Research Paper
Education
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 4 | April 2019
SHAHARI V GRAMIN BHAVI ADHYAPKON V ADHYAPIKAON KE KAKSHA KAKSH VYAVHAR KA TULNATMAK ADHYAYAN 1
*Anita Kumari | Dr. Arvind Ashiya 1 2
2
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, Mohanlal Shukhadia University, Udaipur, India - 313001. (*Corresponding Author) Lecturer, Department of Education, Vidhya Bhawan G.S.T. College, Udaipur, India-313001.
ABSTRACT
f”k{kd dk d{kk esa O;ogkj cgqr egRo j[krk gSA f”k{kd dk d{kkd{k O;ogkj eq[; #i ls ckyd ds O;ogkj dks izHkkfor rFkk ifjofrZr djus esa lgk;d gksrk gS orZeku le; esa v/;kid dh d{kkd{k O;ogkj rFkk Nk= vUr%fdz;k ls lEcfU/kr “kks/k dk;ksZ dh vf/kd vko”;drk eglwl dh tk jgh gS D;kasfd v/;kid ds d{kkxr O;ogkj gh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyC/kh rFkk fu'ifr;ksa dks c<kusa esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSA v/;kid O;ogkj ds }kjk Hkh f”k{k.k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds izk#i dks lqfuf”pr fd;k tkrk gSA izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa bl ckr ij dsfUnzr fd;k x;k gS fd Hkkoh f”k{kdksa ds d{kkd{k O;ogkj dks orZeku ikB~;dze dh vko”;drk ^fo|kFkhZ dsfUnzr^ f”k{kk ds vuq#i fdl izdkj fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA KEYWORDS: d{kkd{k O;ogkj] vizR;{k O;ogkj] izR;{k O;ogkj
Hkwfedk : ^f”k{kk dh fdlh Hkh ;kstuk esa eSa v/;kid dks dsUnzh; LFkku nsrk gw¡aA^^ usYlu ,y-ckWflax f”k{kk okLro esa ,d izfdz;k gS ftlds }kjk ,d ekuo dh fNih gqbZ “kfDr;ksa dks fodflr fd;k tkrk gS] mtkxj fd;k tkrk gS rFkk mls u;s Kku] dq”kyrkvksa] ewY;ksa vkn”kksZ vkfn dks fl[kk;k tkrk gSA ftlls og vius okrkoj.k ij vf/kdkj ik lds lekt esa viuk lgh LFkku izkIr dj lds vkSj ekuo thou ds y{;ksa dks izkIr dj ldsA f”k{kk izfdz;k dk eq[; dk;Z thou ds y{;ksa dks izkIr djuk gSaA jk’Vª rFkk lekt dk fodkl djuk gSA jk’Vªh; f”k{kk uhfr ¼1986½ us f”k{kd ds egRo dks izfrikfnr djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd &**fdlh lekt esa f”k{kd dk ntkZ mlds lkekftd lkaLd`frd yksdkpkj dks izfr fcfEcr djrk gS vr% dksbZ jk’Vª vius f”k{kdks ds Lrj ds fcuk mij ugh mB ldrk gSA** d{kkxr f”k{k.k dh izfdz;k esa f”k{kd dk O;ogkj Nk=ksa ds eu ij mlds O;fDrRo ds #i esa izdV gksrk gSA iwoZ v/;;uksa ds ek/;e ls tkuk tk, rks fofHkUu dkjd gS tks Nk= f”k{kd dh izHkkoh f”k{k.k izfadz;k dks izHkkfor djrs gS ftlesa d{kkd{k O;ogkj dh vo/kkj.kk eq[; gSA f”k{kd ds d{kkd{k O;ogkj dh vFkZ o ifjHkk’kk,a % v/;kid dk d{kk d{k O;ogkj okLro esa mldk f”k{k.k ls lEcU/kh O;ogkj gSA D;ksafd v/;kid d{kk esa izeq[k #i ls
f”k{k.k vf/kxe izfdz;k dks lapkfyr djrk gSA v/;kid ds dqN d{kkd{k O;ogkj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij ldkjkRed izHkko Mkyrs gS tSls & i<kuk] Hkk'k.k nsuk] izksRlkfgr djuk] iz”kalk djuk] iz”u iwNuk] fopkjksa dks Lohdkj djuk vkfnA ogha v/;kid ds dqN d{kkd{k O;ogkj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij udkjkRed izHkko Mkyrs gS tSls & fuank djuk] fu;fa=.k djuk] vf/kdkj fn[kkuk] vkykspuk djuk vkfnA ifjHkk’kk,a % js;Ul 1969 ds vuqlkj %& ^^f”k{kd O;ogkj ls rkRi;Z O;fDr dh mu lHkh fdz;kvksa rFkk O;ogkj ls gksrk gS] tks ,d f”k{kd ds djus ;ksX; ekuh tkrh gSA fo”ks’k #i ls os fdz;k,a tks nwljksa ds lh[kus esa funsZ”ku ,oa ekxZ n”kZu dk dk;Z djrh gSA^^ E;w,Dl rFkk fLeFk 1964 ds vuqlkj %& ^^f”k{kd O;ogkj ds vUrxZr f”k{kd dh os leLr fdz;k,a vkrh gS tks og Nk=ksa ds lh[kus esa mUufr ,oa o`f) gsrq fo”ks’kr% d{kk esa djrk gSA f”k{kd O;ogkj dh eq[; fo”ks'krk,a & 1- f”k{kd O;ogkj ds fy, f”k{kd ,oa f”k{kkFkhZ nksuksa dk d{kkd{k esa vkeus lkeus gksuk vfuok;Z gksrk gSA 2- d{kkxr vUr%fdz;k d{kk esa f”k{kd O;ogkj dks izdV djus dh ,d egRoiw.kZ fof/k gSA 3- f”k{kd O;ogkj “kkfCnd ,oa v”kkfCnd nksuks #i esa izLrqr
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