỏ, đường và chất béo  not eating much fruits or vegetables: không ăn nhiều trái cây và rau củ + Một số từ vựng thường dùng: Healthy food: thức ăn tốt cho sức khỏe Fill up my stomach: làm đầy dạ dày Negative attitude: thái độ tiêu cực Taste: có vị Processed food: thực phẩm đã qua chế biến Contain: chứa Preservative: chất bảo quản Harmful: có hại Overeat: ăn quá nhiều Spoil: làm hư, hỏng Appetite: sự ngon miệng, sự thèm ăn

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Sample: + Eating healthy is great but it is very expensive. At home I do eat a lot of healthy foods like meat, fish and vegetables but at school I drink lots of pop and have a bag of chips for lunch. The schools lunch isn’t the greatest, a salad bar I think would be much better in every school. + Honestly, I do eat Western fast food very often because it’s a quick way to fill up my stomach between classes. I know people tend to have negative attitude towards fast food but they eat it anyway. Not only does it taste good but it also helps me save time and energy for other things. + I am sure that some kinds of processed food are not healthy because they contain many preservatives, food colors and too much salt which are harmful to your health if you overeat. The rich fat also spoils your appetite if you eat them before main meals.

Part 2: Solution discussion (4’) Situation: You are choosing a birthday gift for your friend. There are three suggestions: a book, a music show ticket, and a shopping coupon. Which do you think is the best choice? + A book: an affordable gift, a good memory, high availability; many choices (một cuốn sách: một món quà có thể chi trả được, một kỷ niệm đẹp, luôn có sẵn, nhiều sự lựa chọn) Affordable: có thể mua được, đủ tiền để mua My family’s support: sự hỗ trợ của gia đình Have plenty of choices: có nhiều sự lựa chọn Meaningful: ý nghĩa Express: bày tỏ + A music show ticket: a special gift; enjoyment of watching live music performance and seeing one’s idols (một tấm vé đi xem ca nhạc: một món quà đặc biệt, niềm vui sướng khi được xem biểu diễn ca nhạc trực tiếp và gặp thần tượng) + A shopping coupon: a nice gift for female friends; high convenience; own choices (một phiếu mua hàng: một món quà tuyệt vời cho các bạn gái, rất thuận tiện, có sự lựa chọn riêng) Sample: As for me, a book is an ideal choice because of two main reasons.

First, it will be an affordable gift for me. You know, I’m still a student and most of things are done with my family’s support. Although it may be not an expensive gift, it would be a good memory of our friendship. This is because I can drop a line on the first page or decorate and wrap

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my gift in a unique style that makes it more impressive, and whenever my friend looks at it, he/ she will remember our friendship. Second, it would be easier for me when I have plenty of choices. The only thing I have to know is my friend’s favorite kind of book. This gift is more meaningful because it helps me express my care for him/ her.

Briefly, because of these reasons, I believe that a book would be the best choice for me.

Part 3: Topic development (5’) Topic: Cheap air travel should be promoted.

Cheap air travel - offering a flexible travelling mode (đưa ra một phương thức đi lại linh hoạt) enjoying deep discounts on undersold flights/ best fares on different dates/ good deals on early booking (hưởng giảm giá mạnh từ những chueyens bay giá rẻ/ giá tốt theo từng ngày/ ưu đãi tốt khi đặt vé sớm - reducing travelling costs (giảm chi phí đi lại) + opting for limited comforts to save budget (chọn ít tiện nghi để tiết kiệm ngân sách) + saving up to 70% of costs with flexible travel time and destinations (tiết kiệm đến 70% chi phí với thời gian và địa điểm linh hoạt) - creating business opportunities (tạo ra cơ hội kinh doanh) + being time-efficient and cost-efficient for business deals (thuận tiện về thời gian và chi phí cho các giao dịch kinh doanh) + expanding local and international markets (mở rộng thị trường nội địa và quốc tế) + easily seeking business partners (dễ dàng tìm được đối tác kinh doanh) - more ideas for cheap air travel (một số ý khác) + promoting cultural exchange: international flights bridging cultural gaps and increasing value exchange; boosting world travel: low-budget flights reducing distance and minimizing cost-related problems on travel (xúc tiến trao đổi văn hóa: những chuyến bay quốc tế khắc phục khoảng cách về văn hóa và tăng cường trao đổi giá trị; đẩy mạnh đi lại giữa các nước: những chuyến bay giá rẻ làm giảm khoảng cách và hạn chế các vấn đề liên quan đến chi phí) + developing economy: tourist services creating jobs/ increasing employment; business yielding profit (phát triển kinh tế: các dịch vụ du lịch tạo ra việc làm/ tạo công ăn việc làm; tạo ra lợi nhuận) Sample: In recent years, many airlines offer to their customers more and more numbers of cheap flights.

There are good arguments in favor of this trend should be encouraged.

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One of the good points of cheap air travel is offering a flexible travelling mode. Everyone is interested in deep discounts and undersold flights is not exception. We can easily get best fares on different dates. Good deals are offered on early booking.

Another benefit is reducing travelling costs. It is undeniable that cheap air fares have broadened travel possibilities for many people, particularly for the lower income group. They can opt for limited comforts to save budget. If we book the tickets in advance, we can save up to 70% of costs with flexible travel time and destinations.

In addition to this, cheap flights creates business opportunities. It is time-efficient and costefficient for business deals. It also help to expand local and international markets, so people can easily seek business partners.

Finally, this trend promotes cultural exchange. This is because international flights bridge cultural gaps and increase value exchange. Furthermore, world travel is boosted. The reason is that lowbudget flights reduce distance and minimize cost-related problems on travel.

To sum up, thanks to the above advantages, I think that cheap air travel should be encouraged.

- Do you think that governments should encourage cheap flights?

Encouraging cheap flights: (khuyến khích các chuyến bay giá rẻ) + improving remote areas (làm cho các vùng xa xôi phát triển hơn) + increasing employment (tạo công ăn việc làm) + facilitating goods transport (làm cho việc vận chuyển hagf hóa thuận tiện hơn) + developing economy (phát triển kinh tế) Sample: In my opinion, cheap flights should be encouraged for the following reasons. First, it helps improve remote areas. Second, tourist services creates jobs, so it increases employment. Next, it also facilitates goods transport. Finally, such cheap flights will help to develop economy.

- Are there any problems with low-cost air travel?

Problems with low-cost air travel (các vấn đề của hàng không giá rẻ) + extra costs for baggage and on-flight meals (thêm phí hành lý và ăn uống trên máy bay) + small seats and limited legroom (chỗ ngồi nhỏ, chỗ để chân hẹp) + basic customer service (dịch vụ khách hàng cơ bản) + low safety (độ an toàn không cao) + non-refundability (không thể hoàn tiền) Sample:

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It is said that low-cost air travel causes several problems. The first negative point is that it requires extra costs for baggage and on-flight meals. Secondly, seats are quite small and the legroom is also limited. Moreover, customer service on cheap flights is very basic. Last but not least, low-cost air travel is not refundable in any circumstance.

- Cheap air tickets should be offered on domestic flights or international flights? + cheap domestic flight: (chuyến bay nội địa giá rẻ) 

Encouraging family visits/ increasing local trade (khuyến khích các cuộc thăm viếng gia đình/ đẩy mạnh mậu dịch trong nước)  Developing tourism (phát triển du lịch)  Offering flexible transport modes (đưa ra những phương thức đi lại linh hoạt) + international flight: (chuyến bay quốc tế)  promoting world travel (đẩy mạnh sự đi lại giữa các nước/ du lịch thế giới)  increasing international trade (tăng ngoại thương)  developing transnational cooperation (phát triển hợp tác xuyên quốc gia) Sample: For me, cheap air tickets should be offered on both domestic flights and international flights. As for cheap domestic flight, this encourage family visits and local trade will increase. It also offers flexible transport modes. Moreover, such cheap flights will contribute in developing tourism.

Regarding international flight, it is obvious that it promotes world travel, so it help to increasing international trade. Another good point is that transnational cooperation is developed. All in all, I think that cheap flights should be encouraged.

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HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM ĐỀ SỐ 2 ANSWER KEY - LISTENING PART 1: 1B 2A

3B

4B

5B

6C

7C

8B

PART 2: 9B 10 B

11 C

12 C

13 C

14 B

15 A

16 B

17 B

18 C

19 A

20 C

PART 3: 21 B 22 B

23 C

24 B

25 C

26 C

27 A

28 A

29 D

30 B

31 B

32 A

33 A

35 B

34 A

SCRIPTS: Q.1: Who is probably making talking on the phone?

Hello, this is Gloria with Dr. Baum's office. This is a reminder of your dental appointment for Thursday, May 22, at 1:00p.m. Since you have several cavities to fill, please allow yourself at least three hours for the visit. dental appointment: cuộc hẹn khám răng Q.2: Why has the meeting been relocated?

Because the South Tower is undergoing renovations, the design team meeting scheduled for tomorrow morning has been moved to the North Tower conference room on the 12th floor. The meeting will still be held at 10:00. design team: đội thiết kế Q.3: What is the main cause of decreased domestic sales?

Unfortunately, I must report that domestic sales have dropped by 17 percent over the last two quarters. Although the sluggish domestic economy is a factor, the primary cause of this worrying development is increasing competition in the retail clothing sector. primary cause: nguyên nhân chính increasing competition: tăng sự cạnh tranh Q.4: What should the listeners do before they skate?

This weekend is the first outing of the in-line skating club for this season. Remember, you are not allowed to skate with the club unless you wear an approved safety helmet. You can ask Rea, the safety coordinator, if you are unsure about your gear. not allowed: không được phép safety helmet: mũ bảo hiểm Q.5: What profession does the speaker work in?

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As a woman and sports announcer, I'm often approached about giving speeches on women in sports.

Announcer: người trình bày, người thông báo Q.6: What is the purpose of Ricardo’s visit?

Ricardo will be here in the U.S. for three months observing some of the managerial techniques and procedures we use at the office.

Observing: quan sát managerial techniques: kỹ thuật quản lý procedures: cách tiến hành Q.7: What kind of business would be making this announcement?

In order to improve customer service, we will be initiating a customer satisfaction survey. The survey will focus on several different areas, including courtesy rind promptness by waiters or waitresses cleanliness, and food quality and selection.

Waitor: bồi bàn nam Waitress: bồi bàn nữ Q.8: Why has confidence increased?

Investor confidence was bolstered by government data indicating inflation rose by barely two tenths of one percent last quarter, meaning that the National Bank is unlikely to raise interest rates. unlikely to: không thể xảy ra raise: tăng interest rates: lãi suất Q.9-12: W: Our copier has been acting strangely today. Could you come and take a look at it for us?

M: Okay, but did you check to see if any paper is jammed inside?

W: Yes, I did, but that's not the problem. I think the problem may be more serious.

M: All right, but I have to run across town the morning to fix a machine there, so I don't think I can make it to your office until after lunch.

Copier: máy photo Act (v): hoạt động Strangely: một cách kỳ lạ

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Fix (v): sửa chữa Jam (v): kẹt Q.13-16: W: Hi, there. I'm having trouble finding this certain book on medieval German nobility.

M: Let me check on the computer. Hmm ... it appears that we don’t have it.

W: Oh, no. It was really important for an essay I’m working on right now.

M: Well, we have a central computer system that is connected to the other university libraries in the state. I can search them all to see where your book is, then order it from the nearest university.

You could borrow it-from another library.

W: That would be great. How long will it take?

M: We can usually get a book here in two or three days. But the lending period is shorter than for a normal book - only 10 days instead of two weeks. And if you’re late returning books from other libraries, the overdue fine is a lot larger.

W: I won’t be late. But does it cost anything to sign out books from other libraries?

M: Not for up to five books. Any more than that, and you would have to pay a small service charge. central computer system: hệ thống máy tính trung tâm connect (v): kết nối service charge: phí dịch vụ Q.17-20: M: What's the matter, Jane?

W: Oh, I was supposed to meet James for a study session at 4, but he’s late.

M: Mr. James is like that. I always give myself an extra 15 minutes or so whenever I have an appointment with him.

W: That's not a bad idea. I'd like to have him waiting for me for a change.

M: Yeah, some people are just irresponsible like that. I remember once he was actually late for the exam. Nearly 20 minutes late, and he just comes walking in, like there's nothing wrong. He wasn’t worried or anything.

W: I can't imagine myself being like that. I always leave myself extra time, just to make sure I'm always ready and on time.

M: Oh, there he comes now.

W: It's about time.

M: How long are you guys planning on studying?

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W: Pretty late. We have a big chemistry test tomorrow and I'm really behind.

M: Well, maybe I’ll see you later. I have to get some work done at the library, too.

Q.21- 25: W: Can you believe Professor Kensington postponed the due date for the term paper this morning?

It's unbelievable!

M: Yeah, it was crazy! I've been spending days and nights in the computer lab writing up that paper. I only did that because he kept on emphasizing that he won't take any paper that's not in his office by noon today.

W: I heard that, too. Jessica and I stayed tip half the night trying to finish it. I think It was three o'clock in We morning when we finally had the third draft. I barely had any sleep.

M: You had Jessica to help you? At least you had someone to proofread your paper and help you with the research. It was a nightmare for me. I didn't even have time to proofread my paper.

W: Well, I'm really upset that Professor Kensington was so inconsiderate. Don’t you agree?

M: I guess it was a hasty change, but... I think he did it for us students.

W: You really didn't get enough sleep, did you? You're not thinking straight. I can't possibly see how I can understand his hasty decision that way.

M: Well, as much as I'm unhappy with his last-minute decision, I think he did it so that we could have one more chance to look over our work before turning it in. Besides, an extension of two days isn’t going to change anything drastic in our papers.

W: I suppose. Still I would have had more time to study for the calculus exam, which was today, if I hadn’t had to spend so much time and energy on that paper.

M: Oh well, at least he didn't tell us to hand it in earlier.

W: That's right... anyway, I'm not going to spend another two days on the assignment. I'm handing it in after the next class.

Stay the night: ở lại Proofread: dò, chỉnh lỗi Extension: gia hạn Q.26-30: W: Professor Atkins, could I get some help with my chemistry lab?

P: Certainly, Julie. What's the problem? Are you having trouble understanding some of the experiments?

W: Oh, no, I understand the experiment...perhaps I only think that I understand it.

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P: What do you mean? Do you or don't you?

W: Well, I tried the latest experiment by myself, based on what I understood from your lectures and lab session ... but I seem to come up with really different results from what the textbook indicates I should be getting.

P: That certainly is a possibility. Remember, the textbook lends Jo give you an ideal explanation of the experiments. But in real life, any number of factors can cause you to get results that might not be the ideal or preferred outcome.

W: Oh, that's good... so any result is acceptable?

P: No, of course there is a range for this particular experiment; I'd expect your answer to be within... let's see now... perhaps 4 or 5% off the textbook.

W: Really? My answer was nearly 10% off. Wouldn’t that be right?

P: I'm sorry, but that would be a problem. If your answer were that far from the proper answer, and say that even if you could explain the difference, I would have to lower your grade significantly.

W: I see. Alright. I guess I'm going to have to redo it. I want to do well in your class and can't afford to get a bad grade.

P: Very good. But you'll have to hurry, the lab is due Friday, and I won't be giving any extensions.

W: Oh, I was hoping…

P: Yes? W: Oh, it's nothing. Well, could you please sign a permission slip for me to use the lab after hours?

I only have time during late evenings this weekend.

P: Sure, I'll do that for you right now. Here you go…, and a tip... before you start the experiment, wipe the test tubes with alcohol... there might be unwanted residue inside that might be affecting the result.

Experiment: thí nghiệm Test tube: ống nghiệm Alcohol: cồn Due: đến hạn Q31-35: We'll be looking into the largest state in America, Alaska. If you look at the location of Alaska on the map, you can see that it is bordered by Canada on the east, the Arctic Ocean on the north, the Bering Strait and Bering Sea to the east, and the Gulf of Alaska... wait a minute... sorry about that... to the west and the Gulf of Alaska to the south. And as you can see on the map, Alaska

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has a greater land area than California and Texas combined. Now, although there are many cities in Alaska, the population is so low that an average number of students in a middle school classroom is only about 10. You can imagine many desolate small towns scattered around Alaska.

It’s probably because roads and railways serve only certain portions of the state. So, it's natural that Alaskans rely heavily on airplanes for transportation, since many parts of Alaska are accessible only via air. Well, of course. There is a railway operating between Fairbanks, a relatively big city in central Alaska, and Seward, a city on the southern coast. It is much more popular than the only major highway in Alaska, the Alaska Highway, which is open throughout the year. Not that there's much traffic. One does not need to venture far to understand the reason for its sparse population. Even though cold climate and other factors make most of Alaska a lessthan-desirable location for farming, agriculture is conducted in a few areas between Fairbanks and the southern coast. Most of the food Alaskans need, however, must be imported from outside the state. Also, Alaska is subject to strong earthquakes and occasional volcanic activity. Your textbook describes the explosion of the Alaskan volcano Mount Katmai in the early 20th century as one of the most famous and violent volcanic eruptions in history. I strongly suggest you read up on that chapter, as we'll be touching on some of that the next time. Anyway, where was I? Oh yes, earthquakes ... these occasional earthquakes generate seismic sea reach far inland and destroy communities along the shore. It wasn't much different from the terrible tsunami of 2004.

Location: vị trí Border: tiếp giáp Average number: số lượng trung bình Rely on: phụ thuộc (vào) Explosion: nổ Volcano: núi lửa Volcanic eruption: sự phun trào núi lửa Occasional: thỉnh thoảng, không thường xuyên Earthquake: động đất Generate: sản xuất, sản sinh Seismic: địa chấn Terrible: khủng khiếp

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ANSWER KEY – READING PASSAGE 1: 1A (Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person.)

2C (Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused (gây ra) by many other problems) 3A (Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression.)

A. indications (a remark or sign that shows that something is happening or what somebody is thinking or feeling): dấu hiệu B. diet (the food that you eat and drink regularly): chế độ ăn uống C. diagnosis (the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem): sự chẩn đoán D. prescriptions (an official piece of paper on which a doctor writes the type of medicine you should have, and which enables you to get it from a chemist’s shop/drugstore): đơn thuốc 4D (Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin.)

A. relieved (to make a problem less serious): làm dịu lại B. identified (to find or discover somebody/something): nhận ra C. avoided (to prevent something bad from happening): tránh D. triggered (to make something happen suddenly): gây ra 5B (Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating (loại bỏ) food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets.)

6A (Some people have been successful in treating (điều trị) their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit (được lợi) from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets.)

7C (Many of these allergies will not develop (phát triển) if these foods are not fed to an infant (trẻ nhỏ) until her or his intestines (ruột) mature (hoàn thiện) at around seven months.)

8D (Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes.)

9D (Some people have been successful (thành công) in treating (điều trị) their migraines with supplements (bổ sung) of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin.)

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10 A (Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective) PASSAGE 2: 11 D ("The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur".)

12 A (Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".)

13 B (Discrimination (phân biệt đối xử) against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small.)

14 A ("In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own". ) 15 A ("In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".)

16 C (When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash.)

17 C (In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business.)

18 B (Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail (thất bại), just as men often do. They still face (đối mặt) hurdles in the business world, especially problems (vấn đề) in raising money;) 19 C

(the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard.)

20 B (Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation (tình hình) is changing (thay đổi); there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.)

PASSAGE 3: 21 B (Similarly, the pine is dependent on (phụ thuộc vào) the pinon jays for distribution (phân tán) of the seeds.)

Dissemination: gieo rắc

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22 A (It seems the reproductive cycle of a pine jay corresponds with the ripening of the pine’s seed. Similarly (tương tự), the pine is dependent on the pinon jays for distribution of the seeds.

23 B (Seeds are stored (cất giữ, bảo quản) in the bark of a tree or in the ground. Using their long bills, pinon jays plant and store them for later consumption (tiêu thụ, sử dụng).)

24 C (The fungus occupies the cortex cells of the secondary roots of the plant. This relationship is called a ‘mycorrhiza.’ It helps the plant absorb inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil.)

25 A (Mutualism (sự hỗ sinh) can also bring together two very different organisms, for example, a buffalo and an ox bird. These birds journey on the backs (lưng) of African buffalo eating their parasites (động, thực vật ký sinh). The bird receives food, and the buffalo is rid of irritating insects.)

26 B (Commensalism (sự hội sinh) refers to a symbiotic (hội sinh) relationship where one organism eats the unused (không dùng) food of another. One benefits (hưởng lợi), but the other is not affected (ảnh hưởng). Examples include the remora and the shark. The remora attaches (bám) itself to the shark, when the shark feeds (cho ăn) itself, the remora picks up (vớ lấy) scraps (mẩu thừa).)

27 C (In parasitism, one organism benefits (hưởng lời) and the other is harmed (bị hại).

Parasites live off the body of other organisms and receive nourishment from their tissues, while also inflicting damage on their hosts.

28 A (For example, in 1966, amebas were discovered that had become infected (gây bệnh, nhiễm độc) with bacteria. However, after five years, it was found that the core of the amebas had become dependent on the bacteria; thus, parasitism had evolved (tiến triền) into mutualism.)

29 C (paragraph 4: (option A) An example of mutualism is a plant and fungi… (option B) Another example of mutualism is pollination. Bees carry pollen from one plant to the next when they seek out plants for nectar. They feed themselves on the nectar, and the plants reproduce after fertilization by the pollen from other plants. (option D) Paragraph 5: Mutualism can also bring together two very different organisms, for example, a buffalo and an ox bird… (option C) paragraph 6: Commensalism refers to a symbiotic relationship where one organism eats the unused food of another. One benefits, but the other is not affected. Examples include the remora and the shark.)

30 D (One example of commensalism in humans is bacteria (vi khuẩn) living in our intestines (ruột) that feed on food in our gut (ruột).)

PASSAGE 4: 31 C (The upper mantle has an area known as the low-velocity zone, where secondary waves decrease rapidly and then gradually increase.)

Induce: gây ra Regionally: theo vùng Extensive: rộng về diện tích

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oscillation: sự dao động 32 C (The inner core is solid (rắn), whereas the outer core is so hot that the metal (kim loại) is always molten (bị chảy). However, because the force (lực) at the inner core is so immense, it cannot melt (chảy).

33 B

(However, because the force (lực) at the inner core is so immense, it cannot melt.)

34 A (Due to Earth’s rotation, the outer core spins (quay) around the inner core, which causes the Earth’s magnetism (hiện tượng từ tính).)

Convection: sự đối lưu tectonic plate: mảng kiến tạo 35 B (A seismic (địa chấn, động đất) wave is a wave that travels through Earth; it is often the result of a tectonic earthquake.)

36 B (These differ according to temperature, phase, and structure. Body waves send out the first tremors of an earthquake as well as any later ones.)

37 C (Surface waves can be the most devastating type of seismic wave due to their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude.)

38 A (The moment an earthquake occurs, seismographs try to record its primary and secondary waves, but often they cannot detect the secondary waves of a distant earthquake.

This may be due to the fact that secondary waves are unable to pass through liquids.)

39 C

(paragraph 3)

40 D (This may be due to the fact that secondary waves are unable to pass through liquids. This information about wave travel helps scientists determine the internal structure of the planet.)

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MODEL ANSWER – WRITING TASK 1: Informal letter Dear Daisy, It's great to hear from you again. I hope everything is going well in London.

Thanks for sending me the photos. I really like them because they remind me of the great time we spent with each other in Ha Long Bay. I believe that you enjoyed the breath-taking scenery here so much.

As you probably know, I had a bit of trouble at Tan Son Nhat airport because of the accidental power-cut, but I got home safely in the end.

I’m afraid I won’t be able to get away this spring as I have to visit my grandparents in Central Vietnam then. What about a trip to Hanoi, the capital City of Viet Nam next summer? I will have graduated from university by next June, and I‘ve got a whole month to travel before starting my first job.

Well that’s all for now, Daisy. Drop me a line when you have time and let me know what you think about my plan.

All the best, Word count: 169 Remind (me) of: gợi nhớ (về), làm cho ai nhớ (về) Breath-taking: đẹp sửng sốt Have a bit of trouble: gặp phải một chút rắc rối The accidental power-cut: bất ngờ mất điện TASK 2: Process: Step 1: Analyze the question (phân tích câu hỏi) -

identify key question words (xác định từ khóa trong câu hỏi)

Recent advances in technology leads the fact that human workforce is gradually with machinery.

What are some problems caused by this trend, and how could they be dealt with?  Problems-solutions essay -

Paraphrase the question: find the synonyms, phrasal verbs, etc. to write words with the same or related meaning

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(Diễn giải câu hỏi : tìm từ đồng nghĩa, cụm động từ,..để viết các từ giống nhau hoặc cùng nghĩa) + advances in technology: technological advances + recent: in the past few decades -

List table of problem + example and solutions (Liệt kê bảng vấn đề + ví dụ và giải pháp) Problems

-

Solutions -

less social interaction among factory workers (các công nhân ít tương tác xã hội

the board of directors organizes social activities (Ban điều hành tổ chức ra các hoạt động xã hội)

với nhau) making workers lazier

-

the management, along with the trainer should raise the workers’ sense of responsibility (làm cho công nhân trở nên lười (Việc quản lý và huấn luyện nên làm tăng được tinh thần trách nhiệm của công nhân) biếng) - the government local authority and vocational schools launch some specific programs or training courses for manual workers, and - increasing the unemployment rate encourage them to update themselves (tăng tỷ lệ thất nghiệp) (Chính quyền địa phương và các trường dạy nghề tổ chức các chương trình đặc biệt hoặc các khóa huấn luyện cho công nhân, và khuyến khích họ tự trao dồi) - Decide the structure of the essay (Quyết định cấu trúc của bài tiểu luận) Block organization (Khối tổ chức)

HOẶC

-

Chain organization (Tổ chức mắt xích)

Introduction Problem 1

Problem 1 and solutions to problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 2 and solutions to problem 2

Transition sentence / paragraph

Problem 3 and solutions to problem 3

Solution 1 Solution 2 Conclusion

Step 2: Write your essay (viết bài)

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 Rephrase the question (Đọc lại câu hỏi) Introduction

 This essay discusses [problem and solution] (Bài luận này thảo luận về gì)  Problem signal words: because/since/as, resulted from, was the result of, effect of/consequence of, as a result of/ as a consequence of, lead to… (Các từ biểu hiện vấn đề) + One of the biggest problems is that … + Another issue is that …

Body

 Transition sentences : However, there’re still solutions to these above problems (Câu chuyển tiếp)  Solution signal words: (các từ biếu hiện giải pháp) + The solution is … + To tackle this problem, … + Dealing with this issue involves …  Summary of problem and solution (Tổng kết vấn đề và giải pháp)

Conclusion

 Give opinion (Đưa ý kiến)

Sample: Technological advances in the past few decades help to gradually replace human workforce with the-state-of-the-art machines in a wide range of industries. Although people can benefit a lot from the replacement, personally I think there are some drawbacks of this ongoing trend. This essay will examine the negative effects of the development of technology on human- beings and then propose some solutions.

One of the biggest problems is that there is less social interaction among factory workers because they always have to work with machines. They just focus on the machine they operate instead of communicating with their co-workers. The solution is for the board of directors to organize social activities such as team building, going for a picnic at an amusement park, having staff parties on national holidays and so on. Thanks to these activities, workers have a chance to spend time together talking and sharing their work experience as well as life experience with one another.

Another issue is that this trend has made workers lazier because they tend to heavily depend on machines. In some cases, they can, but they are unwilling, and even refuse to fulfill their task by hand when a technical problems like a breakdown or power cut occurs. To tackle this problem, the management, along with the trainer should raise the workers’ sense of responsibility to make efforts to do their duty if possible without assistance of machinery.

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Last but not least, this replacement may increase the unemployment rate. As machines can perform faster and more efficiently, the need for manpower will decrease dramatically. There might be only vacancies for highly-qualified technicians who can operate modem machines. As a result, unskilled manual workers may run the risk of being jobless. Dealing with this issue involves the government local authority and vocational schools launching some specific programs or training courses in which manual workers are trained to control fashionable machines. Moreover, they should be encouraged to update themselves with the development of today’s science and technology so as not to be left behind.

All things considered, no one can deny that there are two sides of the same coin; we can, therefore, see both the pros and cons of substituting machinery for manpower. However, the government, the factory management, and the vocational school can take the above-mentioned measures to make a great contribution to minimizing its downsides.

Word count: 350

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SUGGESTED IDEAS FOR SPEAKING PART 1: Social interaction (3’) Let’s talk about the weather.

- What kind of weather do you like?

Favorite weather: hot/ cold/ warm/ wet/ dry/ nice/ beautiful weather Sample: I am passionate about a cool spell that appears in the autumn. It is when I am able to enjoy a fresh air that makes me healthier. Also, I am quite fond of the snowy weather because I can go out in order to go skiing and make snowman with my younger brother.

A cool spell: thời kỳ thời tiết lạnh a fresh air: không khí trong lành the snowy weather: trời có tuyết rơi go skiing: đi trượt tuyết make snowman: làm người tuyết - Does the weather affect your mood/ feeling?

Weather affects people’s moods/ feelings. + Sunny weather/ clear days keep people happy and excited. + Wet/ cold/ grey days may make people sad/ bored/ depressed.

Sample: Yes, the weather does, especially rains. A heavy rain that lasts several days makes me feel so down because I can’t go out to chit chat with my friends. Also, it is when I see a period of time with a cloud in the sky. It is so miserable that I don’t want to do whatever. make me feel so down: làm tôi buồn chit chat: tán gẫu a cloud in the sky: trời nhiều mây miserable: khốn khổ, đáng thương - What do your usually do in hot/ cold weather? + Hot weather: going out with friends; going for a picnic; joining outdoor activities; going camping; playing sports; swimming; cycling + Cold weather: listening to music; reading books; playing computer games; playing indoor sports; watching television; surfing the Internet

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Sample: When it’s hot, I prefer being out. Honestly, I’m interested in sports, so I usually go swimming at the pool near my house every morning. The cool water helps me refresh my mind and be full of energy for a new day. Sometimes, I also go for a picnic with my friends or my family at the beach.

It’s great to enjoy icy cold drinks, some sandwiches and snacks, and make some memories together. being out: ra ngoài refresh (my) mind: làm đầu óc tỉnh táo be full of energy: tràn đầy năng lượng Let’s talk about your favorite children game.

- What game(s) did you enjoy playing when you were a child?

- Who did you play with?

- Did you need any skills to play the game? + Funny children games: playing football; playing with toy cars; playing with a doll; playing treehouse; playing Hide and Seek; skipping ropes Sample: I played several games both outdoor games and indoor games. Among those games, I enjoyed playing chess than the others. This game does not involve any major physical movements like the other outdoor games but a chess player has to use his or her brain and make plan to defeat the opponent, so it makes our minds more active. That is the reason why I like it most and play it until now. + Players: playing with kids next door/ classmates/ with sisters or brothers/ parents Sample: Chess is an indoor game where two players participate. I mostly play chess with my friends and cousins. Sometimes I play it with my father and senior relatives. Playing chess requires only placing the board on a surface and a sitting position for the two players. Therefore, it is very convenient to play chess almost everywhere. I mostly play chess in our garden or my room. + Skills needed: turn-taking; competing; cooperating; working in teams; conflict-solving; concentrating Sample: This game requires players to make perfect plan, find weaknesses of the opponent and a battle strategy. A player can use his or strategy to allure the opponent to fall in trap which is much like a real battle field. Besides, playing chess gives you the feeling of being the King of the regime where you decide your country’s destiny. physical movements: chuyển động, di chuyển

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make plan: lên kế hoạch defeat the opponent: đánh bại đối thủ make (our) minds more active: làm cho đầu óc (chúng ta) linh hoạt, nhanh nhạy hơn find weaknesses of the opponent: tìm ra được điểm yếu của đối phương a battle strategy: chiến thuật fall in trap: sập bẫy a battle field: chiến trường PART 2: Solution discussion (4’) Situation: You are planning your holiday. There are three suggestions: a beach holiday, a climbing holiday, and a sight-seeing holiday. Which do you think is the best choice for you? + A beach holiday: relaxing/ sunbathing on the beach; swimming in the sea; playing water sports; building sandcastles + A climbing holiday: climbing a mountain/ a rock; hanging at the mountain sides; camping on the top; discovering caves + A sight-seeing holiday: visiting famous tourist attractions, appreciate the nature and the wildlife; trying local foods; discovering new cultures Từ vựng: Beautiful scenery: phong cảnh đẹp Widen knowledge: mở rộng kiến thức Coastal city: thành phố ven biển Go for walks: đi dạo get arthritis: bị đau khớp hike: leo núi Sample: I reckon I would choose a sight-seeing holiday as the most suitable choice for my holiday.

Well, I suppose that there are quite a few clear benefits. But I would probably say that the one thing that really stands out is that I can visit famous tourist attractions. This is obviously favorable because I can enjoy the beautiful scenery and save memory by taking photos. Besides this, a second

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plus point could be that we can discover new culture. This is definitely valuable since I am interested in learning something new during my holiday. Such a holiday not only helps me relax but also widen our knowledge. Also, it would be great that I have a chance to try the local foods.

It is also suggests that I choose a beach holiday and a climbing holiday. Regarding a beach holiday, it can’t be denied that there are some exciting activities at the beach such as sunbathing, playing water sports or building sandcastles. However, I live in a coastal city, so I quite often go to the beach on the weekend to enjoy the sea food and play volleyball with my friends, or just go for walks there. Therefore, I want something different for my holiday.

It is clear that a climbing holiday is also a good idea. This is because I can climb the mountain and camp on the top. The fresh air on there would help me refresh my mind and feel relaxed. That sounds great! In spite of the positive points, a climbing holiday is not suitable. Because I get arthritis, it is difficult for me to hike.

For all these reasons, a sight-seeing holiday is the best choice for me.

PART 3: Topic development (5’) Topic: Music should be taught in schools.

Music education (giáo dục âm nhạc) - Relaxing: (thư giãn) + Music at school can help fight stress and entertain students. (Âm nhạc ở trường học có thể giúp học sinh chống căng thẳng và giải trí.) + Soothing music helps students relax and keep calm. (Nhạc nhẹ giúp học sinh thư giãn và bình tĩnh) - Memory-improving: (cải thiện trí nhớ) + Music learners usually perform with memory. (Những người học nhạc thường có trí nhớ tốt.) + The skill of memorization can help students study well. (Kỹ năng ghi nhớ sẽ giúp học sinh học tập tốt hơn.)

- Helping with language and reasoning: (giúp phát triển ngôn ngữu và lập luận) + Early musical training improves part of the brain which functions for language and reasoning.

(Dạy nhạc sớm làm tăng chức năng ngôn ngữ và lý luận của bộ não.) + Information can be imprinted on young minds with music and songs. (Thông tin có thể được in sau vào trí nhớ trẻ nhờ âm nhạc.)

-

More ideas for music education at school (Một số ý khác)

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+ Students of music can develop imagination and creativity. (Học sinh học nhạc có thể phát triển khả năng tưởng tượng và trí sáng tạo.) + Students of music can be emotionally developed and have positive attitudes towards other cultures. (Học sinh học nhạc có thể được phát triển về cảm xúc và có thái độ tích cực đối với các nền văn hóa khác.) + Students of music can have better auditory attention, and pick out predictable patterns from surrounding noise. (Học sinh học nhạc tập trung chú ý về âm thanh tốt hơn và nhận ra được những loại có thể đoán được từ tiếng ồn xung quanh.)

Sample: We all know the benefits of music in our life. That is the reasons why it is said that music should be taught in schools.

To begin with, music at school can help fight stress and entertain students. In fact, soothing music helps students relax and keep calm.

Next, teaching music in schools also helps students improve their memories. This is because music learners usually perform with memory. As a result, the skill of memorization can help students study well.

Another advantage of teaching music at schools is helping with language and reasoning. Scientists point out that early musical training improves part of the brain which functions for language and reasoning. In addition to this, the left side of the brain is better developed with music, and songs can help imprint information on young minds.

Last but not least, music education at school helps students of music develop imagination and creativity. The reason for this is that kids who study the arts can learn to think creatively. This kind of education can help them solve problems by thinking outside the box and realizing that there may be more than one right answer. Therefore, students’ academic performance is improved.

All in all, because of the above reasons, I strongly agree that music education should be a part in schools.

- Should children be encouraged to learn music early?

Children should be encouraged to learn music early. (Trẻ em nên được khuyến khích học nhạc từ bé.) + feeling the sense of achievement (cảm nhận được cảm giác thành công) + keeping interested and engaged in school (say mê và gắn bó với trường lớp) + learning to think creatively (học các suy nghĩ sáng tạo) Sample:

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+ Personally, I think it’s important to have soft fingers and palm to learn how to play the musical instruments such as guitar. So, children have more flexible fingers and they are more likely to find the correct feeling. + In my opinion, children should always have music classes. Music has been scientifically proven to have positive influences on one’s way of thinking and feeling, so it will do people good if they can experience music from an early age.

- Do you agree that music can change people’s moods/ feelings?

Music can change people’s moods/ feelings. (Âm nhạc có thể thay đổi tâm trạng của con người) + Soothing music calms feelings. (Nhạc nhẹ có thể làm cho cảm xúc nhẹ nhàng hơn) + Stimulating music wakes up feelings. (Nhạc khuấy động đánh thức cảm xúc.)

Sample: Yes, definitely. There are all kinds of music for all kinds of moods and situations. Scientists have recognized the power of music. For instance, when people are sad or have suffered a personal loss, sad music can be soothing and helpful, because people identify with the tone and lyrics of the music. Likewise, people under a lot of stress or experiencing frustrating circumstances can benefit from listening to angry music. While angry music might not help you if you're in a normal mood, its aggressive tone can be beneficial when dealing with stressful, frustrating circumstances. suffered a personal loss: trải qua mất mát identify with the tone and lyrics: cảm nhận được giai điệu và lời bài hát frustrating: nản lòng, thất vọng - How would life be like without music?

Life without music: (cuộc sống không có âm nhạc) + failing to enrich people’s inner life and soul (không thể làm giàu nội tâm con người) + failing to release the sense of emotional freedom (không thể giải tỏa được cảm xúc) Từ vựng: Play an important role: đóng vai trò quan trọng Disappear: biến mất Enrich: làm giàu Inner life: cuộc sống nội tâm Soul: tâm hồn A nutritious spiritual food: món ăn tinh thần

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Indispensable: không thể thiếu Sample: Just as other kinds of art, music plays an important role in our life. So, if there was a day that music disappeared, I guess, our life would have become worse. The first thing I can think of is that we would fail to enrich our inner life and soul because we lost such a nutritious spiritual food.

In addition, we would be unlikely to release the sense of emotional freedom, which music brings us after a day’s hard work. Briefly, music has become an indispensable part of human culture.

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ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ SỐ 3 ANSWER KEY – LISTENING PART 1: 1D

2B

3B

4A

5D

6C

7D

8B

11 A

12 D

13 B

14 C

15 C

16 D

17 C

18 B

19 D

20 D

24 A

25 B

26 D

27 C

28 D

29 B

30 D

31 B

32 C

PART 2: 9B

10 B

PART 3: 21 B

22 C

23 A

33 D

34 A

35 C ANSWER KEY – READING

PASSAGE 1: 1A

2B

3D

4C

5B

6A

7A

8C

9A

10 B

13 A

14 B

15 C

16 A

17 C

18 B

19 A

20 A

23 C

24 C

25 A

26 D

27 C

28 C

29 A

30 B

33 D

34 B

35 D

36 C

37 D

38 C

39 B

40 B

PASSAGE 2: 11 A

12 C

PASSAGE 3: 21 D

22 A

PASSAGE 4: 31 C

32 A

MODEL ANSWER – WRITING TASK 1: Dear Clare, I’m very happy to get your email yesterday and know that you are getting used to your new life.

Why don’t you tell me why have you been so busy and what is going on there?

How many bedrooms are there in your new house? Is there a garden in front? What do you like most about the house? Remember to send me some photos of it. I love to see them.

You know, missing some things and people here after you have moved to a new place is a matterof-course. However, I wonder who and what you miss. Do you miss me and the time we got together?

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I can’t wait to visit you there. What about next September? I have a week off then, so I can arrange to go and stay with you for a few days.

Hope to hear from you soon.

All the best, Word count: 150 TASK 2: In most part of the world, including of Vietnam, the popularity of fast food is growing at a considerable rate. Some people hold the view that fast food poses several health hazards to consumers. However, personally, I strongly believe that eating fast food is a great idea for busy people for two following reasons.

To begin with, most people, especially young adults consider fast food as a convenient source of food. In fact, fast food can be prepared and served within a very short time. One day, if you get stuck in a traffic jam on the way home from work and don’t have enough time to cook dinner, just take the whole family straight to a KFC restaurant to eat some fried chicken with French fries.

Obviously, fast food industry helps to save human time.

Another reason is that eaters can enjoy the pleasant atmosphere in an air-conditioned fast food restaurant which is beautifully decorated with colorful lights, nice paintings, and modern multishaped tables and chairs. It can’t be denied that you will definitely feel relaxed and comfortable after hard work and enjoy the good taste of hamburgers, hot dogs, pizzas, and so on there.

Turning to the other side of the argument, consuming too much fast food is the cause of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. In fact, this kind of food is rich in fat, salt, artificial substances and oils, all of which increase the risk of those health problems. Some recent surveys show that the number of obese children is alarmingly on the increase.

All in all, I’m in favor of the idea that going to a fast food restaurant for meals is the best choice when you are as busy as a bee. However, you should limit the amount of oily and salty fast food consumed due to lots of warnings of health threat suggested by doctors and nutritionists.

Word count: 315

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SUGGESTED IDEAS FOR SPEAKING Part 1: Social interaction (3’) Let’s talk about noise. i. Do you like to live in a noisy place or a quiet place?

Sample: I think it depends on our personalities. Personally, I’m an introverted person, so my favorite living place would be in the countryside or a small town that is quiet and calm. This would be where I can just sit and relax while watching life pass by. depend (on): phụ thuộc (vào) personality: tính cách, nhân cách introverted: hướng nội ii. What kind of noise disturbs you most?

Sample: I hate noise from factories and construction sites. I can’t stand louder speakers. They never fail to distract me from working or studying, thereby reducing my productivity.

Hate: ghét can’t stand: không thể chịu được distract (me) from working or studying: làm (tôi) sao nhãng học hành hay phân tâm khi làm việc reduce (my) productivity: làm giảm năng suất iii. Does noise affect your health?

Sample: There are lots of noise-related problems, but in my opinion sleep disturbance is the worst. I am a light sleeper. On those nights when loud noise comes from the street, I am not able to get any sleep. noise-related problems: các vấn đề liên quan đến tiếng ồn sleep disturbance: phá quấy/ làm phiền giấc ngủ light sleeper: người khó ngủ Part 2: Solution discussion (4’) Situation: You are thinking about how to spend your evening. There are three options: hanging out with friends, reading books, and surfing the Internet. Explain your choice. + hanging out with friends:

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 dancing in a club  eating in a fast-food restaurant  having a barbecue  going out for a coffee  sitting and chatting + reading books:  reading fiction/ non-fiction books  reading before bedtime  reading for fun  reading for information + surfing the Internet:  visiting favorite websites  watching music videos  researching a topic  uploading/ downloading files  chatting with friends  checking e-mails Part 3: Topic developing (5’) Topic: There are several ways for people to make friends.

How to make friends iv. joining social events annual meetings; workshops; seminars; conferences; business dinners; shows; exhibitions; fair; charity events; music recitals v. forming interest-based groups sports clubs; cooking clubs; groups of movie-makers/ stamp collectors/ cartoonists; art clubs; drama clubs vi. attending parties wedding receptions; ceremonies; year-end parties; anniversaries; family celebrations; gatherings; company parties vii. more ideas about ways to make friends volunteering; joining social network sites; travelling; working in teams viii.

Should people trust online friends? Why or why not?

Online friends + having things in common because the connections based on location, education, experiences, hobbies, age, gender, religions + having frequent communication between individuals via the Internet

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+ easily tracking down friends’ profiles or uploaded messages + easily leading to a friendship, a romantic relationship, or a business partnership in real life ix. What factors can contribute to a true friendship?

True friends + having common interests; being good listeners; showing loyalty; making friendship a priority + inspiring/ trusting/ accepting/ supporting/ encouraging/ respecting each other x. Which one is more important: family or friends?

Family vs friends + Family members are close by nature. + Friends are close by interests of personality. + Both family and friendship are true cause of happiness. + Both family and friendship give a sense of love, joy and laughter. + Family ties tend to be longer and more reassuring.

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THI TH

S

1

PH N 1: NGHE HI U 40 PHÚT PH C HI U 60 PHÚT PH N 3: VI T 60 PHÚT PH N 4: NÓI 12 PHÚT

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PH N 1: NGHE HI U VSTEP Th i gian: 40 phút S câu h i: 35 Directions: In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts in this section with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the recording.

There will be time for you to read the instructions and you will have a chance to check your work.

The recording will be played ONCE only.

Time allowance: about 40 minutes, including 05 minutes to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

PART 1: Questions 1-8 Directions: In the part, you will hear EIGHT short announcements or instructions. There is one question for each announcement or instruction. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, c or D. Then, on the answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer that you have chosen.

Woman: Hello. This is the travel agency returning your call - You left a message about the holiday you've booked, asking which meals are included in the cost during your stay at Sunny Hotel. Lunch and dinner are free but if you wish to have breakfast in the hotel, you will need to pay an extra amount of money, depending on what you order. Let me know if I can help you with any other information. Goodbye.

On the test book, you will read: Which meal is NOT included in the price of the holiday?

A. B. C. D.

Breakfast Lunch Dinner All meals

1. What is the purpose of the message?

A. to schedule a checkup B. to delay a meeting C. to confirm an appointment D. to request some files 2. What is being advertised?

A. a city tour

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3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

B. a spa package C. a hotel D. a hospital According to the announcement, what will be built near Berryville?

A. a university B. a high school C. a new hospital wing D. an airport terminal Who is this announcement probably for?

A. factory employees B. office managers C. safety supervisors D. hotel workers What is the purpose of the message?

A. to make a reservation at a restaurant B. to ask about a new employee C. to invite a co-worker for dinner D. to offer a ride home What is this message about?

A. a new security policy B. the business hours C. an office relocation D. a permanent closure What is the purpose of the message?

A. to make an appointment B. to offer a position C. to cancel an interview D. to confirm receipt of an application Who is the speaker?

A. a new employee B. the founder C. the chairman of the board D. the personnel director

PART 2: Questions 9-20 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE conversations. The conversations will not be repeated. There are four questions for each conversation, t or each question, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Questions 9 to 12 refer to the following conversation.

9. Why is the woman calling?

A. to make an appointment B. to speak with dr. Johnson

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C. to confirm an appointment D. to receive some medical advice 10. What is probably true about the man?

A. He is a doctor.

B. He is very busy these days.

C. D. He will be late for the appointment.

11. What does the woman ask the man to do?

A. show up to his appointment a little early B. get more medical insurance C. wait 10 minutes in the waiting area D. always arrange his appointments a day early 12. What will the man likely take to his appointment?

A. his past medical records B. some insurance documents C. his appointment book D. an application form Questions 13 to 16 refer to the following conversation.

13. Who most likely are they?

A. journalists B. physicians C. lawyers D. restaurant owners 14. Who has been mentioning the study to the woman?

A. her patients B. her mother-in-law C. her doctor D. her friends 15. When will they likely attend the conference?

A. Today B. Friday C. Saturday D. Sunday 16. Who is going to visit the woman?

A. her mends B. her husband C. her mother-in-law D. her patients Questions 17 to 20 refer to the following conversation.

17. What are they talking about?

A. a newly released product B. the duration of the warranty

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C. a customer they helped D. a vehicle the man recently fixed 18. According to the man, what was the customer most satisfied with?

A. The low cost of the repair work B. The free service they provided C. The competitive price of their products D. The length of the warranty period 19. What do the speakers feel makes customers happy?

A. the low price B. the great service C. the free gifts D. the store hours 20. What is true about the customer?

A. He is a loyal one.

B. He thought the warranty had expired.

C. He will definitely come back to the store.

D. He will recommend the store to his friend.

PART 3: Questions 21-35 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE talks, lectures or conversations. The talks, lectures, or conversations will not be repeated. There are five questions for each talk, lecture, or conversation. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, C or D. Questions 21 to 25 refer to the following conversation.

21. Why is the woman visiting this office?

A. She wants to be a science major.

B. She wants to learn about politics.

C. She is interested in registering for a course.

D. She is interested in Political Science.

22. Why are there few people in the honors program?

A. It is not considered a prestigious program.

B. The requirements are difficult to meet.

C. No one likes the economics requirement.

D. It is an unpopular program.

23. What subject is NOT included, if the woman chooses Political Science?

A. Political Science 1 B. Writing seminar C. Political Science 2 D. Economics 24. Which is one of the requirements, if the woman chooses International Relation program?

A. Students have to maintain over a "B" average in all required courses.

B. Students have to study economics and a second history credit.

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C. Students need to be realistic in their expectation.

D. A, B, and C are all correct.

25. What is NOT a reason for the Political Science Department's elaborate registration process?

A. to make students think carefully about what courses they will take B. to have a similar system with other majors C. to make students have a planned program D. to ensure students have realistic expectations Questions 26- 30 refer to the following lecture.

26. What happened to the debate club meeting?

A. They painted instead of debating.

B. The club was disbanded.

C. The meeting was moved to another room, D. The meeting was postponed.

27.

A. He was too busy with his classes.

B. He was in a meeting.

C. His computer has been out of order.

D. His friend forgot to tell him.

28.

A. It is going to be demolished.

B. It is going to be sold.

C. It is going to be repainted.

D. It is going to be closed.

29.

A. It is too small for the group.

B. C. It will soon be enlarged to accommodate everyone.

D. It is file most run-down room in the student building.

30. What can be inferred about the man?

A. He does not enjoy the debate club.

B. He is not taking many classes.

C. He is a weak debater.

D. He is not ready for his debate yet.

31. What is the professor mainly talking about?

A. The science of space travel B. Scientific problems in Star Wars C. The erroneous science in science fiction D. Why science fiction is bad literature 32. According to the lecture, what is wrong with space travel in most science fiction?

A. There are no aliens in outer space.

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B. There is no way to go faster than light speed.

C. There are many other stars and galaxies.

D. There is nowhere to go in outer space.

33. According to the professor, how long does it take to travel to the closest star to Earth?

A. three light years B. one hundred light years C. hundreds light years D. a million light years 34. What does the professor NOT say about the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey?

A. It is exceptionally good.

B. It portrays gravity correctly.

C. It does not have faster-than-light travel.

D. It does not depict sound in space.

35. What can be inferred about science fiction?

A. Many people do not like watching science fiction.

B. It is costly to make science fiction.

C. Science fiction is not meant to teach us about science.

D. The film Space Odyssey is a famous science fiction.

This is the end of the listening paper.

Now you have 05 MINUTES to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

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PH

C HI U VSTEP Th i gian: 60 phút S câu h i: 40

Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1- Questions 1-10 It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins early in the year. In January and February, or as late as March in the North, the male calls to the female with a resonant hoot. The female is larger than the male. She sometimes reaches a body length of twenty-two to twenty-four inches, with a wingspread up to fifty inches. To impress her, the male does a strange courtship dance. He bobs. He bows. He ruffles his feathers and hops around with an important air.

He flutters from limb to limb and makes flying sorties into the air. Sometimes he returns with an offering of food. They share the repast, after which she joins the dance, hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the beat of an inner drum.

Owls are poor home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or even to occupy the deserted nest of a hawk or crow. These structures are large and rough, built of sticks and bark and lined with leaves and feathers. Sometimes owls nest on a rocky ledge, or even on the bare ground.

The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically settles herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from snow and cold. It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks its way out of the shell. As the young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide eyes and quizzical expressions. They clamor for food and keep the parents busy supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and beetles.

Later in the season baby crows are taken. Migrating songsters, waterfowl, and game birds all fall prey to the hungry family. It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave the nest to search for their own food. The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive the young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own.

1. What is the topic of this passage?

A. Raising a family of great horned owls B. Mating rituals of great horned owls C. Nest building of great horned owls D. Habits of young great horned owls 2. The phrase "a resonant hoot" is closest in meaning to _______.

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A. an instrument B. a sound C. a movement D. an offering of food 3. It can be inferred from the passage that the courtship of great horned owls _______.

A. takes place on the ground B. is an active process C. happens in the fall D. involves the male alone 4. According to the passage, great horned owls ________.

A. are discriminate nest builders B. need big nests for their numerous eggs C. may inhabit a previously used nest D. build nests on tree limbs 5. According to the passage, which of the following is the mother owl's job?

A. to initiate the courtship ritual B. to feed the young C. to sit on the nest D. to build the nest 6. The phrase "precious charges" refers to ________.

A. the eggs B. the nest C. other nesting owls D. the hawks and crows 7. According to the passage, young owlets eat everything EXCEPT ________.

A. other small birds B. insects C. small mammals D. nuts and seeds 8. The word "they" refers to _________.

A. the wise old men B. the adult birds C. the young birds D. the prey 9. What can be inferred from the passage about the adult parents of the young great horned owls?

A. They are sorry to see their young leave home.

B. They are lazy and careless about feeding the small owlets.

C. They probably don't see their young after November.

D. They don't eat while they are feeding their young.

10. The phrase "weary of" is closest in meaning to _________.

A. tired of B. become sad about

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C. support D. are attracted to PASSAGE 2- Questions 11-20 In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, a family from the East of the United States could either buy steamboat passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons, and their livestock or-as happened more often-simply pile everything into a wagon, hitch up a team, and begin their overland trek right in their front yard.

Along the macadamized roads and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel was comparatively fast, camping easy, and supplies plentiful. Then, in one river town or another, the neophyte emigrants would pause to lay in provisions. For outfitting purposes, the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827, but the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points. Westport and Fort Leavenworth flourished a few miles upriver. St. Joseph had sprung up 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail by staying on the paddle-wheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.

At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others as green as themselves, and made their final decisions about outfitting. They had various, sometimes conflicting, options. For example, either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the overland crossing. A family man usually chose the wagon. It was the costliest and slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife who likely as not was pregnant. Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by mountain rocks, that it might mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand-but maybe if those things happened on this trip, they would happen to someone else. Anyway, most pioneers, with their farm background, were used to wagons.

11. What is the topic of this passage?

A. Important river towns B. Getting started on the trip west C. The advantages of traveling by wagon D. Choosing a point of departure 12. All of the following can be inferred from the passage about travel east of the Missouri EXCEPT that it _______________.

A. was faster than in the West B. was easier than in the West C. took place on good roads D. was usually by steamboat 13. The phrase "jump-off point" in the passage is closest in meaning to________.

A. a bridge across a river B. a point of departure C. a gathering place D. a trading post 14. Which of the cities that served as a jump-off point can be inferred from the passage to be farthest west?

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A. Independence B. St. Joseph C. Westport D. Fort Leavenworth 15. The word "preeminent" in the passage is closest in meaning to_____________.

A. Oldest B. Superior C. most easily reached D. closest 16. The author implies in the passage that the early emigrants _____________.

A. knew a lot about travel B. were well stocked with provisions when they left their homes C. left from the same place in Missouri D. preferred wagon travel to other types of travel 17. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as options for modes of transportation from the Missouri River to the West EXCEPT _______________.

A. a wagon B. a riverboat C. a pack animal D. a two-wheel cart 18. In line 11, the word "striking" is closest in meaning to _____________ A. hitting B. orienting C. departing D. marking 19. All of the following features of the covered wagon made it unattractive to the emigrants EXCEPT _________________.

A. the speed at which it could travel B. its bulk C. its familiarity and size D. its cost 20. In the passage, the phrase "those things" refers to _______________.

A. the types of transportation B. the belongings of the pioneers C. the problems of wagon travel D. the overland routes

PASSAGE 3 Questions 21-30 Alexander the Great commissioned the city of Alexandria to create a Mediterranean stronghold in Egypt to rival Rome and cities in Greece. He died before his idea came to fruition, but his successors built it into one of the greatest cities of the Hellenistic world. The Royal Library of Alexandria has achieved an almost mythical status among scholars of classical studies. As with many ancient topics, scholarship on the matter often conflicts and relies heavily on hearsay and supposition. We will examine the importance of the library during its heyday and how it operated.

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As with many ancient landmarks, there is much debate and controversy over Alexandria's library, especially regarding its destruction. The tale has been retold by countless historians and attributed to just as many different factions and rulers, not to profile this landmark of education, but as a tool for political slander. It is estimated that there are over 4000 writings regarding its destruction, yet very little data exists regarding the structure, layout, organization, administration, or whereabouts of the complex. The accuracy of the available information is suspect. However, 20th century scholars have reached some general consensus from the remaining sources.

Most historians have come to the conclusion that the original library (also known as the Temple of the Muses) was commissioned by Ptolemy I, Alexander's key general. More accurately, it was commissioned by the Athenian exile Demetrius of Phaleron under Ptolemy l's patronage.

Traditionally it was attributed to his son Ptolemy II. However, it was later shown that Demetrius was antagonistic toward Ptolemy II and did not survive for much of his reign. Ptolemy II can be seen as responsible for the fruition and completion of the library and museum complex. H.G. Wells asserts that Ptolemy and his son encouraged 'a blaze of knowledge and discovery at Alexandria' through their funding of the library and other endowments.

The library itself was not a 'library' in the modem etymology. In fact, the library was essentially a collection of scholars and scribes encouraged to expand scientific and philosophical wisdom and musings brought about because of the ambition and drive of Ptolemy I. It was not the first institution of its type, developing about a half-century after Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum. About 30-50 scholars were probably permanently housed there, fed, and funded, first by the royal family, and later, according to an early Roman scroll, by public money. It served a religious, as well as an intellectual, function and it was the centerpiece of a so-called cult of the muses, governed by a priest.

[A] astronomy, and geometry, the editing of texts and manuscripts, and debating various advances in Western knowledge. [B] For two or three generations, the scientific output at Alexandria was considerably good. Its achievements included the introduction of the first steam engine, the first star map, and an astoundingly accurate estimate of the Earth's diameter. [C] Famous scholars employed there included Euclid, Eratosthenes, Apollonius, and Hero. [D] The library may have consisted of a group of buildings, including lecture halls, study rooms, dining rooms, gardens, and an astronomical observatory, hi organization of the library, it is believed that, in the time of Ptolemy II, the scrolls were haphazardly stored and grouped by general category.

From the time of Callimachus onwards, they used an early iteration of a subject catalog. Subject divisions outlined by Callimachus included mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and geometry, as well as philology. At its peak, it is estimated about 600,000 scrolls were held within its walls, although that is likely an overstatement.

The Ptolemys achieved their goal of creating the largest collection of its kind by varied and often forceful means. At the time of its founding, Greek libraries were usually collections of manuscripts by private individuals. Ptolemy had a vision to collect all accepted literature on all matters scientific, philosophical and spiritual. The library tried to get copies of all known books and would

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asking to borrow their books. On more than a few occasions, scribes made copies and kept the originals. Supposedly, all ships entering Alexandria's harbor were searched for books to copy.

The Royal Library of Alexandria was created at an ideal time and place in world history. It was able to combine the deductive techniques of Greek thought toward the learning of other world cultures. As such, it holds a legendary position among historians as an important center of classical knowledge. Although much of the story has been buried with time and conflict, the importance and significance of its contributions are clear.

21. All of the following sentences express important ideas in the passage EXCEPT _________.

A. The library was essentially a collection of scholars and scribes encouraged to expand scientific ad philosophical wisdom.

B. In the time of Callimachus, the scrolls were haphazardly stored and grouped by general category.

C. It is estimated that there were over 4000 writings about its destruction, yet very little evidence exists.

D. The library tried to get copies of all known books and would employ several methods of acquiring them.

22.

A. sections B. insubordinates C. cliques D. conspiracies 23.

A. data B. education C. the Royal Library of Alexandria D. destruction 24. The author A. introduce the idea that the destruction was caused by natural disaster B. illustrate that there are so many arguments surrounding its demise and disappearance C. indicate the difference between its destruction and other libraries destruction D. highlight the difference between the library and other historic sites 25. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways of leave out essential information.

A. Commissioned by Ptolemy I, the Royal Library was a place where people who wanted to learn gathered to study and record their philosophies.

B. The library was a large building where students gathered to research and study.

C. Philosophers often visited the library to further their studies.

D. Many people gathered at the Royal Library in Alexandria in order to socialize with their friends.

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26. According to paragraph 6, what was true about the early iteration of a subject catalog?

A. All the books were grouped within two general categories.

B. The books were chosen for their innovation, thematic impact, and popular appeal.

C. The librarians organized the collection of books systematically.

D. The library achieved an astonishing collection and many developments.

27.

A. estimation B. falsehood C. exaggeration D. presumption 28. Which of the following can be inferred about the Royal Library from the passage?

A. Most of the manuscripts from the library are preserved in modern museums.

B. Several writings from the library have been scanned and can be viewed on the Internet.

C. Little of the manuscripts contained in the library are in existence today.

D. The library is currently being reconstructed.

29. According to historians, all of the following were true about the Royal Library of Alexandria EXCEPT _______.

A. It probably contained over 600,000 writings.

B. Little is known of its exact location.

C. It was responsible for the first star map.

D. It was the largest and most magnificent library in history.

30. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

It remained an important intellectual center for over 500 years until numerous fires and other problems eroded its significance.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] PASSAGE 4 Questions 31-40 The Pacific Ocean contains approximately 20,000 to 30,000 islands. Islands, excluding Australia, that are south of the Tropic of Cancer are grouped into three divisions: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

Melanesia includes the nation of Papua New Guinea, provinces of Indonesia, and the Solomon P Island, among others. Migrants from South East Asian cities were the first settlers. The next wave

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of migrants populated New Guinea, gradually spreading to Fiji. The last of the Pacific islands to be settled was Polynesia. Hawaii was discovered sometime between the 7th and 13th centuries.

Bats were the only mammals on these islands until the arrival of the first humans. Birds adapted to environmental niches, like grazers and insectivores. Due to the cool and humid location, New Zealand lost plants and animals, like the giant flightless bird, that were intolerant of its climate.

However, the extinction coincided with the arrival of the Melanesians, so it was probably caused by hunting and fires. Adding to that, mining and a natural drought destroyed a majority of the natural habitat. This was repeated on Easter Island, where early settlers wiped out 22 species of sea birds and land birds. By the time the Europeans had arrived, most of the plant life was extinct and nearly 30% of the forests were cleared.

The invasion of New Zealand by the Europeans resulted in a complete transformation of the island, importing over 3,198 species of plants and animals and filling most of the wetlands.

Australia also imported animals and plants from many Pacific island countries. Sheep, pigs, goats and foxes were brought to Australia, which further disrupted the native ecosystems. Many plants and animals are presently endangered.

The plants and animals that inhabit Pacific islands are found nowhere else on earth. They are often adapted to specific habitats and live on a small part of a few islands. New Caledonia is an island that has been isolated from other lands for over 80 million years. 66 percent of the plant life there evolved on the island. Numerous plant species, unique in the world, are on a small area of one mountain and are represented by only a few specimens.

This varied genetic heritage is of such scientific importance that New Caledonia has been listed as one of the ten hot spots where the primary forest is in danger of extinction. It also boasts 68 species of bird; the most diverse bird life in the Southwest Pacific.

During the first Ice Age, ocean levels were much lower than they are at present. Levels in the shallow seas, now separating Asia from North America near the present-day Bering strait, dropped this linked Asia and North America together. The Bering Sea has a long history of stable animal populations, despite the harsh environments, which sustain human life. Lemmings, ox, and mammoths all made the journey across the land bridge. Although mammoths have been extinct for quite a while now, the other two have remained.

Pacific walruses inhabit shallow waters of the Bering Sea during winter. They congregate to feed on clams, their principal food. [A] This type of feeding releases nutrients into the water, providing food for starfish and increasing the roughness of the sea floor. [B] Actual impact of the ecology of bottom communities is unknown, but walruses, along with other animals like beavers, and sea otters, have huge effects m the biological communities they occupy. [C] Animals such as seals, bowhead whales, and walruses are important for the subsistence of their community. [D] Pacific islands have the same pollution and over fishing problems as most countries. Destructive forms of fishing in Asian nations have taken their toll on marine animals such as birds and tuna.

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Many of these nations have now entered joint venture agreements to enable them to develop their marine resources more efficiently.

31.

s closest in meaning to _______.

A. B. C. D.

inhabited exiled traveled governed

A. B. C. D.

arrival extinction climate hunting

32.

33. the passage?

A. to demonstrate its destructive effect on local ecosystems B. C. to show the lack of responsibility that early settlers had toward new places D. to draw a comparison to the way Australia expanded in the Pacific.

34. According to paragraph 5, what is unique about the Pacific Islands?

A. They have a long history of traditional management approaches for marine resources.

B. They are home to rare and unique animals.

C. They are made up of 66% plant life.

D. They have all been damaged by European settlers.

35.

A. genres B. features C. examples D. images 36. According to paragraph 7, how has the Bering Sea aided life forms in the past?

A. By providing creatures with plentiful food B. By being home to a diverse and varied ecosystem C. By allowing transit across the great ice shelves in the Americans D. By keeping creatures cool and comfortable in the ice 37. According to the passage, which of the following is true of walruses?

A. They protect the surrounding ecosystem by preventing over-fishing.

B. Their unique feeding habits enrich the ecosystem with nutrients.

C. They are solitary animals which hunt and eat by themselves.

D. They are usually found living in the deepest regions of the Bering Sea. 38. Which of the following best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Although ecological impacts are not known, many species are largely dependent on animals occupying a sub-level.

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B. The true biological diversity of all the walruses is revealed only below the species level.

C. Beavers and otters are strongly related to the walrus family because there is a clear cause-effect relationship.

D. There is a great deal that still needs to be learned about biological communities and ecosystems.

39. According to paragraph 9, what measures have been taken to protect sea creatures?

A. Protection agencies have begun guarding areas known for high fish population.

B. Destructive fishing methods such as drag-nets have been outlawed.

C. Agreements have been made to ensure that marine resources are used carefully.

D. Restrictions have been placed on amounts permitted to be fished in certain areas.

40. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

Walruses blow the clams loose with a jet of water, then suck them from their shells.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] This is the end of the reading paper.

Now please submit your test paper and your answer sheets.

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- VSTEP Th i gian: 60 phút S câu h i: 2 TASK 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

You live in Ho Chi Minh City. You moved to Manchester to study English three months ago.

You have just received an email from a friend of mine, Sara from London. Read the part of her email below. .....................

Have you still got that part-time job in the fast-food restaurant? It must be a good way of speaking to new people and making friends.

English classes are going well.

Sara Write a reply to Sara. In your email, you have to describe Manchester and the weather there, tell her about your part-time job, the family you are staying with, and your activities in the evening, and final you have to write about your English classes there.

You should write at least 120 words.

TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

In order to solve traffic problems, Vietnamese government should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

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PH N 4: NÓI - VSTEP Th i gian: 12 phút S câu h i: 3

- Do you like walking? When and where do you walk?

- Do you think walking is important?

- Do you think walking in the countryside is better than walking in the city?

- Do you often eat healthy food?

- What do you usually eat at school/ at work?

- What is the unhealthiest food you can think of?

Situation: You are choosing a birthday gift for your friend. There are three suggestions: a book, a music show ticket, and a shopping coupon. Which do you think is the best choice?

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Topic: Cheap air travel should be promoted.

offers a flexible travelling mode

reduces travelling costs

Cheap air travel

[your own ideas]

creates business opportunities

- Do you think that governments should encourage cheap flights?

- Are there any problems with low-cost air travel?

- Cheap air tickets should be offered on domestic flights or international flights?

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THI TH

S

2

PH N 1: NGHE HI U 40 PHÚT PH C HI U 60 PHÚT PH N 3: VI T 60 PHÚT PH N 4: NÓI 12 PHÚT

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PH N 1: NGHE HI U VSTEP Th i gian: 40 phút S câu h i: 35 Directions: In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts in this section with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the recording.

There will be time for you to read the instructions and you will have a chance to check your work.

The recording will be played ONCE only.

Time allowance: about 40 minutes, including 05 minutes to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

PART 1: Questions 1-8 Directions: In the part, you will hear EIGHT short announcements or instructions. There is one question for each announcement or instruction. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, c or D. Then, on the answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer that you have chosen.

Woman: Hello. This is the travel agency returning your call - You left a message about the holiday you've booked, asking which meals are included in the cost during your stay at Sunny Hotel. Lunch and dinner are free but if you wish to have breakfast in the hotel, you will need to pay an extra amount of money, depending on what you order. Let me know if I can help you with any other information. Goodbye.

On the test book, you will read: Which meal is NOT included in the price of the holiday?

E. Breakfast F. Lunch G. Dinner H. All meals The correct 1. Who is probably making talking on the phone?

A. the receptionist at a hotel B. C. a travel agent D. a real estate agent 2. Why has the meeting been relocated?

A. Because a building is being renovated.

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B. Because the North Tower is being painted.

C. Because the South Tower is sold.

D. Because the North Tower is more spacious.

3. What is the main cause of decreased domestic sales?

A. a weak economy B. competition C. retail clothing sector D. domestic economy 4. What should the listeners do before they skate?

A. get permission from the safety coordinator B. wear the proper safety equipment C. pay a nominal fee D. have membership cards 5. What profession does the speaker work in?

A. sports therapy B. sports broadcasting C. physical training D. sports fashion 6.

A. to train staff members B. to oversee a project C. to learn business methods D. to see a client 7. What kind of business would be making this announcement?

A. a gas station B. a hotel C. a restaurant D. a store 8. Why has confidence increased?

A. Because of increased investment B. Because of low inflation C. Because of higher production D. Because of government data PART 2: Questions 9-20 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE conversations. The conversations will not be repeated. There are four questions for each conversation, t or each question, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Questions 9 to 12 refer to the following conversation.

9. What is the problem?

A. B. The copy machine is not working properly.

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C. The man is late for his appointment.

D. 10. Who most likely is the man?

A. an auto mechanic B. a photocopier technician C. a new assistant D. a coffee shop owner 11. What does the man ask the woman to do?

A. to have a clinic check-up B. to turn off the machine C. to check the inside paper jam D. to call another technician 12.

A. In the morning B. During lunch C. In the afternoon D. In the evening Questions 13 to 16 refer to the following conversation.

13.

A. She lost a library book.

B. She does not know where Germany is.

C. The library does not have a book she needs.

D. The library will not let her sign out a book.

14. Why does the woman need to find the book?

A. She wants to borrow it for a friend.

B. She wants it for her essay.

C. She wants to learn about computer systems.

D. She wants to collect it.

15. What does the man offer to do for the woman?

A. He will help her to locate the material she wants from other libraries.

B. He will ask his friends about the material she needs.

C. He asks her to go to the nearest library.

D. He asks her to go to the book store.

16. What if the woman borrow more than 5 books from other libraries?

A. She has to return the books earlier than usual.

B. She has to pay a small service charge.

C. She has to fill in a special form.

D. She has to deposit.

Questions 17 to 20 refer to the following conversation.

17. When is the woman supposed to meet James?

A. At noon B.

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C. At 4.15 D. 18. What can be inferred about James?

A. The low cost of the repair work B. The free service they provided C. The competitive price of their products D. The length of the warranty period 19. What is true about the man?

A. B. teacher.

C. D. He is an irresponsible man.

20. Why does Jane have this appointment?

A. to meet her old friends B. C. to prepare for her exam D. to have an interview PART 3: Questions 21-35 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE talks, lectures or conversations. The talks, lectures, or conversations will not be repeated. There are five questions for each talk, lecture, or conversation. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, C or D. Questions 21 to 25 refer to the following conversation.

21. What did the woman do last night?

A. studied for a final test B. worked on her paper C. stayed in a computer lab D. turned the paper in early 22. What is probably true about the woman?

A. She called Professor Kensington and asked for an extension.

B. She had her friend help to complete her paper.

C. She had plenty of time to complete her paper last night.

D. She completed his paper without help from anyone else.

23. What can be inferred about the man?

A. He is too unhappy to express his anger to the woman.

B. He does not feel the extension was necessary at all.

C. He understands the reasoning behind the extension.

D. He is planning to hand in the paper today no matter what.

24. What is the extension for the assignment submission?

A. They have 1 more day.

B. They have 2 more days.

C. They have 1 more week.

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D. They have 2 more weeks.

25. What is the woman probably going to do next?

A. She is going to revise the paper.

B. She is going to talk with the professor.

C. She is going to submit her paper.

D. She is going to prepare for the exam.

Questions 26- 30 refer to the following conversation.

26. Who is Professor Atkins?

A. a math teacher B. a physics teacher C. a chemistry teacher D. a laboratory manager 27. What is the acceptable range of difference of the textbook?

A. 4% or 5% B. 10% C. less than 10% D. 45% 28. What will the woman most likely do?

A. redo the experiment in the evenings B. ask the professor for more time C. hand in the experiment as it is D. lower her results by 10% from the textbook.

29. When is the experiment due day?

A. Tomorrow B. Next week C. Tuesday D. Friday 30. What does the professor advise Julie to do?

A. spend more time in the lab B. clean the tubes before the experiment C. ask someone to help her D. meet him after class hours in the lab 31. What is true about Alaska?

A. It is the second largest stale in the USA. B. It is bordered by Canada on the East.

C. It is smaller than California and Texas combined.

D. It is populous.

32. What is the average number of students in the middle school classroom?

A. 10 B. 15 C. 20

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D. 25 33. Which of the following is a popular transportation system in Alaska?

A. airplanes B. ships C. railways D. a complex highway system 34. What will the professor probably talk about in the next class?

A. The volcanic eruption of Mount Katmai in the early 20th century B. The type of airplanes used by Alaskans to move from point to point C. The amount of food imported by the Alaskans to balance out their miniscule farming production D. The effects of seismic sea waves that reach far inland and destroy communities 35. What does the professor feel about life in Alaska?

A. It is a fantastic place to dwell for anyone.

B. It is probably not very desirable for some to live in.

C. It is not a place that he knows much about.

D. It is a peaceful place without any worries to think about.

This is the end of the listening paper.

Now you have 05 MINUTES to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

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PH

C HI U VSTEP Th i gian: 60 phút S câu h i: 40

Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1- Questions 1-10 Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways.

Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, results when testing whether the diet is effective.

1. The topic of this passage is _______________.

A. reactions to foods B. food and nutrition C. infants and allergies D. a good diet 2. According to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to ___________.

A. the vast number of different foods we eat

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B. lack of a proper treatment plan C. the similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems D. the use of prepared formula to feed babies 3. The word "symptoms" is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. indications B. diet C. diagnosis D. prescriptions 4. The phrase "set off" is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. relieved B. identified C. avoided D. triggered 5. What can be inferred about babies from this passage?

A. They can eat almost anything.

B. They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.

C. They gain little benefit from being breast fed.

D. They may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.

6. The word "hyperactive" is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. overly active B. unusually low activity C. excited D. inquisitive 7. The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant's ___________.

A. lack of teeth B. poor metabolism C. underdeveloped intestinal tract D. inability to swallow solid foods 8. The word "these" refers to ___________.

A. food additives B. food colorings C. innutritious foods D. foods high in salicylates 9. Which of the following was a suggested treatment for migraines in the passage?

A. eating more ripe bananas B. avoiding all oriental foods C. getting plenty of sodium nitrate D. using vitamin b in addition to a good diet 10. According to the article the Feingold diet is NOT ___________.

A. verified by researchers as being consistently effective B. available in book form C. beneficial for hyperactive children D. designed to eliminate foods containing certain food additives

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PASSAGE 2- Questions 11-20 Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, "The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur".

What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

11. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to the business world.

B. The computer is especially lucrative for women today.

C. Women are better at small businesses than men are D. Women today are opening more businesses of their own.

12. The word "excluded" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A. not permitted in B. often invited to C. decorators of D. charged admission to

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13. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the business world EXCEPT A. Women were required to stay at home with their families B. Women lacked ability to work in business C. Women faced discrimination in business D. Women were not trained in business 14. In line 17, "that" refers to A. women working hard B. a woman becomes chairman of the board C. women achieving advanced degrees D. women believing that business is a place for them 15. According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in the 1970s A. were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management B. were still more interested in education than business opportunities C. had fewer obstacles in business than they do today D. were unable to work hard enough to succeed in business 16. The author mentions the "shoebox under the bed" in the third paragraph in order to A. show the frugality of women in business B. show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig C. point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig's business were limited D. suggest that the company needed to expand 17. In the third paragraph, the word "this" refers to A. women becoming entrepreneurs B. women buying cosmetics and clothing C. women working in "women's fields" D. women staying at home 18. The word "hurdles" in the third paragraph can be best replaced by A. fences B. obstacles C. questions D. small groups 19. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses operated by women are small because A. Women prefer a small intimate setting B. Women can't deal with money C. Women are not able to borrow money easily D. Many women fail at large businesses 20. The author's attitude about the future of women in business is __________.

A. skeptical B. optimistic C. frustrated D. negative

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PASSAGE 3 Questions 21-30 Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship between two dissimilar organisms. They assist each other with feeding, defending, and reproducing. In symbiosis, at least one of the pair benefits from the relationship. The other may be injured (parasitism), unaltered (commensalism), or may also benefit (mutualism).

An interesting mutually dependent relationship exists between the pine and the pinon jay. Blue pinon jays settle on the tops of pine trees and pick at the dark round seeds from the sticky cones.

They store the seeds in their throats, fly off and hide them somewhere, and then return to repeat the process again. It seems the reproductive cycle of a pine jay corresponds with the ripening of inon jays for distribution of the seeds.

Seeds are stored in the bark of a tree or in the ground. Using their long bills, pinon jays plant and store them for later consumption. Their throats can expand to hold a large number of seeds; one pinon jay has been reported carrying 50 seeds in one trip. After they have planted the seeds, they return to eat them. Using their bills like a woodpecker, they hammer the seed until the shell breaks.

Any unrecovered nuts are then grown into new trees. This fascinating relationship has been ongoing for thousands of years.

When both species benefit each other, this is called mutualism. An example of mutualism is a plant and fungi. The fungus occupies the cortex cells of the secondary roots of the plant. This relationsh It helps the plant absorb inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil. Some fungi also produce antibiotics which may prevent the invasion of parasitic fungi and bacteria. Another example of mutualism is pollination. Bees carry pollen from one plant to the next when they seek out plants for nectar. They feed themselves on the nectar, and the plants reproduce after fertilization by the pollen from other plants.

Mutualism can also bring together two very different organisms, for example, a buffalo and an ox bird. These birds journey on the backs of African buffalo eating their parasites. The bird receives food, and the buffalo is rid of irritating insects. There are also a number of fish that provide an excellent example of m dead skin found on other fish. The bestthe Pacific and Indian oceans. They clean large predatory fish by eating tissue and parasites off their skin. This relationship provides food and protection for the wrasse and several health benefits for the other fish.

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The other two types of symbiosis, besides mutualism, are commensalism and parasitism. [A] Commensalism refers to a symbiotic relationship where one organism eats the unused food of another. [B] One benefits, but the other is not affected. Examples include the remora and the shark. The remora attaches itself to the shark, when the shark feeds itself, the remora picks up scraps. [C] One example of commensalism in humans is bacteria living in our intestines that feed on food in our gut. [D] In parasitism, one organism benefits and the .other is harmed. Parasites live off the body of other organisms and receive nourishment from their tissues, while also inflicting damage on their hosts. Plants are parasitized by bacteria, fungi, and a handful of other plants. Parasites cause harm by entering the tissue of the host for their own nutritional benefit.

None of these relationships are fixed, and it is likely that what starts as a parasitic relationship may gradually evolve into a mutualistic one. For example, in 1966, amebas were discovered that had become infected with bacteria. However, after five years, it was found that the core of the amebas had become dependent on the bacteria; thus, parasitism had evolved into mutualism.

Unfortunately, the inverse is also possible; mutualistic associations may evolve into parasitic ones.

21. According to paragraph 2, what does the pinon jay do for the pine tree?

A. It gives the tree important nutrition.

B. It provides a primary means of seed dissemination for pinon trees.

C. It keeps the tree free from parasites.

D. It helps the tree produce larger seeds.

22. meaning to ________.

A. matches B. includes C. exposes D. protects 23. According to paragraph 3, how does the blue pinon jay store the seeds for later?

A. By holding up to 50 in its mouth B. By burying them in the ground C. By protecting them in its nest D. By allowing them to develop into new trees 24.

A. bacteria B. mutualism C. mycorrhiza D. fungus 25. According to paragraph 5, what is an example of a mutual relationship?

A. an animal eating parasites from another B. an animal licking the body of another C. an animal providing protection for another D. an animal keeping another awake and alert 26.

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A. explain the details behind a mutualist association B. demonstrate a connection between an active parasite picker and host C. show how one animal can benefit from the acts of another D. give an example of one animal causing the suffering of another 27. Which of the following best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. There are many types of creatures that are very well developed and have the strength to support other species.

B. Sometimes, the organisms supplying parasites are very harmful to the hosts.

C. Some animals are selfish and only cause damage to their hosts.

D. Organisms which must depend on others die easily because they are not strong.

28.

A. slowly B. increasingly C. constantly D. rapidly 29. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an example of mutualism?

A. a plant and its fungi B. pollen transfer from one plant to another C. the remora and the shark D. a buffalo and an ox bird 30. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

They are completely safe and may possibly help us, hence a commensalism relationship.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] PASSAGE 4 Questions 31-40 Earth has several distinct layers; the outermost of these is the crust, which has an inconsistent thickness of 35-70 km in the continents and 5-10 km in the ocean basins. The second layer is known as the mantle, which is about 2900 km thick, and divided into an upper and lower mantle. velocity zone, where secondary waves decrease rapidly and then gradually increase. The last layer is the core. This is a thick ball of iron and nickel divided into two layers, the inner core and the outer core.

The inner core is solid, whereas the outer core is so hot that the metal is always molten. However, because the force at the inner core is so immense, it cannot melt. Due

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iron, nickel and other elements, probably a mix of carbon, oxygen, sulphur, silicon, and potassium.

The temperature is extremely high, and due to pressure, the core is solid. Because the outer core is liquid, mainly consisting of iron, nickel and about 10% oxygen and sulphur, here the temperature is not as high. . The core has a huge influence on Earth. Because it is so hot, it radiates a natural heat to the upper layers, setting off a rotation, the outer core spins, but the inner core does not because it is solid. This provides a sort A seismic wave is a wave that travels through Earth; it is often the result of a tectonic earthquake. There are two kinds of seismi waves do exist, but are of little importance. Body waves travel through the center of following ray to temperature, phase, and structure. Body waves send out the first tremors of an earthquake as well as any later ones. compression waves, meaning the ground is alternately compressed and expanded in the direction of propagation. These waves can travel slightly faster through solids than secondary waves can, and are also able to travel through any type of material. Through air, they take the form of sound waves and so travel at the speed of sound.

Primary waves, when created by an earthquake, are less destructive than sound waves due to their minor amplitudes. Secondary waves are tilted waves; in other words, the ground is shifted vertically in the direction of transmission. Here, the ground moves from one side to the other.

Secondary waves are only able to travel through solids, not liquids or gases, and thus are unable secondary waves are usually produced by earthquakes and volcanoes. However, they can also be produced by people using explosives or large machinery. at slower speeds than body waves. Surface waves can be the most devastating type of seismic wave due to their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude. In theory, they are understood as a system which relates to primary and secondary waves.

[A] The moment an earthquake occurs, seismographs try to record its primary and secondary waves, but often they cannot detect the secondary waves of a distant earthquake.

[B] This may be due to the fact that secondary waves are unable to pass through liquids. [C] This information about wave travel helps scientists determine the internal structure of the planet. [D] 31. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of the low-velocity zone A. It causes the high-frequency stimulation.

B. Its width is consistent with the fault zone.

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C. It induces regionally extensive oscillations.

D. It is located just above the lower crustal boundary.

32.

A. compressed B. dilated C. immeasurable D. varied 33. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT true about the inner core?

A. B. It is always molten and liquid.

C. It is under a lot of pressure.

D. It mainly consists of iron, nickel and some lighter elements.

34. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is the reason for tectonic plate movement?

A. The convection of heat from the core B. The gravitational effect of the core C. The powerful magnetic forces of the core D. The spinning of the inner and outer core together 35. Why does the A. to show that primary waves are far more powerful than secondary waves B. to demonstrate the effect of seismic waves on the earth C. D. to explain that scientific detection methods are very efficient 36.

A. change B. period C. heat D. construction 37.

A. faint B. destructive C. productive D. quiet 38. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Although primary and secondary waves would be recorded, the secondary waves are not strong enough to be detected at a distance.

B. Seismic waves are too small to be felt as a noticeable earthquake, but detectable by seismographs.

C. Secondary waves can be generated as a result of nonlinear interaction, so seismographs cannot detect them.

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D. Because of extensive fault repetition, the primary wave is the most powerful force in an earthquake.

39. It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following about earthquakes in the world?

A. Volcanoes would not exist if earthquakes never happened.

B. They are caused by the force of primary waves hitting the crust.

C. D. There is no more destructive thing in the world.

40. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

For example, with the use of secondary waves, scientists were able to suggest that Earth has a liquid out core.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] This is the end of the reading paper.

Now please submit your test paper and your answer sheets.

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- VSTEP Th i gian: 60 phút S câu h i: 2 TASK 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

You live in Ho Chi Minh City. You just took a trip to Ha Long Bay with an English friend named Daisy. You received an email from her after she returned to London. Read part of her email below. .....................

I hope you like the photos we took in Ha Long Bay. Did you get home all right?

where we could go?

Daisy Write a reply to Daisy. In your email, you have to tell her that you really like the photos and the time you got together, describe a problem you had at the airport to her and suggest the time and place for the next trip.

You should write at least 120 words.

TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Recent advances in technology leads the fact that human workforce is gradually with machinery.

What are some problems caused by this trend, and how could they be dealt with?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.

You should write at least 250 words.

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PH N 4: NÓI - VSTEP Th i gian: 12 phút S câu h i: 3

- What kind of weather do you like?

- Does weather affect your mood/ feeling?

- What do you usually do in hot/ cold weather?

- What game(s) did you enjoy playing when you were a child?

- Who do you play with?

- Did you need any skills to play the game?

Situation: You are planning your holiday. There are three suggestions: a beach holiday, a climbing holiday, and a sight-seeing holiday. Which do you think is the best choice for you?

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Part 3: Topic Topic: Music should be taught in schools.

can be relaxing

improves memory

Music education

[your own ideas]

helps develop language and reasoning

- Should children be encouraged to learn music early?

- How would life be without music?

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THI TH

S

3

PH N 1: NGHE HI U 40 PHÚT PH C HI U 60 PHÚT PH N 3: VI T 60 PHÚT PH N 4: NÓI 12 PHÚT

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PH N 1: NGHE HI U VSTEP Th i gian: 40 phút S câu h i: 35 Directions: In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts in this section with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the recording.

There will be time for you to read the instructions and you will have a chance to check your work.

The recording will be played ONCE only.

Time allowance: about 40 minutes, including 05 minutes to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

PART 1: Questions 1-8 Directions: In the part, you will hear EIGHT short announcements or instructions. There is one question for each announcement or instruction. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, c or D. Then, on the answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer that you have chosen.

Woman: Hello. This is the travel agency returning your call - You left a message about the holiday you've booked, asking which meals are included in the cost during your stay at Sunny Hotel. Lunch and dinner are free but if you wish to have breakfast in the hotel, you will need to pay an extra amount of money, depending on what you order. Let me know if I can help you with any other information. Goodbye.

On the test book, you will read: Which meal is NOT included in the price of the holiday?

A. B. C. D.

Breakfast Lunch Dinner All meals

1. Why is the speaker apologizing?

A. to schedule a checkup B. to delay a meeting C. to confirm an appointment D. to request some files 2. Why would Daniel Jergens like to reschedule the meeting?

A. to satisfied a request from barrier associates

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3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

B. to complete the purchase more quickly C. to reconsider the contract D. to avoid the severe weather condition Why will the information technology division be relocating earlier?

A. Because of an increase in staff B. Because of an interruption of network service C. Because of the full relocation D. Because of the high release costs What is the message mainly about?

A. A question about substituting order items B. A question about the number of the items C. The list of items that will be delivered D. The shipping service that will be used What is the purpose of the talk?

A. to address customer complaints B. to discuss a presentation C. to celebrate a new contact D. to hand out assignments Who most likely is the speaker?

A. a landlord B. a business executive C. a real estate agent D. a police officer What will be provided for the travelers?

A. a free flight B. meal vouchers C. winter clothing D. hotel rooms What is the celebration for?

A. a merger B. an anniversary C. a new CEO D. a stock offering

PART 2: Questions 9-20 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE conversations. The conversations will not be repeated. There are four questions for each conversation, t or each question, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Questions 9 to 12 refer to the following conversation.

9. Where most likely is the plumber now?

A. He is having lunch.

B. He is working somewhere else.

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C. He is at home relaxing.

D. He is doing a favor for the man.

10. When is the plumber expected to arrive?

A. B. C. D. 11. Where is the man going?

A. to meet a client B. to talk to the plumber C. to fix the pipe D. to have lunch 12. When will the man come back to his office?

A. B. C. D. Questions 13 to 16 refer to the following conversation.

13. When is the conference scheduled to take place?

A. Today B. Tomorrow C. Next week D. Next month 14. Why will John miss the conference?

A. He is going on a business trip.

B. He is taking a vacation in Europe.

C. He has too much work.

D. He has to review the videos.

15. Where has the man just been to for a business trip?

A. Chicago B. Toronto C. Europe D. Asia 16. Why is the man thanking the woman?

A. She offered to give him a ride.

B. She will lend him her video recorder.

C. She will go to the seminar in his place.

D. She will record the sessions he wants to see.

Questions 17 to 20 refer to the following conversation.

17. Where is the conversation most likely taking place?

A. In a truck B. At a bus stop

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C. In a warehouse D. At an electronics store 18. When will the computers arrive at the store?

A. In 5 minutes B. In 15 minutes C. By this evening D. By tomorrow morning 19. Who most likely the man is?

A. a manager B. a director C. a secretary D. a blue worker 20. What will the man do next?

A. call the electronics shop B. talk to the truck driver C. turn on the computer D. lift some boxes PART 3: Questions 21-35 Directions: In this part, you will hear THREE talks, lectures or conversations. The talks, lectures, or conversations will not be repeated. There are five questions for each talk, lecture, or conversation. For each question, choose the right answer A, B, C or D. Questions 21 to 25 refer to the following lecture.

21. What is the main topic in this lecture?

A. Russian leaders B. The Cold War C. The wars between the USR and the US D. The impacts of the Cold War 22. Why did the US and the USSR never actually fight each other?

A. Because the USSR has nuclear weapons.

B. Because the US were afraid of Stalin.

C. Because they did not want to destroy the world.

D. Because nuclear power could destroy the US. 23. According to the professor, how long did the Cold War last?

A. around 50 years B. around 60 years C. around 70 years D. around 80 years 24. What can be inferred from the lecture?

A. The Cold War was caused by different opinions.

B. The Cold War was a long, violent war between the US and USSR. C. The Cold War was an important time in history of the US and the USSR.

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D. The Cold War changed the world dramatically.

25. How does the professor describe the main topic?

A. by comparing and contrasting B. by giving example C. by listing the events chronologically D. by giving definitions Questions 26- 30 refer to the following lecture.

26. What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The way the eye sees colors B. The steps to paint in a Neo-Impressionism style C. The artists who learned from Seurat D. The difference between painting styles 27.

A. He thinks painting in brush strokes is a better way.

B. He is surprised that so many artists are good at it.

C. He thinks it is difficult to learn.

D. 28. According to the professor, why did Seurat not blend his paint?

A. He thought it would ruin the paints.

B. He thought mixed paints did not look real.

C. He thought blended paints made painting look too divided.

D. He thought it would make the art bright.

29. What is true about Georges Seurat?

A. He was the best artist at his time.

B. He was proud of his painting style.

C. He used brush strokes to make the pictures brighter.

D. 30. How did the professor organize the information about this way of painting?

A. B. By describing only other styles C. By comparing Seurat and other Neo-Impressionists D. By comparing Neo-Impressionism and other styles.

31. What is the lecture about?

A. The feeding habits of snakes B. How certain snakes protect themselves C. The most dangerous snakes in the world D. The different uses of snake poison 32.

A. To show how the rattlesnake is more dangerous than other snakes B. To compare the rattlesnake to less scary animals C. To explain how the rattlesnake scares of animals

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D. To describe how the rattlesnake uses its tail to hunt 33. According to the professor, where does the spitting cobra spray its poison?

A. At the animal it is hunting B. At other snakes C. At the tongue of an animal that is attacking it D. At the eyes of an animal that is attacking it 34.

A. She is amazed by it.

B. She thinks that it is stupid.

C. She thinks that it is the best snakes.

D. She thinks that it is the most dangerous.

35. What can be inferred from the lecture?

A. The spitting cobra rattles its tail.

B. The hognose snake pretends to be sick.

C. D. There are no creatures that eat snakes.

This is the end of the listening paper.

Now you have 05 MINUTES to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

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PH

C HI U VSTEP Th i gian: 60 phút S câu h i: 40

Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1- Questions 1-10 This rapid transcontinental settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances of the last half of the 19th century were accompanied by the development of a national literature of great abundance and variety. New themes, new forms, new subjects, new regions, new authors, new audiences all emerged in the literature of this half century.

As a result, at the onset of World War I, the spirit and substance of American literature had evolved remarkably, just as its center of production had shifted from Boston to New York in the late 1880s and the sources of its energy to Chicago and the Midwest. No longer was it produced, at least in its popular forms, in the main by solemn, typically moralistic men from New England and the Old South; no longer were polite, well-dressed, grammatically correct, middle-class young people the only central characters in its narratives; no longer were these narratives to be set in exotic places and remote times; no longer, indeed, were fiction, poetry, drama, and formal history the chief acceptable forms of literary expression; no longer, finally, was literature read primarily by young, middle class women.

In sum, American literature in these years fulfilled in considerable measure the condition Walt Whitman called for in 1867 in describing Leaves of Grass: it treats, he said of his own major work, American psychology, many of them impelled by the spirit of exposure and reform. Just as America learned

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to play a role in this half century as an autonomous international political, economic, and military power, so did its literature establish itself as a producer of major works.

1. The main idea of this passage is _______________.

A. that the new American literature was less provincial than the old B. that World War I caused a dramatic change in America C. that centers of culture shifted from East to West D. that most people were wary of the new literature 2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the previous passage probably discussed_____________ A. the importance of tradition to writers B. new developments in industrialization and population shifts C. the fashions and values of 19th century America D. the limitations of American literature to this time 3. evolved A. became famous B. turned back C. diminished D. changed 4. it A. the population B. the energy C. American literature D. the manufacturing 5. exotic A. urban B. unusual C. well-known D. old-fashioned 6. indeed A. to emphasize the contrast he is making B. for variety in a lengthy paragraph C. to wind down his argument D. to show a favorable attitude to these forms of literature 7. The phrase in the third paragraph refers to ___________.

A. 1850-1900 B. the 1900s C. the early 1800s D. the present 8. It can be inferred from the passage that Walt Whitman_____________ A. disliked urban life B. was disapproving of the new literature

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C. wrote Leaves of Grass D. was an international diplomat 9. All of the following can be inferred from the passage about the new literature EXCEPT____________ A. It was not highly regarded internationally.

B. It introduced new American themes, characters, and settings C. It broke with many literary traditions of the past D. It spoke to the issue of reform and change 10. This passage would probably be read in which of the following academic courses?

A. European history B. American literature C. Current events D. International affairs PASSAGE 2- Questions 11-20 When Daniel Boone died peacefully in bed in his son Nathan's elegant stone Missouri farmhouse on September 26, 1820, the surge of emigrants along the Oregon Trail was still a generation away.

But Boone already exemplified the pioneer at his best. He was neither the physical giant (five feet nine) nor the innocent child of nature that legend has made of him. He was an intelligent, soft spoken family man who cherished the same wife for 57 years. He befriended Indians, preferred company to solitude, and when he told his wife it was time to move because a newcomer had settled some 70 miles away, he was joking. Pennsylvania-born, Boone was one of 11 children in a family of Quakers who migrated to North Carolina. There Boone was recruited at age 40 to undertake a scheme designed to open up Kentucky to settlers and establish it as a 14th colony. He arranged a deal by which the Cherokees sold 20 million acres for $20,000 worth of goods to Boone's employers, the Transylvania Company. It was all fair and square the Indians had an attorney, an interpreter, and the sound advice of their squaws. The deal completed, Boone led a party from Tennessee through the Cumberland Gap, hacked out the Wilderness Road, and set up a town Boonesboro and a government. Elected a legislator, he introduced on the first session's first day a bill to protect game against wanton slaughter and a second bill to "improve the breed of horses." He got 2,000 acres for his work, but after the Revolution in which Boone won considerable fame as a militia commander-the scheme of the Transylvania Company was declared illegal and Boone lost his land. Undaunted, he staked out more claims-and lost them because he impatiently neglected to register his deeds. Ever hopeful, he accepted an invitation from Spanish-held Missouri to come and settle there and bring others with him. The Spanish gave him 8,500 acres and made him a judge. But the Louisiana Purchase, which embraced Missouri, again left him but not his children landless. Old and broke, Boone cheerfully continued hunting and trapping long after his hands shook. Shortly before he died, he was talking knowledgeably with young men about the joys to be experienced in settling California.

11. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

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A. to chronicle the life of a model pioneer B. to romanticize the legend of Daniel Boone C. to show Boone's many successes on the frontier D. to trace Boone's explorations in Kentucky, Missouri, and Louisiana 12. It can be inferred that one area in which Boone was NOT successful was A. Politics B. hunting and trapping C. business D. the military 13. The phrase "fair and square" in lines 16 is closest in meaning to A. honest B. simple C. efficient D. lucrative 14. It can be inferred from the passage that Boone died ___________.

A. a rich man B. an eternal optimist C. in California D. a lonely trapper 15. According to the passage, where is Boone's namesake city located?

A. In North Carolina B. In Transylvania C. In Kentucky D. In Missouri 16. The Transylvania Company wanted Boone to _________.

A. settle Kentucky B. be fair to the Indians C. ensure animal rights D. claim Missouri 17. The word "undaunted" in the passage is closest in meaning to __________.

A. unscrupulous B. fearless C. undiscouraged D. uninformed 18. According to the passage, the Louisiana Purchase ____________.

A. legitimized Boone's land claim in Missouri B. revoked the earlier Spanish bequest to Boone C. drove the Spanish from the East D. excluded Missouri from its jurisdiction 19. What can be inferred from the passage about Boone's children?

A. They were better off financially than Boone.

B. They supported Boone's desire to settle new areas.

C. They lived in Kentucky.

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D. They had no land due to Boone's bad investments.

20. The author's attitude toward Daniel Boone in the passage can be best described as A. admiring B. critical C. admonishing D. indifferent

PASSAGE 3 Questions 21-30 The Solar System, as we know it, contains over 178 objects winch revolve around our central star, or the Sun. Some of these. Objects can be seen from Earth with the unaided eye or an earthbased telescope, but the majority have only been detected through the development of instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope, or unmanned probes like Voyager. These instruments operate composition and behavior of objects in the Solar System, which has enabled researchers to hypothesize their origins.

[A] disturbed by some major event in space, possibly a supernova, about five billion years ago and began to collapse under its own gravity, forming a cloud. [B] The center of the cloud became so hot that it eventually exploded into a star with the cooler gases flowing around it. [C] In time, the gases condensed into dust, metals, and various kinds of ice in the cold outer reaches of space. [D] These solid particles collided with each other to form larger objects, or asteroids, as they continued to spin around our central star.

As these asteroids increased in size, their gravity began to pull in all the material in their immediate surroundings, and the largest of these went on to become planets. The very different composition of the inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) and the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn. Neptune and Uranus) has led astronomers to hypothesize that their distances from the Sun caused them to develop at different rates and in different ways. According to the most widely-held opinions, the planets closest to the Sun, where all the ice particles were vaporized due to the incredible heat, were formed mostly of rock, silicates, and metals with high melting points.

These particles collided and were pulled together by gravity. These inner planets have thin atmospheres or none at all, and few, if any, satellites, which would indicate that most of the available material was either pulled into their own gravity or burned away in the heat of the Sun. The inner and outer planets are separated by an asteroid belt, consisting of material that was not particles escaped destruction by the Sun, four larger planets formed over a longer period of time in a far colder e

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centrifugal force. About a million years after the cooling of the original nebula, the Sun began to emit a stream of charged protons and elections known as solar wind which blew the remaining gases outwards, to be sucked in by the outer planets which became gas giants. These planets attracted many objects in their vast gravity fields, some of which are big enough to be termed ed rings around the planets.

The discovery of more objects in the Solar System in recent times has led to the need for further classification. Far beyond the outer planets lies Pluto, which was originally considered to be the ninth planet, but which has since been found to be a binary system of two dwarf planets, the other ce composition which is similar to that of a comet. At one time, also thought to be a moon of Neptune, Pluto/Charon was reclassified in 2006 as one of three dwarf planets discovered so far, the others being Eris and Ceres.

Scientific knowledge is only as good as the ability of scientists to collect evidence, so as new advances are made in astronomy, the present theories may be disproved, as in the case of Pluto.

The above account represents the consensus of current opinions on the matter.

21. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the role of the Hubble Space Telescope?

A. It is too defective for our scientists to come up with definite answers to the origin of the universe.

B. Scientists discovered billions of new planets by combining measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope with Voyager measurements.

C. It solved the age of the universe and measured the age of what may be the youngest galaxy ever seen in the universe.

D. It has helped unveil many mysteries or queries about our universe.

22. the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

A. make-up B. musical C. evolution D. revolution 23.

A. broken B. attracted C. evolution D. revolution 24. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Planets formed from gases and dust particles after comets collided with the Sun. B. According to scientists, the manner in which planets developed was wholly dependent

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C. The dissimilar make-up of the planets closest to the Sun and those farthest from the Sun suggests that their distance from the Sun affected their formation.

D. Scientists believe the Sun evolved from the composition of several older planets in the solar system.

25. According to paragraph 4, the inner and outer planets ate separated by what?

A. an asteroid belt B. a star C. comets D. a moon 26. According to the passage, all of the following are true about out solar system EXCEPT ________.

A. Planets nearest the Sun were formed mostly of rock.

B. There continue to be new discoveries as technology improves.

C. Colliding asteroids eventually formed planets.

D. Most of the comets in the solar system can be seen with the naked eye during an annular solar eclipse.

27.

A. B. to introduce the concept of planet formation C. to show that new discoveries are always occurring D. to introduce the distinction between planets and dwarf planets 28. It can be inferred from the passage that the planets _______.

A. broke off from the rapidly spinning Moon B. collided more frequently, to spur the formation and growth of protoplanets C. were initially asteroids D. were formed by the collision of massive objects circling black hole in eccentric orbits 29.

A. A nebula collapsed under its gravity.

B. A black hole exploded and merged to create the universe.

C. A super being wished it into existence.

D. The Sun collapsed in on itself.

30. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

This cloud began to rotate rapidly as it got smaller and denser and heated up to several thousand degrees, causing some of its elements to vaporize into gas.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] PASSAGE 4 Questions 31-40

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a method of producing electricity developed from the temperature difference that subsists between deep and shallow waters. It converts solar gradient to direct a powerproducing cycle. To produce a significant amount of power, the temperature between warm water on the surface and deep cold water should differ by about 2U degrees Celsius. On average, 23 million square miles of tropical seas absorb an amount of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 million barrels of oil. If less than one tenth of this could be converted into electric power, it would provide more than 20 times the total amount of electricity utilized in America on any given day.

Oceans are a huge renewable resource with the possibility of producing millions of watts of electric power. Some experts think the cold, deep seawater that is used in the OTEC process is rich in nutrients and, therefore, can be used to culture marine and plant life on shore or on land There are certain conditions which have to be met to enable OTEC to work. First, commercial OTEC facilities must be located in an environment that is stable enough for efficient system operation. This means that they must be built on land or submerged on the continental shelf. In addition, the natural ocean thermal gradient necessary for OTEC operation is generally found between latitudes 20° N and 20° S. The temperature of the surface water must differ from that of deep water and allowances should be made for a wide- open space. Tropical islands meet the requirements for a wide space, so they are areas for OTEC development. Land-based facilities offer advantages. For example, plants do not require extensive maintenance, and they can be installed in sheltered areas, safe from storms and general bad weather. Land-based sites allow OTEC plants to function with related industries. til 1930 that a system was built, producing 22kw of electricity. Another was constructed sometime later, but it was destroyed by waves. In 1980, the U.S department of energy built a site for OTEC heat exchangers on board a navy ship. Tests revealed that OTEC systems are able to function on slow moving ships and are of little consequence to the surrounding marine environment.

In 1981, Japan established a closed-cycle plant in the Pacific Ocean, producing 40,000 watts of electricity. In May 1993, another 50,000 watts of electricity was produced. However, it was an impractical energy source as the materials used were expensive. Currently, scientists are continuing to develop more cost effective and open-cycle QTEC systems. An integrated OTEC system can help create harmonious, self-sustaining island communities, independent of imported fossil fuels and their associated costs.

Tidal energy is another form of ocean energy caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, and the rotation of the Earth. When tides come into shore, they can be trapped in reservoirs behind dams. Then when the tide lowers, the water behind the dam can be released, functioning similarly to a hydroelectric power plant Tidal dams can change the tidal level. In the local basin, affecting the navigation. The prime disadvantage is the effect a tidal station has on plants and animals.

However, tidal fences, which are also used to channel the energy of tides, have less environmental impact than traditional sources of power such as fossil fuels or nuclear power, and are cheaper to install.

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Turbines are devices with blades attached to a central rod that spin when a force hits the blades.

[A] This spinning motion is extremely practical. The first turbine used was the undershot waterwheel, probably the oldest type of waterwheel dating bade over 2,000 years. [B] Waterwheels and windmills were the first turbines; their wooden blades captured the power of wind or rivers to lift water for irrigation or to rotate huge stones to grind grain. [C] t until the 1880s, when the generator was first invented, that people began using turbines to produce electricity. [D] 31. According to paragraph 1, OTEC uses what to produce power?

A. B. The salt in the ocean C. The seawater temperature differences D. 32.

A. take in B. reject C. work together with D. make efficient 33.

A. consumed B. released C. used D. transformed 34. example of __________.

A. the requirements for the perfect OTEC settlement B. the specific requirements needed for OTEC to work C. the careful calculations and considerations needed in OTEC D. why water based programs are always superior to land-based ones 35. According to paragraph 5, what does the author say was the main problem with the closed cycle plant in the Pacific Ocean?

A. It was damaged by the salt water.

B. It was environmentally damaging to the area.

C. It could not generate electricity without pollution.

D. The overall cost was far too high to be economically feasible.

36. Which of the following best expressed the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The beauty of the OTEC system is that it allows islands to be self-sufficient.

B. The OTEC system could prove to lead the world in an age of co-dependency.

C. A completely autonomous, cost effective society could be created by the system.

D. The system could mean that societies are no longer dependent on fossil fuels.

37. According to paragraph 6, which of the following is true of tidal energy?

A. It is derived from the hydrological climate cycle.

B. It is based on the small fluctuation of tide in a given area.

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C. It has no environmental and ecological effects on local inhabitants.

D. It needs a barrage to convert tidal energy into electricity.

38. closest in meaning to ________.

A. unnecessary B. swift C. useful D. sensitive 39. The following are all characteristics of the OTEC system EXCEPT ________.

A. It seeks to harness the temperature difference.

B. It is not technically feasible for the production of base load electricity.

C. It can be practiced on slow moving ships.

D. It can create self-sufficient systems.

40. Look at the four squares [ _ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

It was turned by water flowing under the wheel and striking the boards.

Where would the sentence best fit?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D] This is the end of the reading paper.

Now please submit your test paper and your answer sheets.

- VSTEP Th i gian: 60 phút S câu h i: 2 TASK 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Your English-speaking friend, Clare, has recently gone to live in another city. Read part of her email below: ..................... certainly been very busy since I moved here

there have been all sorts of things happening!

ive here people that I miss of course!

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It would be really good if you could come and stay with me here, perhaps in a couple of months when I really settle down. What do you think?

Keep in touch.

Clare

Write a reply to Clare. In your email, you have to ask her what is happening to her, tell her to describe her new home, ask her to tell you what and who she misses after she moved there and suggest the time when you can visit her.

You should write at least 120 words.

TASK 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Some people argue that we have to think twice before deciding to eat fast food because of some health problems it may cause, while others believe that this kind of food is a good choice for those with a very busy life.

Which opinion do you agree with?

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

You should write at least 250 words.

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PH N 4: NÓI - VSTEP Th i gian: 12 phút S câu h i: 3 Part 1: Social Interaction - Do you live to live in a noisy place or a quiet place?

- What kind of noise disturb you most?

- Does noise affect your health?

- What is your favorite photograph?

- When was it taken?

- What makes the photograph special to you?

Situation: You are thinking about how to spend your evening. There are three suggestions: hanging out with friends, reading books, and surfing the Internet. Explain your choice.

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Topic: There are several ways for people to make friends.

joining social events

forrming interestbased group

How to make friends

[your own ideas]

attending parties

- Should we trust online friends? Why or why not?

- What factors can contribute to a true friendship?

- Which one is more important: family or friends?

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NG D N LÀM ANSWER KEY

S

1

LISTENING

PART 1: 1C

2B

3D

4A

5C

6C

7A

8B

11 A

12 B

13B

14 A

15 C

16 C

17 C

18 B

19 B

20 B

24 B

25 B

26 C

27 C

28 C

29 A

30 D

31 C

32 B

PART 2: 9C

10 B

PART 3: 21 C

22 B

23 D

33 A

34 A

35 C

SCRIPTS: v i câu h

c bài t p nghe này các b n c n bi t nh ng t c gi i thi u t

i, u

Q.1: What is the purpose of the message? just wanted to confirm your appointment for your annual physical checkup on Friday, June 27

a file for you. If you cannot make the appointment, please contact the office and let us know at least a day in advance. Thanks.

Confirm: xác nh n Q.2: What is being advertised?

-time membership or just a day of relaxation, Istanbul Spa has something for you! We have several different services full-day service including a full-body massage, aromatherapy and a facial for just one low price. You can also enjoy our hospitality with a healthy and refreshing beverage at our tea lounge.

Service: d ch v A full-body massage: Mát xa toàn thân Aromatherapy: tr li u b ng xoa bóp d Q.3: According to the announcement, what will be built near Berryville?

I am very pleased to announce that city leaders in Berryville have finally approved a proposal to enlarge the airport on Hathor Road. We have given the building contract to Heaton Construction.

The new terminal will join our older, existing facilities. Berryville's population has been

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growing at a rapid rate over the past 15 years, due to the addition of a local university and the recent expansion of several business.

Enlarge: m r ng Terminal: phòng ch c a hành khách Q.4: Who is this announcement probably for?

This announcement is for all assembly line employees. Please make sure to check your work schedule as soon as you arrive in the morning to see where you will be working for the day. You will need to sign in by putting your signature in the space by your name. After that, please check pick up your protective aprons and glasses from the safety area.

Assembly line employees: nhân viên l p ráp theo dây chuy n Q.5: What is the purpose of this message?

Hi, Rose. This is Dorothy calling from the personnel department. I just wanted to know if you are free to join us for dinner tonight. A few of us will be leaving the office around 5.30 and going to the Thai restaurant. Out new colleague to join us, just meet us downstairs in front of the building at about 5. Sophia and I will be taking my car, and you are more than welcome to ride with us. Anyway, I hope to see you later. Bye. ng nghi p Q.6: What is this message about?

Thank you for calling the Tower place security department. This office will be closing at 11.00 a.m. Wednesday morning as we relocate to the 10th floor. All security officers will be on duty during this time. The 10th floor office will be open at 9 a.m. Thursday. Please contact the security officer on duty, Roy Williams, at 555-7251 if you need to speak with security personnel after 11 on Wednesday. Thank you.

Relocate: chuy n t i Q.7: What is the purpose of the message?

Hello, Mr. Nakamura. This is Eric Parkman, manager of the personnel department of Linderman Enterprises. We received your resume last week for the accounting position in out shipping department. I was very impressed with your experience and education. I would like to schedule an interview if that time is good for you. Thank you.

Schedule: s p x p Q.8: Who is the speaker?

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Staff members of Winton Property Development, welcome to the 8th annual Top Achievers Awards Dinner. When I founded Winton Property Development 13 years ago, I knew that I alone could not make the company the success that it is today. I knew that it would take people like you to help me achieve that goal. The reason why I host this dinner every year is to express my deep appreciation to everyone for working so hard for the continued growth of this company.

Found: thành l p Q.9-12: W: Mr. Stone, this is Susan White from the speedy Medical center. I am calling to remind you that you have an appointment with Dr. Johnson tomorrow at 11.

M: Ah, yes, thank you for reminding me. You know, if you hadn't called, I would've completely forgotten all about it.

W: Well, we call all of our clients a day before their scheduled appointment. Anyway, please get here 10 minutes before your appointment since there are some forms that you have to fill out.

Also, don't forget to bring your insurance information.

M: Okay, I will remember to bring it with me. Thanks, and I will see you tomorrow then.

Remind someone: nh c nh ai Appointment: cu c h n Insurance information: thông tin b o hi m Q.13-16: M: I just read an article in the paper about the medical conference being-held in the city this weekend I'm really looking forward to going there.

W: Really? I am thinking of going as well I really want to listen to the talk on that study about soybeans. A lot of my patients have been mentioning it to me lately.

M: Yes, my patients have been asking me about it, too. Hey, do you want to go together this Saturday?

W: All right. My mother-in-law is coming for a visit this Sunday, so Saturday will be perfect.

Mother-in-law: m ch ng Patient: b nh nhân Physician

u tr

Medical conference: h i th o y t Q.17-20: W: I think the customer was quite satisfied with the service we provided.

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M: Yes, I think he was especially happy because he thought the warranty had expired. He managed to get the repair done at no cost.

W: Well, I am glad that we were able to help a good customer. You know, it's customers like that who will continue to come back to our store.

M: Yes, I agree with you. I think it's very important that we try to keep all of our customers happy.

Satisfied: hài lòng Provide: cung c p Warranty: phi u b o hành Expire: h t h n Customer: khách hàng Q.21-25: Listen to part of a conversation between two people on campus.

W: Hi, there. I was looking or information about becoming a political, science major.

M: Sure. We have some brochures right here.

W: Thanks, but could I ask you a few questions?

M: No problem. Fire away.

W: Are there many requirements for Political Science?

M: Uh, not really... Just you must take Political Science 1 and 2, a general history class, and a writing seminar.

W: I thought you had to take economics, too.

M: Not for the general Political Science program. But there are a couple of specialized programs that have additional requirements.

W: Oh, really? What are they?

M: Well, there is the International Relations program. It is more interdisciplinary, so it requires economics and a second history credit; the two history credits have to be in different regions. There is also the honors Political Science program. To get into that, you need to take the same economics class as the International Relations program, and a special Political Science seminar. And you need to maintain over a "B" average in all those required courses.

W: Wow, that sounds difficult.

M: Yeah, not many people are qualified for the honors program. That's why it's considered more prestigious, I guess.

W: Is that all?

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M: No. You also have to complete this form, listing all the Political Science and related credits you have already taken or plan to take, and get the department chair to sign off on it W: Uggh. This is really a lot of work; M: Yeah, but everyone has to do it. It's not different from any other majors; the department wants to know that you've thought about your major carefully and thoroughly, and that all the students are being realistic in their expectations.

Interdisciplinary: liên quan t i nhi

c h c thu t

Credit: g y ch ng nh n Honors: b ng danh d Seminar: h i th Major: chuyên ngành Realistic: có óc th c t Q.26-30: M: Hey, Clara. Got a minute?

W: Oh, hi, Will Sure, I've got plenty of time. What's the matter?

M: Did you see the poster saying that our debate club meeting tonight had been moved?

W: Oh yes, you didn't get the email?

M: My computer hasn't been working these few days, so I can't get access to my mailbox.

Anyway, why has it been moved?

W: That whole wing of the Student Union building is getting repainted today, so it's off-limits until the paint dries, vented properly and the workers clean everything up.

M: a while now. A new paint-job would do them a world of good.

W: And the rooms are going to be repainted in a lighter color, too. That old paint was too dark and depressing.

M: A lighter color would help everything look bigger, too. Our debate club could use that.

W: Yeah, but we need more than just light paint. We've grown too big for that little room; we really need to move into a bigger place.

M: Any chance of that happening?

W: Not that I know of. Except for tonight, that is, just for this once, - we'll be meeting downstairs in Turner Auditorium.

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M: That place is huge, way too big for us.

W: I know, but it was the only place available tonight. And it was either there or else cancel the meeting altogether.

M: I guess it's better than canceling. Although, to be honest, I could use another week to prepare for my speech, I've been really busy with my classes lately.

Debate: tranh lu n Repaint

i

Dry: khô Q.31-35: Listen to part of a lecture in a film class. The professor is talking about science fiction and popular culture.

Science fiction is very popular these days in books, in movies, and on TV. Unfortunately, popular science fiction is often a lot more ''fiction" and not so much "science." One of the most common problems is science fiction's fascination with faster-than-light travel. We know that is impossible, as it violates Einstein's basic theory of space and time, but on Star Trek and other science-fiction-shows, spaceships jump from star to star and galaxy to galaxy like you or I might want to drive to another city. In truth, the closest star to Earth, Proxima Centauri, is over three light years away. That means traveling at the speed of light, the fastest speed anyone theoretically could travel, it would take three years to make it to our nearest neighbor. Other stars and galaxies are routinely thousands and millions of light years away, making intergalactic travel an impossibility. Even if we grant that such space travel somehow was possible, there is no shortage of other errors in popular science fiction.

In Star Wars and other films, spaceships swoop across the screen, with their.... uh... their engines emitting a great roar. However; since space is a void, sound waves cannot travel. There is no sound in space; it is utterly silent. Gravity is another mystery in these films. Gravity depends mostly on mass. Spaceships are tiny compared to the mass of earth. In space there should be practically no gravity. And yet people in science fiction routinely walk around on their spaceships in space as comfortably as they would on earth. That said, there have been a few; scarce films that bothered to portray the science of space flight somewhat realistically. In 2001: A Space Odyssey, the ship must rotate to create artificial gravity. Outside the spaceship, there is total silence. And the voyage from Earth to Jupiter takes many months. But such films are the exception, not the rule. While science fiction may be enjoyable, you should look elsewhere to learn about science. science fiction: khoa h c vi

ng

faster-than-light travel: t rotate: luân phiên nhau

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create: t o ra artificial gravity: tr ng l c nhân t o enjoyable: thú v

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NG D

C

PASSAGE 1: 1A (It takes a long time to raise a family of owlets, so the great horned owl begins early in the year.)

2B (In January and February, or as late as March in the North, the male calls to the female with a resonant hoot.)

3B (To impress her, the male does a strange courtship dance. He bobs (nh y nhót). He bows (cúi mình). He ruffles his feathers (làm xù lông) and hops around (nh y vòng quanh) with an important air. He flutters (v ) from limb (cánh) to limb and makes flying sorties into the air.

Sometimes he returns with an offering of food. They share the repast, after which she joins the dance, hopping and bobbing about as though keeping time to the beat of an inner drum.)

4C (Owls are poor home builders. They prefer to nest in a large hollow in a tree or even to occupy (chi m) the deserted (b nest of a hawk (di u hâu) or crow (qu ).)

5C (The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically (ch ng c c kh ) u) herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from snow and cold.)

6A (The mother lays two or three round, dull white eggs. Then she stoically settles herself on the nest and spreads her feather skirts about her to protect her precious charges from snow and cold. It is five weeks before the first downy white owlet pecks (m ) its way out of the shell.)

7D (They clamor for food and keep the parents busy supplying mice (chu t), squirrels (sóc), rabbits (th ), crayfish (tôm), and beetles (b cánh c ng). Later in the season baby crows are taken. c), and game birds (chim b t) all fall prey to the hungry family.)

8C (As the young birds feather out, they look like wise old men with their wide eyes and quizzical expressions.)

9C (The parent birds weary of family life by November and to establish (thi t l p) hunting ranges (ph i) of their own.)

i) the young owls away

10 A (They and keep the parents busy (làm b m b n r n) supplying mice, squirrels, rabbits, crayfish, and beetles. Later in the season baby crows are taken.

Migrating songsters, waterfowl, and game birds all fall prey to the hungry family. It is nearly ten weeks before fledglings leave the nest to search for their own food. The parent birds weary of family life by November and drive the young owls away to establish hunting ranges of their own.)

PASSAGE 2: 11 B (In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, a family from the East of the United States could either buy steamboat (tàu th y ch y b c) passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons (xe ng a), and their livestock (v t nuôi) or-as happened more often-

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simply pile (ch ng, ch t) everything into a wagon, hitch (trói, bu c) up a team, and begin their overland trek right in their front yard.)

12 D (Along the macadamized roads (nh p b n) and turnpikes east of the Missouri River, travel was comparatively fast, camping easy, and supplies plentiful.)

13 B

(paragraph 1: In the early 1800s, to reach the jump-off point for the West, paragraph the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points... paragraph 3: At whatever jump-off point they chose, the emigrants studied guidebooks and directions, asked questions of others as green as themselves, and made their final decisions about outfitting.)

14 B (St. Joseph had sprung up (cách) 55 miles to the northwest; in fact, emigrants i di who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail by staying on the paddlewheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.)

15 B (in one river town or another, the neophyte emigrants would pause (d ng) to lay (S p x p, ki m tra) in provisions d tr ). For outfitting (trang b ) purposes (m , the town of Independence had been preeminent ever since 1827, but the rising momentum of pioneer emigration had produced some rival jump-off points.)

16 D (For example, either pack animals or two-wheel carts or wagons could be used for the overland crossing. A family man usually chose the wagon. It was the costliest and slowest of the three, but it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife who likely as not was pregnant.)

17 D a family from the East of the United States could either buy steamboat (riverboat) passage to Missouri for themselves, their wagons, and their livestock (= pack animals) or-as happened more often-simply pile everything into a wagon,...)

18 B (emigrants who went to Missouri by riverboat could save four days on the trail staying on the paddle-wheelers to St. Joe before striking overland.)

ng) by

19 C (...it provided space and shelter for children and for a wife who likely as not was pregnant...

Anyway, most pioneers, with their farm background, were used to wagons.)

20 C ( Everybody knew that a top-heavy covered wagon might blow over in a prairie wind or be overturned by mountain rocks, that it might mire in river mud or sink to its hubs in desert sand-but maybe if those things happened on this trip, they would happen to someone else.)

PASSAGE 3: 21 B (paragraph 1: The Royal Library of Alexandria has achieved an almost mythical status among scholars of classical studies. Paragraph 2: It is estimated that there are over 4000 writings regarding its destruction, yet very little data exists regarding the structure, layout, organization, administration, or whereabouts of the complex. Paragraph 7: The library tried to get copies of all known books and would send agents far and wide to acquire them.)

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22 C (As with many ancient landmarks, there is much debate and controversy over Alexandria's library, especially regarding its destruction. The tale has been retold by countless historians and attributed to just as many different factions and rulers, not to profile u) this landmark c ngo t) of education, but as a tool (công c ) for political slander (ph báng).)

23 C (As with many ancient landmarks, there is much debate and controversy over Alexandria's library, especially regarding its destruction. The tale has been retold by countless historians and attributed to just as many different factions and rulers, not to profile this landmark of education, but as a tool for political slander. It is estimated that there are over 4000 writings regarding its 24 B (As with many ancient landmarks, there is much debate and controversy over Alexandria's library, especially regarding its destruction.)

25 A (About 30-50 scholars were probably permanently housed there, fed, and funded, first by the royal family, and later, according to an early Roman scroll, by public money. It served a religious (thu c v tôn giáo), as well as an intellectual (thu c v trí óc), function (ch and it was the centerpiece of a so-called cult of the muses, governed by a priest.)

26 C (From the time of Callimachus onwards, they used an early iteration (tính l p l i) of a subject catalog. Subject divisions (s phân chia) outlined by Callimachus included mathematics, medicine, astronomy, and geometry, as well as philology.)

27 C (At its peak, it is estimated about 600,000 scrolls were held within its walls, although that is likely an overstatement.)

28 C (Although much of the story has been buried with time and conflict, the importance and significance of its contributions are clear.)

29 D (paragraph 1 (option B): Alexander the Great commissioned the city of Alexandria to create a Mediterranean stronghold in Egypt to rival Rome and cities in Greece. Paragraph 5 (option C): Its achievements included the introduction of the first steam engine, the first star map, and an astoundingly accurate estimate of the Earth's diameter. paragraph 6 (option A): At its peak, it is estimated 30 D

(Famous scholars employed there included Euclid, Eratosthenes, Apollonius, and Hero.)

PASSAGE 4: 31 A

(The next wave of

populated New Guinea, gradually spreading to Fiji.)

32 B (However, the extinction coincided with (x so it was probably caused by hunting and fires.)

ng th i) the arrival of the Melanesians,

33 B (The invasion of New Zealand by the Europeans resulted in (d n) a complete transformation of the island, importing over 3,198 species of plants and animals and filling most of the wetlands.)

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34 B (The plants and animals that inhabit (s on earth.)

35 C (Numerous plant species, unique in the world, are on a small area of one mountain and are represented i di n) by only a few specimens.)

36 C ( Sea has a long history of stable animal populations, despite the harsh environments, which sustain human life. Lemmings, ox, and mammoths all made the journey across the land bridge.)

37 B (Pacific walruses inhabit shallow waters of the Bering Sea during winter. They congregate to feed on clams, their principal food. This type of feeding releases nutrients into the water, providing food for starfish and increasing the roughness of the sea floor.)

38 A (Animals such as seals, bowhead whales, and walruses are important for the subsistence of their community.)

39 C (Many of these nations have now entered joint venture agreements to enable them to develop their marine resources more efficiently.)

40 A (Pacific walruses inhabit shallow waters of the Bering Sea during winter. They congregate to feed on clams, their principal food. [A] This type of feeding releases nutrients into the water, providing food for starfish and increasing the roughness of the sea floor.)

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BÀI M

NG D N TR L I CHO PH N VI T

TASK 1: Informal letter Dear Sara, Manchester is a really interesting city. There are a lot of shops here. The people are friendly and -food restaurant. I go to work from 5 to 9 in the evening, so I get ready for the class the next day. However, I love my job because I have lots of chances to practice speaking English with the customers. I believe that I can improve my spoken English so

sharing a flat with 4 French students. We have a lot of English at home because we always use French. here and make great progress.

Looking forward to hearing from you.

Best wishes, Word count: 200 TASK 2: Process: Step 1: Analyze the question (phân tích câu h i) In order to solve traffic problems, Vietnamese government should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

- Paraphrase the question: find the synonyms, phrasal verbs, etc. to write words with the same or related meaning (Di n gi i câu h i: tìm t

ng t

vi t các t gi ng nhau ho

+ tax private heavily: impose heavy taxes (on)

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+ private car owners: car drivers + use the money to improve public transportation: spend ibis money on making public transport better - Find 2-3 advantages (+ examples or supporting information), 2-3 disadvantages (+examples or supporting information) (Tìm 2-3 l i ích +ví d ho c thông tin b tr , 2-3 b t l i + ví d ho c thông tin b tr ) For -

Against

the heavy taxes would discourage

-

car owners from using their cars

this would be a heavy burden on car drivers

(Thu n ng s làm cho các ch xe

là m t gánh n ng cho tài x

h n ch s d ng xe c a mình.)

-

xe ô tô.)

more people would use public

-

transport if it were improved (Nhi

a fixed amount for all who use car as

is d

công c

this type of tax would likely be set at

n

a means of transport

cc i

thi n)

- Decide the structure of the essay (Quy

nh c u trúc c a bài ti u lu n)

Step 2 : Write your essay (vi t bài)

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1. Rephrase the question (Nh c l i câu h i) 2. Thesis statement (Phát bi u lu

m)

This essay discusses / examines this question from both points of view and then I will give my own perspective on the matter This essay discussed [view A], and [view B], and then I will give my own opinion

Introduction

Note: N u các em không th nh c l i câu h i, các em có th s d ng t o câu gi i thi u - People have different views about

Advantages (L i ích) looking at the positive aspects of such a solution. One of the main advantages would be

Body Disadvantages (B t l i) On the other hand ...

Luôn luôn thêm ví d / gi i thích/ ch ng minh/ lý do/ h u qu i có m t câu ch ng vi t nh M t s cách di

t khi nêu ra ví d

hình ng là

c t ng n m i m t câu. ng dùng:

-

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In conclusion, Conclusion

Personally, From my point of view, To sum up, I must say that

Traffic congestion in many big cities of Viet Nam is getting more and more serious. Many people believe that one possible solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and spend ibis money on making public transport better. However, there are both pros and cons to decide to do this. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of such a measure and draw a conclusion. the positive aspects of such a solution. One of the main advantages would be that the heavy taxes would discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become very expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public transport instead to travel here and there, thus reducing road accidents and pollution as well. Another good point would be that more people would use public transport if it were improved. In fact, public transport in major cities like Hanoi and Saigon is very poor. For example, we often see old and dirty buses and trains that no one wants to take a ride on. High taxes would create enough money to make the necessary changes.

On the other hand, there are some negative points of such a measure. First, this would be a heavy burden on car drivers. On private cars are already high for a lot of people, and so further taxes would only mean less money at the end of the month for most people who may have no choice but to drive every day. Another problem is that this type of tax would likely be set at a fixed amount for all who use car as a means of transport. This would mean that it would hit those with less money harder, while the rich could afford it. It is, therefore, not a fair tax.

In conclusion, there are two sides to everything and applying ibis solution is not an exception.

However, personally I th in big cities of Viet Nam. This measure is, therefore, obviously worth considering to improve the current situation.

Word count: 341

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G I Ý CHO PH N THI NÓI Part 1: Social

-

Do you like walking? When and where do you walk?

Sample: Yes, it's actually one of my favorite pastimes. I love walking in the park near where I live in the evenings. I usually walk for half an hour. And what I like about it most is the fresh air and the peace of the park. Actually, it's sometimes annoying during summer months because of insects, like mosquitos and moths. Anyway, it's a nice place to walk round. pastime: ho

ng lúc r nh r i

insect: côn trùng mosquito: mu i moth: con nh y, con sâu - Do you think walking is important?

Walking is useful: a good way to relax/ reduce stress/ improve blood circulation/ keep fit/ stay healthy Sample: Absolutely. Walking is the most convenient and simple exercise. Not only do people of all age can do it, but it also encourages us to get outdoor to change a bit of our surroundings, thereby helping us relax and stay balanced.

Encourage: khuy n khích get outdoor: ra ngoài change a bit of our surroundings:

i không gian xung quanh

stay balanced: cân b ng - Do you think walking in the countryside is better than walking in the city? + Walking in the countryside: lots of fresh air and green areas; no traffic; safe walking; enjoyable experience; good places for walkers +walking in the city: regular and convenient walking; easy friend-making; nice short walks; beautiful parks for walkers Sample:

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I obviously think it is much better to have a walk in the countryside than in the city because the air in the countryside is fresher and healthy to breathe, unlike that in big cities which contains toxic chemicals. Also there is less traffic in the country so it is less likely for one to get hit by a car while walking, which happens pretty often in cities, unfortunately.

Breathe: th toxic chemicals: ch t hóa h get hit by a car: b

ch i

ng xe bits.

- Do you often eat healthy food?

- What do you usually eat at school/ at work?

- What is the unhealthiest food you can think of? + Healthy eating habit: ng t t cho s c kh e) eating a lot of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains: u trái cây, rau c và các lo i h t regularly having good protein from fish, milk, and eggs: ng xuyên b m t cá, s a và tr ng having little red meat, sugar, and fat: ng và ch t béo staying away from junk food: anh + Unhealthy eating habit: ng không t t cho s c kh e) having unbalanced diet: có m t ch i overconsuming red meat, sugar, and fat: tiêu th quá nhi u th ng và ch t béo not eating much fruits or vegetables: không u trái cây và rau c +M ts t v ng dùng: Healthy food: th

t cho s c kh e

Fill up my stomach

y d dày

Negative attitude

tiêu c c

Taste: có v Processed food: th c ph

bi n

Contain: ch a Preservative: ch t b o qu n Harmful: có h i Overeat: Spoil

u ng

Appetite: s ngon mi ng, s

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Sample: + Eating healthy is great but it is very expensive. At home I do eat a lot of healthy foods like meat, fish and vegetables but at school I drink lots of pop and have a bag of chips for lunch. The schools + Honestly, I do eat Western fast food very often because i fill up my stomach between classes. I know people tend to have negative attitude towards fast food but they eat it anyway. Not only does it taste good but it also helps me save time and energy for other things. + I am sure that some kinds of processed food are not healthy because they contain many preservatives, food colors and too much salt which are harmful to your health if you overeat. The rich fat also spoils your appetite if you eat them before main meals.

Part 2: Solution discussio Situation: You are choosing a birthday gift for your friend. There are three suggestions: a book, a music show ticket, and a shopping coupon. Which do you think is the best choice? + A book: an affordable gift, a good memory, high availability; many choices (m t cu n sách: m t món quà có th chi tr c, m t k ni p, luôn có s n, nhi u s l a ch n) Affordable: có th

ti

mua

s h tr c a gi Have plenty of choices: có nhi u s l a ch n Meaningful Express: bày t + A music show ticket: a special gift; enjoyment of watching live music performance and seeing (m t t c: m c bi t, ni c xem bi u di n ca nh c tr c ti p và g p th ng) + A shopping coupon: a nice gift for female friends; high convenience; own choices (m t phi u mua hàng: m t món quà tuy t v i cho các b n gái, r t thu n ti n, có s l a ch n riêng) Sample: As for me, a book is an ideal choice because of two main reasons.

First, it will be an affordable done with

. Although it may be not an expensive gift, it would be a good

memory of our friendship. This is because I can drop a line on the first page or decorate and wrap

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my gift in a unique style that makes it more impressive, and whenever my friend looks at it, he/ she will remember our friendship. Second, it would be easier for me when I have plenty of choices meaningful because it helps me express my care for him/ her.

Briefly, because of these reasons, I believe that a book would be the best choice for me.

Topic: Cheap air travel should be promoted.

Cheap air travel - offering a flexible travelling mode i linh ho t) enjoying deep discounts on undersold flights/ best fares on different dates/ good deals on early booking ng gi m giá m nh t nh ng chueyens bay giá r / giá t t theo t t t vé s m - reducing travelling costs (gi i) + opting for limited comforts to save budget (ch n ít ti

ti t ki m ngân sách)

+ saving up to 70% of costs with flexible travel time and destinations (ti t ki v i th m linh ho t)

n 70% chi phí

- creating business opportunities (t i kinh doanh) + being time-efficient and cost-efficient for business deals (thu n ti n v th i gian và chi phí cho các giao d ch kinh doanh) + expanding local and international markets (m r ng th + easily seeking business partners (d

ng n

a và qu c t )

i tác kinh doanh)

- more ideas for cheap air travel (m t s ý khác) + promoting cultural exchange: international flights bridging cultural gaps and increasing value exchange; boosting world travel: low-budget flights reducing distance and minimizing cost-related problems on travel (xúc ti ng chuy n bay qu c t kh c ph c kho ng cách v i giá tr ym i gi c: nh ng chuy n bay giá r làm gi m kho ng cách và h n ch các v n chi phí) + developing economy: tourist services creating jobs/ increasing employment; business yielding profit (phát tri n kinh t : các d ch v du l ch t o ra vi c làm/ t c làm; t o ra l i nhu n) Sample: In recent years, many airlines offer to their customers more and more numbers of cheap flights.

There are good arguments in favor of this trend should be encouraged.

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One of the good points of cheap air travel is offering a flexible travelling mode. Everyone is interested in deep discounts and undersold flights is not exception. We can easily get best fares on different dates. Good deals are offered on early booking.

Another benefit is reducing travelling costs. It is undeniable that cheap air fares have broadened travel possibilities for many people, particularly for the lower income group. They can opt for limited comforts to save budget. If we book the tickets in advance, we can save up to 70% of costs with flexible travel time and destinations.

In addition to this, cheap flights creates business opportunities. It is time-efficient and costefficient for business deals. It also help to expand local and international markets, so people can easily seek business partners.

Finally, this trend promotes cultural exchange. This is because international flights bridge cultural gaps and increase value exchange. Furthermore, world travel is boosted. The reason is that lowbudget flights reduce distance and minimize cost-related problems on travel.

To sum up, thanks to the above advantages, I think that cheap air travel should be encouraged.

- Do you think that governments should encourage cheap flights?

Encouraging cheap flights: (khuy n khích các chuy n bay giá r ) + improving remote areas (làm cho các vùng xa xôi phát tri + increasing employment (t

c làm)

+ facilitating goods transport (làm cho vi c v n chuy n hagf hóa thu n ti + developing economy (phát tri n kinh t ) Sample: In my opinion, cheap flights should be encouraged for the following reasons. First, it helps improve remote areas. Second, tourist services creates jobs, so it increases employment. Next, it also facilitates goods transport. Finally, such cheap flights will help to develop economy.

- Are there any problems with low-cost air travel?

Problems with low-cost air travel (các v c a hàng không giá r ) + extra costs for baggage and on-flight meals

ng trên máy bay)

+ small seats and limited legroom (ch ng i nh , ch + basic customer service (d ch v + low safety

chân h p)

n)

an toàn không cao)

+ non-refundability (không th hoàn ti n) Sample:

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It is said that low-cost air travel causes several problems. The first negative point is that it requires extra costs for baggage and on-flight meals. Secondly, seats are quite small and the legroom is also limited. Moreover, customer service on cheap flights is very basic. Last but not least, low-cost air travel is not refundable in any circumstance.

- Cheap air tickets should be offered on domestic flights or international flights? + cheap domestic flight: (chuy n bay n a giá r ) Encouraging family visits/ increasing local trade (khuy n khích các cu y m nh m u d c) Developing tourism (phát tri n du l ch) Offering flexible transport modes ng i linh ho t) + international flight: (chuy n bay qu c t )

ng gia

promoting world travel y m nh s i gi c/ du l ch th gi i) increasing international trade developing transnational cooperation (phát tri n h p tác xuyên qu c gia) Sample: For me, cheap air tickets should be offered on both domestic flights and international flights. As for cheap domestic flight, this encourage family visits and local trade will increase. It also offers flexible transport modes. Moreover, such cheap flights will contribute in developing tourism.

Regarding international flight, it is obvious that it promotes world travel, so it help to increasing international trade. Another good point is that transnational cooperation is developed. All in all, I think that cheap flights should be encouraged.

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NG D

S

2

ANSWER KEY - LISTENING PART 1: 1B 2A

3B

4B

5B

6C

7C

8B

PART 2: 9B 10 B

11 C

12 C

13 C

14 B

15 A

16 B

17 B

18 C

19 A

20 C

PART 3: 21 B 22 B

23 C

24 B

25 C

26 C

27 A

28 A

29 D

30 B

31 B

32 A

33 A

35 B

34 A

SCRIPTS: Q.1: Who is probably making talking on the phone?

Hello, this is Gloria with Dr. Baum's office. This is a reminder of your dental appointment for Thursday, May 22, at 1:00p.m. Since you have several cavities to fill, please allow yourself at least three hours for the visit. dental appointment: cu c h Q.2: Why has the meeting been relocated?

Because the South Tower is undergoing renovations, the design team meeting scheduled for tomorrow morning has been moved to the North Tower conference room on the 12th floor. The meeting will still be held at 10:00. design team

i thi t k

Q.3: What is the main cause of decreased domestic sales?

Unfortunately, I must report that domestic sales have dropped by 17 percent over the last two quarters. Although the sluggish domestic economy is a factor, the primary cause of this worrying development is increasing competition in the retail clothing sector. primary cause: nguyên nhân chính increasing competition

c nh tranh

Q.4: What should the listeners do before they skate?

This weekend is the first outing of the in-line skating club for this season. Remember, you are not allowed to skate with the club unless you wear an approved safety helmet. You can ask Rea, the safety coordinator, if you are unsure about your gear. not allowed: safety helmet:

c phép o hi m

Q.5: What profession does the speaker work in?

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As a woman and sports announcer, I'm often approached about giving speeches on women in sports.

Announcer

i thông báo

Q.6: What is the p Ricardo will be here in the U.S. for three months observing some of the managerial techniques and procedures we use at the office.

Observing: quan sát managerial techniques: k thu t qu n lý procedures: cách ti n hành Q.7: What kind of business would be making this announcement?

In order to improve customer service, we will be initiating a customer satisfaction survey. The survey will focus on several different areas, including courtesy rind promptness by waiters or waitresses cleanliness, and food quality and selection.

Waitor: b i bàn nam Waitress: b i bàn n Q.8: Why has confidence increased?

Investor confidence was bolstered by government data indicating inflation rose by barely two tenths of one percent last quarter, meaning that the National Bank is unlikely to raise interest rates. unlikely to: không th x y ra raise: interest rates: lãi su t Q.9-12: W: Our copier has been acting strangely today. Could you come and take a look at it for us?

M: Okay, but did you check to see if any paper is jammed inside?

W: Yes, I did, but that's not the problem. I think the problem may be more serious.

M: All right, but I have to run across town the morning to fix a machine there, so I don't think I can make it to your office until after lunch.

Copier: máy photo Act (v): ho

ng

Strangely: m t cách k l

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Fix (v): s a ch a Jam (v): k t Q.13-16: W: Hi, there. I'm having trouble finding this certain book on medieval German nobility.

M: Let me check on the computer. Hmm ... it appears that W: Oh, no. It was

. right now.

M: Well, we have a central computer system that is connected to the other university libraries in the state. I can search them all to see where your book is, then order it from the nearest university.

You could borrow it-from another library.

W: That would be great. How long will it take?

M: We can usually get a book here in two or three days. But the lending period is shorter than for a normal book libraries, the overdue fine is a lot larger.

W: M: Not for up to five books. Any more than that, and you would have to pay a small service charge. central computer system: h th ng máy tính trung tâm connect (v): k t n i service charge: phí d ch v Q.17-20: M: What's the matter, Jane?

W: Oh, I was supposed to meet James for a study session at 4 M: Mr. James is like that. I always give myself an extra 15 minutes or so whenever I have an appointment with him.

W: That's not a bad idea. I'd like to have him waiting for me for a change.

M: Yeah, some people are just irresponsible like that. I remember once he was actually late for the exam. Nearly 20 minutes late, and he just comes walking in, like there's nothing wrong. He W: I can't imagine myself being like that. I always leave myself extra time, just to make sure I'm always ready and on time.

M: Oh, there he comes now.

W: It's about time.

M: How long are you guys planning on studying?

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W: Pretty late. We have a big chemistry test tomorrow and I'm really behind.

M: Q.21- 25: W: Can you believe Professor Kensington postponed the due date for the term paper this morning?

It's unbelievable!

M: Yeah, it was crazy! I've been spending days and nights in the computer lab writing up that paper. I only did that because he kept on emphasizing that he won't take any paper that's not in his office by noon today.

W: I heard that, too. Jessica and I stayed tip half the night trying to finish it. I think It was three o'clock in We morning when we finally had the third draft. I barely had any sleep.

M: You had Jessica to help you? At least you had someone to proofread your paper and help you with the research. It was a nightmare for me. I didn't even have time to proofread my paper.

W: M: I guess it was a hasty change, but... I think he did it for us students.

W: You really didn't get enough sleep, did you? You're not thinking straight. I can't possibly see how I can understand his hasty decision that way.

M: Well, as much as I'm unhappy with his last-minute decision, I think he did it so that we could have one more chance to look over our work before turning it in. Besides, an extension of two days W: I suppose. Still I would have had more time to study for the calculus exam, which was today, so much time and energy on that paper.

M: Oh well, at least he didn't tell us to hand it in earlier.

W: That's right... anyway, I'm not going to spend another two days on the assignment. I'm handing it in after the next class.

Stay the night:

l i

Proofread: dò, ch nh l i Extension: gia h n Q.26-30: W: Professor Atkins, could I get some help with my chemistry lab?

P: Certainly, Julie. What's the problem? Are you having trouble understanding some of the experiments?

W: Oh, no, I understand the experiment...perhaps I only think that I understand it.

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P: What do you mean? Do you or don't you?

W: Well, I tried the latest experiment by myself, based on what I understood from your lectures and lab session ... but I seem to come up with really different results from what the textbook indicates I should be getting.

P: That certainly is a possibility. Remember, the textbook lends Jo give you an ideal explanation of the experiments. But in real life, any number of factors can cause you to get results that might not be the ideal or preferred outcome.

W: Oh, that's good... so any result is acceptable?

P: No, of course there is a range for this particular experiment; I'd expect your answer to be within... let's see now... perhaps 4 or 5% off the textbook.

W: P: I'm sorry, but that would be a problem. If your answer were that far from the proper answer, and say that even if you could explain the difference, I would have to lower your grade significantly.

W: I see. Alright. I guess I'm going to have to redo it. I want to do well in your class and can't afford to get a bad grade.

P: Very good. But you'll have to hurry, the lab is due Friday, and I won't be giving any extensions.

W: P: Yes? W: Oh, it's nothing. Well, could you please sign a permission slip for me to use the lab after hours?

I only have time during late evenings this weekend.

P: before you start the experiment, wipe the test tubes with alcohol... there might be unwanted residue inside that might be affecting the result.

Experiment: thí nghi m Test tube: ng nghi m Alcohol: c n Due

nh n

Q31-35: We'll be looking into the largest state in America, Alaska. If you look at the location of Alaska on the map, you can see that it is bordered by Canada on the east, the Arctic Ocean on the north, the Bering Strait and Bering Sea to the east, and the Gulf of Alaska... wait a minute... sorry about that... to the west and the Gulf of Alaska to the south. And as you can see on the map, Alaska

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has a greater land area than California and Texas combined. Now, although there are many cities in Alaska, the population is so low that an average number of students in a middle school classroom is only about 10. You can imagine many desolate small towns scattered around Alaska. ortions of the state. So, it's natural that Alaskans rely heavily on airplanes for transportation, since many parts of Alaska are accessible only via air. Well, of course. There is a railway operating between Fairbanks, a relatively big city in central Alaska, and Seward, a city on the southern coast. It is much more popular than the only major highway in Alaska, the Alaska Highway, which is open throughout the year. Not that there's much traffic. One does not need to venture far to understand the reason for its sparse population. Even though cold climate and other factors make most of Alaska a lessthan-desirable location for farming, agriculture is conducted in a few areas between Fairbanks and the southern coast. Most of the food Alaskans need, however, must be imported from outside the state. Also, Alaska is subject to strong earthquakes and occasional volcanic activity. Your textbook describes the explosion of the Alaskan volcano Mount Katmai in the early 20 th century as one of the most famous and violent volcanic eruptions in history. I strongly suggest you read up on that chapter, as we'll be touching on some of that the next time. Anyway, where was I? Oh yes, earthquakes ... these occasional earthquakes generate seismic sea reach far inland and destroy communities along the shore. It wasn't much different from the terrible tsunami of 2004.

Location: v trí Border: ti p giáp Average number: s

ng trung bình

Rely on: ph thu c (vào) Explosion: n Volcano: núi l a Volcanic eruption: s phun trào núi l a Occasional: th nh tho Earthquake

ng xuyên t

Generate: s n xu t, s n sinh Seismic

a ch n

Terrible: kh ng khi p

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ANSWER KEY READING PASSAGE 1: 1A (Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person.)

2C (Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused (gây ra) by many other problems) 3A (Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression.)

A. indications (a remark or sign that shows that something is happening or what somebody is thinking or feeling): d u hi u B. diet (the food that you eat and drink regularly) C. diagnosis (the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem): s ch D. prescriptions (an official piece of paper on which a doctor writes the type of medicine ore): c 4D (Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin.)

A. relieved (to make a problem less serious) B. identified (to find or discover somebody/something): nh n ra C. avoided (to prevent something bad from happening): tránh D. triggered (to make something happen suddenly): gây ra 5B (Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating ( especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets.)

food additives,

6A (Some people have been successful in their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets.)

7C

(Many of these allergies will not develop until her or his

if these foods are not fed to an infant at around seven months.)

8D (Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes.)

9D

(Some people have been successful (thành công) in sung) of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin.)

their migraines with

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10 A (Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written whether the diet is effective) PASSAGE 2: 11 D ("The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur".)

12 A (Women are still excluded from most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, "In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".)

13 B (Discrimination (phân bi i x ) against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small.)

14 A ("In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own". ) 15 A ("In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could become chairman of the board. Now they've found out that isn't going to happen, so they go out on their own".)

16 C (When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers-and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company's cash.)

17 C (In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in "women's" fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business.)

18 B (Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail (th t b i), just as men often do. They still i m t) hurdles in the business world, especially problems (v ) in raising money;) 19 C

(the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard.)

20 B

(Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation (tình hình) is i); there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.)

PASSAGE 3: 21 B (Similarly, the pine is dependent on (ph thu c vào) the pinon jays for distribution (phân tán) of the seeds.)

Dissemination: gieo r c

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22 A (It seems the reproductive cycle of a pine jay corresponds seed. ), the pine is dependent on the pinon jays for distribution of the seeds.

23 B (Seeds are stored (c t gi , b o qu n) in the bark of a tree or in the ground. Using their long bills, pinon jays plant and store them for later consumption (tiêu th , s d ng).)

24 C

(The fungus occupies the cortex cells of the secondary roots of the plant. This relationship It helps the plant absorb inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil.)

25 A (Mutualism (s h sinh) can also bring together two very different organisms, for example, a buffalo and an ox bird. These birds journey on the of African buffalo eating their ng, th c v t ký sinh). The bird receives food, and the buffalo is rid of irritating insects.)

26 B (Commensalism (s h i sinh) refers to a symbiotic (h i sinh) relationship where one organism eats the unused (không dùng) food of another. One ng l i), but the other is not affected ( ng). Examples include the remora and the shark. The remora attaches (bám) itself to the shark, when the shark itself, the remora picks up (v l y) scraps (m u th a).)

27 C (In parasitism, one organism ng l i) and the other is harmed (b h i).

Parasites live off the body of other organisms and receive nourishment from their tissues, while also inflicting damage on their hosts.

28 A (For example, in 1966, amebas were discovered that had become infected (gây b nh, nhi m c) with bacteria. However, after five years, it was found that the core of the amebas had become dependent on the bacteria; thus, parasitism had evolved (ti n tri n) into mutualism.)

29 C (paragraph 4: (option A) (option B) Another example of mutualism is pollination. Bees carry pollen from one plant to the next when they seek out plants for nectar. They feed themselves on the nectar, and the plants reproduce after fertilization by the pollen from other plants. (option D) Paragraph 5: Mutualism can also bring (option C) paragraph 6: Commensalism refers to a symbiotic relationship where one organism eats the unused food of another. One benefits, but the other is not affected. Examples include the remora and the shark.)

30 D (One example of commensalism in humans is bacteria (vi khu n) living in our intestines (ru t) that feed on food in our gut (ru t).)

PASSAGE 4: 31 C (The upper mantle has an area known as the low-velocity zone, where secondary waves decrease rapidly and then gradually increase.)

Induce: gây ra Regionally: theo vùng Extensive: r ng v di n tích

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oscillation: s ng 32 C (The inner core is solid (r n), whereas the outer core is so hot that the metal (kim lo i) is always molten (b ch y). However, because the force (l c) at the inner core is so immense, it cannot melt (ch y).

33 B

(However, because the force (l c) at the inner core is so immense, it cannot melt.)

34 A

( magnetism (hi

, the outer core spins (quay) around the inner core, which causes ng t tính).)

Convection: s tectonic plate: m ng ki n t o 35 B (A a ch result of a tectonic earthquake.)

t) wave is a wave that travels through Earth; it is often the

36 B (These differ according to temperature, phase, and structure. Body waves send out the first tremors of an earthquake as well as any later ones.)

37 C (Surface waves can be the most devastating type of seismic wave due to their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude.)

38 A (The moment an earthquake occurs, seismographs try to record its primary and secondary waves, but often they cannot detect the secondary waves of a distant earthquake.

This may be due to the fact that secondary waves are unable to pass through liquids.)

39 C

(paragraph 3)

40 D (This may be due to the fact that secondary waves are unable to pass through liquids. This information about wave travel helps scientists determine the internal structure of the planet.)

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MODEL ANSWER

WRITING

TASK 1: Informal letter Dear Daisy, It's great to hear from you again. I hope everything is going well in London.

Thanks for sending me the photos. I really like them because they remind me of the great time we spent with each other in Ha Long Bay. I believe that you enjoyed the breath-taking scenery here so much.

As you probably know, I had a bit of trouble at Tan Son Nhat airport because of the accidental power-cut, but I got home safely in the end.

Vietnam then. What about a trip to Hanoi, the capital City of Viet Nam next summer? I will have first job. think about my plan.

All the best, Word count: 169 Remind (me) of: g i nh (v ), làm cho ai nh (v ) Breath-taking

p s ng s t

Have a bit of trouble: g p ph i m t chút r c r i The accidental power-cut: b t ng m

n

TASK 2: Process: Step 1: Analyze the question (phân tích câu h i) -

identify key question words

nh t khóa trong câu h i)

Recent advances in technology leads the fact that human workforce is gradually with machinery.

What are some problems caused by this trend, and how could they be dealt with?

Problems-solutions essay -

Paraphrase the question: find the synonyms, phrasal verbs, etc. to write words with the same or related meaning

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(Di n gi i câu h i : tìm t

ng t

vi t các t gi ng nhau ho

+ advances in technology: technological advances + recent: in the past few decades -

List table of problem + example and solutions (Li t kê b ng v Problems

-

+ ví d và gi i pháp)

Solutions

less social interaction among

-

the board of directors organizes social activities u hành t ch c ra các ho ng xã h i)

-

the management, along with the trainer should

factory workers i v i nhau) -

making workers lazier (làm cho công nhân tr

i

(Vi c qu n lý và hu n luy c tinh th n trách nhi m c a công nhân) - the government local authority and vocational schools launch some specific programs or training courses for manual workers, and - increasing the unemployment rate encourage them to update themselves l th t nghi p) (Chính quy ng d y ngh t ch c bi t ho c các khóa hu n luy n cho công nhân, và khuy n khích h t trao d i) - Decide the structure of the essay (Quy nh c u trúc c a bài ti u lu n) bi ng)

Block organization (Kh i t ch c)

HO C

Chain organization (T ch c m t xích)

Introduction Problem 1

Problem 1 and solutions to problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 2 and solutions to problem 2

Transition sentence / paragraph

Problem 3 and solutions to problem 3

Solution 1 Solution 2 Conclusion

Step 2: Write your essay (vi t bài)

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Rephrase the question Introduction

c l i câu h i)

This essay discusses [problem and solution] (Bài lu n này th o lu n v gì) Problem signal words: because/since/as, resulted from, was the result of, effect of/consequence of, as a result of/ as a consequence (Các t bi u hi n v

)

+ One of the biggest problems is that + Another issue is that Body above problems (Câu chuy n ti p) Solution signal words: (các t bi u hi n gi i pháp) + + Dealing with this issue involves Summary of problem and solution (T ng k t v Conclusion

Give opinion

và gi i pháp)

n)

Sample: Technological advances in the past few decades help to gradually replace human workforce with the-state-of-the-art machines in a wide range of industries. Although people can benefit a lot from the replacement, personally I think there are some drawbacks of this ongoing trend. This essay will examine the negative effects of the development of technology on human- beings and then propose some solutions.

One of the biggest problems is that there is less social interaction among factory workers because they always have to work with machines. They just focus on the machine they operate instead of communicating with their co-workers. The solution is for the board of directors to organize social activities such as team building, going for a picnic at an amusement park, having staff parties on national holidays and so on. Thanks to these activities, workers have a chance to spend time together talking and sharing their work experience as well as life experience with one another.

Another issue is that this trend has made workers lazier because they tend to heavily depend on machines. In some cases, they can, but they are unwilling, and even refuse to fulfill their task by hand when a technical problems like a breakdown or power cut occurs. To tackle this problem, the efforts to do their duty if possible without assistance of machinery.

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Last but not least, this replacement may increase the unemployment rate. As machines can perform faster and more efficiently, the need for manpower will decrease dramatically. There might be only vacancies for highly-qualified technicians who can operate modem machines. As a result, unskilled manual workers may run the risk of being jobless. Dealing with this issue involves the government local authority and vocational schools launching some specific programs or training courses in which manual workers are trained to control fashionable machines. Moreover, they should be encouraged to update them technology so as not to be left behind.

All things considered, no one can deny that there are two sides of the same coin; we can, therefore, see both the pros and cons of substituting machinery for manpower. However, the government, the factory management, and the vocational school can take the above-mentioned measures to make a great contribution to minimizing its downsides.

Word count: 350

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SUGGESTED IDEAS FOR SPEAKING

Le - What kind of weather do you like?

Favorite weather: hot/ cold/ warm/ wet/ dry/ nice/ beautiful weather Sample: I am passionate about a cool spell that appears in the autumn. It is when I am able to enjoy a fresh air that makes me healthier. Also, I am quite fond of the snowy weather because I can go out in order to go skiing and make snowman with my younger brother.

A cool spell: th i k th i ti t l nh a fresh air: không khí trong lành the snowy weather: tr i có tuy t go skiing

t tuy t

make snowman -

i tuy t

Does the weather affect your mood/ feeling?

+ Sunny weather/ clear days keep people happy and excited. + Wet/ cold/ grey days may make people sad/ bored/ depressed.

Sample: Yes, the weather does, especially rains. A heavy rain that lasts several days makes me feel so down go out to chit chat with my friends. Also, it is when I see a period of time with a cloud in the sky. It is so miserable make me feel so down: làm tôi bu n chit chat: tán g u a cloud in the sky: tr i nhi u mây miserable: kh n kh - What do your usually do in hot/ cold weather? + Hot weather: going out with friends; going for a picnic; joining outdoor activities; going camping; playing sports; swimming; cycling + Cold weather: listening to music; reading books; playing computer games; playing indoor sports; watching television; surfing the Internet

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Sample: being out the pool near my house every morning. The cool water helps me refresh my mind and be full of energy for a new day. Sometimes, I also go for a picnic with my friends or my family at the beach. together. being out: ra ngoài refresh (my) mind

u óc t nh táo

be full of energy

ng

- What game(s) did you enjoy playing when you were a child?

- Who did you play with?

- Did you need any skills to play the game? + Funny children games: playing football; playing with toy cars; playing with a doll; playing treehouse; playing Hide and Seek; skipping ropes Sample: I played several games both outdoor games and indoor games. Among those games, I enjoyed playing chess than the others. This game does not involve any major physical movements like the other outdoor games but a chess player has to use his or her brain and make plan to defeat the opponent, so it makes our minds more active. That is the reason why I like it most and play it until now. + Players: playing with kids next door/ classmates/ with sisters or brothers/ parents Sample: Chess is an indoor game where two players participate. I mostly play chess with my friends and cousins. Sometimes I play it with my father and senior relatives. Playing chess requires only placing the board on a surface and a sitting position for the two players. Therefore, it is very convenient to play chess almost everywhere. I mostly play chess in our garden or my room. + Skills needed: turn-taking; competing; cooperating; working in teams; conflict-solving; concentrating Sample: This game requires players to make perfect plan, find weaknesses of the opponent and a battle strategy. A player can use his or strategy to allure the opponent to fall in trap which is much like a real battle field. Besides, playing chess gives you the feeling of being the King of the regime physical movements: chuy

ng, di chuy n

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make plan: lên k ho ch defeat the opponent:

i th

make (our) minds more active:

u óc (chúng ta) linh ho t, nhanh nh

find weaknesses of the opponent

my uc

a battle strategy: chi n thu t fall in trap: s p b y a battle field: chi

ng

Situation: You are planning your holiday. There are three suggestions: a beach holiday, a climbing holiday, and a sight-seeing holiday. Which do you think is the best choice for you? + A beach holiday: relaxing/ sunbathing on the beach; swimming in the sea; playing water sports; building sandcastles + A climbing holiday: climbing a mountain/ a rock; hanging at the mountain sides; camping on the top; discovering caves + A sight-seeing holiday: visiting famous tourist attractions, appreciate the nature and the wildlife; trying local foods; discovering new cultures T v ng: Beautiful scenery: phong c

p

Widen knowledge: m r ng ki n th c Coastal city: thành ph ven bi n Go for walks: get arthritis: b

o p

hike: leo núi Sample: I reckon I would choose a sight-seeing holiday as the most suitable choice for my holiday.

Well, I suppose that there are quite a few clear benefits. But I would probably say that the one thing that really stands out is that I can visit famous tourist attractions. This is obviously favorable because I can enjoy the beautiful scenery and save memory by taking photos. Besides this, a second

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plus point could be that we can discover new culture. This is definitely valuable since I am interested in learning something new during my holiday. Such a holiday not only helps me relax but also widen our knowledge. Also, it would be great that I have a chance to try the local foods.

It is also suggests that I choose a beach holiday and a climbing holiday. Regarding a beach holiday,

nied that there are some exciting activities at the beach such as sunbathing,

playing water sports or building sandcastles. However, I live in a coastal city, so I quite often go to the beach on the weekend to enjoy the sea food and play volleyball with my friends, or just go for walks there. Therefore, I want something different for my holiday.

It is clear that a climbing holiday is also a good idea. This is because I can climb the mountain and camp on the top. The fresh air on there would help me refresh my mind and feel relaxed. That sounds great! In spite of the positive points, a climbing holiday is not suitable. Because I get arthritis, it is difficult for me to hike.

For all these reasons, a sight-seeing holiday is the best choice for me.

PART 3: To Topic: Music should be taught in schools.

Music education (giáo d c âm nh c) - Relaxing: + Music at school can help fight stress and entertain students. (Âm nh c h c sinh ch ng và gi i trí.)

ng h c có th giúp

+ Soothing music helps students relax and keep calm. (Nh c nh giúp h - Memory-improving: (c i thi n trí nh ) + Music learners usually perform with memory. (Nh

i h c nh

+ The skill of memorization can help students study well. (K t pt

ng có trí nh t t.) s giúp h c sinh h c

- Helping with language and reasoning: (giúp phát tri n ngôn ng u và l p lu n) + Early musical training improves part of the brain which functions for language and reasoning.

(D y nh c s và lý lu n c a b não.) + Information can be imprinted on young minds with music and songs. (Thông tin có th sau vào trí nh tr nh âm nh c.)

-

c in

More ideas for music education at school (M t s ý khác)

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+ Students of music can develop imagination and creativity. (H c sinh h c nh c có th phát tri n kh ng và trí sáng t o.) + Students of music can be emotionally developed and have positive attitudes towards other cultures. (H c sinh h c nh c có th c phát tri n v c tích c i v i các n + Students of music can have better auditory attention, and pick out predictable patterns from surrounding noise. (H c sinh h c nh c t p trung chú ý v âm thanh t c nh ng lo i có th c t ti ng n xung quanh.)

Sample: We all know the benefits of music in our life. That is the reasons why it is said that music should be taught in schools.

To begin with, music at school can help fight stress and entertain students. In fact, soothing music helps students relax and keep calm.

Next, teaching music in schools also helps students improve their memories. This is because music learners usually perform with memory. As a result, the skill of memorization can help students study well.

Another advantage of teaching music at schools is helping with language and reasoning. Scientists point out that early musical training improves part of the brain which functions for language and reasoning. In addition to this, the left side of the brain is better developed with music, and songs can help imprint information on young minds.

Last but not least, music education at school helps students of music develop imagination and creativity. The reason for this is that kids who study the arts can learn to think creatively. This kind of education can help them solve problems by thinking outside the box and realizing that there may be more than one right answer. Therefore emic performance is improved.

All in all, because of the above reasons, I strongly agree that music education should be a part in schools.

- Should children be encouraged to learn music early?

Children should be encouraged to learn music early. (Tr em nên bé.) + feeling the sense of achievement (c m nh

c c m giác thành công)

+ keeping interested and engaged in school (say mê và g n bó v + learning to think creatively (h

c khuy n khích h c nh c t

ng l p)

o)

Sample:

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

+ Pers instruments such as guitar. So, children have more flexible fingers and they are more likely to find the correct feeling. + In my opinion, children should always have music classes. Music has been scientifically do people good if they can experience music from an early age.

-

? i tâm tr ng c

(Âm nh c có th

i)

+ Soothing music calms feelings. (Nh c nh có th làm cho c m xúc nh + Stimulating music wakes up feelings. (Nh c khu

c c m xúc.)

Sample: Yes, definitely. There are all kinds of music for all kinds of moods and situations. Scientists have recognized the power of music. For instance, when people are sad or have suffered a personal loss, sad music can be soothing and helpful, because people identify with the tone and lyrics of the music. Likewise, people under a lot of stress or experiencing frustrating circumstances can benefit from listening to angry music. While angry music might not help you if you're in a normal mood, its aggressive tone can be beneficial when dealing with stressful, frustrating circumstances. suffered a personal loss: tr i qua m t mát identify with the tone and lyrics: c m nh

u và l i bài hát

frustrating: n n lòng, th t v ng - How would life be like without music?

Life without music: (cu c s ng không có âm nh c) (không th làm giàu n

i)

+ failing to release the sense of emotional freedom (không th gi i t

c c m xúc)

T v ng: Play an important role:

ng

Disappear: bi n m t Enrich: làm giàu Inner life: cu c s ng n i tâm Soul: tâm h n A nutritious spiritual food

n

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

Indispensable: không th thi u Sample: Just as other kinds of art, music plays an important role in our life. So, if there was a day that music disappeared, I guess, our life would have become worse. The first thing I can think of is that we would fail to enrich our inner life and soul because we lost such a nutritious spiritual food.

In addition, we would be unlikely to release the sense of emotional freedom, which music brings become an indispensable part of human culture.

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

S ANSWER KEY

3

LISTENING

PART 1: 1D

2B

3B

4A

5D

6C

7D

8B

11 A

12 D

13 B

14 C

15 C

16 D

17 C

18 B

19 D

20 D

24 A

25 B

26 D

27 C

28 D

29 B

30 D

31 B

32 C

PART 2: 9B

10 B

PART 3: 21 B

22 C

23 A

33 D

34 A

35 C ANSWER KEY READING

PASSAGE 1: 1A

2B

3D

4C

5B

6A

7A

8C

9A

10 B

13 A

14 B

15 C

16 A

17 C

18 B

19 A

20 A

23 C

24 C

25 A

26 D

27 C

28 C

29 A

30 B

33 D

34 B

35 D

36 C

37 D

38 C

39 B

40 B

PASSAGE 2: 11 A

12 C

PASSAGE 3: 21 D

22 A

PASSAGE 4: 31 C

32 A

MODEL ANSWER

WRITING

TASK 1: Dear Clare, you are getting used to your new life.

How many bedrooms are there in your new house? Is there a garden in front? What do you like most about the house? Remember to send me some photos of it. I love to see them.

You know, missing some things and people here after you have moved to a new place is a matterof-course. However, I wonder who and what you miss. Do you miss me and the time we got together?

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Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

What about next September? I have a week off then, so I can arrange to go and stay with you for a few days.

Hope to hear from you soon.

All the best, Word count: 150 TASK 2: In most part of the world, including of Vietnam, the popularity of fast food is growing at a considerable rate. Some people hold the view that fast food poses several health hazards to consumers. However, personally, I strongly believe that eating fast food is a great idea for busy people for two following reasons.

To begin with, most people, especially young adults consider fast food as a convenient source of food. In fact, fast food can be prepared and served within a very short time. One day, if you get take the whole family straight to a KFC restaurant to eat some fried chicken with French fries.

Obviously, fast food industry helps to save human time.

Another reason is that eaters can enjoy the pleasant atmosphere in an air-conditioned fast food restaurant which is beautifully decorated with colorful lights, nice paintings, and modern multifeel relaxed and comfortable after hard work and enjoy the good taste of hamburgers, hot dogs, pizzas, and so on there.

Turning to the other side of the argument, consuming too much fast food is the cause of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. In fact, this kind of food is rich in fat, salt, artificial substances and oils, all of which increase the risk of those health problems. Some recent surveys show that the number of obese children is alarmingly on the increase.

All in all, n favor of the idea that going to a fast food restaurant for meals is the best choice when you are as busy as a bee. However, you should limit the amount of oily and salty fast food consumed due to lots of warnings of health threat suggested by doctors and nutritionists.

Word count: 315

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Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

SUGGESTED IDEAS FOR SPEAKING

i. Do you like to live in a noisy place or a quiet place?

Sample: I think it depends on our personalities introverted person, so my favorite living place would be in the countryside or a small town that is quiet and calm. This would be where I can just sit and relax while watching life pass by. depend (on): ph thu c (vào) personality: tính cách, nhân cách introverted: h

ng n i

ii. What kind of noise disturbs you most?

Sample: I hate noise from factories and construction sites. I louder speakers. They never fail to distract me from working or studying, thereby reducing my productivity.

Hate: ghét không th ch

c

distract (me) from working or studying: làm (tôi) sao nhãng h c hành hay phân tâm khi làm vi c reduce (my) productivity: làm gi

t

iii.

Does noise affect your health?

Sample: There are lots of noise-related problems, but in my opinion sleep disturbance is the worst. I am a light sleeper. On those nights when loud noise comes from the street, I am not able to get any sleep. noise-related problems: các v

n ti ng n

sleep disturbance: phá qu y/ làm phi n gi c ng light sleeper:

i khó ng

Situation: You are thinking about how to spend your evening. There are three options: hanging out with friends, reading books, and surfing the Internet. Explain your choice. + hanging out with friends:

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Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

dancing in a club eating in a fast-food restaurant having a barbecue going out for a coffee sitting and chatting + reading books: reading fiction/ non-fiction books reading before bedtime reading for fun reading for information + surfing the Internet: visiting favorite websites watching music videos researching a topic uploading/ downloading files chatting with friends checking e-mails Topic: There are several ways for people to make friends.

How to make friends iv. joining social events annual meetings; workshops; seminars; conferences; business dinners; shows; exhibitions; fair; charity events; music recitals v. forming interest-based groups sports clubs; cooking clubs; groups of movie-makers/ stamp collectors/ cartoonists; art clubs; drama clubs vi. attending parties wedding receptions; ceremonies; year-end parties; anniversaries; family celebrations; gatherings; company parties vii. more ideas about ways to make friends volunteering; joining social network sites; travelling; working in teams viii.

Should people trust online friends? Why or why not?

Online friends + having things in common because the connections based on location, education, experiences, hobbies, age, gender, religions + having frequent communication between individuals via the Internet

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!

+ easily leading to a friendship, a romantic relationship, or a business partnership in real life ix. What factors can contribute to a true friendship?

True friends + having common interests; being good listeners; showing loyalty; making friendship a priority + inspiring/ trusting/ accepting/ supporting/ encouraging/ respecting each other x. Which one is more important: family or friends?

Family vs friends + Family members are close by nature. + Friends are close by interests of personality. + Both family and friendship are true cause of happiness. + Both family and friendship give a sense of love, joy and laughter. + Family ties tend to be longer and more reassuring.

Thích Tiếng Anh - thichtienganh.com - Học Tiếng Anh miễn phí!