The objective of the present study was to determine whether bias (over- or under-estimation of self-competence) affects pre-training ratings and hence distorts the
actual participation effect of experiential workshops.
Assessments were held during “empathy in doctor-patient relationship” elective courses held during winter 2014, spring 2015 and winter 2016 at Ioannina's Medical
School, University of Ioannina, Greece.