1ProfessorandHead,DeptofRognidan,PMTAyurvedCollege,Shevgaon,Dist-Ahmednagar,MaharshtraState,India. 2ProfessorandHead,DeptofShalya,PMTAyurvedCollege,Shevgaon,Dist-Ahmednagar,Maharshtrastate,India.
3AssistantProfessor,DeptofKriyasharir,PMTAyurvedCollege,Shevgaon,Dist-Ahmednagar,Maharshtrastate,India.
ABSTRACT
The fundamental principles ofAyurveda are eternal and can be applied in any era.The principles of other sciences have changed from time to time, but the basic PrinciplesofAyurvedahavenotchanged.Dosha,dhatu,malaarethebasiccomponentsofthebody AllAcharyashasgivenprimeimportanttoVATAintridoshas. Duringthesara-kittavibhajana,Vataisproducedbykitta(mala).Sara-kittavibhajanatakesplaceinthekoshtha.VataworddenotesGati&Gandha.Vataconsistsof VayuandAakashmahabhutinlargequantity Vatagunasareruksha,sheet,laghu,sukshma,chal,vishadkharVatadoshaoccupiesalltheplacesinthebodyespecially Pakwashaya,Shroni,GudaAsthi&Majja.Thereare5typesofVata.-Prana,UdanaVyanaSamanaapana.Vataistheinitialfactorforstartingallthechesta(movements) ofthebodyandmind.Allsevendhatudoestheirfunctioninthebodybecauseofvata.Itplaysimportantroleinmaintainingtheagni,Utsaha,ucchwasa,nishwasa, chesta,veg-pravartana,akshepampatwennimeshaetc.
PrakrutiparikshanaisincludedinDashavidhaparikshabyAcharyaCharaka.Prakrutiingarbhaisstatedanditiscontinuedtobetheprakrutiofthatpersonforlifetime. Doshawhicharepresentingreaterextentthatdoshaprakrutiissaidtobetheprakrutiofthepersonafterthebirth.So,theprakrutiofsomepeopleiskaphaja,pittal, vatala,somepeoplearehavingdvandvaja(twodoshatogether),andsomearehavingSamadhatuprakrutii.e.,allthreedoshaarepresentinequalextent. GunasofVayuarereflectedinvataprakruti.Satata-shabdagaminaisseeninsandhiofVataprakrutipersonswhichisacracklingsoundofjointsreferstonon-sliminess crackedbodypartandconstantsoundinjointsduringmovement.
ThisstudywasdonetoassesstherelationbetweenVatapradhanPrakrutiandSatatsandhishabdgamin.200individualswereselectedfrombothsexesofagegroup20to 40yearsforscreening.DetailinformationwastakenofeveryindividualtodecidePrakrutiofindividualandresearchrelateddatawascollectedbyaskingthequestions toeveryindividual.Chisquaretest-testofassociationwasusedtoprovetherelationbetweenVatapradhanprakrutiandSatatsandhishabdagamin.Statisticallyitwas provedthatthereisassociationbetweenVatapradhanprakrutiandSatatsandhishabdagami.
KEYWORDS:vata,vatapradhanprakruti,satatsandhishabdagamin.
Acharya Sushruta is the most appropriate eventoday Itstatesthatallthedoshas,dhatusandmalasareinthestateofequilibriumandwhosesoul,sensesandmindareinastateofprasannata(happiness)
Prakrutiisinrelationwithoneortwoorthreedoshaandaccordingtothatdosha canberesemblesingarbhaingarbhashayduringpregnancy Prakrutiingarbhais stated and it is continued to be the prakruti of that person for lifetime. Dosha whicharepresentingreaterextentthatdoshaprakrutiissaidtobetheprakrutiof the person after the birth. So, the prakruti of some people is shleshmala (kaphaja),pittal,vatala,somepeoplearehavingdvandvaja(twodoshatogether), andsomearehavingSamadhatuprakrutii.e.,allthreedoshaarepresentinequal extent.LakshanasofVataPrakrutiareduetoGunasofVayu.
1. Ruksha–ShariraofVataprakrutipurushameansthebodybuiltiscomparativelysmall,andskinappearstoberough.Svaraisruksha,ksham, manda,jarjara(soundwhichiscomingfromthebrokenpot).Thesepeoplearesvayamjagruka-theyarehavingalesssleeptimingcomparedto otherprakrutipeople.
InordertoattaintheduelaimsofAyurveda,oneshouldhaveknowledgeofthree majorfactors,whichismandatoryforaphysician.Sciencehastwowingsoneis fundamentalconceptsonthesubstratumwhichthescienceisbasedandsecond wing is practical application of those fundamental concepts in routine life. E.g Tridosh,SamanyVishesa,Dravya,guna,karma,etc.
Dosha,Dhatu and Mala are the basic components of body.There are 3 dosha according to the allAcharyas, except Sushruta who included Rakta as the 4th dosha.AllAcharyashavegivenprimeimportancetoVATAintridoshas.During the sara-kitta vibhajana, Vata is produced by kitta (mala). Sara-kitta vibhajana [3] takesplaceinthekoshtha.Thus,vatainkoshthacontrolstheall-bodyfunctions. VataworddenotesGati&Gandha.VayuandAakashmahabutaaredominantin [4] vatadoshahavingruksha,sheet,laghu,sukshma,chal,vishadkharadguna.
Vatadoshaoccupiesalltheplacesinthebody Itistheinitialfactorforstartingall thechesta(movements)ofthebody Itisresponsibleforthechalagunaofmana. Allsevendhatuperformtheirfunctionbecauseofvataonly VataisthebasicreasonfortheSparshaandShabda.Itplaysimportantroleinmaintainingtheagni. Utsaha, ucchwasa, nishwasa, chesta, veg-pravartana, akshepam patwen nimesha, (blinking of eyes) are the functions of vata. Vata has 5 types- prana, udana,vyana,samana,apanahavingdifferentstana[site/location],karya[func-
tions]
Acharya Charak has included Prakruti parikshana in Dashavidha pariksha.
2. Laghu – Gati, Cheshta, ahara, and vihara are laghu and chanchala. Chala–Sandhi,Akshi,Bhru,Hanu,Oshtha,Jivha,Shira,Skandha,Pani paadaareanavasthitai.e.,thesepeoplearecontinuouslyhavingamovementoftheirjoints,eyes,mandible,lips,tongue,head,shoulder,hand andfeetbecauseofChalaguna. Bahu–thesepeopledothepralapi.e., continuouslytalkingbutsometimeitisirrelevanttalking.Kandara,sira pratana are bahu. Sheeghra – these people start any work very early, kshobhavikaraarealsostartedatearlystageinheart,theyfeerearlyor easilyforsmallthings,theystarttoloveearlyandstartstohatealsoin early GrahanShaktiistremendousinthesepeople.Theyrememberthe thingsbyonlyhearingbutitvanishesfrombrainsofast.
3. Sheeta – These persons are having intolerance for cold weather Sheetajavikara(cold),kampana(tremors),stambha(stiffnessinbody) iscommonlyseeninthesepeople.4.Parusha–becauseofparushaguna of vayu, kasha (hair), shmashru (beard), roma (hairs on body), nakha (nails), dashana (teeth), vadana (face), pani (hands), paada (legs) are parusha-roughinnature.
5. Vishada–sphutangavayava-thereareroughnessandcracksonbody Satata-shabdagaminaisseeninsandhiofVataprakrutipersons-thereis sound in the joints while doing the movements of joints. Satatashabdagamina means sandhi-sphutana shabda vanta-there is a cracklingsoundofjoints.
So,theseVataprakrutipeoplearealpabalvan(havinglessstrength),alpa-aayu (lesslifeintermsofyears),alpa-apatya(lessnumberofchildren),alpa-sadhana [7] andalpa-dhana(lessnumberofwealthwhilecomparedtoothers.
A satasandhishabdgamina refers to non-sliminess cracked body part and constantsoundinjointsduringmovement
To revalidate ancient references with present era to observe incidence of Satatsandhishabdgaminindoshajprakruti
SatatsandhishabdagamincanbecorrelatedwithJointCrepitusinmodern. Crepitus,sometimescalledcrepitation(krep-i-tay-shen),describesanygrinding, creaking, cracking, grating, crunching, or popping that occurs when moving a joint.Peoplecanexperiencecrepitusatanyage,butitbecomesmorecommonas peoplegetolder
Thiscanbedetectedbyfeelingthejointwithonehandwhilemovingitpassively with the other This may indicate osteoarthritis, or loose bodies (cartilaginous fragments) in the joint space, but should be differentiated from non-specific [9] clickingofjoints.
AIM:
To assess the relation between Vatapradhan Prakruti and Satatsandhishabdgamin.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To study the concept of doshaj prakruti through classical literature of Ayurveda.
2. To assess the incidence of satatsandhishabdgamin in vatapradhan prakruti withcomparisontootherprakruti
3. Tostudywhichanubandhadoshainvatapradhanprakrutihasrelationwith Satatsandishabdhgamin.
Nullhypothesis:
ThereisnoassociationbetweentheVatapradhanPrakrutiandSoundheardby otherpeopleduringmovement.
Alternativehypothesis:
There is an association between theVata pradhan Prakruti and Sound heard by otherpeopleduringmovement.
MATERIALANDMETHOD: Total200volunteerwhoarehavingsatatsandhishabdgaminselectedfromstudy areairrespectiveofgender,religion,economicstatus,educationandoccupation
Inclusivecriteria: Ÿ Individualsfrombothsexesofagegroup20to40years Ÿ Personwillingforparticipationinthestudyandreadytoinform Ÿ VolunteerhavingSatatsandhishabdgamin
Exclusivecriteria: Ÿ Agegroupexcept20to40years Ÿ
H/oandK/C/Oanyorthopedicdisorders Ÿ Notwillingfortrial
Researchtool:
DatacollectedbyquestionnairemethodwasrecordedandenteredintoMicrosoft excel software and statistical analysis was done by various tools like bar diagrams,histograms,piechartetc.
StudyDesign: Itwasafundamentalandobservational(survey)study theproposed studywas doneonfollowinglevelssimultaneously
1) Reviewofworkdone:Reviewofsimilarworkdoneatvariousuniversityandresearchinstitutetakenindetails.
2) Review of literature: Literature study of Vatapradhan Prakruti and satatsandhishabdgaminwasdoneindetailsaccordingtoAyurvedaand modern.
3) Collection of data: Selection of volunteer having satatsandhishabdgaminalongwiththeirPrakrutiassessmentwiththehelpofproforma ofprakrutiparikshan.
4) Assessment of data: incidence of satatsandhishabdgamin in different prakrutiwiththehelpofobservationandproperstatisticaltest.
Studydesignisexplainedintermsofflowchartsgivenbelow
Flowchartno1: Methodofactualobservationalstudy: screeningof200volunteers ↓
Selectionofindividualsofasatatsandhishabdgaminwithhelpofquestionaires andobservation ↓
QuestionnaireandObservationofsiteofsatatsandhishabdgamin ↓ Assessmentofsatatsandhishabdgamin Screeningofselectedindividualsofinsatatsandhishabdgaminforprakriti assessment ↓
Toobserveincidenceofsatatsandhishabdgamindifferentprakrutiandasses relationbetweenprakrutiandsatatsandhishabdgamin ↓ discussion ↓
Conclusionregardingrelationbetweenprakrutiandsatatsandhishabdgamin ↓ Summary
FlowChartno.2: Samplingplan-Samplesize=200 Itwaslongitudinalsurvey
Selectionoftopic Selectionof200individualsforsurvey ↓ writtenconsentforsurvey ↓ Fillingupofsurveypaper ↓ Observations ↓ Interpretation ↓ statisticalanalysis ↓ Discussion ↓ Conclusion
TableNo.5:Satatsandhishabdagaminwisedistribution
in questionnaire. There were 47 % individuals were having Vata pradhan prakrutiandalmostequalnumberofindividualswerehavingconstipation.It means 44 % Individuals were of Krura koshtha and ultimately of Vata pradhanprakruti.
TableNo.6:Soundheardbyotherpeopleduringmovementwise distribution
TableNo.7:Constipationwisedistribution
Prakruti: Maximum no. of individuals i.e. 35 % were having Vata-Pitta prakruti, followed by 17.5 % individuals were having Pitta-Vata prakruti, 16.5 % And 12 % individuals were having Pitta-Kapha and Vata-Kapha prakruti respectively, 10 % individuals were having Kapha-Pitta prakruti, and 9 % individuals were having Kapha-Vata prakruti. The present study may reveal that 47 % individuals were havingVata pradhana Prakruti and theseindividualsaremoresusceptibletoSatatsandhishabdagamin.
Statisticalanalysis:
As all 200 individuals selected in this research study were having Satatsandhishabdagamin, so for statistical analysis of the study Prakruti and severity of Satatsandhishabdagamin was tasted. Severity of SatatsandhishabdagaminwasdecidedaccordingtotheanswerintermsofYes/Noforthequestion–Soundheardbyotherpeople.Accordingtothatfollowingstatisticalanalysiswasdone.
PrakrutiandSoundheardbyotherpeopleduringmovement
TableNo.8:Prakrutiwisedistribution
DISCUSSION
The observations made on 200 individuals of Individuals who were having Satatsandhishabdagamindiscussedbelow:
Age:maximumnumbersofindividualsi.e.50.5%werefromtheagegroup of25to30years,followedby24.5%werefromtheagegroupof30to35 years,14%werefromtheagegroupof35to40years,and14%ofindividualsintheagegroupof20to25years.Fromthepresentstudyitwasobserved thatSatatsandhishabdagaminwasmostlyobservedintheagegroupof25to 35years.
Gender:maximumnumbersofindividualsi.e.53%wereFemaleswhile47 %individualswereMales.ItmeansSatatsandhishabdagaminisnotrelated to Gender as almost 50 % female and 50 % male were included in this researchstudy
Occupation:Thepresentstudyshowedthat81%individualswerehaving Easywork,and19%individualswerehavingHardwork.Soaccordingto this reading we can predict that individuals who were doing easy type of workwerehavingmorepercentagesoSatatsandhishabdagaminisrelatedto RoutinelifestyleorPrakrutianditisnotduetoHardwork.So,atthemiddle agehardworkdoesn‟thaveanyroleregardingSatatsandhishabdagamin.
Bodymovement:Majorityoftheindividualsi.e.54.5%werehavingPainfulbodymovement,andremaining45.5%individualswerehavingPainless bodymovement.Almost50%individualsfromthisresearchstudywerehavingPainlessbodymovement;itmeansSatatsandhishabdagaminisnothavingpainfullmovementallthetime.
Satatsandhishabdagamin: all 200 individuals were having Satatsandhishabdagamin.Thisistheinclusioncriteriaofthisresearchstudy.Individuls whowerehavingSatatsandhishabdagaminwereincludedandaccordingto thoseotherpointswerecorrelated.
Sound heard by other people: in 61 % individuals sound was not heard by otherpeopleandin39%individualssoundwasheardbyotherpeoplewhile doingbodymovement.AsSatatsandhishabdagaminwastheinclusioncriteria but to study the severity of Satatsandhishabdagamin, this question was addedinquestionnaire.
Constipation:Inthepresentstudy,maximumindividualsi.e.56%weredis nothaveconstipationand44%individualswerehavingConstipation.There are3typesofKoshthaexplainedinAyurvedictexts.Krurakoshthawasgenerally found in Vata pradhan prakruti. This study was also regarding Vata pradhanprakrutiindividualssoquestionregardingconstipationwasadded
Chi square test applied to prove whether there is association between the Vata [10] pradhanPrakrutiandSoundheardbyotherpeopleduringmovement.
2 Chisquare(X )valueoftheabovetableis6.983.
Degreesoffreedom(df)=(Column–1)(Row–1)
=(3–1)(2–1)
=(2)(1) =2
2 Chisquare(X )tabulatedvalueofdf=2is5.99atP<0.05i.e.,at95%levelofsignificance.
2 2
Asthecalculatedchisquare(X )value(6.983)ishigherthanthetabulated(X ) value (5.99), we should reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis.
ProbabilityofthedifferenceoccurringinVatapradhanPrakrutiandSoundheard byotherpeopleduringmovementbychanceislessthan5outof100cases,i.e. probability of not getting the difference between Vata pradhan Prakruti and Sound heard by other people during movement in nature is 95 %. So, theVata pradhanPrakrutiandSoundheardbyotherpeopleduringmovementareassociatedorinterdependent.
CONCLUSION:
1. There is an association between Vata Pradhan prakruti and Satatsandhishabdagamin.
SatatsandhishabdagaminisseenmostlyinVatapradhanindividualsofage between25to35years.
2. Satatsnadhishabdagamin is a physiological change observed in Vata pradhanasitwasgenerallyseenPainless.
3. SatatsandhishabdagaminisobservednormallyinVatapradhanprauktiindividualsanditwasnotrelatedtoHardwork.
4. ConstipationwasalsoobservedinVatapradhanprakruti. REFERENCES:
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