BHARAT ME KHADI AUR GRAMODHYOG KA TULNATMAK KARYA NISHPADAN EVAM SAMBHAVANO KA ADHYAYAN

BHARAT ME KHADI AUR GRAMODHYOG KA TULNATMAK KARYA NISHPADAN EVAM SAMBHAVANO KA ADHYAYAN Hkkjr esa [kknh vkSj xzkeks|ksx dk rqyukRed dk;Z fu”iknu o lEHkkoukvksa dk v/;;u

ABSTRACT

izLrqr

bl ckr dks izLrqr djrk gSA Hkkjrh; laLd`fr esa xkao Hkkjr dh vkRek ds izrhd ds :i esa loZfofnr gS D;ksafd gekjh vkcknh dk izeq[k fgLlk xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrk gS vkSj gekjs ns'k dh izxfr xkaoksa ds le`f) dk i;kZ; gS bl laca/k esa [kkjh xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx us o”kksZa ls LFkk;h jkstxkj ds volj iznku dj oafpr xzkeh.k dkjhxjksa dh lkekftd vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lq/kkj gsrq fofHkUu dkjhxj dsfUnzr dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e ls izHkkoh lk/ku ds :i esa viuh fufgr {kerk dk izn'kZu fd;k gSA [kknh xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx jkstxkj l`tu] fcØh ;ksX; oLrqvksa ds mRiknu vkSj xzkeh.k xjhcksa esa vkRek fuHkZjrk ds l`tu ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr ds xkaoksa dk fodkl lqfuf'pr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk dj jgh gSA dqath 'kCn% jkstxkj] mRiknu] fcØh] vtZu] fodklA

izLrkouk%

Hkkjr ds [kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx {ks= dk orZeku Lo:i ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa egRoiw.kZ LFkku j[krk gS Hkkjr esa jkstxkj dh izcy lEHkkouk,a fodkl dh lEHkkoukvksa ds y{; dh vksj baafdr dj ns'k ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk dj jgh gSA [kknh vkSj xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx ,d fof/k fufgr laLFkk gS ftldh LFkkiuk laln ds vf/kfu;e ¼1956 ds 61osa vf/kfu;e }kjk rFkk 1987 ds vf/kfu;e 12 vkSj 2006 ds vf/kfu;e 10 }kjk la'kksf/kr½ }kjk gqbZA bldk dk;Z xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa [kknh vkSj xzkeks|ksx ds fodkl eas yxs vU; vfHkdj.kkas ds lkFk leUo; djuk Hkh gS vizSy 1957 esa LFkkfir gksrs gh blus HkwriwoZ vf[ky Hkkjr [kknh vkSj xzkeks|ksx eaMy dk dk;Z vius gkFkksa esa ysdj vuojr :i ls dk;Z fu”iknu esa vxzlj gks jgh gS ftlesa fy, x, 'kCn xzkeks|ksx dk vFkZ xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir dksbZ Hkh m|ksx tks fctyh dk bLrseky djds ;k fcuk bLrseky fd;s dksbZ oLrq mRikfnr djrk gks ;k dksbZ lsok djrk gks 'kkfey gS orZeku esa xzkeks|ksx 7 lewgksa ds varZxr mRiknu o lsok iznku esa vuojr :i ls yxk gqvk gS&

1- [kfut vk/kkfjr m|ksx

2- ou vk/kkfjr m|ksx

3- d`f”k vk/kkfjr ,oa [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx

4- cgqyd ,oa jlk;u vk/kkfjr m|ksx

5- gkFk dkxt ,oa js'kk m|ksx

6- xzkeh.k vfHk;kaf=dh ,oa tSo izkS|ksfxdh m|ksx

7- lsok@diM+k@ikyh oL= m|ksx ;s m|ksx xzkeh.k fodkl esa jr vU; vfHkdj.kksa ds leUo; ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa [kknh vkSj xzkeks|ksxh ;kstuk cukus mls fodflr djus laxfBr djus vkSj LFkkiuk esa lgk;rk nsus ds vykok [kknh vkSj xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds varxZr bu m|ksxksa eas yxs dkjhxjksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds varxZr bu m|ksaxksa esa yxs dkjhxjksa dks izf'k{k.k fnykus vkSj muesa lgdkfjrk dh Hkkouk iSnk dj [kknh xzkeks|ksxh {ks= esa dke esa ykbZ tk jgh mRiknu rduhdksa esa vuqla/kku dks izksRlkfgr djus rFkk fodflr djus] mRikndrk c<+kus] tkuysok Je dks de djus vkSj mudh izfr;ksxh {kerk c<+kus rFkk bl izdkj vuqla/kku ls izkIr fo'ks”k ifj.kkeksa dks nwj&nwj rd igqapkus ds mn~ns'; ls xSj ijEijkxr ÅtkZ vkSj fo|qr 'kfDr bLrseky Hkh vk;ksx ds mRrjnkf;Ro esa 'kkfey dj fodkl dh ubZ ifjHkk”kk jprs

gq, jpukRed n`f”Vdks.k izdV dj vius ekxZ esa iz'kLr gks jgk gSA lkfgR; iquZjkoyksdu%&

¼1½ iky lqHkk”kpanz vkys[k dq:{ks= if=dk ¼vDVwcj 2014½ fo”k;%& ^^ xzkeh.k Hkkjr dks Lokoyach cukuk [kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx**

dsUnz ljdkj dk iz;kl gS fd xako ds gj gkFk dks dke feys i<+s fy[ks ukStokuksa ds lkFk gh vf'kf{kr ukStoku Hkh fdlh dk eqag rkdus ds ctk; [kqn dk dkjksckj 'kq: djsaA bl fn'kk esa [kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx foHkkx dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gS bl foHkkx ds tfj, fofHkUu izf'k{k.kksa ds tfj;s ;qokvksa dks Lokoyacu jkg fn[kkbZ tk jgh gS ,sls esa izfro”kZ vkfFkZd raxh >sy jgs lSdM+ksa xzkeh.k ukStoku [kqn dk dkjksckj izkjaHk dj ik jgs gSaA

¼2½ lDlsuk _”kHk d`”.k vkys[k dq:{ks= if=dk ¼vDVwcj 2015½ fo”k;%& ^^[kknh esa jkstxkj dh laHkkouk,a** ljdkj us [kknh vkSj gFkdj?kk m|ksx ds fy, dbZ ;kstukvksa dh ?kks”k.kk dh gSA buesa iz/kkuea=h jkstxkj l`tu dk;ZØe izeq[k gS] ftlesa xSj d`f”k {ks=ksa esa xzkaeh.k m|ksx yxkus ds fy, _.k esa lfClMh dk izko/kku gSA blh izdkj cktkj rS;kj djus esa lgk;rk ds fy, ,eMh, ;kstuk vkbZ gS vkSj [kknh cquus okys O;fDr dks dke djus ds fy, 'ksM rS;kj djus vkSj midj.k [kjhnus gsrq rdZ 'ksM ;kstuk ds rgr foRrh; lgk;rk nh tkrh gSA blh izdkj gFkdj?kk dyLVj ds fy, lgk;rk jkf'k Hkh 60 yk[k :i;s ls c<+kdj 2 djksM+ :i;s dj nh xbZ gSA eqnzk cSad rks igys ls gh gS tks lw{e vkSj y?kq m|ekasa dks lgk;rk nsus ds fy, LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gSA ¼3½ ;kno panzHkku vkys[k dq:{ks= if=dk ¼vDVwcj 2015½ fo”k;%& ^^egkRek xka/kh vkSj [kknh** jk”Vªfirk egkRek xka/kh us pj[kk pykdj vkSj lwr dkrdj Lok/khurk dh tax ds lkFk gh Lokoyacu dh tax Hkh thrhA egkRek xak/kh dh vksj ls 'kq: fd;k x;k [kknh dk vfHk;ku flQZ diM+ksa rd lhfer ugha jgk cfYd ;g rks vktknh dh yM+kbZ dk izrhd cu x;k gSA vkt Hkh [kknh ds :i esa egkRek xka/kh dk lans'k gekjs chp ekStwn gSA xka/kh th us dgk Fkk fd [kknh ,d fopkj gSA [kknh ,d lans'k gSA [kknh ,d n'kZu gSA blh n'kZu ds ne ij vkt [kknh ds tfj,

Dr.DeepaDewangan

AssistantProfessor(Commerce),Govt.SukhramNageCollegeNagri,Dist.Dhamtari(Chhattisgarh)

jkstxkj ds lk/ku c<+ jgs gSaA

'kks/k esa Hkkjr esa [kknh o xzkeks|ksx ds dk;ksZa ds fu”iknu esa jkstxkj o mRiknu] fcØh o ykHk vtZu dk fo'ys”k.kkRed v/;;u fo”k;

¼4½ nk/khp] ckysUnz 'kekZ vkys[k dq:{ks= ¼vDVwcj 2015½ fo”k;%& ^^[kknh dh nqfu;k dk dk;kdYi dj ldrk gS baVjusV** xkaoksa esa czkaMcSaM dusfDVfofV igqap tkus ls gj vkeks[kkl xzkeh.k dks nqfu;k esa mHkjrs u, voljksa ls tksM+k tk ldsxkA [kknh ds {ks= esa dk;Z djus okys cqudj vkSj dkjhxj Hkh buesa 'kkfey gS baVjusV ls tqM+dj os csgrj rjhdksa dks lh[k jgs gSaa

¼5½ laxhrk vkys[k dq:{ks= ¼vDVwcj 2015½ fo”k;%& ^^efgykvksa dks jkstxkj miyC/k djk jgk lksyj pj[kk** [kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx dh vksj ls efgykvksa dks jkstxkj fnykus dh fn'kk esa pj[ks dk Hkh fujarj fodkl fd;k tk jgk gSA efgykvksa dks lksyjpfyr pj[kk miyC/k djk;k tk jgk gS rkfd mUgsa de Je esa vf/kd ykHk fey ldsaA

¼6½ d';i] txUukFk dqekj vkys[k dq:{ks= ¼vDVwcj 2015½ fo”k;%& ^^y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksx esa jkstxkj** y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksx ds ek/;e ls ge Hkkjr ds nwjnjkt ds {ks=ksa esa jkstxkj l`ftr dj ldrs gSa larqfyr fodkl ds y{; dks lk/k ldrs gSa ,oa varr% izfrO;fDr vk;

esa o`f) dj ldrs gSaA xkao&xkao rd y?kq m|ksxksa ds izlkj ls gekjs vuqi;qDr lalk/kuksa dk Hkh vuqdwyre mi;ksx laHko gks ik,xkA

mn~ns'; %

1- [kknh o xzkeks|ksx foHkkx esa py jgs dk;ZØeksa ls jkstxkj o vtZu ij iM+ jgs izHkko dk v/;;u

2- [kknh o xzkeks|ksx foHkkx eas 10 o”kZ ds v/;;u dj mRiknu o fcØh dh fLFkfr dk v/;;u djukA

'kks/k ifjdYiuk %

1- [kknh o xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx }kjk pyk;s tk jgs dk;ZØe lqpk: :i ls py jgs gSA

2- [kknh o xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx }kjk pyk, tk jgs dk;ZØeksa ls mRiknu fcØh] jkstxkj vtZu ij ldkjkRed izHkko ls ns'k fodkl dh izcy laHkkoukvksa dh vksj vxzlj gks jgk gSA

[kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx dk rqyukRed dk;Z fu”iknu

Comparative,performanceofkhadi&VillageIndustries(Rs.-incroreandemploymentinlakhpersons) S.No. Parliculars 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

I Procluction

(A)Khadi 716.98 761.93 811.08 879.99 1065.60 1401.84 1465.21 1765.51 2058.53 1668.61

(B)polyvastra - - - - 92.84 118.89 159.67 191.70 258.94 230.51

(C)solarvastra - - - - - - 1.78 6.09 6.77 5.37 total 716.98 761.93 811.08 879.99 1158.44 1520.83 1626.66 1963.30 2324.24 1904.49

(D)villageindustrees 21135.06 23262.31 25298.00 26689.39 33331.78 41110.26 46454.75 56167.04 65343.07 70330.66 Total-I 21852.04 24024.24 26109.08 27569.37 34490.22 42631.09 48081.41 58130.30 67667.31 72235.15

II Sales

(A)Khadi 967.87 1021.56 1081.04 1170.38 1510.00 2007.61 2249.18 2854.19 3634.41 3085.53

(B)polyvastra - - - - 153.98 138.99 259.32 355.47 570.92 436.52 (C)solarvastra - - - - - - 1.71 5.47 5.93 5.66 total 967.87 1021.56 1087.04 1170.38 1663.98 2146.60 2510.21 3215.13 4211.26 3527.71

(D)villageindustrees 25829.26 26818.13 30073.16 31965.52 40230.58 49991.61 56672.22 71076.96 84664.28 92213.65 Total-II 26797.13 27839.69 31154.20 33135.90 41894.56 52138.21 59182.43 74292.09 88875.54 95741.36

III Employment

(A)Khadi 10.45 10.71 10.98 11.06 11.07 4.28 4.34 4.60 4.61 4.61

(B)polyvastra - - - - 0.50 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 (C)solarvastra - - - - - - 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.06 total 10.45 10.71 10.98 11.06 11.57 4.56 4.65 4.96 4.97 4.97

(D)villageindustrees 108.65 114.05 119.40 123.19 126.26 131.84 135.71 142.03 147.76 154.09 Total-III 119.10 124.76 130.38 134.25 137.83 136.40 140.36 146.99 152.73 159.06

IV Earhing

(A)Khadi 449.02 459.18 469.56 483.37 604.29 730.08 761.83 916.31 1066.04 865.13

(B)polyvastra - - - - 54.89 62.65 81.67 98.06 132.45 117.90 (C)solarvastra - - - - - - 0.91 3.01 3.28 2.74 total 449.02 459.18 469.56 483.37 659.18 792.73 844.41 1017.38 12010.77 985.77

(D)villageindustrees 10034.11 10438.28 10767.09 11171.15 14820.64 18662.51 21549.79 26103.82 29412.15 31819.48 Total-IV 10483.13 10897.46 11236.65 11654.52 15479.82 19456.24 22394.20 27121.20 30613.92 32805.25

¼4½ nk/khp] ckysUnz 'kekZ vkys[k dq:{ks= ¼vDVwcj 2015½ fo”k;%& ^^[kknh dh nqfu;k dk dk;kdYi dj ldrk gS baVjusV** xkaoksa esa czkaMcSaM dusfDVfofV igqap tkus ls gj vkeks[kkl xzkeh.k dks nqfu;k esa mHkjrs u, voljksa ls tksM+k tk ldsxkA [kknh ds {ks= esa dk;Z djus okys cqudj vkSj dkjhxj Hkh buesa 'kkfey gS baVjusV ls tqM+dj os csgrj rjhdksa dks lh[k jgs gSaa

¼5½ laxhrk vkys[k dq:{ks= ¼vDVwcj 2015½ fo”k;%& ^^efgykvksa dks jkstxkj miyC/k djk jgk lksyj pj[kk**

[kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx dh vksj ls efgykvksa dks jkstxkj fnykus dh fn'kk esa pj[ks dk Hkh fujarj fodkl fd;k tk jgk gSA efgykvksa dks lksyjpfyr pj[kk miyC/k djk;k tk jgk gS rkfd mUgsa de Je esa vf/kd ykHk fey ldsaA

¼6½ d';i] txUukFk dqekj vkys[k dq:{ks= ¼vDVwcj 2015½ fo”k;%& ^^y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksx esa jkstxkj** y?kq ,oa dqVhj m|ksx ds ek/;e ls ge Hkkjr ds nwjnjkt ds {ks=ksa esa jkstxkj l`ftr dj ldrs gSa larqfyr fodkl ds y{; dks lk/k ldrs gSa ,oa varr% izfrO;fDr vk; esa o`f) dj ldrs gSaA xkao&xkao rd y?kq m|ksxksa ds izlkj ls gekjs vuqi;qDr lalk/kuksa dk Hkh vuqdwyre mi;ksx laHko gks ik,xkA

mn~ns'; %

1- [kknh o xzkeks|ksx foHkkx esa py jgs dk;ZØeksa ls jkstxkj o vtZu ij iM+ jgs izHkko dk v/;;u

2- [kknh o xzkeks|ksx foHkkx eas 10 o”kZ ds v/;;u dj mRiknu o fcØh dh fLFkfr dk v/;;u djukA

'kks/k ifjdYiuk %

1- [kknh o xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx }kjk pyk;s tk jgs dk;ZØe lqpk: :i ls py jgs gSA

2- [kknh o xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx }kjk pyk, tk jgs dk;ZØeksa ls mRiknu fcØh] jkstxkj vtZu ij ldkjkRed izHkko ls ns'k fodkl dh izcy laHkkoukvksa dh vksj vxzlj gks jgk gSA

lanHkZ xzaFk lwph %

I. vxzoky] vfer] Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k lekt] foosd izdk'ku] fnYyh] 2007

II. vf[kys'k ¼MkW-½ nqcs] 2006] Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k fodkl ,dsMeh izsl bykgkckn ¼mRrjizns'k½

III. c?ksy ¼MkW-½ Mh-,l- m|ksx vkSj lekt] oSy fizaVl izk-fy- Hkksiky

IV nslkbZ] ,-vkj- ¼2012½ Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k lekt 'kkL=] jkor ifCyds'kUl ubZ fnYyh

V dqj{ks= if=dk vDVwcj 2015

VI. KVIC dk okf”kZd izfrosnu okf”kZd fjiksVZ 2012&13] 2014&15] 2016&17] 2018&19] 2020&21

VII. m|ferk if=dk