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Will ‘Lady Leni’ fall for Rody’s charm? By Vito Barcelo

VOL. XXXII • NO. 39 • 3 SECTIONS 16 PAGES • P18 • THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018 • www.manilastandard.net • editorial@manilastandard.net

PRESIDENT Rodrigo Duterte has turned on the charm offensive on Vice President Leni Robredo after the two leaders graced three consecutive events, including yesterday’s graduation rites of the Philippine National Police Academy Class of 2018 in Silang, Cavite. Next page

Russia backs ICC exit Moscow scoffs at tribunal’s approaches

SEARCH FOR SURVIVORS. This undated handout from the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office-Occidental Mindoro, released on Wednesday, shows rescuers using heavy equipment to search for survivors after a passenger bus plunged off a cliff in Sablayan town, where 19 people were killed and 21 others were injured. AFP

By Rey E. Requejo

USSIA’S ambassador to the Philippines said Wednesday he empathized with the decision of President Rodrigo Duterte to withdraw the country’s membership in the International Criminal Court due to its “highly politicized” activities. In an interview on the ANC News channel, Ambassador Igor Khovaev said his country, too, withdrew from the Rome Statute, the treaty that established the ICC, which was used to pressure “selective governments [and] selective countries.” “We cannot accept certain approaches. That’s why my country decided to withdraw from the Rome Statute. I understand why your country took the same decision. It’s up to the Philippine government… [and] society to make assessments… But for us, we respect it,” Khovaev said. Moscow initially signed the Rome Statute in 2000, but did not ratify the document and later withdrew from the ICC in 2016. Russia opted to withdraw from the ICC after the tribunal published a report classifying Moscow’s annexation of Crimea from Ukraine as an occupation. For her part, US Embassy Press Attaché Molly Koscina declined to comment on Duterte’s decision, saying it was an internal matter for the Philippines even as she stressed the importance of coopNext page eration with the tribunal.

19 killed in Mindoro bus crash; driver error? By Macon Ramos-Araneta NINETEEN people died and 21 others were injured when a passenger bus lost control and plunged off a cliff in the central Philippines, police said Wednesday. The bus, which was heading to the capital Manila, skidded off a mountain road on Mindoro island late Tuesday, said regional police spokeswoman Imelda Tolentino. Rescue workers were pulling the dead and injured from the vehicle, which

landed at the bottom of a wooded ravine, she added. “Police are investigating why the driver lost control—whether there was mechanical trouble or the driver fell asleep,” Tolentino said. Police photos showed rescuer workers clambering down the cliff to reach the bus, which lay on its side among trees and grass about 15 meters below the road. The accident occurred near Sablayan town, which is about 195 kilometers south of Manila.

Road accidents are common as poorly maintained buses and poorly trained drivers form the backbone of land transport options. In 2010, 41 people died, including ﬁve foreigners, when a packed bus plunged into a deep ravine in the northern Philippines. Another 31 people perished in bus crash in the country’s north in April last year. Public transport regulators said Wednesday they may suspend the franchise of the operator of the bus involved in the most recent disaster. Next page

Airports gear up for terrorist attack THE Manila International Airport Authority has deployed security personnel armed with assault riﬂes, machine pistols and bullet-proof vests to four airport terminals following reports of possible attack in Metro Manila by a foreign terrorist group. But MIAA general manager Eddie Monreal said the public, especially air travelers, should not be alarmed by the heightened alert status being enforced at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, adding that the sight of armed security men is good for the passenger’s peace of mind. “It is just part of a security measures to protect our passengers, the facilities and of course the airport users,” he said. Next page

THE valedictorian of the Philippine National Police Academy class of 2018 will join the Philippine National Police’s elite Special Action Force, heeding the challenge of PNP chief Ronald dela Cadet Fritz John Next page Napalinga Vallador Rosa.

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My God, you Canadians how stupid can you get? —President Rodrigo Duterte, taking a swipe at Canada’s decision to abort a $233-million chopper deal with the Philippines over human rights concerns

Rody snipes at Canada anew over chopper deal By Vito Barcelo PRESIDENT Rodrigo Duterte called Canada “stupid” for its aborted deal to sell $233 million worth of helicopters to the government, and said he would not hesitate to insult other countries that treat the Philippines “like garbage.” “Look at how stupid the Canadians are, very stupid. They agreed to sell the helicopters. But when these were due to be delivered, they said, ‘Ah but you cannot use these for [the] military or police. This is only good for evacuation and Next page

Napoles eyes govt deal, other options By Rey E. Requejo JUSTICE Secretary Vitaliano Aguirre II on Wednesday said he is unsure if alleged pork barrel scam mastermind Janet Lim-Napoles would be eligible for a plea bargain considering the status of the pending plunder cases against her in the Sandiganbayan. Aguirre issued the statement after Napoles’ lawyer Stephen David said

By Joel E. Zurbano

PNPA topnotcher opts to join SAF

they were looking into a plea bargain with the government in her plunder and other cases pending before the Sandiganbayan. “There are several options we are looking into and one of those is plea bargaining. There are many options for us,” David said in an interview. David earlier said he met with Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea Next page

Manila Pavilion fire claims 6th victim By Macon Ramos-Araneta

LIGHTNING RALLY. Masked militant student activists conduct a quick rally in Manila’s Bustillos Street Wednesday to celebrate the 49th founding anniversary of the declared terrorist group New People’s Army, on the same day Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana urged all remaining NPA fighters to lay down their arms and help the government build a better Philippines. Norman Cruz

THE deaths in the Manila Pavilion ﬁre last weekend reached six on Wednesday when another employee of the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corp. working at the hotel and casino passed away. Pagcor identiﬁed the latest victim

as Jennelyn Figueroa, 28, an internal security staff stationed at the hotel in the Ermita district that burned down on Sunday morning. Figueroa was brought to the Manila Doctor’s Hospital, which initially reported her as dead, then clariﬁed that they were able to revive her, radio dzBB Next page reported.

News

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018 mst.daydesk@gmail.com

P1-b fund for Dengvaxia victims eyed By Maricel V. Cruz

HE head of the House committee on appropriations on Wednesday ﬁled a bill seeking to allocate a P1.16-billion special fund to help the children who were administered the controversial Dengvaxia antidengue vaccine.

Rep. Karlo Alexei Nograles said the money will come from the refund for some

P1.16 billion worth of unused vials that was returned to the government by Dengvaxia manufacturer Sanofi Pasteur through its local distributor Zuellig Pharma. Nograles proposed that the P1.16 billion be used to finance the medical support for the children who were administered the Dengvaxia vaccine, such as medical assistance for hospitalization, medical kits, outpatient care services and laboratory tests. “This will ensure prompt delivery of necessary medical assistance to Dengvaxia vaccinees even as the Department of Health continues to monitor their state in the months following their inoculation,” Nograles said.

“Also, this is to allay the fears of the public on the purported effects of Dengvaxia and to prevent further deaths and illnesses of those administered with the vaccine.” Nograles acknowledged the State’s policy of providing assistance to those who were administered Dengvaxia, which apparently took three dosages to complete. Duque said some of those who died had only one vaccination. “The money is already there and all we have to do now is put it to good use,” Duque said. “Using Sanofi’s refund is the least we can do to try to correct a possible misstep with this particular mass vaccination program.”

The appropriations authorized in the proposed act will be available for release and obligation for the purposes specified from the date of effectivity up to Dec. 31, 2018. The certifications received by the Nograles camp showed that the P1.16-billion refund― which covered the unused Dengvaxia vaccines―had already been transmitted to the National Treasury as of Jan. 26, 2018. Dengvaxia, a relatively new drug manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, was used in a P3-billion mass anti-dengue vaccination program near the end of the Aquino administration in April 2016. This made the Philippines the first country in the world to do so.

Du30 pushes anti-dynasty proviso in revised Charter

PRESIDENT Rodrigo Duterte says he favors the anti-political dynasty provisions as proposed by the consultative committee he created to review the 1987 Constitution with a view to amending it. “A few principled men want this kind of thing abolished. I am for it,” Duterte said in his speech during the general assembly of the League of the Municipalities of the Philippines in Manila Hotel on Tuesday night. He made his statement even as Palace ally on Wednesday pushed for a massive information drive on the proposed shift to a federal-presidential system of government to educate the public on its benefits. Rep. Luis Raymund Villafuerte said local executives could kick off the campaign this summer during the first village assemblies this year, which is usually conducted in the last Saturday of March. But Duterte expressed doubt whether the Con-Com’s anti-political dynasty recommendations would be adopted by Congress in the proposed federal form of government under the new Constitution.

“The problem is, will it be approved? Because in our country, after a politician finishes his term, he will ask his son or wife [to run],” said Duterte, father of incumbent Davao City Mayor Sara Duterte-Carpio. Recently, the Con-Com unanimously voted to prohibit the succession of an incumbent official’s relatives up to the second degree of consanguinity or affinity. The body also agreed to limit the number of positions that members of a family could hold to only two―one national and one regional or local. The proposed anti-political dynasty provisions will cover barangay positions. Former Chief Justice and Con-Com chairman Reynato Puno has expressed hope that lawmakers will adopt the anti-political dynasty provisions as a pre-requisite for the shift to federalism. “Personally, and I have said it, the prohibition against political dynasties is a sine qua non requirement, a condition precedent before we shift to federalism and the rationale for that is self-evident,” Puno told reporters on Tuesday. PNA

Russia... From A1

cause the Rome Statute which created the court is not even a valid law in the Philippines,” Duterte said during the League of Municipalities’ General Assembly. The President argued that the treaty did not take effect in the Philippines because the previous government failed to publish it in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation—a requirement of all laws. He said ICC cannot continue the investigation because they have no basis. “They say, we can continue with the investigation. Based on what?” the President said. “Why are you here? What’s your power? What vests you? The treaty? The treaty was not published. When it is not published, it is as if there is no law at all. It’s that simple.” The ICC has started a preliminary examination on the charges filed by lawyer Jude Sabio against Duterte in connection with the administration’s campaign against illegal drugs. Duterte argued that the Rome Statute, which created the ICC, is considered “criminal law” that must be published before it can be effective and enforced in the country. At the Palace, chief legal counsel Salvador Panelo said it was unfortunate that Fili-

pinos working in the ICC are siding with organizations that threaten the sovereignty of the Philippines. Panelo issued the statement after the ICC criticized Duterte’s reasons for pulling out of the tribunal as “a litany of poorly though-out pseudo-legal arguments and self-serving statements that focus on President Duterte’s fear and resentment to face the investigation.” The Palace has criticized the ICC for disregarding the principle of complementarity, which says it can only step in if local courts are unable or unwilling to prosecute the cases. “The Philippines was induced to conclude the Rome Statute in the belief that the principle of complementarity will be upheld only to find out later that it will not give due regard to the said principle. The Philippines would not have signed up for the Rome Statute if it knew from the beginning that the ICC will just later renege on its obligations found in the said statute,” Panelo said. “The ICC should have immediately dismissed this case if only it was prudent enough to understand the situation in our country. Fraud in entering into international treaties or agreements is not a ‘pseudo-legal argument’ as the ICC asserts,” he said.

Napoles...

where the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a particular charge in return for some concession from the prosecutor. This means that the defendant could plead guilty to a less serious charge, or to one of the several charges, in return for the dismissal of other charges; or it may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to the original criminal charge in return for a more lenient sentence. The Sandiganbayan approved a plea bargain in the P303-million plunder case against former military comptroller Maj. Gen. Carlos Garcia in May 2011. After returning P135 million of the plundered money, the former military officer was allowed to plead guilty to two lesser offenses and post a P60,000 bail that gave him temporary freedom in December 2010. The DoJ has placed Napoles under provisional coverage of WPP. Under Republic Act 6981 (Witness Protection Act), before a person is admitted into the WPP, he or she shall execute a sworn statement describing in detail the manner in which the offense was committed and his or her participation. If after the examination of the person, his or her sworn statement and other relevant facts, the DoJ is satisfied that the requirements of the law and its implementing rules are complied, then that person can be admitted into the WPP.

“We are aware that President Duterte made the decision, made this call, but we are also aware that it takes a year for the withdrawal to take effect so there are many opportunities for greater conversations,” she said, in the same television interview. Koscina acknowledged that Washington is also not a signatory to the Rome Statute but she said it continues to work for rule of law and the ability of the tribunal to continue its work. Aside from pulling out of the ICC, Duterte said he would convince other countries to do the same. He called the ICC a project “sponsored by the European Union,” which he has criticized for interfering in the Philippines’ domestic affairs. The ICC announced last month that it was opening a preliminary examination into possible crimes against humanity over the alleged extrajudicial killings in the Duterte administration’s anti-drug war. On Wednesday, Duterte insisted the ICC can no longer conduct its preliminary examination. “The ICC has no jurisdiction over me be-

19... From A1

The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board said it would suspend the bus company that operated the Dimple Star bus that plunged into the ravine. Senator Grace Poe, who chairs the Senate committee on public services, said the Mindoro bus tragedy was a reminder of how dangerous public transportation can be. Poe said there is a pending bill at the Senate calling for the creation of a National Transportation Safety Board that would be solely responsible for looking into recurring transportation-related accidents and determining their causes. She said the board will cover land, sea, air, including railways. “To use a driving term, we need a dashboard of solutions to stop this bloody mess on our streets,” she said. She also said the government needs to see to it that the billions of pesos from car registration fees that are earmarked for road safety, such as railings and lights, end up in the streets and not in private pockets. With AFP

Manila... From A1

The Pagcor employee eventually expired, joining fellow workers Billy de Castro, Edilberto Braga Evangelista, Marilyn Omadto, John Mark Sabido and Joe Cris Sabido on the list of fatalities. This developed as Senator Joel Villanueva on Wednesday called on the Department of Labor and Employment to “shape up” in enforcing occupational safety and health standards. “We call on the DoLE to step up its enforcement of OSH standards. Lapses has been too many and frequent to be ignored. How many more deaths from workplace accidents do we have to endure?” said Villanueva, chairman of the Senate committee on labor, employment, and human resources development. “I extend my deepest sympathies to the families, friends, and relatives of the employees affected by this tragedy. My thoughts and prayers are with you in this difficult time,” the senator added. According to the Bureau of Fire Protection, individual accounts of witnesses pointed to violations on safety standards at the hotel, as some survivors lamented the sprinklers and alarm system of the 50-year-old hotel did not work. Officials of the Waterfront group that owns the Pavilion have denied these accounts.

From A1 and Aguirre before seeking the transfer of Napoles from detention in Camp Bagong Diwa in Taguig City to the custody of the National Bureau of Investigation under provisional coverage of the Witness Protection Program. David, Medialdea and Aguirre were schoolmates in the San Beda College law school—along with President Duterte. The private lawyer said he’s a friend of the President since a “long, long time ago.” But Aguirre, who admitted Napoles into the WPP on a provisional basis, said he was not sure she would still be eligible for a plea bargain in her plunder cases. “I think it might be too late for that. I don’t know the status of the cases there in the Sandiganbayan if that is still feasible,” Aguirre said in a text message. But Aguirre said Napoles would not need to enter into any plea bargain on any new cases that might be filed if she becomes a state witness. Aguirre said his office continues to evaluate Napoles’ eligibility for full coverage under the WPP, once she completes her sworn statements. “But as I said, she could qualify as state witness,” Aguirre said. A plea bargain, as provided in the Rules of Court, is any agreement in a criminal case between the prosecutor and defendant

Airports...

From A1 MIAA came up with the heighten alert after the Western Mindanao Command of the Armed Forces of the Philippines reported that a foreign terrorist was able to sneak into the country using the southern backdoor. The said terrorist is now the subject of manhunt operations by the AFP and the Philippine National Police. Airport authorities expects thousands of air travelers going to and coming from Manila in time for the observance of Lent next week. Monreal ordered his key officials to put in place heightened security measures and emphasized that public safety is the topmost priority of the administration. “We have coordinated with the PNP-Aviation Security Group and directed Office of Transport Security baggage screeners to remain vigilant and conduct thorough inspection only when needed. We do not want to cause inconvenience in the process by

ARMY AWARD. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte confers the Army Governance Pathway Institutionalized Medallion award on the 10th Infantry Division represented by its commander Major General Noel Clement during the 121st Founding Anniversary of the Philippine Army at the PA Headquarters in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City on March 20, 2018 while Special Assistant to the President Christopher Lawrence Go looks on. Presidential photo

creating long lines at the baggage screening checkpoints,” he said. Monreal said security personnel at checkpoints will also conduct random rigid inspections on motor vehicles. He advised the public to obey for their own protection. The airport chief stressed the need for consistent visibility of security personnel in airport facilities to prevent untoward incidents and to deter lawless elements from conducting activities detrimental to passengers. Metro Manila police director Oscar Albayalde said they have not yet received a report on the possible terror threat even as he also raised the security alert for the capital. MIAA has installed high-tech cameras in each immigration counter at the Naia to capture images of all departing and arriving passengers in line with the heightened security measure. Reports showed that some foreigners who helped the terrorist Maute group in Mindanao came from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Chechnya in Russia and Morocco.

Rody... From A1

humanitarian operations. You cannot use these against your own citizens,” the President told his audience of municipal mayors at the Manila Hotel Tuesday evening. “My God, you Canadians how stupid can you get? Our citizens are joining the ISIS so we have every right to kill our citizens because we do not want to destroy the community with apathy,” Duterte said during the general assembly of the League of Municipalities of the Philippines. Duterte canceled the US$233-million contract to buy 16 helicopters from Canada after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s government ordered a review over human rights concerns. The President ordered the Armed Forces of the Philippines to cancel the deal for 16 Bell 412EPI utility helicopters and told them to look to other countries such as Russia, South Korea or China for their choppers. “The way you treat us, you’re treating us like a garbage. The entire community of the world should know that there is a Republic of the Philippines which you cannot just f----ing sh-t [on],” the President said. “Do not do it to us because I will insult you. Anyway, who are you?” the President said. He said the government has the right to run after citizens who have joined the Islamic State terror group. Duterte lashed out at the conditions that came with helicopter purchase, saying the government would instead shop for aircraft elsewhere. “Idiots. We bought the helicopters and then once you complete the sale, you tell us we cannot use them,” he said in Filipino.

PNPA... From A1

Police Cadet Fritz John Napalinga Vallador received the Presidential Kampilan Award from President Rodrigo Duterte in the graduation rites at the PNPA campus inside Camp General Mariano Castañeda in Silang, Cavite. Vallador’s foster mother, Nelia Deocares, said the topnotcher will follow Dela Rosa’s orders and join the SAF, which is noted for the 44 policemen who perished trying to capture a terrorist in Mamasapano, Maguindanao in 2015. “We’re happy and excited for him, but afraid at the same time because after this, he will undergo SAF training,” said Deocares. Hailing from Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental, Vallador heads PNPA Class Maragtas (Magiting At Responsableng Alagad ng Batas na Gagabay sa Transpormasyong Alay sa Bayang Sinilangan). The class counts 106 cadets, 79 males and 27 females, who will be appointed as commissioned officers in their respective service bureaus by President Duterte. Vallador and 75 others will be joining the PNP, 13 will serve in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and 17 will enlist in the Bureau of Fire Protection. The 24-year-old will receive a house and lot in Bacolod City from the government for his achievement. His biological mother, Ana Marie Vallador, is a domestic helper in Spain and could not make the ceremony. She asked Deocares, a close friend who took care of Fritz John since he was in Grade 5, to represent her instead. “I haven’t seen my father since birth,” the PNPA top cadet admitted in his speech. “But even if I don’t have a father, I am here now in front of you, someone who worked hard to reach this level of success.”

Impeachment takes the back seat for BBL By Macon Ramos-Araneta SENATE Majority Leader Vicente Sotto III on Wednesday expressed doubt the Senate will give priority to the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law over the impeachment trial of Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno when Congress resumes session in May. “I really doubt that the impeachment will be our priority when we resume on May 15. Perhaps the BBL will be the priority,” Sotto said. Congress will go on a break on March 24 to May 13. It will then be in session for a few weeks before adjourning sine die from June 2 to July 22. Voting 33-1 on Monday, the House of Representatives’ justice committee approved the articles of impeachment against Sereno, and if adopted on the floor the case will be transmitted to the Senate for trial. Sotto says if the articles of impeachment clears the House plenary, those will be transmitted to the Senate for trial, a proceeding that Sereno has expressed preference for over the removal bid she faces at the Supreme Court. While the Senate could convene itself into an impeachment court, Sotto said, it would first have to deal with procedural matters such as adopting rules, sending summonses and directing parties to reply. “The impeachment trial can only start perhaps the first week of August,” he said. “There’s no way we can start the trial in May.” Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III has guaranteed that the Senate will be “fair” and “objective” should Sereno’s impeachment reach the chamber. “We will be fair, we will be objective and we will be after the truth behind the charges against her,” Pimentel said.

Bicam defers action on Agrarian chief THE Commission on Appointments on Wednesday deferred the confirmation of Agrarian Reform Secretary John Rualo Castriciones but unanimously approved the appointment of Ambassador Manuel Teehankee as the Philippines’ permanent representative to the World Trade Organization in Geneva. Due to several other questions by members of the commission’s committee on agrarian reform led by Senator Grace Poe that are yet to be answered, the Senate panel opted to defer Castriciones’ confirmation after an executive session. But Castriciones, a lawyer and a former undersecretary of the Interior department, said he remained hopeful of being confirmed by the bicameral body. “If confirmed, I will do whatever is necessary to help our farmers,” Castriciones said. “We will continue to do our advocacy, our duties and functions.” During the second hearing on Castriciones’ appointment, Senator Juan Miguel Zubiri said the DAR had tried secretaries with different backgrounds. He said the agency needed a capable lawyer and a legal luminary due to the various cases being filed against it, including those coming from landowners. “What the department needs now is a capable lawyer who can help his people navigate all these legal impediments,” Zubiri said. He also reminded Castriciones that in case he was confirmed, he should focus on the agrarian reform beneficiaries to help improve their lives. Isabela Rep. Rodolfo Albano also confronted Castriciones with several issues, including if the DAR was still needed. Castriciones responded by saying it still had 600,000 hectares of land to be distributed. He also said the agency’s mandate included support services to agrarian reform communities and beneficiaries. He said as long as there was no law terminating the agency, he would continue doing his job. Macon Ramos-Araneta

Will... From A1

“This is the third time that I have greeted you, my lady. First at the Philippine Military Academy in Baguio. Then at Fort Bonifacio on Tuesday. And then today. I hope there will be more graduation rites so we can still see each other,” the President said. “I love to see my vice president,” added Duterte. Duterte earlier barred Robredo from attending Cabinet meetings, prompting the Vice President to resign from her post as housing czar in December 2016. Robredo is also facing an electoral protest lodged by a key Duterte ally, former senator Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Duterte earlier ribbed Robredo that she was the topic of a Cabinet meeting that began 2 p.m. Monday and ended at 3 a.m. Tuesday, which caused him to arrive late at Fort Bonifacio. “I am very sorry I was late because we ended the Cabinet meeting at 3 o’ clock in the morning. We started at 2 in the afternoon. We finished, ma’am, at three because we talked about you,” the President said while glancing at Robredo, who laughed at the joke.

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THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018 mst.daydesk@gmail.com

DU30 for 6-month Boracay closure THE rehabilitation efforts aimed at bringing back the pristine waters of Boracay island will take about six months, an inter-agency task force official informed President Rodrigo Duterte. During a League of Municipalities of the Philippines event, Duterte said he was informed by Department of Interior and Local Government officerin-charge Eduardo Año that it would “take a little bit longer” to finish the rehabilitation of Boracay. “He [Año] told me it will take about something like six months. I told him ‘then do it,’ Duterte said in his speech during the LMP general assembly at the Manila Hotel on Tuesday night. Duterte said he directed Año to “just make the recommendation” where the Chief Executive would base his decision on the proposed Boracay shutdown to pave the way for the rehabilitation works. “I told him, General, you are there, I placed you there, whatever is your decision I will support you,” Duterte said, recalling his Monday night’s conversation with the inter-agency task force chief. In a related development: • Issuing a provisional gaming license to Macau’s Galaxy Entertainment Group has got nothing to do with the imminent closure of Boracay Island, Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corp. Chairperson Andrea Domingo said Wednesday. “I don’t think there’s any relationship between Galaxy, the putting up of a casino, and the closing...” Domingo told reporters in an interview at the Pagcor office in Manila. Domingo said the closure of Boracay had been a long time coming and had got nothing to do with the Galaxy Entertainment project. “I see no relationship in that because, again, it’s on the other side ... of the area that was closed by the government,” she said. On Wednesday, Pagcor issued a provisional gaming license to Boracay Philippines Resort and Leisure Corporation, a subsidiary of Galaxy Entertainment and its local partner Leisure & Resorts World Corp. The partners are going to build a casino resort complex expected to cost up to $500 million in Boracay. In a separate statement, Galaxy Entertainment vice chairman Frances Lui thanked Pagcor for the license and promised a low-rise, eco-friendly resort that would “contribute positively to the local economy and actively partner with the Boracay community.” Duterte had warned he would charge non-cooperative local officials and appealed to the courts not to issue a temporary restraining order so as not to exacerbate the problems in Boracay. Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque Jr. assured on Monday that the President would be fair in his decision based on the task force’s recommendations. Roque said whatever the decision of the President, “it would be for the welfare of Boracay.” The inter-agency task force has recommended a total closure of the resort island but Roque clarified that the shutdown would not be permanent. Duterte had described Boracay as a “cesspool” due to sewage and garbage problem destroying the island’s ecosystem and endangering the health of visitors. PNA

Cimatu calls for devt plan for Panglao

CLEANUP DRIVE. Members of the fisherfolk group Pambansang Lakas ng Kilusang Mamamalakaya ng Pilipinas on

Wednesday troop to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to protest the national ‘cleanup’ campaign of the country’s top tourist spots such as the Boracay Island, Panglao Island in Bohol, Puerto Galera in Oriental Mindoro, and Coron, Palawan. Manny Palmero

NBI files plunder, graft charges vs Singson et al. By Rio Araja

Some 33 former and active department officials were included in the complaint, while former Budget secretary Florencio Abad was spared. Earlier, Justice Secretary Vitaliano Aguirre II linked Abad to the supposed irregularity. A certain Roberto Catapang came forward as a witness, saying he once worked for a syndicate group inside the DPWH in connivance with Singson and the other officials in the fraud claims for right-of-way projects. He identified the syndicate leader as Wilma Mamburam.

He told the NBI the dossiers submitted to the DPWH and the claimants were all fake. The same involved spurious nine land titles amounting to P255 million worth of compensation paid to ghost claimants affected by the Digos-MakarBuayan National Road project in General Santos City. According to the NBI, the Register of Deeds in General Santos issued a March 6 certiﬁcation that the transfers of titles of the nine claims were not processed “and [they do] not exist in the record and the vault of the

Registry of Deeds.” Singson wrote Abad a letter on Dec. 23, 2013, “requesting for the release of funds for the payment of the outstanding claims.” “Abad granted the above-mentioned fund requested by Singson. The said amount was used to fund the fourth payments of the nine claims being investigated. In March 2015, all nine claims were fully paid,” its complaint read. In addition, the bureau said Singson made it appear that the Land Registration Authority had issued certiﬁcation declaring the nine titles as authentic. But the LRA did not make any issuance, the NBI said. “It appears from the investigation conducted that the foregoing procedures/requirements to safeguard the government from suffering undue injury had been blatantly disregarded by the government,” it added. The accused were also charged with dishonesty and grave abuse of authority.

IN CELEBRATION of World Water Day, an international yearly observance celebrated every March 22, the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System, with its concessionaires Manila Water, Maynilad and Luzon Clean Water, launched activities that underlined the importance of watershed conservation and the protection and care of the country’s natural resources. With this year’s theme, Nature for Water where the community explores how nature can be used properly to overcome the water challenges of this century, the kick-off activity at the La Mesa Nature Reserve, in Novaliches, Quezon City on March 18, began with an orientation and lecture about the value of forests and watersheds. This was followed by stretching

exercises, and a 5-km Nature Walk at the La Mesa Nature Reserve. Other activities included an interagency sungka tournament sponsored by Maynilad, and other games such as a Nature Treasure Hunt, and Pinoy Henyo, nature version. “Deforestation has greatly affected our country’s watersheds,” said MWSS Administrator Reynaldo Velasco. He said “You and I are aware that watersheds need trees to absorb rainwater which channels it into streams, rivers and eventually dams where human communities source fresh water. “With today’s celebration of World Water Day, we hope that many more people become aware of how we need to conserve and protect our watersheds and our most basic resource, water.”

Of the 143 critical watersheds in the country, six of these watersheds that impact greatly on the water supply of Metro Manila are the Umiray, Angat, Ipo, La Mesa, Marikina and Laguna Lake watersheds. Umiray Watershed Reservation covers an area of 16,722.75 ha.; Angat Watershed Reservation, 55,709.10 ha.; La Mesa Watershed Reservation 2,659 ha.; Laguna de Bay 388,000 ha.; Upper Marikina River Basin 28,000 ha.; and Ipo Dam at 7,000 ha. Rapid deforestation in these watersheds has led to soil erosion and siltation of lakes. To help reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a result of deforestation and forest degradation, increase carbon sink capacity, and improve water ﬂow regulation, watershed programs have to be implemented.

HE National Bureau of Investigation on Wednesday ﬁled a plunder and graft complaint against former Department of Public Works and Highways secretary Rogelio Singson before the Ofﬁce of the Ombudsman in connection with a P255-million rightof-way scam in General Santos City.

Cayetano flies to MWSS, concessionaires mark World Water Day Beijing for talks

DND opposes Marines’ separation By Francisco Tuyay THE Defense department on Wednesday opposed a proposed bill at the House of Representatives seeking to separate the Philippine Marines from its mother unit, the Philippines Navy. Defense Secretary Delﬁn Lorenzana said that in the event the Marines were separated from the Navy, the country would have two ground forces, doing similar functions—that of the Philippine Army. The Philippine Marines, the military’s front liner in times of war, is a battleready force presently deployed in various conﬂict areas, particularly in the volatile environment in Mindanao, “The Philippine Marine Corps is basically a ground force and as such, they are now deployed as an infantry force in Mindanao, Making them a separate service doing the same function as the Army will mean there will be two

ENVIRONMENT Secretary Roy Cimatu on Wednesday called on local executives in Bohol to formulate a long-term development plan for Panglao Island to avoid a situation similar to Boracay Island, which is now facing serious environmental problems mainly due to unmanaged overdevelopment. He cited the need to for Bohol to come up with measures since just like Aklan’s Boracay, Panglao is one of the country’s top tourist destinations famous for its white sand beaches and world-class diving. Despite ongoing efforts of the Bohol provincial government and other Panglao stakeholders, the DENR chief underscored the need to plan for the island’s longterm development to ensure the sustainability of its environment. “The plans you are making are good for now. But I want to see a development plan for Panglao for the next 30 years,” he said. He earlier met with members of the Panglao Island and Tagbilaran Executive Council, led by Bohol Gov. Edgar Chatto. Officials of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and Environmental Management Bureau regional office in Central Visayas presented water quality sampling results and a list of establishments violating easement laws to the local officials. The council secretariat also presented policy actions and initiatives to address the island’s environmental issues. Cimatu commended the council’s efforts, but warned on the expected effects that the completion of the international airport would bring about. “Unlike Boracay, there are more reasons for people of all ages to come here. The tourism industry will really flourish and the infrastructure like sewage will have to change,” he said.

ground forces in the country,” Lorenzana explained. He said in other countries like the United States, their Marines, “upon which we patterned ours, are utilized for overseas deployment, similar to the Royal Marines of the United Kingdom which are invasions forces embedded with their navies.” “The Philippines, on the other hand, will not be invading foreign shores anytime soon or ever,” Lorenzana said. At present, ofﬁcials from the Philippine Marines welcome the proposition of both chambers of Congress to transform it into a separate branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Philippine Marines Commandant, Maj. Gen. Alvin Parreno favored the proposition of House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez and Senator Juan Edgardo Angara, both reservists of the Marines, to separate the Navy’s ground force as another major service of the AFP.

DESERVED SALUTE. Senate President Aquilino Pimentel III (right) congratulates

Ambassador Manuel Teehankee after the Commission on Appointments confirms Wednesday his appointment as the country’s permanent representative to the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. Ey Acasio

By Rey E. Requejo FOREIGN Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano flew to Beijing on Tuesday to meet with Chinese officials purportedly to discuss joint initiatives intended to strengthen the ties and cooperation between China and the Philippines on various initiatives, including the joint exploration of disputed areas in the South China Sea. In a press conference before leaving for China, Cayetano said Foreign Minister Wang Yi has invited him to visit China from March 21 to 23. Cayetano admitted he expected to discuss with his counterpart and other Chinese officials how to further strengthen the partnership cooperation between Beijing and Manila and other issues relating to the disputed areas in the SCS, trade, agriculture, infrastructure development, counterterrorism cooperation and other regional concerns. “The overlying reason is strengthening of relations and as we have agreed with them, we will put our dispute to one side and grow the relationship on other aspects,” Cayetano said. “We will discuss broad areas of collaboration and cooperation and always make it a point to talk about our differences, of our dispute in the South China Sea. But we talk about it in the context of how we can improve our situation,” he added. According to him, the discussion would also cover the proposed joint exploration with China in the South China Sea. Manila and Beijing earlier agreed on adopting several confidencebuilding measures, which included the possibility of conducting several joint initiatives in the resource waters, which covered oil and gas cooperation and marine scientific research.

Opinion

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

mst.daydesk@gmail.com

Adelle Chua, Editor

EDITORIAL

Divorce bill now AFTER decades of advocacy by progressive lawmakers, the House of Representative approved the divorce bill on its third and final reading, voting 134 for -57 against -2 abstain last March 19. This is the farthest that any divorce bill has gone. The buck has now been passed to the Senate, which has no counterpart bill. The Philippines is the only country in the world aside from the Vatican without a divorce law. According to the Lower House’s website (congress.gov.ph), House Bill No. 7303, the Absolute Divorce Act of 2018, “declares that while the State continues to protect and preserve marriage as a social institution and as the foundation of the family, it shall also give the opportunity to spouses in irremediably failed marriages to secure absolute divorce under limited grounds…” The bill defines absolute divorce as the “separation between married couples that is total and final where the husband and wife return to their status of being single with the right to contract marriage again.” The bill’s approval by the Lower House was praised by the many Filipinos who have been waiting for such a law. At the moment, the only legal reliefs from a failed marriage are separation and annulment. Separation does not allow the spouses to remarry; annulment does but comes at a steep price, in the hundreds of thousands of pesos, out of reach of most Filipinos.

Striking a gold mine

E NORMALLY would not provide details of our lives and personalities to an acquaintance, much less a total stranger.

We would shy away from doing it, per se, and perhaps even more so if we knew that the information would be used by others to profit from—monetarily, politically, or any other way. We could, however, be persuaded to take some interesting polls over social media. Certainly they look harmless, and it does sound nice to validate what we think we already know about ourselves. Or be surprised. This was how exactly a company called Cambridge Analytica was able to fleece intimate information from thousands of Facebook users who took a

personality quiz through an app called “thisismydigitallife.” Now the CEO of the company has been made to step down following the discovery that information generated from the quiz was used in the campaign of US President Donald Trump. The data did not only belong to the actual people who took the quiz but also to those on their friends list. The final tally came up to 50 million Facebook users— their personal information, their interests, places they’ve visited, their photos, and everything else they have shared. In fact, this is not a new practice altogether. Marketers use information to target their campaigns and know whom to sell what to. They point to what people have “liked,” where they have been, even the words they frequently use as an indicator of their actual and potential buying patterns.

EVERYMAN

It could also be used to predict voting patterns, it turned out. Because this is a field with which only a few specialists are familiar, it is easy to disregard the potential harm in offering such information about ourselves. But the technology is there, and is even more dangerous because the invasiveness is cloaked in, say, a harmless-looking online quiz. Many people just think they are just going about their daily lives, documenting trips and meetings, clicking the thumbs-up sign for something that catches their fancy. Nothing stops us from doing this, of course. We just have to be reminded that whatever we put online, even when we think we are being careful, is out there and there is no taking the information back. It’s fair game, and those who milk this information are many steps ahead of the overwhelmed regulators and angry public.

Divorce will not cause our society to collapse. What it will do is bring an end to the hypocrisy and despair, and allow moving on and starting again.

Annulment also declares the marriage void from the start by supposing a pre-existing reason why the marriage should not have taken place, such as mental illness, non-consummation, or other incapacity on the part of one or both spouses. While justified in some cases, in the majority this reasoning is a cop-out. It does not honor those marriages that might have gone off to a good start but soured along the way. Absolute divorce allows that there are reasons for marriages to be terminated and is a more honest way of approach. HB 7303 also makes divorce “inexpensive and affordable” and thus will be accessible to those who are unable to obtain annulments because of prohibitive attorneys’ and psychologists’ fees. The lawmakers against the bill cited religious reasons for the most part, which is contrary to the constitutional separation of church and state. What they should remember is that they were voted in to represent their constituents, not to push their personal agendas. Religion is a private matter and should not be imposed upon others, particularly by those in authority because it would constitute an abuse of power. As for the argument that divorce will disadvantage the wife and children, it is a solution particularly in cases where there is domestic violence; the battered spouse and children would be better off and safer without the abuser around. In cases of infidelity, divorce can give a fresh start beyond the hurt, deception, and betrayal. Regarding financial support, the divorce bill provides a petitioner who is not gainfully employed with alimony (one-time or monthly) for a period not exceeding three years after the finality of the divorce decree. The amount shall also be proportional to Turn to A5

Afghan street artists haunt warlords with graffiti campaign By Allison Jackson FOR days Hamida Barmaki’s smiling face stared out over traffic in Kabul, painted in a towering mural near the home of the warlord blamed for her death, until it was mysteriously covered over in white. The short-lived image on a concrete blast wall marked the beginning of a provocative campaign by social activist group ArtLords, whose artists are calling out Afghanistan’s most powerful by depicting people killed by warlords in giant murals in public places. They have been threatened on social

media, branded infidels and told by gunmen and mullahs to stop painting —but are unrepentant. “This was a warning shot to everyone that we will not let you sleep at night, we will come after you, we will paint in front of your homes,” ArtLords co-founder and president Omaid Sharifi told AFP at his studio in the Afghan capital. Rather than seek justice for the countless victims—something that is not realistic given the huge number of them and the country’s weak judicial system—the group hopes to pressure warlords to acknowledge their past ac-

tions and apologize, said Sharifi, 31. Barmaki’s portrait was near the home of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, one of the most notorious warlords in Afghanistan’s history. His group claimed involvement in the 2011 suicide attack on a Kabul supermarket that killed Barmaki—a prominent law professor and human rights activist—as well as her husband and their four children. The Taliban also claimed responsibility for the attack. Conflicting claims have long been a feature of the 16-year war. Hekmatyar, whose spokesman

God and human suffering By Eric Jurado AS we enter Holy Week, we will, no doubt, contemplate not only on the suffering Jesus endures before his death, but also on human suffering caused by war, violence, slavery, and disease, etc. All good people are appalled by the sufferings of the innocent. When an innocent person is struck by a painful disease, or tortured or murdered, we naturally feel sadness, helplessness, and often rage. Many people have claimed that such suffering is proof that God does not exist. Their argument goes like this: God is all good and all powerful. Such a God would not permit unnecessary suffering. Yet, we constantly observe unjust suffering. Therefore, at least one of the premises about God must be false. Either God is not all good or He is not powerful. Or He just doesn’t exist. What’s wrong with this argument? First, let’s examine what we mean when we say that God would not permit unjust suffering. There are two categories of suffering: Suffering caused by human beings, which we call moral evils, and suffering caused by nature, for instance, earthquakes or cancer. Free will explains how God could be good and allow moral evil. Because God has given people free will, they are free to behave against God’s will. The fact that they do evil does not prove that God is not good. In addition, if there were no God, there would be no absolute standard of good. Every judgment presupposes a standard. And that’s true of our moral judgments, too. What is our standard for judging evil to be evil? The most we could say about evil—if there were no God—was that we, in our subjective taste, didn’t like it when people did certain things to other people. We wouldn’t have a basis for saying an act was bad, only that we didn’t like it. So the problem of human evil exists only if God exists. As for natural suffering, that poses what appears to be a more difficult question. We see an innocent child suffer, say from an incurable disease. We complain. We don’t like it. We feel it is wrong, unfair, and shouldn’t happen. These are understandable feelings, but illogical, unless you believe in God! For, if you do not believe in God, your subjective feelings are the only basis upon which you can object to natural suffering. Okay, you don’t like it. But how is your not liking something evidence for God not existing? Think about it. It’s just the opposite. Our judgments of good and evil, natural as well as human, presuppose God as the standard. If there’s no God, there’s neither good nor evil. There’s just nature doing what it does. If nature is all there is, there is absolutely no need to explain why one person suffers and another doesn’t. Unjust suffering is a problem only because we have a sense of what is just and unjust. But where does this sense come from? Certainly, not from nature. There’s nothing just about nature. Nature is only about survival. What, in other words, does it mean for suffering to be unnecessary or wrong? How is that determined? Against what standard? Your private standard means nothing. My private standard means nothing. We can talk meaningfully about suffering being unnecessary or wrong only if we have an underlying belief that a standard of right and wrong objectively exists. And if that standard really exists, that means there is a God. Moreover, the believer in God has an incomparably easier time than the atheist psychologically as well as logically in dealing with the problem of natural suffering. If you accept that a good God exists, it is possible to also believe that this God somehow sets things right, if not in this world, then in the next. Turn to A5

Turn to A5 Rolando G. Estabillo Publisher

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Opinion

IT WAS one of hundreds of cute questionnaires that were shared widely on Facebook and other social media, like “Which Pokeman Are You?” and “What Are Your Most Used Words?” This one, an app called “thisismydigitallife,” was a personality quiz, asking questions about how outgoing a person is, how vengeful one can be, whether one finishes projects, worries a lot, likes art, or is talkative. About 320,000 people took the quiz, designed by a man named Alexsandr Kogan. Kogan was contracted to do it by a company called Cambridge Analytica, founded by US Republican supporters including Steve Bannon, who would become the strategist for Donald Trump. Because Kogan’s app was circulated via Facebook, it reaped far more than just the information on those who took the test. At the time, in 2015, such apps could scrape up all the personal details of not only the quiz-taker, but all their Facebook friends. That ultimately became a horde of data on some 50 million Facebook users—their personal information, their likes, their places, their pictures, and their networks. Marketers use such information to pitch cars, clothes, and vacations with targeted ads. It was used in earlier elections by candidates to identify potential supporters. But for Kogan and Cambridge it was a much bigger goldmine. They used it for psychological profiling of US voters, creating a powerful database that helped carry Trump to victory in the 2016 presidential election. The data let the Trump campaign know more than perhaps anyone has ever known about Facebook users, creating targeted ads and messaging that could play on their individual biases, fears and loves—effectively creating a bond between them and the candidate. Psychometric profiling The project was based on the work of a former Cambridge scientist, Michal Kosinski, who studies people based on what information they generate on line. Kosinski and fellow researcher David Stillwell had for several years tapped into Facebook for psychometric profiling using their own personality test app, “myPersonality.” The app accumulated six million test results, along with users’ Facebook profiles, and their friends’ profiles, in a powerful research database. In 2015 they published a study carrying the bold title: “Computer-based personality judgments are more accurate than those made by humans.” They showed, for example, that they could divine a fairly accurate psychometric portrait of a person using only

Afghan... From A4

declined to comment on the mural, is one of several infamous warlords whom Kabul has sought to reintegrate into the mainstream political system in the post-Taliban era. A two-time prime minister, he is accused of responsibility for the death of thousands of people during Afghanistan’s 1992-1996 civil war. Other such figures include General Abdul Rashid Dostum, a powerful ethnic Uzbek linked to multiple human rights abuses in Afghanistan who is now the country’s first vice president, and Atta Mohammad Noor, the former governor of Balkh province. Noor is seen as a potential presidential contender but has been accused of links to people involved in kidnapping and other crimes. You’re not going to heaven The murals—which typically cover several square meters—will put faces to the victims, Sharifi says, and send a message to warlords that “we have not forgotten... what they did in this country.” Over the past four years, ArtLords has turned Kabul’s grey maze of concrete barricades—shaped like a widebased inverted ‘T’ to provide protection from bomb blasts— into a canvas to tackle issues such as rampant corruption and abuse of power. With permission from local authorities, businesses and institutions, the group’s artists have painted more than 400 murals on blast walls and other prominent places in around half of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces. Sharifi said the latest campaign would also target the violence of the Taliban and other militant groups now terrorizing the country. “There will be murals that say ‘you’re not going to heaven’,” Sharifi said. It is risky work for the group’s 45 art-

their Facebook “likes.” “Computers outpacing humans in personality judgment presents significant opportunities and challenges in the areas of psychological assessment, marketing, and privacy,” they wrote. Kosinski would not share the database with Kogan and Cambridge Analytica, reportedly knowing it would be used for a political campaign. But Kogan created his own app quiz and, through that, amassed the database on 50 million people that would be the backbone of Trump’s social media campaign. Facebook now says Kogan did that illegally. And it has since also restricted apps from such broad data collection on friend networks. Powerful results But Cambridge Analytica proved that Kosinski’s methods were powerful. They started with the standard psychological profiling test known as Big Five or OCEAN, which measures five traits: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. The test-taker answers a list of statements like “I am someone who tends to be organized” or “who rarely feels excited” or “has few artistic interests,” using a scale from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” Those basic results were combined with the data raked from Facebook profiles and friend networks, associating longer lists of traits. For example, to categorize voters, an algorithm could find links between “agreeableness” or “neuroticism” and gender, age, religion, hobbies, travel, specific political views, and a host of other variables. The data generated an incredible 4,000 or more data points on each US voter, according to Alexander Nix, Cambridge Analytica’s chief executive before he was suspended on Tuesday. The power of psychographic data, experts say, is not in the granularity itself, but in combining data to make significant correlations about people —something with requires powerful computer algorithms. Ultimately, it allowed the campaign to know far more about voters than anyone ever has before. The output was put to work in what Nix called “behavioral microtargeting” and “psychographic messaging.” More simply said, the campaign could put out messages, news and images via Facebook and other social media that was finely targeted to press the right buttons on an individual that would push them into Trump’s voter base. For Trump, it worked. “If you know the personality of the people you’re targeting, you can nuance your messaging to resonate more effectively with those key audience groups,” Nix said in a 2016 presentation. AFP ists, who are paid for their efforts. Sharifi said he rarely goes out and is careful to use different routes when he does. “The threat is very real. At any moment anything can happen, a bomb can go off,” Sharifi said. “Despite all these challenges... we have to take responsibility. Somebody has to do it.” Courage and guts The mural of Barmaki has changed the “narrative of street art in Afghanistan” and people were now recognizing art as a “powerful tool” for social change, he said. It has also galvanized other socially conscious artists around the country to use street art to send “very harsh messages to these people.” While ArtLords receives widespread support from Afghans and the international community for its work, reaction on social media to the Barmaki mural has been mixed. Some have applauded the group’s “courage and guts” while others have accused them of bias and exacerbating discord in the country. “Use your art to promote unity and serve Afghanistan, do not use it to spread division,” Facebook user Yaser Baburi wrote. Sharifi admits the new campaign will upset people “because we will remind them of all these crimes.” “But I think this is the way to continue this discussion and force these people to come out and apologize for what they’ve done.” With the help of the public, ArtLords is compiling a list of warlords and of people allegedly killed by them, who will be the faces of the next murals. “We will have faces of these victims in front of their [warlords’] houses or the streets they are passing by,” Sharifi said, without disclosing who will be targeted. “There are a lot of names that come to mind.” AFP

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Ratings and performance mismatch

Psychometrics: How Facebook data helped Trump find his voters By Paul Handley

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

OVERSIGHT DANILO SUAREZ PRESIDENT Rodrigo Duterte is the most approved and most trusted among the last four presidents of the Philippines, based on a survey by Pulse Asia. From September 2016 to September 2017, President Duterte got the highest average performance approval rating of 81.8 percent, and highest average trust rating of 82.8 percent between July 2016 and July 2017. Based on a more recent survey by Pulse Asia, President Duterte earned an all-time high approval rating of 80 percent, and an all-time high trust rating of 82 percent at the end of the fourth quarter of 2017. The trust rating during this period increased by 2 percent from 80 percent in Q3 2017, while the approval rating was retained at 80 percent. But while these numbers are impressive, we cannot deny the fact that high approval and trust ratings of the President do not automatically equate to an efficient and effective government. Almost two years into his term, the President has been hands-on with his campaign against illegal drugs, which is translating into good results. However, I constantly remind the President that there are equally important concerns to be addressed in other sectors, such as in agriculture, education, health, transportation, and social welfare. The President, generally, is doing a good job; however, what can upset

his performance is the failure of his Cabinet members to perform their duties accordingly. The Cabinet members must be mindful of their actions and decisions because those are deemed as that of the President’s. Given the President’s strong antidrug stance, I am perplexed that the Department of Justice issued a decision that dismissed the drug charges against self-confessed drug lord Kerwin Espinosa, Cebu businessman and drug lord Peter Lim, and 20 other drug suspects. Should we interpret this as

The encouraging numbers do not necessarily mean satisfactory performance.

the President’s decision as well? The Secretary of Justice, in several interviews, has repeatedly said that this decision was leaked. I wonder if this decision was supposed to be kept from the public. To be fair, this decision is not yet final, and will be subject to review by the SOJ. A panel will also be convened to review the decision, where the parties will be allowed to present additional evidence for review. I am curious if this is the same procedure of the DOJ in all its other cases. I am not

a lawyer but I don’t think, on review, it is appropriate to add evidence already existing at the time the first complaint was filed. In the end of the day, we just want matters to be rectified, and justice be served. Another pressing issue is Boracay Island’s degradation. This representation, over a year ago, has already called the attention of the administration to determine the extent of the pollution affecting the island. However, it is only now that this problem is being addressed. Had this issue been acted upon with urgency by the concerned agencies, the problem would have not gotten worse. Now, Boracay is being threatened by closure, to the detriment of investors, employees, residents, and tourists. This closure of the island would cause around P56 billion in losses for our economy. I wonder if the concerned agencies would have given this timely attention to the matter had they not been prompted by the President. Cabinet members must be reminded that they have a big responsibility in making the Duterte administration a successful one. Once again, we call on the President to review the fitness of his all the members of his Executive family to determine, whether or not they possess the integrity to fulfill their duties with accountability, transparency, and solely for the betterment of Filipino people. As the Minority Leader, and member of the Congress, expect that I will exercise my oversight function to ensure that the government agencies are moving toward the right direction.

A done deal DUTY CALLS FLORENCIO FIANZA IN SPITE of the plea of the International Criminal Court for the country not to withdraw from the Rome Statute, it is safe to say that as far as the Duterte administration is concerned, it is already a done deal. It will, however, take a full year before the whole process is completed. In the meantime, the initial inquiry being conducted by the ICC on whether there are enough legal grounds to formally proceed with the preliminary investigation with regard to the alleged extrajudicial killings in the country will proceed. The notice of withdrawal handed to the United Nations has no effect on the inquiry whatsoever. So, if the withdrawal was intended to stop the inquiry, it has not worked. Maybe it was to make whatever investigation the ICC conducts difficult due to the noncooperation of state actors as already directed by President Duterte. Why did President Duterte take the dramatic step of withdrawing the country from the Rome Statute? Was the decision his alone or was it upon the suggestion of his advisers? Some observers point to his advisers. But when it comes to the law, it is almost certain that the decision was by the President alone. Most independent observers were not in favor of the withdrawal. The President, however, together with his supporters obviously view it differently. So, how, did this come about? It is hard to pinpoint the one exact reason that triggered the withdrawal notice. Perhaps we can start with the President’s colorful language about killing people who want to destroy his country, as he loves to point out. There was the unannounced trip of Agnes Callamard, the UN rapporteur on Human Rights who made a well-publicized trip to the country last year to speak at a forum at the University of the Philippines. That trip elicited a lot of

complaints from the government because for one, she was always in the company of people and organizations critical of the administration. Also, the remarks of the UN Commissioner of Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein who is from Jordan—a country that does not exactly have a sterling record for respecting human rights—for President Duterte to undergo psychiatric examination was uncalled for. Leaders of some member countries have complained about too much interference from the UN in their internal affairs even as the only countries targeted for investigation by the ICC are third-world countries and never from western, developed counties. This in spite of allegations of human rights violations like the bombing of innocent civilians in their anti-terrorism campaigns.

Will our withdrawal from the ICC affect the economy and our standing in the international community?

President Duterte therefore believes, rightly or wrongly, that Callamard and Zeid Ra’ad Hussein are biased against him and that he will not receive a fair and impartial investigation. The question now is whether this withdrawal will be good or bad for the country in the long run. Will it affect other aspects of Philippine life like the economy and our standing in the international community? Not content with our withdrawal, President Duterte has also invited other countries to withdraw from the ICC. It is noteworthy to note that the only other country that has so far withdrawn from the ICC is the tiny African country of Burundi.

God...

*** In today’s complicated world, genuine leaders are hard to come by. This is probably because people who are voted or appointed into office are easily swallowed by the corrupt political milieu in which we all live in. There are also people who can easily throw away lifelong beliefs and principles in exchange for money or power, two intoxicating elixirs of life that many people cannot seem to resist. This is part of the reason why no matter what we do, we cannot seem to stamp out corruption or solve other pressing national problems. There are simply too many greedy people around. Among our politicians, we see them everywhere as political butterflies hopping from one party to another. If asked why they do this, the answer is always the same—they are doing this for their constituency, which is often not true. They are actually doing it for themselves. There must be something in an elective position that drives many to crave it. It cannot be the very low pay. It has to be something else. Among those in appointed positions, the things that some people are willing to do to get appointed or show appreciation to the appointing authority are so outrageous that they are hard to swallow. Decent people with principles and who refuse to sell their souls to the devil almost always end up not getting in government. The worst, however, are people who change beliefs so easily after making the public believe that they are principled individuals who stand for something worthwhile like defending the rights of the oppressed and downtrodden. These kinds of people are even worst than Doctor Faustus who sold his soul to the devil for a short period of glory. At least Faustus never pretended to be other than what he was. Although the midterm elections is still 14 months away, prospective candidates are already being mentioned. Some of those being named make me cringe. We have been starving for praiseworthy leaders.

kill. End of story. Literally. If nature is all there is, how can a sensitive person remain sane in a world in From A4 which tsunamis wipe out whole towns, For the atheist, on the other hand, no evil men torture and murder innocent suffering is ever set right. There is no victims, and disease attacks people inultimate justice. The bad win and the discriminately? The answer is: It’s not good suffer. Earthquakes and cancer possible.

So, ask yourself, is that how you want to live?

Divorce...

Kudos to the House of Representatives for making history in the 17th Congress by approving HB 7303. Now it is up to the Senate to step up to the plate by finally giving the country its long-overdue divorce law. This can be their legacy for posterity.

From A4

the respondent’s means and the needs of the recipient. Pre-colonial Filipinos had divorce. There was a divorce law during the Japanese and American occupations, and Islamic law allows this for Muslims. There are also indigenous cul-

tures where divorce is allowed. Divorce will not cause our society to collapse. What it will do is bring an end to the hypocrisy and despair, and allow moving on and starting again. Personally against divorce, for whatever reason? Then don’t get a divorce. But your opinion or religious affiliation does not give you the right to withhold the choice from others who need it.

Eric Jurado writes about the values of personal and economic freedom, and their importance in advancing peace, prosperity, and human progress.

Dr. Ortuoste is a writer and communication consultant. FB and Twitter: @DrJennyO

News

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018 mst.daydesk@gmail.com

Jinggoy’s ex-aide faces graft, perjury raps for non-disclosure THE former aide of ex-Senator Jinggoy Estrada is facing charges at the Sandiganbayan for alleged non-disclosure of her ownership of two condominium units. Pauline Therese Mary Labayen Cabico, who served as director in Estrada’s office, was charged with four counts each of perjury and for allegedly violating Section 8 of the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees. Labayen is facing a separate charge at the anti-graft court for allegedly omitting her ownership of a unit at The Manila Residences in Malate, Manila from her 2008 Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth. Similarly, she is also facing charges for her non-disclosure in her SALNs for 2010 to 2012 her ownership of a unit and a parking lot at the Makati Executive Tower IV in Makati City. Prosecutors recommended bail amounting to P6,000 for each count of perjury and P10,000 for each count of Code of Conduct violation, or a total of P64,000. The charges were raffled off to the anti-graft court’s Seventh Division. The fugitive Labayen was a co-accused of Estrada and alleged pork barrel scam mastermind Janet Lim-Napoles in the plunder case. Maricel V. Cruz

ABUNDANT SUPPLY. As the Holy Week nears, an increase in prices of seafood looms, the Lucena fish port in Quezon has assured the public that an abundant supply will be available in public markets and other traders in Metro Manila. Diana B. Noche

Proposed ‘Budget Reform Act’ gets House approval By Maricel V. Cruz

HE House of Representatives on Tuesday night approved on third and ﬁnal reading the proposed “Budget Reform Act,” a certiﬁed urgent measure by President Rodrigo Duterte, which seeks to improve the budget process by enforcing greater accountability, strengthening the power of the purse of Congress, and increasing budget transparency and participation. House Bill 7302 was first approved on second reading then subsequently on third and final reading by a vote of 158-8. In a letter to Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez dated March 19, President Duterte certified as urgent HB 7302, or the proposed “An Act to Reform the Budget Process by Enforcing Greater Accountability in the Public Financial Management, Promoting Fiscal Sustainability, Strengthening Congress’ Power of the Purse, Instituting an Integrated PFM System and Increasing Budget Transparency and Participation.” The President said HB 7302's immediate enactment into law is necessary “to address the immediate need for budget reforms, and to remedy the gaps in public

House committee hikes benefits for WWII, Korean war veterans FILIPINO war veterans who fought during World War II and the Korean War will have greater reason to celebrate Veterans Week and Araw ng Kagitingan next month. The House appropriations committee, headed by Rep. Karlo Nograles, last week approved House Bill 270 which increases the monthly pension of veterans from the present P5,000 to P20,000 a month. Principally sponsored by Bataan Rep. Geraldine Roman, the bill grants the first increase in benefits for war veterans in more than two decades. She thanked Nograles for fast-tracking the approval of her bill, saying the Davao representative’s “determination to make this increase possible spelled the difference.” “With all the veterans of the two wars now in their late 80s and 90s, the need to increase their benefits becomes all the more imperative,” Nograles said. According to the latest figures from the Philippine Veterans Office, there are 5,655 surviving veterans of World War II and 37,067 beneficiary spouses and children. For the 7,420 veterans who served in the Korean War, the number has gone down to a mere 40, with living spouses numbering to 205. Nograles and Roman said they worked extra hard to make sure the bill was passed in time for the commemoration of Bataan Day on April 9. Funding should not be a problem as the Defense department along with the Education department are allotted the biggest shares of the annual budget. “Like what we did, looking for funding for the tertiary free education in SUCs starting school year 2018-2019 which amounted to P40 billion, we have allotted more than P10 billion to help our aging veterans to whom we owe a debt of gratitude,” said Nograles.

spending, which hamper the ability of the government to deliver direct, immediate and substantial service to the people,” the President stated. The bill, with Davao City Rep. Karlo Alexei Nograles as one of the principal authors, provides for accountability and integrity in the use of public resources by ensuring transparency, fiscal responsibility, results-orientation, efficiency and effectiveness. The provisions of the bill shall apply to the management of revenue, expenditure, financing arrangements, and assets and liabilities of national government agencies, government-owned and controlled corporations, and local government units to the extent provided herein.

Nograles, chairman of the House committee on appropriations, mandates Congress to monitor and review government performance against the requirements of appropriations and related laws, and hold government agencies accountable for their financial and non-financial performance. The bill empowers the President of the Philippines to approve the following: Statement of Fiscal Policy; Medium-Term Fiscal Strategy for submission to Congress; and changes in the functional, operational and organizational structure within and among the Department of Budget and Management), Department of Finance, and National Economic and Development Authority, as may be necessary, to ensure the effective implementation of the Act. Moreover, it mandates the Department of Budget and Management not to approve any request for release of allotments for items of appropriation covered in the negative list or modification in the allotment nor recommend the use of savings by the President until such time the non-compliant agency has submitted the reports required under the Act.

Court stops Romero from retaking control of HCPTI By Rey E. Requejo THE Court of Appeals has stopped the bid of 1-Pacman Party-list Rep. Michael “Mikee” Romero to regain control of the Harbour Centre Port Terminal Inc. after it affirmed the validity of the writ of preliminary injunction issued by the Quezon City Regional Trial Court enjoining him from exercising control and management of HCPTI pending resolution of the dispute over the majority ownership of the company. In a 24-page decision penned by Associate Justice Socorro B. Inting, the CA’s Special Twelfth Division dismissed for “devoid of merit” the petition of Romero and instead upheld the Jan. 5, 2017 and June 6, 2017 orders issued by Judge Edgar Dalmacio Santos of Quezon City RTC, Branch 222, granting the writ of preliminary injunction sought by his father, Reghis Romero II, R-II Builders Inc. and R-II Holdings Inc. who accused his son of allegedly fabricating and forging corporate documents to gain majority ownership of the HCPTI. The writ of preliminary injunction issued by the lower court on January 5, 2017 and affirmed on June 6, 2017 prohibits the party-list lawmaker’s camp from representing themselves as stockholders of HCPTI; exercising any rights as the board and/order stockholders of HCPTI; representing themselves as the duly authorized representatives with the requisite capacity to act for and on behalf of HCPTI, including any sale, transfer, encumber or any disposition of its assets and shares; and representing themselves as

Norwegian ‘sex offender’ barred from entering PH

WATER IS LIFE.

Youngsters plunge into the water of Pasig River from Jones Bridge and Baseco in Manila yesterday. Water is an essential building block of life as it is vital for creating jobs and supporting economic, social, and human development. Today, there are over 663 million people living without safe water supply close to home, and who spend countless hours queuing or trekking to distant sources, and coping with the health impacts of using contaminated water. Norman cruz

By Vito Barcelo

Veritas survey shows more Pinoys are OK with divorce IN A recent Veritas Truth Survey, among 1,200 respondents from urban and rural areas nationwide, 39 percent of those surveyed said that they “strongly agree” on the legalization of divorce in the Philippines while 13 percent said that they “somewhat agree,” another 13 percent said they “somewhat disagree”, and only 35 percent said that they “strongly disagree” on the legalization of divorce in the country. With a +/- 3 percent margin of error, those who said that they “strongly agree” on the legalization of divorce have a slight statistical edge over those who “strongly disagree.” When stratified by Gender, Female Respondents favor more the legalization of Divorce with 43 percent saying they “strongly agree” versus 35 percent saying that they

acting for and on behalf of HCPTI as shareholder or members of the board of Manila North Harbour Port Inc. This prompted the young Romero to file a petition before the Court of Appeals seeking to nullify the halt orders of Quezon City RTC barring him from taking control of the HCPTI pending resolution of the complaint for declaration of nullity of alleged spurious two deeds of assignment that supposedly transferring his father’s 285,495,652 common shares of R-II Builders, as well as R-II Holdings 403,799,000 common shares, in HCPTI in favor of the party-list solon. “The instant petition for certiorari is dismissed. Accordingly, the Orders dated January 5, 2017 and June 6, 2017 issued by the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City, Branch 222 are hereby affirmed,” the CA ruling dated February 27, 2018 said. In ruling against the lawmaker, the CA noted that the assailed order dated January 5, 2017 shows that Judge Santos carefully enumerated and reviewed the evidence presented by both parties during the hearing for the issuance of preliminary injunction. “This Court cannot agree with petitioner’s assertion that public respondent violated its right to due process when he did not allow them [petitioner Michael Romero and its co-petitioners] to cross examine the private respondents’ witnesses whose Judicial affidavits were already part of the records,” the appellate court said.

“strongly disagree.” While their male counterpart at 34 percent said that they “strongly agree” while 35 percent said that they strongly disagree. And though among the male respondents we see that those who “strongly disagree” is 1 percent higher than those whose “strongly agree”, the +/- 3 percent margin of error makes the results a statistical tie within this gender group. As to age grouping, those who “strongly agree” on the legalization of the divorce seems to appeal more towards the younger age group with the following results: Adolescence (13-20 years old) at 43 percent; Young Adults (21-39 years old) at 34 percent, Adults (40-60 years old) at 38 percent; and elderly (61 years old and above) at 19 percent. Finally, when analyzed by Economic

Grouping respondents within a higher economic class seems to be more favorable (“strongly agree”) to the legalization of Divorce in the Philippines whose breakdown is as follows: Class E at 31 percent; Class D at 40 percent, Class C1 at 48 percent, Class C2 at 55 percent, Class B at 62 percent and Class A at 46 percent. The Veritas Truth Surveyed was conducted by the Research Department of Radio Veritas 846, the number one faith-based AM radio in the Philippines. Radio Veritas is owned and operated by the Archdiocese of Manila, established in 1969. As a Ramon Magsaysay recipient, Radio Veritas continues to be the leading social communications ministry for` truth and evangelization in the country today.

IMMIGRATION authorities barred a Norwegian pedophile from entering the country who was previously convicted for a string of sex offenses in his home country. Kim Vegar Kristoffersen was intercepted upon his arrival via Emirates flight EK338 which arrived from Dubai at the Clark International Airport in Pampanga. “He was immediately excluded and booked on the first available flight to his port of origin,” Immigration Commissioner Jaime Morente said. “Afterwards, he was placed in our blacklist to ensure that he is denied entry again if he attempts to return to the country.” The BI chief said that the Norwegian is just the latest arrested suspect in the bureau’s unrelenting campaign to thwart the entry of undesirable aliens, including sex offenders, into the Philippines. He said that last year alone, BI personnel intercepted a total of 187 socalled registered sex offenders at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport and other ports nationwide. BI spokesperson lawyer Ma. Antonette Mangrobang said Kristofferson flew all the way from Oslo, Norway to visit his 16-year-old Filipino boyfriend who lives in Concepcion, Tarlac. Mangrobang said Nordic investigators were able to trace communications and money transactions between the two lovers which enabled them to alert authorities here about Kristofferson’s scheduled trip to the Philippines. “We have been very strict and vigilant in turning away these sex offenders because they pose a serious and real threat to Filipino children whom they might abuse if they managed to enter our country,” the BI official explained.

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK

Sports

Manila

Standard

TODAY

4 PSL teams jockey for better spots

Bicycology salutes AFP riders THEY soldiered on. The Armed Forces of the Philippines has practically dominated the just concluded LBC Ronda Pilipinas—scoring a remarkable 1-2 finish in the team event that underscored the Filipino soldiers’ brave and relentless heart in any battle. “I would like to offer a big salute to our brothers from the AFP, it’s a great honor to watch them in action outside the war zones,” said Eric Buhain. “Here’s a fervent hope to see more of our soldiers in sports doing what they do best, winning.” Buhain, a multi-titled former national and Olympic swimmer, fully supported the Philippine Army team which placed second to Navy in the team event through his own Bicycology Shop. “It’s not that much, our sponsorship of the Armymen, but we gave them our full belief and moral support in the races. Watching our fellow Filipinos cheer for them during the races through the countryside of Luzon is another major win. Bicycology will be with them again next year, and hopefully we can get more partners to support not only our brave Army but also the other divisions of the AFP. We believe in honoring our soldiers and recognizing their dedication and sacrifices to this country more through sports,” added Buhain. Buhain’s business partner John Garcia was equally proud and elated with the performance of the Army team which, with the promise of doing better and probably the title next year, will again bike for Bicycology. Pfc. Cris Joven was the only member of the eight-man Army-Bicycology Shop, which claimed stage victory (Stage 3) in Pagudpud, but other members namely: Sgt. Alfie Catalan, Sgt. Merculio Ramos, Jr., Pfc. Marvin Tapic, Sgt. Alvin Benosa, Sgt. Reynaldo Navarro, Cpl. Lord Anthony Del Rosario and Pfc. Kenneth Solis had their own share in securing the runner-up feat in the team classification. “Saludo ako. Sa simula pa lamang ’yung adhikain ng Philippine Army ay nakatuon sa pagbibigay ng dangal sa kanilang kapwa Armymen, karamihan ay napasabak sa mga kaguluhan sa Mindanao kabilang sa Marawi City. Grabe, bawat stage, talagang lumalaban. You can’t imagine how they endured sacrifices and hardship just to win the runner-up in team classification,” said Buhain.

Games Today (Filoil Flying V Center) 4:15 p.m. – Generika-Ayala vs Cignal 7:00 p.m. – Foton vs Sta. Lucia

Bicycology Shop owner Olympian Eric Buhain (center) and business partner John Garcia are shown with members of the Philippine Army during the awarding ceremony of the LBC Ronda Pilipinas. The Armymen, bankrolled by Bicycology Shop, finished runner-up in the team classification.

Manila 10s International Rugby celebrates Year 30 I T’S that time of the year again when rugby players of all shapes, ages and sizes ﬂy in from all over Asia, Oceania and the United Kingdom to converge on a 100-meter patch of grass to compete side by side their Filipino counterparts over a weekend of fun and social 10-a-side rugby.

The now named Manila 10s International Rugbly Festival will be held on March 24 and 25, which coincidentally were the same dates that launched this rugby festival 30 years ago in 1989. Presented by the Nomads Rugby, The Manila 10s was the first-ever rugby tournament held in the Philippines and is dubbed by ESPN as the best social rugby tournament in the world. The tournament has come a long way since it was first held in 1989 at the Nomad Sports Club in Merville Park, Parañaque, where then Club president Albert Robert put out a directive for all the sports sections to hold a special event to celebrate their 75th anniversary. The tournament started as a way for the local, and then only, rugby club in the country, the Manila Nomads to play rugby at a competitive level without having to tour

Brewyard, Pugo Adventure rule Corporate Cup golf tilt BREWYARD pooled 285 points to rule Group I while Pugo Adventure put on another dominating show in seniors play in the 30th Camp John Hay Corporate Cup golf championship at CJH Golf Club in Baguio recently. Composed of Marco Olives, Mich Miguel, Joey Ramoso and Martin Guiang, Brewyard scored 141 Molave points in the first day then closed out with a 144 for a 285 and an 11-point victory over Time Cargo Logistics, which assembled a 274, in the premier division of the annual tournament which drew some of the country’s top golfing corporations and business groups. Crown Legacy/Baguio City also scored a 274 but lost in the countback and settled for third in the

event sponsored by The Manor, The Forest Lodge, Le Chef, Toyota and CJH DevCo. Olives shot 52 and 50 for a 102 to lead the individual winners, who included Lino Magpantay of Fersal Hotel Group (101-Division 2), Manolet Zarcal of JB Music and Sports, Inc. (89-Division 3), Fr. Leo Villostas of BCM Calatagan (87-Division 4), Manolo Linsangan of Macom Sharks (87-Division 5) and ABGC’s Tony Ignacio (79-Division 6). Valley Bread, Inc., on the other hand, drew big games from Eric Espadero, Bond Mangaoan, Arnel Peil and Pol Mayos as they turned in a 135 and 144 for a 279 total, routing Flying V (257) and ICSI Team (250) for Group 2 honors.

Velez racks up 3 PPS net titles JOHN David Velez flashed superb side then took the 16-U plum as an skills and staying power, coming unranked player via a 6-1, 6-2 upset away with a three-title romp in the over No. 1 Paula Uy. She, however, lost steam and Palawan Pawnshop-Palawan Express Pera Padala Davao leg age- dropped a 6-1, 1-0(ret.) setback to group tennis circuit at the GSIS local ace Dana Abad in the 18-U championship. Tennis Club last Monday. “Through hard work and deterVelez fashioned out a 6-1, 6-1 victory in the boys’ 14-and-under finals mination, Velez has been stamping then scored a 6-1, 6-0 win in the 16-U his class even in heavier division championship, both against Karl and his exploits should inspire the Palo. The rising Davaoeño star then other young players to strive more trampled Meynard Badal, 6-1, 6-1, to by regularly competing in the claim the 18-U diadem in the Group circuit,” said Palawan Pawnshop 1 tournament sponsored by Palawan president/CEO Bobby Castro. Pawnshop and presented by Slazenger with Dunlop as the official ball. Minette Bentillo fell short of matching that feat but the Sultan Kudarat find 00-00-00-00-00-00 P0.0 M+ still shared the MVP honors with Velez by winning the girls’ 14- and 16-U 00-00-00-00-00-00 P0.0 M+ titles in the five-day event sanctioned by the Unified Tennis Philippines, made DIGITS 00-00-00-00-00-00 up of PPS-PEPP, Cebuana Lhuillier, Wilson, Toby’s, DIGITS 00-00-00 Dunlop, Slazenger and BMeg. As top seed, Bentillo dominated Jilian ManangEZ2 00-00 king, 6-1, 6-1, in the 14-U

LOTTO RESULTS

6/49 6/42 6 3 2

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018 sports_mstandard@yahoo.com

regularly. The first tournament featured five teams playing in a one-day tournament, but the popularity of the tournament quickly grew the competition to 16 teams playing across two days. Today, it is still the premier rugby tournament in the country, launched on Wednesday at the Cafe Curieux in Bel-Air Makati. Manila 10s is held one week before Hong Kong Sevens every year, allowing clubs from around the world to participate in the tournament prior to watching Hong Kong Sevens. The 2018 Manila 10s will feature 26 teams in 4 divisions of varying skill levels (Cup, Plate, Bowl, and Shield) as well as a separate veteran’s division for teams fielding only players over 35. It also sees itself back at the San Lazaro Leisure Park—a multi-purpose venue in Carmona, Cavite, featuring a racetrack and casino. It is also the home

of the Manila Jockey Club. Entrance to San Lazaro Leisure Park is Free and open to the public. Food, drinks and official M10s Merchandise will be available for sale at the Park. As the Manila 10s grew, so did the cost of organizing it. In the first few years, funding came from entrance fees and members of the rugby playing community through their companies and hospitality establishments. And as it grew even more and became more properly organized, it eventually evolved into a more family-oriented event, thus gaining support from rugby enthusiasts and corporations in the logistics, portfolio management, banking, mining, engineering and project management, construction, retail, shipping, real estate management, and airline industries with as many as 36 teams participating. It is an ideal venue for networking, entertaining clients, courting potential ones and reuniting with old friends in a casual, fun and friendly atmosphere. The M10s has also been graced by a number of international professionals and top-level club teams so occasionally the rugby was interesting to watch too.

BONIFACIO DRIVE, SOUTH HARBOR, PORT AREA, MANILA 1018, PHILIPPINES P.O. BOX 436, MANILA, PHILIPPINES Tel. No. (0632) 527-8356, Fax. No. (0632) 527-4855 HTTP://WWW.PPA.COM.PH

FOUR teams will be jockeying for second-round positions in the penultimate day of the first round of the Chooks to Go-Philippine Superliga Grand Prix today at the Filoil Flying V Centre. Cignal tips things off when it faces GenerikaAyala at 4:15 p.m., while Sta. Lucia is out to sustain its momentum when it faces Foton in the 7 p.m. main battle of this prestigious club tourney bankrolled by Isuzu and UCPB Gen, with ESPN5 as official broadcast partner. With Petron and F2 Logistics booking the top two slots in the second round, the race for the third seed would surely heat up for Cignal, Sta. Lucia and idle Cocolife in this competition also sponsored by Senoh, Asics, Mikasa, LGR and Grand Sport. The HD Spikers and the Lady Realtors are bunched at the fourth spot with a 3-3 (win-loss) card and a victory over their respective foes will put them in a three-way tie with the Asset Managers, who finished the first round with a 4-3 mark. Based on the league format, the top team, which is undefeated Petron, would join the third-, sixth- and eighth-ranked teams in Pool A, while the second seed in F2 Logistics would be bunched with the fourth-, fifth- and seventh-ranked squads in Pool B for another round of action. For Sta. Lucia head coach George Pascua, it doesn’t really matter which pool his team lands in. “You really can’t choose between Petron and F2 Logistics. Both of them are very tough teams,” said Pascua following the Lady Realtors’ thrilling four-set conquest of Smart late Tuesday.

N OTICE Notice is hereby given that COMMUNITIES ISABELA, INC. with office address at LGF Bldg. B, Evia Lifestyle Center, Daang Hari, Almanza Dos, Las Piñas, is applying for registration with the Board of Investments (BOI) as a new developer of economic and low-cost Housing Project (Camella Cauayan) with a capacity of 141 economic and low-cost units on a non-pioneer status, with project site at Sillawit, Cauayan City, Isabela. Any person with valid objection/s on the above-mentioned project may file his/her objection in writing, under oath, with the BOI within three (3) days from the date of this publication. (SGD) ANGELITA F. ARCELLANA Officer in Charge Infrastructure and Services Industries Service (MS-MAR. 22, 2018)

BONIFACIO DRIVE, SOUTH HARBOR, PORT AREA, MANILA 1018, PHILIPPINES P.O. BOX 436, MANILA, PHILIPPINES Tel. No. (0632) 527-8356, Fax. No. (0632) 527-4855 HTTP://WWW.PPA.COM.PH

INVITATION TO BID

FOR THE PROPOSED PAVING OF EXISTING BACK-UP AREAS, ILOILO COMMERCIAL PORT COMPLEX, LOBOC, LAPAZ, ILOILO CITY

FOR THE PALOMPON PORT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, PORT OF PALOMPON, LEYTE

The Philippine Ports Authority, through the Corporate Budget of the Authority for CY 2018, intends to apply the sum of P 198,440,656.82 being the Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC) to payments under the contract for the Proposed Paving of Existing Back-up Areas (LFP PNG No. 001-2018). Bids received in excess of the ABC shall be automatically rejected at bid opening.

The Philippine Ports Authority, through the Corporate Budget of the Authority for CY 2018, intends to apply the sum of P 124,476,174.60 being the Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC) to payments under the contract for the Palompon Port Improvement Project, Port of Palompon, Leyte (LFP WLB No. 002-2018). Bids received in excess of the ABC shall be automatically rejected at bid opening.

The Philippine Ports Authority now invites bids for A. Paving of Existing BackUp Area - A (Area = 13,956.27 sq. m. B. Paving of Existing Back-Up Area - B (Area = 25,974.37 sq. m.) C. Port Lighting System. Completion of the Works is required in 420 calendar days. Bidders should have completed a contract similar to the Project. The description of an eligible bidder is contained in the Bidding Documents, particularly, in Section II. Instructions to Bidders.

The Philippine Ports Authority now invites bids for A. Demolition and Removal Works B. Construction of Back-Up Area with RoRo Ramp (On-Fill) C. Construction of Port Operations Building D. Construction of Transit Shed. Completion of the Works is required in 540 calendar days. Bidders should have completed a contract similar to the Project. The description of an eligible bidder is contained in the Bidding Documents, particularly, in Section II. Instructions to Bidders.

Bidding will be conducted through open competitive bidding procedures using nondiscretionary “pass/fail” criterion as specified in the 2016 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act 9184 (RA 9184), otherwise known as the “Government Procurement Reform Act.” Bidding is restricted to Filipino citizens/sole proprietorships, cooperatives, and partnerships or organizations with at least seventy five percent (75%) interest or outstanding capital stock belonging to citizens of the Philippines. Interested bidders may obtain further information from the Philippine Ports Authority’s Bids and Awards Committee (BAC) for Engineering Projects and inspect the Bidding Documents at the address given below from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday. A complete set of Bidding Documents may be acquired by interested Bidders on 22 March 2018 from the address below and upon payment of the applicable fee for the Bidding Documents, pursuant to the latest Guidelines issued by the GPPB, in the amount of FIFTY THOUSAND PESOS (P 50,000.00). It may also be downloaded free of charge from the website of the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System (PhilGEPS) and the website of the Philippine Ports Authority, provided that bidders shall pay the applicable fee for the Bidding Documents not later than the submission of their bids. The Philippine Ports Authority’s Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects will hold a Pre-Bid Conference on 02 April 2018 at 10:00 a.m. at the PPA Function Room, 7th Floor, PPA Bldg., Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila, which shall be open to all prospective bidders. Bids must be duly received by the BAC Secretariat at the address below on or before 9:00 a.m. of 16 April 2018. All bids must be accompanied by a bid security in any of the acceptable forms and in the amount stated in the bidding documents. Bid opening shall be on 16 April 2018 at 10:00 a.m. at the 7th Floor, PPA Building, A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila. Bids will be opened in the presence of the bidder’s representatives who choose to attend. Late bids shall not be accepted. •

Required PCAB Registration: Medium B – Port, Harbor and Offshore Engineering

Bidding will be conducted through open competitive bidding procedures using non-discretionary pass/fail criterion as specified in the 2016 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act 9184 (RA 9184), otherwise known as the “Government Procurement Reform Act.” Bidding is restricted to Filipino citizens/sole proprietorships, cooperatives, and partnerships or organizations with at least seventy five percent (75%) interest or outstanding capital stock belonging to citizens of the Philippines. Interested bidders may obtain further information from the Philippine Ports Authority’s Bids and Awards Committee (BAC) for Engineering Projects and inspect the Bidding Documents at the address given below from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday. A complete set of Bidding Documents may be acquired by interested Bidders on 22 March 2018 from the address below and upon payment of the applicable fee for the Bidding Documents, pursuant to the latest Guidelines issued by the GPPB, in the amount of FIFTY THOUSAND PESOS (P 50,000.00). It may also be downloaded free of charge from the website of the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System (PhilGEPS) and the website of the Philippine Ports Authority, provided that bidders shall pay the applicable fee for the Bidding Documents not later than the submission of their bids. The Philippine Ports Authority’s Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects will hold a Pre-Bid Conference on 02 April 2018 at 10:00 a.m. at the PPA Function Room, 7th Floor, PPA Bldg., Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila, which shall be open to all prospective bidders. Bids must be duly received by the BAC Secretariat at the address below on or before 1:00 p.m. of 16 April 2018. All bids must be accompanied by a bid security in any of the acceptable forms and in the amount stated in the bidding documents. Bid opening shall be on 16 April 2018 at 2:00 p.m. at the 7th Floor, PPA Building, A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila. Bids will be opened in the presence of the bidder’s representatives who choose to attend at the address below. Late bids shall not be accepted. •

Required PCAB Registration: Medium B – Building and Industrial Plant

The Philippine Ports Authority reserves the right to reject any and all bids, declare a failure of bidding, or not award the contract at any time prior to contract award in accordance with Section 41 of RA 9184 and its IRR, without thereby incurring any liability to the affected bidder or bidders.

For further information, please refer to:

BAC Secretariat, Philippine Ports Authority 5th Floor, PPA Bldg., A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila

Telephone/Fax No. 527-47-35 527-83-56 to 83 loc. 539

PPA Website: www.ppa.com.ph

ANGELINA A. LLOSE Vice-Chairperson, PPA Head Office Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects (HO-BAC-EP)

ANGELINA A. LLOSE Vice-Chairperson, PPA Head Office Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects (HO-BAC-EP) Standard – March 22, 2018

Standard – March 22, 2018

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK

Sports

Riera U. Mallari, Editor Reuel Vidal, Assistant Editor sports@thestandard.com.ph sports_mstandard@yahoo.com

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

San Miguel Beer coach Leo Austria (left) and Magnolia Hotshots coach Chito Victolero hold the Jun Bernardino Trophy which will be awarded to the winner of the 2018 PBA Philippine Cup championship. PBA

Villacencio leads ICTSI Ladies Classic by a stroke SILANG, Cavite—Unheralded Gretchen Villacencio put in a career-best threeunder 69 and found herself a bewildered leader, one stroke ahead of fancied Princess Superal and Korean amateur Kim Hee Ji at the start of the ICTSI Riviera Ladies Classic at Riviera’s Couples course here yesterday. Villacencio, whose best finish after five legs of this year’s Ladies Philippine Golf Tour was 12th at Beverly Place in Pampanga last January, flashed superb form off the mound, with her iron play and putting as she produced five birdies against two bogeys for a 34-35 card. She also credited her strong start to a couple of lucky shots and a caddie who backed her up from start to finish. “I was just lucky, had some tough shots that I saved,” said Villacencio, who turned pro just late last year upon the prodding of father and one-time PGT leg winner Arnold, who also acted as her caddie. “He was very supportive and helped inspire me to play this good.” But lurking behind and ready to pounce is Superal, who sandwiched her bogeys on Nos. 8 and 11 with birdies on the sixth, ninth, 10th and 12th for a 70 that put her on track for a second straight LPGT crown after a recordsetting 16-shot romp at Tagaytay Highlands last week. “I hope I can continue my good game tomorrow (today). I’m confident and looking forward to scoring back-toback wins,” said Superal, priming up for the resumption of her Symetra Tour campaign in the US early next month. Kim matched Superal’s two-under card to likewise stay in the early hunt for top honors in the sixth leg of the circuit sponsored by ICTSI and organized by Pilipinas Golf Tournaments, Inc. with the young Korean spiking her 3535 round with an eagle on the par-5 No. 7. She also birdied Nos. 2, 12 and 16 to negate her bogeys on Nos. 4, 8 and 15. Another amateur, Missy Legaspi, stood a shot farther back at 71, anchoring her bid with two birdies in the last three holes, while Korean amateur Bang Choeun blew a two-under card with bogeys in the last two holes for a 72 for joint fifth with former three-time Order of Merit winner Cyna Rodriguez, who bogeyed the par-3 17th.

Princess Superal makes a drive from the fairway.

Magnolia Hotshots cherish finals stint F

INALLY, Magnolia got over the hump after the fourth try. After four years and four straight semifinals appearances, the Hotshots finally had their return trip to the finals after they won their best-of-seven semifinals against upstart NLEX, 4-2, to continue their quest in the 2018 PBA Philippine Cup. Now, Magnolia looks forward to a daunting challenge ahead as it faces an uphill climb in trying to dethrone three-time defending champion San Miguel Beer in the best-of-seven finals starting tomorrow. Still, the Hotshots are first cherishing the accomplishment that they finally reached after failing to do so last season despite semifinals appearances in all three tournaments. Magnolia coach Chito Victolero was emotional after his team clinched

the last berth in the finals Tuesday night and expressed his satisfaction for his team’s hard work to get to the big stage. “We’ve work so hard to finally get over the hump,” said Victolero, who is now on his first trip to the finals as head coach. “Hindi madali. We made the semifinals in all conferences last season but we fell short. Now, we finally made it.” Victolero also shared how his team embraced the trials and setbacks. They

just kept fighting to earn their place in the finals. “It’s really a process and we understood that. We knew it’s tough to get to the finals and I credit the players for sticking with it. We now have a chance to win a championship.” The last time Magnolia made the finals was back in 2014 when it won the coveted Grand Slam back in the days when Tim Cone was handling the squad. The Hotshots will have to make do without veteran star Marc Pingris, who tore his ACL in the semifinals and will miss the rest of the season. Against the Beermen and fourtime Most Valuable Player June Mar Fajardo, Magnolia once again needs to dig deep to give itself the best shot it can possibly have of pulling a big upset.

Celtics steal Oklahoma City thunder LOS ANGELES—The Boston Celtics dealt the Oklahoma City Thunder a damaging 100-99 loss in Boston, where Marcus Morris drained a three-pointer with 1.2 seconds left to lift hosts. With Celtics star Kyrie Irving still sidelined by a sore left knee, Jayson Tatum led Boston with 23 points and 11 rebounds. Morris contributed 21 as the Celtics snapped Oklahoma City’s six-game winning streak. Russell Westbrook scored 27 points with eight rebounds and seven assists for the Thunder, but his last-gasp heave as time expired bounced off the rim. The Thunder led by six with less than 25 seconds to play, and they were up 9997 with 12.7 seconds left when Carmelo Anthony missed two free throws. After a Celtics timeout, Morris drained a fadeaway three-pointer from the right wing for the win. Meanwhile, the league-leading Houston Rockets ended the Trail Blazers’ 13-game NBA winning streak Tuesday with a hard-fought 115-111 victory in Portland. In a game featuring the NBA’s two hottest teams, Houston’s Most Valuable Player candidate James Harden scored 42 points to help the Rockets notch their 13th victory in 14 games since the AllStar break. Neither team led by more than 10 points in a see-saw battle that saw 17 lead changes and 10 ties. Harden’s step-back three-pointer put the Rockets up 113-104 with 1:55 to play. The Trail Blazers narrowed the gap to two points in the final minute, but would get no closer. “They’ve been playing well, we all know that,” Harden said. “Nothing changes for us, no matter who we play. We go out there and just do our thing on both ends of the floor. Tonight was no different. “Fourth quarter, we stepped up and made big shots. Defensively we got stops when we needed to.” AFP

PRIZE FOR HOLE-IN-ONE. Philippine Airlines President Jaime J. Bautista rides a

brand-new Harley-Davidson which he won after notching his first-ever hole-in-one at Sta. Elena Golf Club during the recent Mercedes Trophy national finals, using a Majesty 5-wood club and a Titleist ball on the 170-yard 14th hole. He also won a TW Steel watch. With him is Felix R. Ang, president of CATS Motors.

CKS Blue Dragons reach Final Four By Peter Atencio JOHN Galinato showed the way as the Chiang Kai Shek Blue Dragons advanced to the Final Four of the 2018 SM-NBTC National Finals. Galinato fired 22 points as the Blue Dragons came with a through 86-67 demolition of Malayan High School Red Robins in the Elite Eight at the MOA Arena. Galinato’s teammates, Ferdinand Asuncion and Frederic Antiporda, added 19 and 18 respectively. The Blue Dragons’ physical game bothered MHSS all game long, and the Red Robins were whistled for four unsportsmanlike fouls. The Red Robins’ bad foul situation saw CKSC attempt 38 free throws converting 27. On the other hand, the Red Robins were not as productive from the free throw line and sank eight of 12 tries. CKSC’s big man, Carl Luciano hounded

rookie Fil-Australian big man Brieden Smith and Grant Dennison. Luciano grabbed 11 rebounds to help in the overall effort for the Goldwin Monteverde-coached Blue Dragons. Eric Jabel led Mapua with 14 points while Dan Arches and Clint Escamis added 13 and 12 respectively. It was the last match for head coach Randy Alcantara, who will soon handle the University of Santo Tomas Tiger Cubs. In the second division encounters, St. Benilde of Calamba outplayed Assumption Montessori of Cagayan de Oro, 7662, with Shawn Alegre making 20 points. St. Louis School-Dumaguete, led by Ian Lazarte with 32 points, prevailed over Jesus the Loving Shepherd-Naga, 83-78. Stephen Javier hit 21 points as La Salle-Lipa won over Tay Tung of Bacolod, 69-63, and Balanga of Bataan got 19 points from Julius Garcia in their 78-73 win over Assumption College-Davao.

Miado faces dangerous Thai foe AFTER dropping his first two assignments under the ONE Championship umbrella last year, Filipino strawweight Jeremy Miado is confident that his upcoming matchup will be different. A tough test awaits Miado as he is slated to lock horns with former ONE Strawweight World Champion Dejdamrong Sor Amnuaysirichoke in the co-headliner of ONE: Iron Will, which takes place at the Impact Arena in Bangkok, Thailand on Saturday, March 24. Miado is expected to have his hands full as he shares the ONE Championship cage with Amnuaysirichoke, who is a three-time Lumpinee Stadium Muay Thai world champion with over 25 years of competitive experience. Having a professional record of 8-3 in mixed martial arts, Amnuaysirichoke is known as a technical striker with quick hands and lightning feet, employing some of the most unique and creative combinations. Even though Miado is a striker by nature with his extensive boxing background, his opponent is a living legend in the discipline known as “The art of eight limbs.” “I know he is much more experienced than me, and I look up to that. I also admire his striking skills. It is one of the things we are cautious about,” he said. “I will play to my strengths, and I will even go head-to-head with his strengths. If I can submit him, it will surely be a satisfying win for me,” Miado added. The 25-year-old Marikina City resident might have a tall order in front of him in Amnuaysirichoke, but he remains unperturbed with the fact that the most challenging bout in his young career is ahead of him. “I don’t see it as a problem. I want to know my potential in this sport. That’s why I am happy to be in this bout against a talented competitor and a former champion like him,” Miado said.

De La Salle takes on UP THREE matchMatches today: es that will cru(FEU Diliman pitch) cial to the race 8 a.m. – UST vs AdU (Men) for the remain2 p.m. – NU vs UE (Men) ing three Final 4 p.m. – DLSU vs UP (Men) Four spots are up today in the UAAP Season 80 men’s football tournament at the FEU-Diliman pitch. De La Salle takes on league-leading University of the Philippines at 4 p.m., while National University and University of the East, both sitting under the top four border at 2 p.m. University of Santo Tomas and winless Adamson University collide in the morning match at 8 a.m. The Green Archers and the Growling Tigers are currently holding third and fourth spots in the table with 16 and 15 points, respectively. The Bulldogs and the Red Warriors, who have 13 and 10, respectively, are in dire need of getting full points to keep their semis hopes alive. Still unbeaten this season with eight wins and two draws, the Fighting Maroons became the first Final Four qualifier with 26 points. Defending champion Ateneo, which is one off the lead, has already assured of a semis playoff. De La Salle boosted its semis hopes following a 1-0 squeaker over Far Eastern University, with Jeremiah Bernaldez delivering the late winner last Sunday.

Golovkin says Canelo a cheat BIG BEAR, United States—World middleweight boxing king Gennady Golovkin accused rival Saul “Canelo” Alvarez of doping on Tuesday, rubbishing the Mexican fighter’s claims that he had failed a recent drugs test due to contaminated meat. In explosive comments to reporters at his secluded mountain training camp in Big Bear, east of Los Angeles, Golovkin said Alvarez had benefited from preferential treatment throughout his career by authorities in Nevada, where the two men will fight in a much anticipated rematch on May 5. The hard-hitting Kazakh was widely believed to have won last September’s first battle against Alvarez, when a judging controversy dominated the aftermath of the bout. While one judge scored the fight for Golovkin and another had it even, there was astonishment at the card of a judge who marked it 118-110 in favor of Alvarez. Alvarez earlier this month was revealed to have tested positive for clenbuterol, which his promoters blamed on consumption of drug-tainted meat in his native Mexico. The Golovkin and Alvarez camps are awaiting a formal ruling on the case from the Nevada State Athletic Commission, but the fight is expected to go ahead. AFP

IN BRIEF BCDA, MTD in talks to obtain P9.5-b loan PUTRAJAYA CITY, Malaysia—The Bases Conversion Development Authority and MTD Philippines Inc. expect to close the financial negotiations over a P9.5-billion loan for the National Government Administrative Center on Clark before the end of the year. MTD president Patrick Nicholas David said the joint venture company of the Bases Agency and MTD was in talks with two Philippines banks for financing. “We’ve been tapping local (Philippine) banks for our projects in the Philippines. With local banks, we eliminate hedging and we’re protected from forex fluctuations. We expect to have a financial closing for the NGAC project this year,” he said. Phase 1A of the project is a P13.6-billion athletic and employee village that will house two government offices and a sports facilities that will be constructed in time for the 30th Southeast Asian Games in 2019. The Malaysia subsidiary is contributing an equity of about P4.1 billion to initiate basic construction works on the site. Othel V. Campos

Marsh seeks gag order vs Prudential MARSH Philippines Inc. formally asked the Insurance Commission to issue a gag order preventing any more media coverage about the IC’s ongoing investigation on the insurance broker’s operations in the Philippines. Marsh in an eight-page motion complained about the press statements of Prudential Guarantee and Assurance Inc. and “the publication of several print and online articles regarding the controversy between PGA and Marsh.” Marsh said such statements may “prejudge the issue, inﬂuence the Honorable Commission, or obstruct the administration of justice in relation to the pending case.” PGA late last year ﬁled a complaint questioning the practice of Marsh using “fronting insurers” to solicit business in the Philippines. Marsh did not deny the charge, telling the IC that its fronting insurers would only be paid a nominal fee by prospective clients, while Marsh would be paid a fee commensurate to covering the insurance risk.

Business

International arrivals rose 16% to 1.4m in 2 months By Othel V. Campos INTERNATIONAL visitor arrivals increased 16.2 percent in the first two months of 2018 to 1.4 million from 1.21 million recorded in the same period in 2017, data from the Tourism Department show. “For the first two months, we have already breached the 1.4 million tourist mark, another first in the history, and it is a good sign for the tourism industry,” said Tourism Secretary Wanda Tulfo-Teo. Industry data showed that Chinese tourists accounted for 256,880 arrivals in the two-month period. It was the most improved market with an impressive 56.44 -percent growth rate and the second largest market next to the Koreans at 354,700. US visitors came in third with 193,985, followed by Japanese guests at 117,300 and Australian tourists at 50,404. Completing the top 10 markets were Canada, with 48,191 visitors; Taiwan, 40,856; the United Kingdom, 33,554; Singapore, 28,117; Malaysia, 24,334; India, 23,064; and Hong Kong, 22,920. “The record-breaking Chinese arrivals to the Philippines is a testament that we’ve become one of the top destinations for the Chinese market,” Teo said. Data showed that in February alone, the industry received 673, 831 visitor arrivals. “The warming relations between the Philippines and China plus the Chinese New Year seven-day holiday strengthen the platform for us to jumpstart our campaign of achieving 1.5 million Chinese arrivals for this year,” Teo said. The Philippines ranked 9th among the top destinations for Chinese outbound tourists in 2017, according to TravelChinaGuide, a leading Chinese travel agency.

business@manilastandard.net extrastory2000@gmail.com THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

Pagbilao lifts order vs coal plant By Alena Mae S. Flores

HE municipality of Pagbilao lifted the cease-and-desist order it earlier issued against Pagbilao Energy Corp.’s 420-megawatt coal-ﬁred power plant in Quezon province.

“The revocation of the CDO means that PEC is not barred from proceeding with the scheduled commercial operations of its power plant,” Aboitiz Power Corp. said in a disclosure to the stock

exchange Wednesday. Pagbilao Energy is a joint venture of Aboitiz Power’s subsidiary Therma Power Inc. and TPEC Holdings Corp. Pagbilao Energy invested close to $1 billion to put up the power plant called Pagbilao 3, adjacent to the existing units 1 and 2 of the Pagbilao power station in Quezon province. The municipality of Pagbilao issued a CDO on Feb. 27, 2018 allegedly because of Pagbilao Energy’s refusal to sign a memorandum of agreement on corporate social responsibility. “PEC is working with the municipality of Pagbilao for the issuance of its business permit, and also on the few remaining steps necessary before the start

of the PEC plant’s commercial operations,” Aboitiz Power said. The municipality also ordered the dismissal of the case against Pagbilao Energy. Pagbilao Energy informed Aboitiz Power that on March 7 the Pagbilao municipal council revoked the CDO and that the case it ﬁled against the municipality was dismissed. The town earlier required the company to execute a memorandum of agreement implementing CSR programs for an amount above the company’s approved budget for CSR. According to Pagbilao Energy, the municipality refused to issue the business permit without the executed MOA

and instead issued the CDO. “PEC therefore ﬁled the application for injunction and obtained the TRO to prevent the municipality from implementing what PEC believes to be an unwarranted cease and desist order,” Aboitiz Power said. Pagbilao Energy said the execution of the MOA was not a part of the published and legal requirements for the issuance by the municipality of a local business permit. The company said the power plant had received all the endorsements required from the relevant local government units including the Quezon provincial government, the municipality of Pagbilao and the host barangay of Ibabang Polo.

LRWC, Galaxy secure Pagcor license for new Boracay casino

SMC unit completes Masinloc purchase SMC Global Power Holdings Corp., the power generation unit of San Miguel Corp., completed the acquisition of the stakes of Electricity Generating Public Company Ltd., or Egco Group, and AES Corp. in Masinloc Power Partners Co. Ltd. Egco and AES issued separate statements on the sale completion with combined acquisition cost of almost $2 billion. A SMC Global Power official also confirmed the sale completion. Egco said it successfully completed the divestment transaction of its interest in the Masinloc power plant in the Philippines, immediately recognizing a base consideration worth $850 million. Jakgrich Pibulpairoj, president of Egco Group said subsidiary Gen Plus B.V. completed the transfer of its 49-percent indirect ownership interest in MPPC to SMC Global Power on March 20, 2018. “Accordingly, Egco Group recognized the proceeds from the divestment transaction worth $850 million. Egco Group plans to use these proceeds for new investment projects in the future,” the Egco official said. Alena Mae S. Flores

Ray S. Eñano, Editor Roderick T. dela Cruz, Assistant Editor

NATION BUILDING AWARDS. Phinma Corp. president and chief executive Ramon Del Rosario Jr. (from left), Toon City Animation president and chief executive Miguel Del Rosario, JCI Manila director for business relations Emiliano Romano and Ramon V. Del Rosario Award for Nation Building 2018 chairman Mark Escay lead the launching of the 9th Ramon V. Del Rosario Awards for Nation Building in Rockwell Center, Makati City. Sonny Espiritu

Naia Consortium hopeful on being original proponent By Darwin G. Amojelar A CONSORTIUM of seven conglomerates said Wednesday it expects to get the original proponent status from the government for the planned P350-billion rehabilitation and expansion of Ninoy Aquino International Airport despite a similar proposal from rival GMR Megawide Consortium. “We hope they will grant us OPS. Our proposal is the best solution of the problem that we are experiencing now,” Naia Consortium spokesperson Jose Emmanuel Reverente said. Naia Consortium’s members include Aboitiz InfraCapital Inc., AC Infrastructure Holdings Corp., Alliance Global Group Inc., AEDC, Filinvest Development Corp., JG Summit Holdings Inc. and Metro Paciﬁc Investments Corp. The Department of Transportation earlier declared the proposal of Naia Consortium “complete” in accordance with the documentary requirements stated under the Build-Operate-Transfer Law.

The “completeness” criterion will be followed by the evaluation of the proposal and grant of an original proponent status. After further evaluations and approval by National Economic and Development Authority, it will be subject to a Swiss challenge. The proposal involves expanding and interconnecting the existing terminals of Naia, upgrading airside facilities and developing commercial facilities to increase airline and airport efﬁciencies, enhance passenger comfort and experience and improve public perception of Naia as the country’s premier international gateway. The project is divided into two phases. Phase 1 includes improvement and expansion of terminals at the current Naia land area, while Phase 2 involves the development of an additional runway, taxiways, passenger terminals and associated support infrastructure. The group proposed a 35-year concession period. The consortium committed to spend P100 billon for Phase 1 and P250 bil-

lion for Phase 2. “Our urgent goal is to increase the capacity of Naia to 65 million by 2020 from the terminal design capacity of 47 million,” Reverente said. Naia Consortium tapped Changi International of Singapore as a technical consultant to make sure the upgraded Naia would remain the premier gateway to the Filipino people. The consortium submitted its proposal to the government on Feb. 12, ahead of Megawide GMR submission on March 1. Megawide GMR’s $3-billion investment proposal to rehabilitate Naia includes all airside, terminal and landside improvement which will be done in three phases. The consortium targets to increase the total annual throughput of Naia to 72 million passengers. Megawide GMR also proposed a shorter concession term of 18 years compared to Naia Consortium’s 35 years.

STATE-RUN Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corp. issued a provisional gaming license to the proposed casino resort hotel in Boracay of Leisure and Resorts World Corp. in partnership with Macaubased Galaxy Entertainment Group Ltd. LRWC chairman Reynaldo Bantug said in a statement the provisional gaming license issued by Pagcor to Boracay Philippines Resort and Leisure Corp. would pave the way for the construction of a $500-million resort casino hotel. “We at LRWC are elated and proud to be GEG’s local partner in this momentous endeavor. We thank Pagcor chairperson Andrea Domingo and the entire Pagcor board for giving GEC the chance to the booming Philippine tourism and gaming industry by granting BPRL a provisional gaming license,” Bantug said. LRWC vice president for legal Katrina Nepomuceno said the company expected to earn about $100 million a year in gross gaming revenues for the planned integrated casino resort. Pagcor earlier said it expected the country’s gross gaming revenues to increase 9.4 percent this year to P186 billion from 2017. Bantug said GEG had started preparatory works for the 23-hectare, eco-friendly resort project and construction work was expected to start within the next 12 months. “We’re conﬁdent that GEG will positively contribute to the local economy and work market, and adhere to Boracay’s managed and sustainable development envisioned by President Rodrigo Duterte,” Bantug said. Aware of Boracay’s environmental concerns, Bantug said LRWC would do its best to ensure that the Boracay project would preserve and maintain the natural beauty of the island-paradise. Darwin G. Amojelar

San Miguel’s sustainability project reduces water use by 4b liters a year

INTER-PACIFIC BAR ASSOCIATION CONFAB. Silangan Mindanao Mining Company Inc. chief operating officer and MVP Group of Companies managing head Michael Toledo (third from left) delivers the keynote speech on behalf of chairman Manuel Pangilinan on the first day of the Inter-Pacific Bar Association annual conference at Shangri-La at the Fort, Bonifacio Global City. IPBA is an international organization of lawyers with 1,700 members coming from 70 different jurisdictions. With Toledo are (from left) IPBA president Denis McNamara, Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez, incoming IPBA president Perry Pe and past IPBA president Dhinesh Bhaskaran.

SAN Miguel Corp. said it saved 4 billion liters of water equivalent to the daily use of about 137,000 households a year after announcing its ﬂagship sustainability project to measure its water footprint and reduce consumption by 50 percent by 2025. San Miguel said following the ofﬁcial launch of its integrated water sustainability initiative dubbed ‘Project 50x2025’ on World Water Day last year, it cut water use by 14 percent across food, beverage, packaging, power, fuel and petrochemicals and infrastructure businesses. “This is more than half of our midpoint goal of 20 percent reduction by year 2020, and we’re only just beginning. We’re pleased with these results and we’re eager to reduce it further,” said SMC president Ramon Ang. Most of the reduction came from the substitution of water sourced from the ground, from surface sources, and water district supply, to sea water—reducing the company’s use of scarce water supply, SMC said.

“The first year has been about instilling a culture of conservation among our employees, and improving water systems and processes, where possible. From now through 2020, our goal is to cut as much as we can by improving water management, utilizing rainwater harvesting, and increasing the amount of water we recycle and re-use,”Ang said. “We will be retrofitting older facilities with more efficient water systems. All new facilities being built under our current capacity expansion program will already adopt features that make them water and energy efficient,” he said. Ang said the company was also studying new water technologies that it could invest in, after 2020, to fully realize its ambitious 2025 goal. “We can expect even better results in the coming months and years, as our subsidiaries continue to implement the various programs they’ve identified to support this group-wide goal,” Ang said.

Business

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018 extrastory2000@gmail.com

Stocks fall; index slips below 8,000

HE stock market fell sharply again Wednesday ahead of a crucial Federal Reserve policy meeting later in the day, with the benchmark index dropping below 8,000 points for the ﬁrst time since Sept. 6, 2017.

The Philippine Stock Exchange Index plummeted 150.53 points, or 1.9 percent, to a six-and-half-month low of 7,909.07 on a value turnover of P9.52 billion. Losers beat gainers, 139 to 85, with 41 issues unchanged. Major property developer Ayala Land Inc. lost 3 percent to P39.75, while sister Bank of the Philippine Islands, the third-biggest lender in terms of assets, tumbled 3.5 percent to P109.20. Now Corp., which is bidding to become the country’s third telecommuni-

cations company, plunged 12.3 percent to P8.86, while Metro Paciﬁc Investments Corp. declined 4 percent to P5.27. Meanwhile, energy ﬁrms in Asia rose on the back of a rush into oil after data indicated a jump in US demand, but regional markets struggled to maintain early upward momentum ahead of a crucial Federal Reserve policy meeting later in the day. Hong Kong was up 0.1 percent having been up more than one percent, while Shanghai ended down 0.3 percent and Seoul was marginally down. But Sydney rose 0.2 percent, Wellington jumped more than one percent and Singapore put on 0.1 percent, while Jakarta and Bangkok were also up. Seoul, Wellington and Taipei were also well up. Tokyo was closed for a public holiday. Sydney put on 0.2 percent but gam-

ing firm Crown Resorts fell more than one percent on news that tycoon James Packer had quit as director as he battles “mental health issues”. Comments from new Fed boss Jerome Powell will be scanned in hopes for fresh guidance on its interest rate plans over the rest of the year. Worries that the US central bank will embark on a sharper pace of rises than previously expected has rattled markets worldwide since the start of February as traders contemplate the end of a decade of cheap cash that has fired an equities rally. Stephen Innes, head of Asia-Pacific trading at OANDA, said there would likely be some changes to the bank’s previous statements. “Since the December meeting, inflation has shown signs of coming to life, although the latest round of data would challenge that view,” he added.

“But, more signiﬁcantly, Fed speak has turned marginally more hawkish of late, suggesting we should expect some upgrade to the statement, at the minimum.” Market uncertainty has also been fanned by Donald Trump’s controversial tariffs on metals imports and threats of more, which have sparked talk of a global trade war, while the Facebook data breach is also keeping things cautious. However, the energy market provided some optimism in Asia on Wednesday after industry group the American Petroleum Institute announced a huge draw in US stockpiles last week, confounding expectations for another rise. The news provided some hope that demand in the world’s top economy is picking up. Ofﬁcial government data will be released later Wednesday. With AFP

MANILA STANDARD BUSINESS DAILY STOCKS REVIEW WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21, 2018

VALUE

NET FOREIGN BUYING/(SELLING), PHP

FINANCIALS 59.5 6,470 109.2 1,897,750 3.06 35,000 142 4,116,130 1.64 268,000 34.9 374,100 15.46 27,100 30 1,166,000 3.45 10,000 0.64 50,000 1.61 13,000 900 10 0.54 316,000 84.15 5,019,430 1.22 2,593,000 12.32 23,200 55.05 76,590 239.8 32,740 105 1,270 87 410 45 252,700 248 216,670 1,930 120 89.95 414,390 1.2 9,000

383,585 208,923,161 106,760 578,761,138 439,810 13,060,265 419,970 35,031,800 33,750 32,000 20,780 9,000 171,650 425,767,437 3,189,550 285,972 4,282,407.50 7,857,262 135,128 35,670 11,427,995 53,616,978 231,700 37,293,486.50 10,800

88,710 -124,222,130 15,250 -211,003,201 19,920 306,900 18,177,950 42,687,132 -272,850 -1,442,442 -4,386,420 -27,341,092 11,529,061 -

INDUSTRIAL 37.5 874,500 13.72 844,600 0.58 302,000 1.28 413,000 21.95 254,900 0.217 1,210,000 158 3,570 3.62 1,419,000 17.52 2,316,300 289.8 440 47.65 658,270 23 195,400 61 510 76.85 6,900 85.25 620 2.06 1,164,000 5.3 117,200 10 43,400 11.24 768,000 14.26 269,600 10.52 62,100 7.31 610,700 5.66 1,026,000 1.7 144,000 16.3 996,900 64.4 45,680 24.5 35,400 9.75 1,378,800 17 2,324,900 2.18 11,826,000 285 953,100 51.25 640 5.02 105,000 3.03 6,000 18.52 52,900 26.15 231,000 16.16 34,500 20 2,124,300 325.4 253,300 0.193 1,050,000 7.86 3,100 2.85 358,000 5.05 315,200 8.75 5,975,600 6.13 29,500 8 21,300 1.54 288,000 11.1 283,100 61 1,383,910 6 17,000 585 12,300 4.7 369,000 2.32 103,000 3.4 1,000 2.25 1,261,000 14.8 210,600 5.37 63,900 0.134 3,030,000 1.06 518,000 149.7 4,536,390 2.63 2,000 1.96 2,252,000 0.72 106,416,000

33,059,520 11,614,486 170,870 522,800 5,400,525 262,800 505,365 5,225,980 40,579,182 126,578 32,683,657.50 4,662,715 31,135 513,588.50 52,844.50 2,375,630 621,210 442,147 8,711,764 3,840,358 657,306 4,466,153 5,835,860 245,910 16,196,616 2,941,541.50 869,880 13,741,905 39,862,440 27,245,320 273,094,060 34,687.50 522,990 18,170 976,622 6,008,415 558,818 43,123,757 82,548,666 203,590 24,341 1,018,300 1,573,072 52,924,010 178,635 169,852 443,030 3,138,954 84,128,578 100,400 7,249,495 1,734,380 234,280 3,400 2,821,890 3,125,950 338,868 406,740 533,790 678,672,197 5,260 4,453,360 79,175,190

-21,580,900 -1,869,000 8,780 -13,020 -1,711,500 19,029,590 -1,052,104.50 -13,195 871,222 2,551,980 210,538 -107,370 398,323 3,962,886.00 306,631 1,368,976 -2,103,486 23,190 -66,433,926 -1,484,885 -22,682 3,563,718 -32,873,776.00 306,890 26,160 -14,213,478.00 -750 87,210 -574,196 -47,483,870 -1,530,715 -465,380 256,360 -930,848 -23,051,426 98,500 828,870

818,600 81,289,517 112,927,488 52,170 1,424,561 2,474,910 907,480 395,700,590 2,751,500 7,486,213 68,544,534 45,255 309,810 16,220 10,010 123,526,330 72,346 150,680,719.50 194,420 3,537,212 80,535,830 48,391,030 226,945,990 633,900 1,002,670 13,148,540 57,372,333 2,570 358,372,195 22,399,490 7,523,375 1,695,180 66,700 232,570 25,300

-58,110,529.50 -27,191,590 145,000 -218,243,355 207,115 -27,348,776 -37,779,885 -80,635,799.50 -1,641,401.00 29,985,900 -859,850 -70,842,490 1,080,530 -16,302,235 -126,129,525 -555,900 173,270 -5,280 -42,000 -

971,461 5,827,390 1,290,410 208,430 367,150 819,120,240 1,069,230 5,447,550 1,978,950 48,720 13,047 3,679,300 113,960 390,190 2,802,950 353,300 25,737,485 228,600 1,330 37,554,140 4,238,920 2,744,670 126,700,910 264,530,350 1,638,250

72,523 -254,460 8,400 -266,705,895 -14,350 32,130 -491,700 13,130 17,850 195,840 -3,900 -23,709,970 -87,420.00 626,620 19,802,840 -6,152,770 19,000

NAME

OPEN

HIGH

LOW

ASIA UNITED BANK PH ISLANDS BDO LEASING BDO UNIBANK BRIGHT KINDLE CHINABANK COL FINANCIAL EAST WEST BANK FERRONOUX HLDG FIRST ABACUS IREMIT MANULIFE MEDCO HLDG METROBANK NTL REINSURANCE PB BANK PHIL NATL BANK PHIL STOCK EXCH PHILTRUST PSBANK RCBC SECURITY BANK SUN LIFE UNION BANK VANTAGE

59.5 113.2 3.05 144.1 1.64 35 15.5 29.95 3.49 0.64 1.56 900 0.54 85.1 1.15 12.34 56.2 240 104.4 87 45.7 251.6 1,950 90 1.2

59.5 113.2 3.06 144.3 1.7 35 15.5 30.6 3.49 0.64 1.61 900 0.55 85.8 1.29 12.98 56.2 240 108 87 45.7 251.6 1,950 90.1 1.2

59 109 3.02 138.5 1.64 34.85 15.46 29.8 3.29 0.64 1.56 900 0.54 83.95 1.15 12.24 55.05 239.8 104.4 87 44.8 246.2 1,930 89.9 1.2

ABOITIZ POWER AGRINURTURE ALLIANCE SELECT ALSONS CONS ASIABEST GROUP BASIC ENERGY BOGO MEDELLIN CEMEX HLDG CENTURY FOOD CHEMPHIL CIRTEK HLDG CNTRL AZUCARERA CONCEPCION CONCRETE A CONCRETE B CROWN ASIA DAVINCI CAPITAL DEL MONTE DNL INDUS EAGLE CEMENT EEI CORP EMPERADOR ENERGY DEVT EUROMED FIRST GEN FIRST PHIL HLDG GINEBRA HOLCIM INTEGRATED MICR IONICS JOLLIBEE LIBERTY FLOUR LMG CHEMICALS MABUHAY VINYL MACAY HLDG MANILA WATER MAXS GROUP MEGAWIDE MERALCO MG HLDG PANASONIC PEPSI COLA PETROENERGY PETRON PHIL H2O PHINMA PHINMA ENERGY PHX PETROLEUM PILIPINAS SHELL PRYCE CORP PUREFOODS RFM CORP ROXAS AND CO ROXAS HLDG SFA SEMICON SHAKEYS PIZZA SPC POWER SWIFT FOODS TKC METALS UNIV ROBINA VICTORIAS VITARICH VULCAN INDL

38.5 13.8 0.57 1.24 19.38 0.217 151 3.62 17.58 300 51 22.45 63.5 83.25 85.2 2.08 5.3 10.4 11.3 14.3 10.88 7.3 5.7 1.72 16.4 64 24.9 9.46 17.2 2.42 286.6 56 5 3.02 18.98 26.5 16.2 20.35 326 0.19 7.85 2.85 5.07 8.95 6 7.5 1.56 11.3 60.8 5.9 588 4.7 2.25 3.4 2.26 14.9 5.33 0.135 1.02 150 2.63 2 0.71

38.5 13.92 0.59 1.28 21.95 0.22 170 3.74 17.6 300 51.85 25.8 63.5 83.25 85.25 2.1 5.32 10.4 11.44 14.5 11 7.4 5.75 1.73 16.4 64.75 25.8 10 17.5 2.57 293 57 5.19 3.03 18.98 26.5 16.32 20.65 330 0.197 7.86 2.87 5.2 9.1 6.17 8 1.56 11.3 61 6 595 4.71 2.39 3.4 2.3 15 5.37 0.136 1.06 150 2.63 2 0.79

37.5 13.64 0.56 1.24 19.32 0.217 135 3.62 17 255 47.4 22.2 61 71.85 85.2 2.01 5.3 9.88 11.22 14.2 10.5 7.29 5.65 1.7 16.18 64 24.5 9.42 17 2.1 285 51.25 4.88 3.02 17.8 25.8 16.1 19.9 324 0.19 7.85 2.76 4.9 8.75 5.96 7.5 1.53 10.94 60.65 5.9 585 4.7 2.21 3.4 2.2 14.8 5.25 0.133 1 147.1 2.63 1.96 0.71

ABACORE CAPITAL ABOITIZ EQUITY ALLIANCE GLOBAL ANGLO PHIL HLDG ANSCOR ATN HLDG A ATN HLDG B AYALA CORP BHI HLDG COSCO CAPITAL DMCI HLDG FILINVEST DEV FJ PRINCE A FJ PRINCE B FORUM PACIFIC GT CAPITAL HOUSE OF INV JG SUMMIT LODESTAR LOPEZ HLDG LT GROUP MABUHAY HLDG METRO PAC INV PACIFICA PRIME MEDIA PRIME ORION SAN MIGUEL CORP SEAFRONT RES SM INVESTMENTS SOLID GROUP SYNERGY GRID TOP FRONTIER UNIOIL HLDG WELLEX INDUS ZEUS HLDG

0.295 71.85 14 0.91 6.75 0.58 0.58 945 1,500 7.3 13 7.5 6.9 5.41 0.205 1,260 6.95 63.4 0.64 5.06 19.4 0.67 5.56 0.045 1.14 2.96 137.4 2.57 945 1.67 402 271 0.23 0.192 0.194

0.32 71.85 14 0.94 6.87 0.58 0.6 948.5 2,100 7.3 13 7.55 6.9 5.41 0.205 1,280 6.98 63.7 0.68 5.06 19.76 0.82 5.56 0.048 1.16 3.12 137.5 2.57 945 1.92 665.5 271 0.23 0.203 0.195

0.295 68.05 13.4 0.91 6.25 0.56 0.58 916 1,400 7.07 12.6 7.4 4.65 5.4 0.191 1,211 6.94 62 0.63 4.99 18.5 0.64 5.18 0.044 1.11 2.92 134.1 2.57 920 1.64 371 264 0.23 0.192 0.194

8990 HLDG A BROWN ANCHOR LAND ARANETA PROP ARTHALAND CORP AYALA LAND BELLE CORP CEB LANDMASTERS CEBU HLDG CEBU PROP A CEBU PROP B CENTURY PROP CITY AND LAND CITYLAND DEVT CROWN EQUITIES CYBER BAY DOUBLEDRAGON EMPIRE EAST EVER GOTESCO FILINVEST LAND GLOBAL ESTATE IRC PROP MEGAWORLD MRC ALLIED PHIL ESTATES

6.5 0.98 15.7 2.1 0.83 41.3 3.65 4.59 6.13 6.05 6.17 0.44 1.1 1.01 0.265 0.45 32 0.64 0.133 1.7 1.41 0.95 4.75 0.67 0.39

6.8 1.01 16.5 2.1 0.85 41.3 3.68 4.76 6.19 6.13 6.22 0.44 1.11 1.02 0.265 0.47 33 0.65 0.133 1.72 1.44 1 4.8 0.68 0.39

6.5 0.97 15.58 2.05 0.83 39.75 3.65 4.59 6 6.05 6.17 0.43 1.06 0.99 0.25 0.445 30.55 0.64 0.133 1.62 1.36 0.9 4.61 0.59 0.37

VOLUME

NAME

OPEN

HIGH

LOW

VOLUME

VALUE

NET FOREIGN BUYING/(SELLING), PHP

PHIL REALTY PRIMEX CORP PTFC REDEV CORP ROBINSONS LAND ROCKWELL SHANG PROP SM PRIME HLDG STA LUCIA LAND STARMALLS SUNTRUST HOME VISTA LAND

0.51 4.17 34.15 19.56 1.99 3.2 34.45 1 17.3 0.85 6.2

0.53 4.18 35 19.96 2 3.22 34.45 1 19 0.87 6.24

0.5 4.06 34.15 19.42 1.95 3.2 33 0.99 16.5 0.83 6.08

0.52 4.06 35 19.5 1.99 3.2 33 1 17.2 0.85 6.16

6,647,000 265,000 400 2,749,800 322,000 645,000 8,907,400 609,000 286,200 440,000 11,421,800

3,418,740 1,085,100 13,745 53,653,110 637,290 2,074,160 296,986,535 608,540 5,006,040 371,910 70,387,404

104,000 -171,690.00 4,427,266.00 213,990 -74,060 -160,554,785 133,958 4,250 -30,400,006

2GO GROUP ABS CBN ACESITE HOTEL APC GROUP APOLLO GLOBAL ASIAN TERMINALS BERJAYA BLOOMBERRY BOULEVARD HLDG CEBU AIR CENTRO ESCOLAR CHELSEA DFNN INC DISCOVERY WORLD EASYCALL FAR EASTERN U GLOBE TELECOM GMA NETWORK GOLDEN BRIA GRAND PLAZA HARBOR STAR IMPERIAL INTL CONTAINER IPEOPLE IPM HLDG ISLAND INFO ISM COMM JACKSTONES LBC EXPRESS LEISURE AND RES LORENZO SHIPPNG MACROASIA MANILA JOCKEY MELCO RESORTS METRO RETAIL NOW CORP PACIFIC ONLINE PAL HLDG PAXYS PHIL SEVEN CORP PHILWEB PLDT PREMIUM LEISURE PRMIERE HORIZON PUREGOLD ROBINSONS RTL SBS PHIL CORP SSI GROUP STI HLDG TRANSPACIFIC BR TRAVELLERS WATERFRONT WILCON DEPOT

18.48 28.7 1.31 0.52 0.05 13.08 4.85 13.82 0.063 99 8.72 7.6 7.5 2.41 26.3 970 1,593 6.28 305 11.3 5.22 2.52 106 12.9 8.2 0.125 1.47 3.33 15.5 7.22 1.03 26.9 5.1 7.31 3.3 10.1 11.22 10.2 2.8 112 6.7 1,462 1.09 0.465 53 84.6 7.04 2.63 1.49 0.45 3.74 0.85 11.02

18.5 29 1.31 0.53 0.05 13.1 4.86 14.34 0.064 99 8.72 7.91 7.69 2.42 31.5 970 1,633 6.3 317 16.9 5.42 2.55 107.9 13.18 8.3 0.126 1.51 3.75 15.5 7.32 1.03 27.3 5.19 7.85 3.33 10.4 11.22 10.2 2.8 116 6.9 1,475 1.12 0.48 53.7 85.5 7.8 2.68 1.5 0.46 4.12 0.88 11.68

17.96 28.2 1.23 0.5 0.048 12.5 4.85 13.82 0.062 96.5 8.7 7.35 7.5 2.41 26.3 970 1,540 6.21 295 11.3 5.2 2.5 104 12.9 8.2 0.124 1.47 3.24 15 6.62 1 26.4 5.1 7.25 3.26 8.82 11.12 10.2 2.78 109 6.5 1,462 1.09 0.45 52.2 84.55 7.04 2.6 1.47 0.44 3.7 0.84 10.84

SERVICES 17.96 28.6 1.3 0.51 0.048 12.5 4.86 14.16 0.063 96.9 8.7 7.5 7.5 2.42 27.25 970 1,540 6.25 314 11.7 5.2 2.5 104.7 13.18 8.3 0.125 1.51 3.24 15.16 6.9 1.01 26.7 5.17 7.74 3.28 8.86 11.2 10.2 2.8 111.8 6.7 1,470 1.09 0.455 52.6 84.75 7.15 2.65 1.48 0.44 3.95 0.86 11.04

25,100 50,300 168,000 4,498,000 39,300,000 14,400 5,000 10,042,000 10,070,000 224,790 400 3,376,100 23,500 20,000 837,300 7,060 72,395 185,200 51,860 22,700 1,033,600 230,000 1,116,400 3,400 15,500 1,860,000 530,000 1,983,000 38,900 17,447,700 260,000 1,007,700 205,400 7,468,900 582,000 27,336,500 37,900 7,100 69,000 1,685,430 711,300 247,865 7,228,000 50,440,000 1,417,380 1,253,930 388,700 135,000 943,000 14,060,000 14,657,000 6,394,000 8,042,500

453,962 1,444,990 216,890 2,266,000 1,906,800 186,210 24,270 142,591,998 635,040 21,738,080.50 3,482 25,699,355 177,073 48,310 23,904,745 6,848,200 113,284,680 1,156,575 15,830,016 330,756 5,428,998 576,940 117,451,908 44,208 128,500 231,710 792,920 7,015,500 593,800 122,318,976 260,730 27,218,445 1,057,316 56,678,120 1,910,780 255,907,978 423,714 72,420 192,990 188,402,641 4,826,366 364,367,330 7,914,130 23,546,650 74,706,940 106,222,304 2,855,104 353,610 1,394,360 6,305,550 57,300,540 5,491,580 90,191,020

-24,500 53,500,430 -825,506 68,137 -102,190 -2,619,000 -60,092,405 -44,590 -31,679 -44,990 -35,119,324 -4,023,886 -1,147,370 -29,808.00 29,605,957 430,360 -6,586,848 58,710 15,440,508 71,594,610 -759,070 -235,000 13,406,375.50 -28,483,891 719,057 573,700 -62,700 14,188,480.00 2,610 25,457,424

ABRA MINING APEX MINING ATLAS MINING ATOK BENGUET A BENGUET B CENTURY PEAK COAL ASIA HLDG DIZON MINES FERRONICKEL GEOGRACE LEPANTO A LEPANTO B MANILA MINING A MANILA MINING B MARCVENTURES NICKEL ASIA NIHAO OMICO CORP ORNTL PENINSULA ORNTL PETROL A PHILODRILL PX MINING PXP ENERGY SEMIRARA MINING UNITED PARAGON

0.0034 1.57 4.81 17.98 1.64 1.66 1.67 0.305 7.2 2.47 0.211 0.149 0.153 0.0094 0.0095 1.46 6.06 1.19 0.425 0.86 0.011 0.013 6 11.74 29.65 0.0066

0.0035 1.68 4.81 18.24 1.64 1.66 1.67 0.32 7.39 2.49 0.224 0.149 0.153 0.0094 0.0095 1.46 6.08 1.19 0.43 0.89 0.011 0.013 6 14.3 30.2 0.0067

0.0032 1.57 4.79 17.98 1.61 1.66 1.63 0.305 7.2 2.41 0.211 0.146 0.153 0.0094 0.0094 1.4 5.9 1.14 0.425 0.85 0.011 0.012 5.81 11.2 29.6 0.0066

MINING & OIL 0.0033 708,000,000 1.67 11,189,000 4.79 34,000 18.24 10,500 1.62 109,000 1.66 13,000 1.65 1,110,000 0.32 510,000 7.2 17,700 2.44 717,000 0.219 160,000 0.147 18,870,000 0.153 200,000 0.0094 3,000,000 0.0094 3,000,000 1.42 674,000 5.9 5,332,900 1.19 115,000 0.43 300,000 0.85 549,000 0.011 75,700,000 0.012 27,100,000 5.82 436,700 14.16 31,885,300 29.7 3,714,400 0.0067 5,000,000

2,373,600 18,187,900 163,330 189,446 177,030 21,580 1,824,670 161,250 128,726 1,755,570 34,690 2,773,100 30,600 28,200 28,300 952,170 31,813,017 136,090 128,750 472,380 832,700 346,000 2,584,566 417,365,202 110,981,275 33,400

412,700 -40,750 4,810 38,520 76,040 -20,789,998 -1,000 -131,340 37,737,498 -28,834,300 -

ABS HLDG PDR AC PREF B1 DD PREF FGEN PREF F FGEN PREF G GLO PREF P GMA HLDG PDR GTCAP PREF B HOUSE PREF A LR PREF PF PREF 2 PNX PREF 3A PNX PREF 3B SMC PREF 2B SMC PREF 2C SMC PREF 2D SMC PREF 2E SMC PREF 2G SMC PREF 2H SMC PREF 2I

28.5 504 102.1 102.5 110.8 520 6.09 1,009 101 1.06 1,000 104.9 111 76 79.9 75.1 76.4 76.5 78 77.3

28.5 504 102.5 106.5 110.8 520 6.09 1,009 101.9 1.06 1,000 104.9 111 76.5 79.95 75.1 76.4 76.5 79 77.3

28.05 504 102.1 102.5 110.8 520 6.09 1,000 101 1.06 1,000 104.9 111 75.15 79.9 75 76.4 75 78 77.3

PREFERRED 28.05 162,500 504 250 102.1 9,240 106.5 11,960 110.8 70 520 50 6.09 12,100 1,000 15 101.9 10,910 1.06 2,000 1,000 310 104.9 2,800 111 20 76.5 60,200 79.95 9,800 75 60,000 76.4 160 76 14,480 79 94,560 77.3 1,200

4,629,690 126,000 944,501 1,226,420 7,756 26,000 73,689 15,090 1,102,264 2,120 310,000 293,720 2,220 4,524,393.50 783,335.50 4,500,186 12,224 1,096,368 7,430,680 92,760

-44,760 1,010,354 -4,509,093.50 -

LR WARRANT

4.88

5.08

4.4

WARRANTS 4.41 8,246,000

38,717,400

7,030

15,030,720 12,320 1,241,800 6,722,250

-381,126 -89,000 -262,680

7,122,774

-46,778

HOLDING FIRMS 0.31 2,670,000 68.05 1,184,360 13.42 8,313,500 0.94 57,000 6.78 215,600 0.57 4,352,000 0.58 1,564,000 916 423,860 1,400 1,960 7.24 1,047,700 12.6 5,355,900 7.55 6,100 4.65 58,000 5.4 3,000 0.2 50,000 1,211 100,340 6.94 10,400 62 2,404,270 0.65 303,000 5.04 705,200 18.68 4,310,000 0.74 64,768,000 5.27 42,786,300 0.045 13,900,000 1.11 891,000 3.03 4,325,000 134.1 425,150 2.57 1,000 930.5 385,520 1.82 11,922,000 665.5 12,810 265 6,370 0.23 290,000 0.2 1,160,000 0.195 130,000 PROPERTY 6.6 0.98 16.48 2.06 0.84 39.75 3.65 4.7 6.03 6.13 6.22 0.43 1.11 1 0.25 0.47 30.7 0.64 0.133 1.62 1.38 0.99 4.64 0.61 0.37

148,100 5,891,000 81,000 101,000 438,000 20,396,000 292,000 1,155,000 327,600 8,000 2,100 8,540,000 105,000 390,000 11,050,000 790,000 825,100 357,000 10,000 22,348,000 3,059,000 2,837,000 27,234,000 414,794,000 4,340,000

ITALPINAS MAKATI FINANCE PHILAB HLDG XURPAS

5.3 3.08 3.53 3.15

5.77 3.08 3.65 3.33

5.26 3.08 3.3 3.12

FIRST METRO ETF

123.1

123.6

121.8

USD TECH B2

1.03

1.02

TRADING SUMMARY

FINANCIAL

17,181,076

INDUSTRIAL

164,224,477

HOLDING FIRMS

184,597,293

PROPERTY

558,400,098

SERVICES

246,488,189

MINING & OIL

898,100,046

GRAND TOTAL

2,074,214,293

5.32 3.08 3.4 3.22

SME

2,732,000 4,000 356,000 2,070,000

EXCHA NGE TRADED FUNDS 121.8 58,260 1.02

DDS

129,220

132,596.60

VALUE 2,069.38 (down) 41.48 1,418,499,967.21 FINANCIAL INDUSTRIAL 11,226.78 (down) 48.57 1,931,152,797.758 HOLDING FIRMS 7,858.18 (down) 182.17 1,844,802,827.72 PROPERTY 3,550.99 (down) 84.51 1,672.20 (up) 0.32 1,764,475,102.82 SERVICES MINING & OIL 10,691.20 (up) 189.59 1,934,450,158.48 PSEI 7,909.07 (down) 150.53 593,541,666.209 All Shares Index 4,789.06 (down) 59.43 9,517,062,588.82 Gainers: 85; Losers: 139; Unchanged: 41; Total: 265

Filinvest Land says profit up 9% to P5.83b By Jenniffer B. Austria FILINVEST Land Inc., one of the largest integrated real estate developers owned by the Gotianun family, said Wednesday net income in 2017 climbed nine percent to P5.83 billion from a year ago, boosted by the strong rental of retail and office development projects. FLI said in a disclosure to the stock exchange consolidated revenue reached P20.27 billion with rental sales growing 30 percent to P4.42 billion from P3.38 billion a year ago. “We are looking forward to the company’s accelerated growth in 2018 as our new office buildings and shopping malls become operational and generate incremental rental revenues. We also expect residential revenues to remain stable,” FLI president and chief executive Josephine Gotianun Yap said. FLI operates 22 office buildings totaling 348,000 square meters of gross leasable area. Two more buildings have been substantially completed and are due for turnover—Cebu Cyberzone Tower Two in Lahug, Cebu City, and Cyberzone Mimosa Building 1 in Clark. The two will add 36,000 square meters of leasable office area. FLI has nine other buildings under construction, namely Axis One and Axis Two in Northgate Cyberzone, Cyberzone Bay City A and D in Pasay City, Cyberzone Mimosa Building 2 in Clark, One Filinvest in Ortigas, Activa and Studio 7 in Quezon City, and 100 West in Makati, with a total of 263,000 square meters of additional GLA. The property company 50,000 sq. m. of retail space in 2017 with the opening of two malls in Bacoor, Cavite and Tagaytay. The group’s total retail GLA now stands at 239,000 square meters. FLI is expected to add another 41,000 sq. m. of retail space in 2018 with the opening of two malls in Cebu and Dumaguete. FLI earlier planned to hit its target of one million square meters of office and retail leasable space by 2019. FLI`, meanwhile, plans to launch P16 billion worth of residential projects in 2018, higher than P14.6 billion unveiled in 2017.

AUB booked net income of P2.8b in 2017 By Julito G. Rada ASIA United Bank, the financial arm of the Rebisco Group, said net income in 2017 jumped 23 percent to P2.8 billion from a year ago, driven mainly by the strength in core businesses. The bank said in a statement Wednesday the 2017 performance was consistent with the 21-percent growth in total assets to nearly P200 billion and the 23-percent growth of total deposits to P159 billion. AUB opened 10 additional branches, bringing its network nationwide to 249 branches. Total loans increased 34 percent to P131.1 billion, allowing the AUB Group to book a net interest income of P6.5 billion, 15 percent higher than in 2016. “We are confident that AUB will show accelerated growth on our core lending business as we cater to the needs of corporates and small and medium enterprises. We are making headways in the consumer market, particularly in credit cards, salary and pension loans,” bank president Manuel Gomez said in a statement. To fuel its consumer market expansion, AUB recently relaunched its pioneering loan product, AUB CASHelp (Corporate Auto Salary Housing Employee Loan Program), as a one-stop consumer loan facility for accredited companies to help their employees seeking auto loan, housing loan, or mere cash assistance in times of need. AUB’s IT platform has again demonstrated its leadership as it enabled AUB to become the first Philippine partner bank of WeChat Pay, the second largest mobile payment app in China. The partnership enables AUB to seize opportunities from the growing Chinese tourist arrivals in the country. Gomez said AUB would subsequently achieve faster growth amid its relationships with accredited Philippine merchants.

Manila

Standard

TODAY

extrastory2000@gmail.com

Business/World

GATT, WTO and Trump: The Supreme Irony ONE of the greatest ironies is currently being played out in the international trade arena. The irony stems from the announcement by President Donald Trump that the US will increase the tariffs on its imports of steel and aluminum products. During the last century and thus far in the twenty-first century the US has been the key player in the multinational effort to create and maintain a stable trade order. Realizing that most of the international conflicts of modern world history have to one extent or another been caused by trade differences, the US insisted, at the Bretton Woods conference on post-World War II international arrangements, that an institution to promote world trade stability be created alongside institutions to maintain international financial stability (the International Monetary Fund) and to provide assistance for economic and social development projects (the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, or World Bank). The creation of an international trade institution was to be accomplished through the signing of the conference participants – these included the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) and China, then governed by the Nationalist administration of Chiang Kai-shek – of a General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The signing of GATT was meant to bring an International Trade Organization (ITO) into being. Unfortunately, while the major World War II Allies were willing to sign – and did sign – the GATT, a number of them were not prepared, for one reason or another, to agree to the creation of an ITO. For the moment, ITO was in limbo and would remain that way for decades. In a display of utmost pragmatism, the pro-ITO conferees decided that GATT would function as an operational institution, undertaking the trade promotion and stabilization activities that ITO would have undertaken. GATT functioned as a quasi-ITO for many decades, establishing rules and regulations for the orderly conduct of world

trade, holding international conferences – called Rounds – for trade negotiations among member countries and candidates for membership and monitoring trade-related international developments. Toward the end of the 20th century, realizing that the world needed a regular international trade organization and recognizing the superb work that GATT had been doing, the US and the other major trading nations decided to bring the World Trade Organization (WTO) into being, in the process putting an end to the long and creditable life of GATT. What had taken place was a mere change of name; WTO had simply taken over GATT’s marching orders and operational infrastructure. There surely can be no better recognition of the value of the contribution of GATT/WTO to the prosperity and peace of the world than the interest of non-member countries – until, not so long ago, China – in being admitted into WTO. Through the years since 1944, when the nearly victorious World War II Allies met in the quiet New Hampshire town of Bretton Woods, the US Has been in the forefront of the enduring campaign for an international marketplace characterized by free or low-tariff movement of goods and services. Indeed, so involved in, and so committed to the work of GATT/WTO has the US been that some commentators have gone so far as to equate US trade policy with GATT/WTO operations. At the start of this column I spoke of an irony. The irony is this. All the effort, commitment and resources that America has expended over the decades in its pursuit of world trade stability is being undermined by the current head of the US government. The irony is truly supreme. E-mail: romero.business.class@ gmail.com

BONIFACIO DRIVE, SOUTH HARBOR, PORT AREA, MANILA 1018, PHILIPPINES P.O. BOX 436, MANILA, PHILIPPINES Tel. No. (0632) 527-8356, Fax. No. (0632) 527-4855 HTTP://WWW.PPA.COM.PH

INVITATION TO BID

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THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018 CESAR BARRIOQUINTO, Editor mst.daydesk@gmail.com

Activists fear Xi’s ‘new era’ promise B EIJING―As Xi Jinping embarks on a potentially lifelong presidency, activists fear that the Chinese leader’s promise of a “new era” sounds the death knell for human rights under an increasingly digital-savvy police state.

The Chinese government has severely reduced space for civil liberties since Xi took power in 2012, and authorities are developing new technologies to keep the vast population in check. They include include facial recognition software as well as a “social credit” system for good behavior―eerily similar to an episode of Netﬂix’s sci-ﬁ hit “Black Mirror” that depicted a dystopian society governed by such scores. Ye Du, a poet and activist who lives in southern Guangdong province, warned

Myanmar’s president quits YANGON―Myanmar’s President Htin Kyaw resigned suddenly on Wednesday, leaving the country’s de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi without a close conﬁdant and political ally as she faces rising international opprobrium over the Rakhine crisis. The president, an old school friend of Suu Kyi, served as her proxy in an ofﬁce she was barred from occupying under Myanmar’s military-drafted constitution. His role was largely ceremonial with Suu Kyi calling the shots within her civilian administration, under the selfappointed title of State Counselor. But he was nonetheless the country’s head of state and a key domestic ally for Suu Kyi within her party. Myanmar’s Vice President Myint Swe, a retired general close to the former junta leader Than Shwe, will temporarily move into the role until a new president is in place, according to the constitution. Observers say this will likely make some inside Suu Kyi’s ruling National League for Democracy party queasy as, in theory, decisions could be pushed through―or held back―in this time. AFP

that China is entering a stage of “high-tech totalitarianism” in which most citizens will feel the psychological impact. “The Chinese Communist Party has begun to pay more and more attention to cloud technology, monitoring technology and other tools, trying to integrate the most cutting-edge technology for the monitoring of the behavior and thoughts of the people,” Ye told AFP. Xi’s move to stay in ofﬁce beyond the end of his second term in 2023, rubberstamped this week when parliament abol-

ished term limits, triggered a rare bout of criticism on social media. Censors blocked dozens of phrases such as “I disagree” or “emperor”, in an illustration of their resolve to maintain stability, backed by a massive increase in domestic security spending in recent years. Last month, some police began to don high-tech sunglasses that can spot suspects in crowded areas, the newest use of facial recognition technology that has drawn concerns among human rights groups. The glasses send people’s images to a database that checks their personal information. It is part of China’s efforts to build a digital surveillance system able to use a variety of biometric data―from photos and iris scans to ﬁngerprints―to keep close tabs on the movements of the entire population. AFP

IN BRIEF

Monkeys use tools to crack nuts

Tyson the stray hippo captured in Mexico MEXICO CITY―A stray hippopotamus that had been roaming around the countryside in Mexico has been captured after a 10-day hunt and relocated to a wildlife refuge, authorities said Tuesday. “Tyson,” as the locals had named the stray hippo, drew a large fan following―and even inspired his own Facebook page―after mysteriously showing up several weeks ago in a rural area in Las Choapas, in the eastern state of Veracruz. But with locals ﬂocking to take his picture, feed him and even pet him, Mexican environmental authority Profepa feared a tragedy in the making. Nile hippopotami are notoriously dangerous, and have been known to maul and even devour people. “Since this is an exotic species of African origin and its presence in the ﬁelds of the Las Choapas municipality posed a high risk to people and the ecosystem ... Profepa launched a special operation to relocate him to a secure site,” the authority said in a statement. It is unclear how Tyson―who weighs 600 kilograms (1,300 pounds) and is believed to be about three years old―ended up on the loose in Mexico. Locals have speculated he may have escaped from a drug kingpin’s collection of exotic pets. AFP

BONIFACIO DRIVE, SOUTH HARBOR, PORT AREA, MANILA 1018, PHILIPPINES P.O. BOX 436, MANILA, PHILIPPINES Tel. No. (0632) 527-8356, Fax. No. (0632) 527-4855 HTTP://WWW.PPA.COM.PH

INVITATION TO BID

PARIS―Wild macaque monkeys have learned to use tools to crack open nuts and even shuck oysters, researchers said Wednesday, identifying a rare skill-set long thought to be the exclusive party trick of humans and chimps. Scientists from Britain and Thailand, where the native long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) feeds on sea almonds, oil palm nuts and the occasional bivalve, observed the monkeys using stones for two distinct tasks. Larger rocks, some weighing up to two kilogrammes (4.5 pounds), were used as a hammer to smash open nuts, while sharper stones formed knife-like levers to jimmy open prey such as oysters. Before the study, conducted on Thailand’s Piak Nam Yai island, it was thought that only chimpanzees and bearded capuchins used stones to break open food in the wild. Professor Tomos Profﬁtt, British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at University College London, who wrote the study, said it could have wide relevance to primate studies. “It contributes to our increasing understanding that not only apes and humans use tools for different tasks,” he told AFP. “We should view macaques as highly intelligent problem solvers, in the same way that chimpanzees, capuchin monkeys are and early humans were also.” AFP

BONIFACIO DRIVE, SOUTH HARBOR, PORT AREA, MANILA 1018, PHILIPPINES P.O. BOX 436, MANILA, PHILIPPINES Tel. No. (0632) 527-8356, Fax. No. (0632) 527-4855 HTTP://WWW.PPA.COM.PH

INVITATION TO BID

FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF PORT OPERATIONS BUILDING, PORT OF DUMAGUETE, DUMAGUETE CITY, NEGROS ORIENTAL

FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORT OPERATIONS BUILDING, PORT OF BABAK, SAMAL, DAVAO DEL NORTE

FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF RC WHARF EXTENSION, PORT OF LILOY, LAMAO, ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

The Philippine Ports Authority, through the Corporate Budget of the Authority for CY 2018, intends to apply the sum of P 112,670,064.39 being the Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC) to payments under the contract for the Proposed Construction of Port Operations Building (LFP NOS No. 003-2018). Bids received in excess of the ABC shall be automatically rejected at bid opening.

The Philippine Ports Authority, through the Corporate Budget of the Authority for CY 2018 intends to apply the sum of P 42,744,256.77 being the Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC) to payments under the contract for the Construction of Port Operations Building, Port of Babak, Samal, Davao del Norte (LFP DVO No. 004-2018. Bids received in excess of the ABC shall be automatically rejected at bid opening.

The Philippine Ports Authority, through the Corporate Budget of the Authority for CY 2018, intends to apply the sum of P 63,789,567.78 being the Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC) to payments under the contract for the Proposed Construction of RC Wharf Extension, Port of Liloy, Lamao, Zamboanga del Norte (LFP ZDN No. 005-2018). Bids received in excess of the ABC shall be automatically rejected at bid opening.

The Philippine Ports Authority now invites bids for A. Demolition and Removal Works B. Port Operations Building. Completion of the Works is required in 330 calendar days. Bidders should have completed a contract similar to the Project. The description of an eligible bidder is contained in the Bidding Documents, particularly, in Section II. Instructions to Bidders.

The Philippine Ports Authority now invites bids for A. Construction of RC Wharf Extension (Area = 594 sq. m.). Completion of the Works is required in 300 calendar days. Bidders should have completed a contract similar to the Project. The description of an eligible bidder is contained in the Bidding Documents, particularly, in Section II. Instructions to Bidders.

Bidding is restricted to Filipino citizens/sole proprietorships, cooperatives, and partnerships or organizations with at least seventy five percent (75%) interest or outstanding capital stock belonging to citizens of the Philippines.

Interested bidders may obtain further information from the Philippine Ports Authority’s Bids and Awards Committee (BAC) for Engineering Projects and inspect the Bidding Documents at the address given below from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday.

A complete set of Bidding Documents may be acquired by interested Bidders on 22 March 2018 from the address below and upon payment of the applicable fee for the Bidding Documents, pursuant to the latest Guidelines issued by the GPPB, in the amount of TWENTY FIVE THOUSAND PESOS (P 25,000.00).

It may also be downloaded free of charge from the website of the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System (PhilGEPS) and the website of the Philippine Ports Authority, provided that bidders shall pay the applicable fee for the Bidding Documents not later than the submission of their bids.

The Philippine Ports Authority’s Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects will hold a Pre-Bid Conference on 02 April 2018 at 10:00 a.m. at the PPA Function Room, 7th Floor, PPA Bldg., Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila, which shall be open to all prospective bidders.

Bids must be duly received by the BAC Secretariat at the address below on or before 1:00 p.m. of 17 April 2018. All bids must be accompanied by a bid security in any of the acceptable forms and in the amount stated in the bidding documents.

Bids must be duly received by the BAC Secretariat at the address below on or before 9:00 a.m. of 18 April 2018. All bids must be accompanied by a bid security in any of the acceptable forms and in the amount stated in the bidding documents.

Bid opening shall be on 17 April 2018 at 2:00 p.m. at the 7th Floor, PPA Building, A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila. Bids will be opened in the presence of the bidder’s representatives who choose to attend at the address below. Late bids shall not be accepted.

Bid opening shall be on 18 April 2018 at 10:00 a.m. at the 7th Floor, PPA Building, A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila. Bids will be opened in the presence of the bidder’s representatives who choose to attend at the address below. Late bids shall not be accepted.

The Philippine Ports Authority now invites bids for A. CHB Fence, Demolition and Removal Works B. Construction of Port Operations Building. Completion of the Works is required in 420 calendar days. Bidders should have completed a contract similar to the Project. The description of an eligible bidder is contained in the Bidding Documents, particularly, in Section II. Instructions to Bidders. Bidding will be conducted through open competitive bidding procedures using non-discretionary pass/fail criterion as specified in the 2016 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act 9184 (RA 9184), otherwise known as the “Government Procurement Reform Act.” Bidding is restricted to Filipino citizens/sole proprietorships, cooperatives, and partnerships or organizations with at least seventy five percent (75%) interest or outstanding capital stock belonging to citizens of the Philippines. Interested bidders may obtain further information from the Philippine Ports Authority’s Bids and Awards Committee (BAC) for Engineering Projects and inspect the Bidding Documents at the address given below from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday. A complete set of Bidding Documents may be acquired by interested Bidders on 22 March 2018 from the address below and upon payment of the applicable fee for the Bidding Documents, pursuant to the latest Guidelines issued by the GPPB, in the amount of FIFTY THOUSAND PESOS (P 50,000.00). It may also be downloaded free of charge from the website of the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System (PhilGEPS) and the website of the Philippine Ports Authority, provided that bidders shall pay the applicable fee for the Bidding Documents not later than the submission of their bids. The Philippine Ports Authority’s Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects will hold a Pre-Bid Conference on 02 April 2018 at 10:00 a.m. at the PPA Function Room, 7th Floor, PPA Bldg., Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila, which shall be open to all prospective bidders. Bids must be duly received by the BAC Secretariat at the address below on or before 9:00 a.m. of 17 April 2018. All bids must be accompanied by a bid security in any of the acceptable forms and in the amount stated in the bidding documents. Bid opening shall be on 17 April 2018 at 10:00 a.m. at the 7th Floor, PPA Building, A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila. Bids will be opened in the presence of the bidder’s representatives who choose to attend at the address below. Late bids shall not be accepted. •

Required PCAB Registration: Medium B – Building and Industrial Plant

•

Required PCAB Registration: Medium A – Building and Industrial Plant

For further information, please refer to:

BAC Secretariat, Philippine Ports Authority 5th Floor, PPA Bldg., A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila Telephone/Fax No. 527-47-35 527-83-56 to 83 loc. 539 PPA Website: www.ppa.com.ph

BAC Secretariat, Philippine Ports Authority 5th Floor, PPA Bldg., A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila

Telephone/Fax No. 527-47-35 527-83-56 to 83 loc. 539

PPA Website: www.ppa.com.ph

ANGELINA A. LLOSE Vice-Chairperson, PPA Head Office Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects (HO-BAC-EP) Standard – March 22, 2017

Required PCAB Registration: Medium A – Port, Harbor and Offshore Engineering

For further information, please refer to:

BAC Secretariat, Philippine Ports Authority 5th Floor, PPA Bldg., A. Bonifacio Drive, South Harbor, Port Area, Manila

ANGELINA A. LLOSE Vice-Chairperson, PPA Head Office Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects (HO-BAC-EP)

•

ANGELINA A. LLOSE Vice-Chairperson, PPA Head Office Bids and Awards Committee for Engineering Projects (HO-BAC-EP) Standard – March 22, 2017

Standard – March 22, 2017

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LGUs

Jimbo Owen Gulle, Editor lgu@manilastandard.net editor.lgustandard@gmail.com

LoCaL GovErNmENt uNItS

thursday, march 22, 2018

By Rio N. Araja

HALL OF FAME. Quezon City Mayor Herbert Bautista congratulates Barangay Holy Spirit for being elevated to the hall of fame of the Quezon City Barangay Seal of Good Housekeeping Dangal ng Lungsod, conferred by the city government to barangays that have set the benchmark of best practices in governance in the grassroots level. Represented by barangay chairman Felicito Valmocina, Barangay Holy Spirit has received the award starting 2015, and thus received a cash incentive of P5 million. Assisting the Mayor is Juan Jovian Ingeniero, city director of the Department of Interior and Local Government-Quezon City. Manny Palmero

In BrIef Caloocan hosts mass oathtaking House speaker Pantaleon Alvarez, as secretary general of ruling party PDP-Laban, has officially sworn into the party Caloocan District 1 Rep. Dale Gonzalo Malapitan and other local officials of the city. Rep. Malapitan is the local president of PDP-Laban Caloocan. He thanked and congratulated all the local officials who showed support and joined the PDP-Laban party. It was noticed that the left hand of the officials was raised, not the right. Among the special guests who were present during the oath taking are Presidential spokesperson Harry Roque, Maguindanao 2nd District Rep. Zajid Mangundadatu, and oriental Mindoro 2nd District Rep. Reynaldo umali. Jun David

P2P routes set in Noveleta, Cavite THe Department of Transportation in coordination with Cavite local government units, is set to start by June the additional Premium Pointto-Point Bus service (P2P) routes connecting Noveleta town, and Bacoor, Imus and populous Dasmarinas City to Makati City terminal. Richmund de Leon, DoTr’s Assistant secretary for Transport, said the P2P transport system is one of the DoTr’s priority projects to alleviate traffic congestion, commuters’ safety, convenient, and comfortable transport system. The target terminal of Noveleta town-Makati route is at PureGold in town proper area, according to Mayor Dino Reyes Chua. The point-to-point service commitment prohibits frequent stops, as the buses will travel directly from the terminals to their drop off points specifically in Makati City terminal

Makati orders ‘porn billboard’ shut down

By Joel E. Zurbano

He Makati City government has shut down an electronic billboard at the corner of sen. Gil Puyat Avenue and Makati Avenue after it displayed pornographic material for more than a minute late Tuesday afternoon. Mayor Abigail Binay immediately ordered Globaltronics, the operator of the billboard, to cease its operation after learning that it exhibited the sex video that went viral on social media Binay also tapped the city’s Business Permits and Licensing office under its chief lawyer Maribert Pagente to investigate to determine the liabilities of the billboard’s operator and personnel. “The billboard will remain closed pending the results of an investigation

into the incident and the liabilities of the owner Globaltronics and its personnel,” said Pagente. Mulong sermonia, one of the netizens who witnessed, recorded and posted the video on social media, said he took out his gadget to record the electronic display upon seeing the pornographic material. He added he was inside his car when he saw a man on top having sex with his partner in the video. several other motorists, public trans-

port commuters, street vendors and passersby also witnessed the video. Pagente said upon being informed of reports of inappropriate images being shown on the billboard, “Mayor Abby Binay immediately ordered the owner of the billboard to cease and desist from operations last night.” He said the operator immediately complied with the order. The mayor also ordered an immediate investigation of the incident to determine the cause and liabilities of those concerned. Pending such investigation, the billboard shall remain closed,” added Pagente. Reports said a computer software application for Internet-based remote access, support, file transfer and desktop sharing was used to air the video

Emergency GSIS loans for Cardona THe Government service Insurance system has earmarked a total of P29.76 million in emergency loan for its 1,198 active members and old-age pensioners in Cardona, Rizal, who were affected by water lilies that obstructed their shores. The deadline for application is April 12. Active members in the calamity area who have no existing emergency loans may apply for a P20,000 loan. The active members who have not yet fully paid their loan may borrow P40,000, from which the remaining balance will be deducted. To qualify, active members must be working or residing in the said area, not be on leave of absence without pay, have no arrears in paying premium contributions, and have no unpaid loans for more than six months. They should also have a minimum net take-home pay of P5,000 after the monthly premium contribution and loan amortization have been deducted.

3-way battle looming for QC vice mayor post in 2019 polls

FISHING HEARING. Senator Cynthia Villar, chairman of the Committee on Agriculture and Food, called a public hearing to assess the implementation of Republic Act 10654, the law against illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the country. Villar inquired from Usec. Eduardo Gongona (right), director of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, the amount collected from violators since the law took effect in 2015. Under the law principally authored by Villar, the penalties and fines will be collected to form the Fisheries Management Fund, where 65 percent will be allocated to assist small fisherfolk in the form of shared facilities, scholarship and livelihood programs. Lino Santos

Trail run, trade expo to mark 76th Araw ng Kalayaan By Romeo Dizon sAN FeRNANDo, Pampanga—A 160-kilometer competitive freedom trail and a trade exhibit will mark this year’s commemoration of the 76th Araw ng Kagitingan on March 24 in Bataan. on April 9, President Rodrigo R. Duterte will lead the commemoration at

the Dambana Ng Kagitingan at the Mt. samat shrine in Pilar, Bataan. Called Bataan Freedom Trail, the event is composed of competitive team race, non-competitive cycling for bikes, and torch-passing for the youth, a statement released by the Philippines Veteran Bank said. The trail will traverse the actual historical sites of the 160 kilometers Death

‘Fiesta’ of bamboo, goat production tech By Butch Gunio MARAMAG, Bukidnon—The Northern Mindanao Consortium for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development hosted its first Farmers encounters through the science and Technology Agenda featuring advances in the technology on bamboo and goat production. Director Marita A. Carlos, Applied Communication Division head of the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development, represented PCAARRD executive director Dr. Reynaldo V. ebora in the event’s opening Wednesday. Carlos and Dr. Maria Luisa R. soliven, NoM-

CAARRD RRDC Chairperson and Central Mindanao university President, kicked off the twoday program that includes technology forums on bamboo and goat, technology matching, farmers’ forum and business coaching being held at CMu Convention Center. Booths of the 19 members of NoMCAARRD showcasing their respective products and technology were set up inside the convention center. In his message to the event as relayed by Carlos, ebora said the staging of FIesTA here may become instrumental in promoting engineered bamboo and goat production technologies as well as other value adding initiatives that will provide Filipinos with better livelihood options.

March routes that started in the town of Mariveles in Bataan passing through the train station in the City of san Fernando Pampanga up to the north of Capas, Tarlac. The trail aims to uphold the bravery of the 80,000 Filipino and the American soldiers who fought in the three-month Battle of Bataan during the second World War on April 9, 1942.

IT’s going to be a three-way battle for vice mayor of Quezon City in the 2019 local elections. Councilor Roderick Paulate is running as an independent against District 3 Councilor Gian Carlo sotto and District 2 Rep. Winston “Winnie” Castelo, several sources have confirmed to Manila standard. sotto is the son of senator Vicente “Tito” sotto and will be the running mate of incumbent Vice Mayor Joy Belmonte, who has confirmed her bid for the city mayoralty next year. Meanwhile, Castelo is the husband of three-term Councilor Precious Hipolito Castelo—a former broadcast journalist and child actor like Paulate—and will be the partner of Rep. Vincent “Bingbong” Crisologo, president of the ruling PDP-Laban party in QC’s District 1. Precious Castelo will run to take her husband’s place in Congress, sources added. As for Paulate, a ranking official of his office, requesting anonymity, said the councilor was “definite” in his decision to seek a higher post, “as vice mayor or Congressman [in District 2].” Meanwhile, the 37-member Quezon City council has passed a resolution ratifying a memorandum of agreement to transfer funds to the Quezon City government from the Department of Public Works and HighwaysNational Capital Region. The funds are meant for affected informal settler families, who are being displaced by the road construction and improvement on Visayas Avenue extension traversing Tandang sora Avenue to Republic Avenue. District Councilor Raquel Malangen authored City Resolution 7188 of 2017, authorizing Mayor Herbert Bautista to receive an allocated fund of P37,829,880 from the DPWH. The fund shall be distributed to 1,353 informal settler families as financial assistance. each informal settler family will receive P27, 960 corresponding to the current minimum wage for 60 days under section 28 of Republic Act No. 7279 or the urban Development and Housing Act.

Joy: Federalism to stop internal NCR migration THRouGH federalism, Quezon City Vice Mayor Joy Belmonte is hoping to stop internal migration in the National Capital Region. she believes federalism would help stem the tide of internal migration in Metro Manila, citing migration is triggering rapid urbanization and straining the resources of highly urbanized cities. Quezon City is like other cities in the NCR whose population have rapidly increased over the years due to the influx of people from the rural areas looking for greener pastures, the vice mayor noted. “In seven or eight years’ time, our population in Quezon City has increased by more than 400,000. It’s not that we’re lacking, but we keep building and building, but migrants continue to swell,” she said. Belmonte said one of the solution to address the problem of migration is the development of the provinces. “This is important so the people there will no longer go here in Metro Manila,” she added. Belmonte said she backed the shift to a federal form of government to solve key economic problems and provide each region with equal opportunities for development. “Ideally, according to the principles of federalism, there will be equal growth,” she added. Rio N. Araja

MEGA DEAL.

Actress Marian Rivera (second from right) shakes hands with Michelle Tiu Chan, vice president for finance of Mega Global, to become the endorser of Mega Global at the launch of the Prime Mom Club, as the world celebrates Women’s Month in March. With them are Marvin Tiu Lim (left), VP sales and marketing for Mega Global, and Rams Davis, Rivera’s manager. Norman Cruz

Life

Bernadette Lunas, Issue Editor manilastandardlife@gmail.com @manilastandardlife @mstandardLIFE

household

thursday, march 22, 2018

Babyzen’s YOYO is an innovative, all-in-one stroller made for families on the go

Soon to rise in Pico de Loro is Freia, a luxury condominium development that allows residents to enjoy a beach resort living.

Condo

by the beach L

IVIng in a house by the beach is like going on vacation without ever leaving your home. That perhaps is the ultimate dream of urban dwellers seeking refuge from the harried pace of city life.

The dream of waking up everyday to a breathtaking view of the sea is a dream that Freia wants make a reality. Freia is the new luxury beach condominium development of SM Prime on Hamilo Coast in Pico de Loro Cove. Freia provides the best vantage points looking out to the picturesque West Philippine Sea and the Pico de Loro mountains. Residents in the condominium only need to walk five minutes to reach the Pico Beach, which boasts 1.5 kilometers of white sand and clear blue waters. Offering premium seaside living to its discerning clientele, Freia will have in its roster 223 superior condominium units that include spacious two-bedroom flats and three-bedroom penthouses. Ranging in size from 67 to 392 square meters, these resort-type condo residences exude a contemporary tropical vibe enhanced by its masterfully designed architecture by Broadway Malyan and gF & Partners.

The YOYO is the first stroller allowed as a cabin luggage

Travel-friendly baby stroller By Mae Gianina C. Pascual

Residents at Freia will have exclusive access to upscale, resort-style amenities

Common areas of the condominium, such as the lobby, was designed by Budji+Royal with cutting-edge local and international design concepts and high-quality fixtures, giving residents a total luxury beach resort experience. Residents will have exclusive access to its upscale, resort-style amenities, among which is an outdoor pool, lounge deck, function rooms, and lush pocket gardens. Unit ownership at Freia also comes with membership at the Pico de Loro Beach and Country Club.

Freia offers a breathtaking view of the West Philippine Sea and Pico de Loro mountains

Supporting Hamilo Coast’s commitment to responsible stewardship of nature and the seaside community’s natural topographies, Freia at Pico de Loro Cove also takes pride in its features that allow sustainable green living and cost-efficient operations. For instance, natural ventilation and daylighting, photovoltaic roofing, and an efficient waste management system will ensure reduced carbon footprints on the part of the residential community. For inquiries, call (02) 945-8000 or visit www.hamilocoast.com.

Many families like to travel together, but every parent knows that bringing along babies is not that easy. When you have an infant in the brood, you need to choose between packing less stuff and bringing every essential the baby needs or would probably need. Strollers are one of those things that offers convenience when traveling with babies but are often left at home because they are heavy, bulky, and sometimes too difficult to set up. In a bid to allow families go through their day and enjoy activities with their little ones without compromising comfort, mobility, and stability, French company Babyzen created yOyO, an innovative all-in-one stroller with unique features to match the lifestyle of families constantly on the go. Extremely maneuverable and mobile, yOyO can be easily steered using one hand, can be carried like a bag, and can fit in just about anywhere—from closet to car to overhead stowage bins of air-

The stroller comes with a travel bag accessory that can be worn as backpack or sling bag

planes. In fact, yOyO is the first stroller allowed as a cabin luggage, accepted on air France planes. Believing that strollers should be considered an investment, hands-on mom Iya Villania-arellano uses yOyO for her and Drew’s first child, antonio Primo. according to her, the versatility of the stroller benefits her because it offers attachments that allow modifications fit for babies and toddlers. as the baby matures, the stroller can be reconfigured from yOyO 0+, suitable for newborn babies, to the yOyO 6+ version, for babies older than six months, using the same frame. The yOyO 0+ version allows the baby to lie flat, facing his or her parent. With its four-wheel suspension, patented soft drive system, reinforced frame, cozy nest pad, and soft cover foot, the baby will travel in total comfort and security, giving parents peace of mind as they move around with their little ones. Parents can also add a car seat to the stroller system. This allows uninterrupted sleep during transit moving from car to stroller. It easily clips over the 0+ fabrics with a single click, using the included yOyO+ adapters. For optimal safety, the car seat comes with the Side Impact Protection system and padded head cushions. It also complies with the latest European safety standards. Soft-touch fabrics, magnetic straps, adjustable seat pad and headrest, and UV protection add extra touches of comfort to the baby while making everything easier for the parent. By simply changing the fabric, the stroller can be converted to yOyO 6+ that accommodates a growing baby’s needs and lets them travel facing the road. The #YOYObyAirFrance is available at select Baby Company (Rockwell, SM Megamall, SM Aura), The SM Store (SM Megamall, SM Aura, SM Mall of Asia, SM North Edsa), Pottery Barn Kids (Central Square and Estancia), Mothercare (BGC, Greenbelt 5, TriNoma), The Mommy Mundo Shop, The Parenting Emporium, The Nest APH, and online at Milkandhoney.ph and Qrius.ph. Photos by Mae Gianina C. Pascual

Life

thursday, march 22, 2018 manilastandardlife@gmail.com

Shelves and desk organizers help keep your table clutter-free

Keep food items in clear storage containers for easy retrieval

How to keep your home uncluttered

EClUTTErInG gives your home and your life a whole new experience— wherein you can breath freely, move more, and maximize every square inch of your living space.

Storage and organization retailer Makeroom and More shares these four tips that will help you free up more space in your closet, bathroom, kitchen, bedroom, office, garage, and even your luggage.

Determine the clutter

Clutter is subjective and depends entirely on the person. The first step to living an uncluttered life is learning to recognize what clutter really is, and how your space came to be cluttered in the first place. Clutter can be made up of things you buy because you want to be the type of person who uses them, but never do. It can also be those perfectly reasonable household products that simply lack a proper storage system. Some people love to shop so much that they buy more than they can use, and it piles up. Once you understand why you personally accumulate clutter, you’ll be well on the way toward cutting it out of your life. Getting stackable drawers that can be placed inside a closet or your bedside can be more beneficial than buying a drawer that is too big or bulky and takes up a lot of good space in your room.

Get storage shelves and boxes

If your desk has a lot of stuff all over it, all your good decluttering intentions will be meaningless if you don’t have a file cabinet or box to sort them into. Before you start an organizing project, make sure you have the proper tools. It would be better if you choose a box that is clear so that you can easily see what is inside. The flip-side to this rule is that simply buying too many shelves and stacking boxes won’t force you to declutter, and buying too many organizing products that you don’t really need can become clutter itself. So, shop carefully.

Clear containers help organize those items in easy to reach areas

Find the best storage solution

The quest for finding the best storage solutions led to many unconventional ways that aim to save space, but while these are truly innovative, some solutions don’t actually apply to all situations. A good storage solution helps create more space, reorganizes your items by grouping them together, and makes things easier to find by creating their proper “home.” Professional organizers recommend using clear plastic containers, as these allow you to see inside the container more easily, thus saving you precious time when trying to retrieve an item from storage. Make sure you label these containers for easy retrieval. A more decorative basket is great for your living spaces like dens and bedrooms.

Maximize easy to reach areas

Maximize the areas that can be easily seen and effortlessly reached to make the most out of these busy spaces. If you have a lot of things for everyday use, keep them within your primal real estate, that way you will easily remember that you have those specific things lying around. Don’t forget to use clear containers. Makeroom and More helps keep every home and space clutter-free with its wide range of space saving solutions. It is located at B5 Bonifacio High Street, Estancia Capitol Commons, Glorietta 4, Rustan’s Tower Shangri-La, and Power Plant Mall.

Liven up space with color THErE is no denying the power of color in designing spaces. It conveys and elicits emotion, it sets the mood and the tone, it creates ambiance and evokes nostalgia. Speaking purely visually, it can be used to create the illusion of space, separate areas, and create focal points. The fastest, most affordable, and easiest way to makeover a room and to change how people perceive it is to slap on a fresh coat of paint, more so if it is in a new color. “Cohesion is what makes a design work, and choosing the right color palette for your design objective is essential towards creating cohesive living spaces,” says SM Home assistant vice president for marketing Tom Castañeda. Four Filipino designers, through the In living Color series of SM Home in partnership with Boysen paints, showcase the power of color and how to inject it into different spaces of home.

Dawn Sy designed a living room using the Be You palette, composed of expansive neutrals and shades of blue, to show how a carefully selected palate of complementary colors creates a synergy all its own, and allows a home owner to personalize a space. Allen Oblena’s dining room, painted in the shades that make up the Be Here palette (refreshing shades of green), showcases the revitalizing power of color, and shows how old and worn furniture can be given a new and refreshing twist with a bit of creative color play. His vignette also highlights some easy DIY projects that can breathe new life into old furniture. Among color’s most powerful properties is its influence on human emotion. Grace Moslares’ bedroom, painted in the colors of the Be Bold palette (lovely shades of pink and blue), provides the perfect design expression of that power. She uses color to create a space that is inviting, calming, and restful.

Li-Fi is a two-way, high-speed wireless technology that uses light waves to transmit data

Internet connection through light Bedroom designed by Grace Moslares

Finally, Jennifer Soliman highlights the versatility of color in the most functional part of a home, the kitchen, painted in the shades that make up the Be Seen palette. Soliman cleverly uses colors that complement and that subtly create distinct enclaves within the seemingly small space.

Allen Oblena’s dining room showcases the revitalizing power of color Dawn Sy’s living room is designed using neutrals and shades of blue

IT lOOkS like we are entering a new era in technology as broadband Internet is now possible by way of lights. In fact, a real estate investment company is testing Philips lighting’s li-Fi or light Fidelity technology in its office in Paris, France. li-Fi is a two-way, high-speed wireless technology similar to Wi-Fi but uses light waves instead of radio waves to transmit data. Philips lighting is the first global lighting company to offer li-Fi-enabled luminaires from its existing office lighting portfolio. “li-Fi has enormous potential for today’s digital age and as the world’s leading lighting company we are proud to pioneer new and innovative services for our customers,” said Philips lighting chief innovation officer Olivia Qiu. Each luminaire is equipped with a built-in modem that modulates the light at speeds imperceptible to the human eye. The light is detected by a li-Fi USB key/dongle plugged into the socket of a laptop or tablet (in the future such technology will be built into laptops and devices). The li-Fi USB dongle returns data to the luminaire through an infrared link. With Philips liFi-enabled luminaires, customers get the double benefit of quality, energy-efficient lED light and a highly secure, stable and robust connection as li-Fi has 10,000 times the spectrum of Wi-Fi.

Philips’ office luminaires enabled with li-Fi technology provide broadband connection with a speed of 30 Mb per second (Mb/s) without compromising lighting quality. With 30Mb/s a user can stream simultaneously several HD quality videos while having video calls. “While radio frequencies are becoming congested, the visible light spectrum is an untapped resource with a large bandwidth suitable for the stable simultaneous connection of a vast array of Internet of Things devices,” said Qiu. French real estate company Icade is piloting this groundbreaking technology in its smart office in la Defense, France. “liFi has the potential to be a real game changer in offices,” enthused Emmanuelle Baboulin, head of the Commercial Property Investment Division at Icade. “As the leader in our market, we wanted to explore the possibilities of this technology for existing and future clients. We plan to showcase the technology in our smart office in la Defense, so aside from stable connectivity, light quality is crucial to us.” Icade also recognizes how, unlike Wi-Fi, li-Fi can be used in places where radio frequencies may interfere with equipment, such as hopitals or where Wi-Fi signals cannot reach or are weak.

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

nickie.standard@gmail.com

Simply Red... From C4

SEOUL INSPIRED. South Korean actors Hyun Woo, Lee Ki-woo, and Seo Ha-joon explore the bustling city of Macau.

Exploring new possibilities on FYI T

HIS month, get a look at beautiful new landscapes, push yourself to new fitness goals, and explore different home and living options, all on the leading contemporary lifestyle channel, FYI.

Continue to be Seoul Inspired by the colorful Korean lifestyle with The Friends In Macau every Friday at 8 p.m.. In this travelogue, South Korean actors Hyun Woo, Lee Kiwoo, and Seo Ha-joon take viewers on a tour of Macau’s most beautiful and culturally rich spots -- from historic landmarks to gorgeous beaches to vibrant nightlife and shopping destinations. Meanwhile, Fit to Fat to Fit is set on pushing 10 trainers to new limits. The all-new season features 10 personal trainers who must eat what the average overweight American eats, stop working out for four months, and then start a weight loss program alongside a client. The show

premieres March 24 at 8:00 p.m.. Watch talented young chefs battle it out on new installments of Stove Tots every Thursdays at 8 p.m. starting with the spicy episode “Cook Like A Cajun.” It’s the mama’s boy versus the seasoned chef versus the health nut in this culinary challenge, and when one chef turns out to be a student of another chef’s mother, the smack-talk runs rampant. New episodes of Sheffield’s Real Estate continue to follow DeLeon Sheffield as she juggles her fast-growing real estate business in the Tampa Bay area while raising three sons with her husband and baseball legend Gary Sheffield. In The Glass House, which airs every Monday at 8:00 p.m, watch as DeLeon helps single dad Calvin Jefferson find the perfect house for himself, his son, and a possible new Mrs. Jefferson. Finally, get your Income Property fix with brand new episodes of Scott McGillivray taking you through the exciting process of flipping houses. On March 27 at 8:00 p.m, get to know Sean, who needs to divide a single-family home into two units in the hopes of renting out half of the space and paying off his mortgage faster. FYI™ is available on SKYCable Ch 79; Cable Link Ch. 44; Dream Satellite Ch 21.

Opposites attract with Martha Stewart and Snoop Dogg EVERYONE’S heard of the old adage on how opposites attract, but Martha Stewart and Snoop Dogg demonstrate just how and why this works in the all new season of Martha and Snoop’s Pot Luck Dinner Party. An authority on all things lifestyle and fine living, Martha Stewart’s friendship with rap icon Snoop Dogg seemed quite unlikely, albeit fascinating. However, it’s their differing personas that captivate viewers as they tune in and witness these two forces of nature whip up delectable meals and beverages. The dynamic of polar opposites works as both are exposed to new ideas and experiences outside of their comfort zone. Differing personalities also tend to complement each other’s energy in a unique and harmonious way. In the second season of Martha & Snoop’s Potluck Dinner Party, the duo tackles new food themes and concocting signature cocktail. A crazy mix of their celebrity buddies are joining them for dinner parties they’ll never forget. Martha, Snoop, and their celebrity guests will take turns stirring the pots, throwing back drinks, and catching up with each others’ lives. Along the way, Martha and Snoop will reveal some tricks up their sleeve- unexpected hijinks and maybe even a celebrity secret or two. Martha & Snoop’s Potluck Dinner Party airs every Tuesday at 9:00 p.m. on TLC.

Rapper Snoop Dogg and TV host Martha Stewart

CROSSWORD PUZZLE Thursday, March 22, 2018

ACROSS 1 Fix apples 5 Polite cough 9 From Havana 14 Grad 15 Crumbly cheese 16 Boys Town site 17 Warrior 19 — Downs (racetrack) 20 Prickle 21 Fast-moving snake 23 Hole in a needle 24 Skirtlike garment 26 Horse’s ankle 28 Column type 31 Lacked 35 By Jove! 38 Eurasian range 40 Fence crossover 41 Roy Rogers’ wife 42 Becomes a dad 44 Bloke’s streetcar 45 Angry look 47 Apply caulking 48 Late-night host 49 Artists’ stands 51 Play hockey 53 Clock’s front 55 Pilot’s position 59 Cereal grain 62 Exits

65 Pierre’s brother 66 Arcade name 68 Hairdos 70 Long-legged bird 71 Auditorium 72 Kind of van 73 Pick up stakes 74 Baja Ms. 75 In full view

34 Test-drive vehicle 35 Advantage 36 Fete 37 Sorrowful wail 39 Pipe problem 43 — dunk 46 Skipping syllables 50 — Tome 52 Minor falling-out DOWN 54 Highland lakes 1 Treaties 2 Island greeting 56 Craggy abode 3 Gossip’s delight 57 Sherlock’s lady 4 Did needlework 5 At the stern 6 Perceive 7 Long-active volcano 8 Go together 9 Forces 10 Sports off. 11 Headquarters 12 Greeting at sea 13 Entry form ID 18 Part of A.D. 22 Many many years 25 Veld grazers 27 Percussion instruments 29 Purple flower 30 Is worried about 32 Terrible 33 Joie de vivre

friend 58 Varnish ingredient 59 Vacation destination 60 Pharaoh’s god 61 Rainproof cover 63 Hearty laugh 64 River deposit 67 Beluga delicacy 69 Gator Bowl site

She added that her character’s being torn between the two leading men challenges her to make sure she plays it convincingly. Loisa, who’s the other half of the love team McLisse, said her relationship with McCoy is still spirited but emphasized they’re not in a hurry to make any commitments. McCoy agreed especially now that they are both busy with the series and their characters continue to evolve. In vernacular, McCoy said, “It’s not unusual if I carry on the character I play even back home. I still have a difficult time shaking it off, so most of the time I stay longer with friends if only to bring me back to reality.” The Good Son has been earning favorable notices, not only from viewers but from very discriminating critics as well saying this is one of the better crafted local drama series in years. Its ratings hit an all-time high on national TV with a 21 percent on its timeslot (it fades in at around 9:20 p.m. or earlier but not later), according to Kantar Media. Definitely, I will miss this show when the curtains close on its telecast next month. * ** Alex Gonzaga is on a mission: to look for WiFi hunters in public places and give them the new Globe At Home Prepaid WiFi. To celebrate having reached 500,000 subscribers on YouTube, Alex received Globe At Home prepaid WiFi units so she could share fast and reliable Internet with people who need the connection. In her new viral clip, Alex visited a mall to find Internet users who typically use the free WiFi provided. There, she learned that many people don’t have WiFi at home, relying instead on connections in malls and coffee shops. Those with compelling stories were given a Globe At Home Prepaid WiFi for free so they could enjoy fast and reliable Internet that’s 2X faster; has 2X stronger signal and has 2X wider coverage vs. pocket WiFi. Globe At Home Prepaid WiFi is available for P1,999 and comes with 10GB of free data. It also comes with the most affordable HomeSURF promos for longer streaming and surfing for the whole family, even on a budget. With HomeSURF, you can enjoy 1GB of data for only P15 as an add-on to GoSURF50. Loading up the Globe At Home Prepaid WiFi is also a breeze with the Globe At Home App, which lets users conveniently reload, subscribe to promos, and even track their data usage. The app is free and available on both Android and iOS devices. If you’re a WiFi hunter, it’s the perfect time to get the new Globe At Home Prepaid WiFi. To learn more about the device, visit the website at http://

Anne Curtis in the latest Jollibee TVC

broadband.globe.com.ph/ prepaidhome-wifi.html, call the Globe hotline at 730-1010, or visit any Globe Store. *** Kapamilya fans who dream of watching their favorite stars live now have more payment options to choose from as the Kapamilya Tickets online portal (KTX) partners with iPay88 to enable online banking and offline payment transactions. The partnership allows Kapamilya fans who have no credit or debit cards to purchase and pay their tickets through online banking (DragonPay and BancNet) and offline payment via banks and non-banks (BayadCenter, LBC, Robinsons, SM Department store). The new option adds to credit or debit card (VISA/MasterCard) payments accepted by KTX. Launched in May 2017, KTX is ABSCBN’s online ticketing portal that gives Filipinos easy access to ABS-CBN shows and events, as well as a way to get tickets to Kidzania. ABS-CBN, which is transitioning into a digital company, is the first among TV networks in the Philippines to launch its very own online ticketing system. Among the ABS-CBN shows that Filipinos can book through KTX are ASAP, It’s Showtime, Banana Sundae, I Can See Your Voice, Gandang Gabi Vice, and Magandang Buhay. Tickets to Kidzania and special ABSCBN live events can be purchased online via KTX. For more information, visit ktx.abscbn.com. *** Jollibee, the country’s no. 1 fast-food chain—and 2017’s digital engagement leader across quick-service restaurants, adds to its collection of entertaining, imaginative and shareable online videos with its latest Burger Steak ad featuring the multi-faceted, fun-loving Anne Curtis. The previous video, released late last year, gave viewers a glimpse of how a creative team brainstorms for a potentially viral ad, bringing together Anne’s wacky self, local pop-culture references and the 1970’s song hit “Loving You” to humorously promote the product. This fresh new video takes us behind-the-scenes once again with the same creative professionals, who take their brainstorming session to the next level to give justice to the product’s winning recipe. Pitching fun, exciting and award-worthy ideas left and right and bringing to life Queen of Pop Sarah Geronimo’s “Tala” anthem, the team envisions Anne donning a Maria Clara-esque persona, an Amazon Warrior and a Space Adventurer. The team’s outrageously creative process aims to take that leap from a viral video to an award-winning ad, with each scene showing why Jollibee Burger Steak is delicious and well loved.

Nickie Wang, Issue Editor nickie.standard@gmail.com

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

Who really killed VICTOR BUENAVIDEZ?

'Adventure Your Way' host Atom Araullo relaxes on the sand after jumping off a plane in Batayan, Cebu.

The cast of the top-rating evening drama, 'The Good Son.'

AS THE primetime series The Good Son nears its conclusion, that is still the question foremost in the minds of the audience that religiously follow the saga of the Buenavidez family and the Reyes family that got embroiled in the investigation of the murder of Victor Buenavidez (Albert Martinez) at the beginning of the series some six months ago. Last Monday, with other members of the media, we drove to the Tivoli Royale, a gated community east of Manila, where the cast and crew of the series were shooting several scenes. When the director called for “lunch break” Jerome Ponce, McCoy de Leon, Nash Aguas, and Joshua Garcia joined us for a brief chat on what to expect from the show. Though it hasn’t been announced yet, I got wor d that it will run for just four more weeks till its ﬁnale in April. The four boys were joined by their leading ladies or the girls in the series played by Loisa Andali, Elisse Joson, and Alexa Ilacad. The cast said that tomorrow, Friday, the show will give the viewers a hint of who really did Victor Buenavidez in. Is it any of the four guys – Joshua, Jerome, Nash, or McCoy? Or will it point to other possible suspects including the two major female characters played by Eula Valdez and Mylene Dizon? Some are expecting it will fortify the theory of the driver Dado (Jeric Raval) as the real killer. Everyone among the young members of the cast didn’t want to say anything that will spill the beans. Joshua, the perceived “good son” said, “Watch out for my character as I will be less ‘kikimi-kimi’ then. You will like me even more.”

Jerome, the perceived “bad boy” of the series, told me, “You will be in for more surprises. I won’t ISAH V. RED tell you, but I hope you’d watch the show even more.” Joshua and Jerome are pitted against each other in the series, the former being the son out of wedlock (or what is generally known as “bastard’) while Jerome plays the son in Victor’s legal family. While in the show they have contrasting personalities, off screen the two are friends and look at their characters in the show as part of their development as actors. Jerome, in particular, welcomes the role not only as a challenge to him as an actor, but as something that he is able to explore in terms of characterization in movies and on television. McCoy, the other guy and plays Joshua’s half-brother in the series, said he was surprised of the twist his character has gone through and becoming an asshole to his brother and other family members. “I wasn’t expecting it until I go the scripts for the episodes we would tape that my character, Obet, has developed into some kind of an asshole, but I am excited because it gives me the chance to show off whatever acting talent I have.” He said, if another offer of the same character comes in the way, he’d still take it. Loisa and Elisse were very ﬁrm in saying that the roles they play in the series have given them insights of how people behave in certain situations. The former plays the childhood friend of Jerome but in the series she is more drawn towards Joshua after Jerome treated her rather badly after the death of Victor. Continued on C3

Zoren Legaspi signs up with GMA Artist Center ACTOR Zoren Legaspi felt glad and at home after inking an exclusive contract with GMA Artist Center last week. Zoren was overwhelmed with the support that his current management gave him right on the day of his contract signing held at the media network’s building in Quezon City. “I am very grateful. I didn’t know a lot of people are here to welcome me,” said Zoren. Zoren also looked back ten years ago when the network gave him the chance to challenge himself to become a director. “They gave me a chance to be a director, it was a big opportunity back then. I’m very grateful for that opportunity,” he said. Now that he is ofﬁcially a Kapuso, the 46-year-old actor is excited to work on projects that could bring him back to his ﬁrst love, which is action. “The projects that are lined up for me are very interesting and I’m waiting for my opportunity to play a role that really suits me. Although I’m already too old for that dream role, if given a chance I would like to see myself doing some action again. You know I came from doing action movie. That’s what I miss doing the most,” he asserted. Present in the contract signing were Senior Vice President for Entertainment Content Group Lilybeth G. Rasonable, Vice President for Corporate Affairs and Communications Angel Javier Cruz,

Senior Assistant Vice President for Alternative Productions Gigi SantiagoLara, Assistant Vice President for Talent Imaging and Marketing Simoun S. Ferrer, and GMA Artist Center Senior Talent Manager Vic del Rosario.

Zoren Legaspi renews his ties with Kapuso network via an exclusive contract with GMA Artist Center.

ATOM ARAULLO

continues thrilling adventures T

HANKS to the overwhelming response from netizens, AXN has proven that crowdsourcing has become an effective tool in obtaining their share of adventures in its weekly 30-minute travel show, Adventure Your Way.

For the past six episodes, viewers have been treated to fun activities as Atom Araullo took on his #AdventureGoals and embarked on the most exciting adventures on land, at sea, and in the air around the Philippines. From skydiving in Bantayan, Cebu to canyoneering in the waterfalls of Sagada, from ﬂying a plane in Camiguin to diving with manta rays in Masbate, and from surviving a night in the jungle in Subic to rock climbing in Rizal, Atom immersed himself in every adventure and gamely experienced the bucket lists of would-be adventurers. AXN fans are encouraged to send more suggestions on Adventure Your Way’s social media pages on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter using #AdventureGoals, where they can also help Atom decide which road to take by watching out for his

#TakeMeAnywhere posts. In the next episode, Atom’s adventures continue as he is off to explore Saranggani. Find out what’s in store for him by tuning in on Adventure Your Way tonight at 8:00 p.m.. Adventure Your Way is co-presented by Vivo Smart Phone, BDO, and Cherifer Premium; and co-sponsored by Petron, Chevrolet, and Cebu Paciﬁc.

Follow Atom’s latest adventures on Facebook and Instagram (@ adventureyourwayph), and Twitter (@ axnaywph). AXN is available on Cablelink Channel 38, Cignal Channel 121, Destiny Cable Channel 49, G Sat Channel 51, and SKYCable Channel 49. AXN HD is available on SKYCable Channel 247.

BEHIND THE SCENES. In the crowd-sourced travel show, Atom is able to visit

the Blue Soil Hills in Sagada and get his hands on traditional pottery based on the suggestions of netizens.

Lifestyle Network celebrates Women’s Month with ‘We Mean It‘ campaign AS THE world observed International Women’s Day and as we celebrate Women’s History Month, Lifestyle Network salutes all women everywhere with its “We Mean It” campaign. “ The world is drowning in hashtags and slogans that they almost cheapen or devalue valid messages that people want the world to know. For Lifestyle Network’s campaign this year to honor women, we are just asking people to listen to their voices, to the female sounds of truth and integrity, simply because women mean what they say,” explains ABS-CBN Global’s Female Specialty Channels Unit Head Aileen Paredes. To usher in the month, LifestyleNetwork.tv Editor-inChief Shin Kitane wrote a statement highlighting the strength and power of women. “A lot of women’s struggles around the world are tied to the fact that women’s voices are often discredited, mocked, and even silenced. How many times has blame been assigned to countless women who encountered harassment? How many times have women been side-eyed and dismissed

as war-freaks, naggers, or angry feminists in the face of speaking up about an issue?” Kitane shares. Her statement further says, “Our victories regarding certain issues have been hard-fought, and they were not rooted in self-doubt. They were won despite the self-doubt imposed on us

by a ﬂawed society that, over the years, kept telling us ‘You are just a woman. You are not good enough.’ But despite some shadows of doubt that may loom on us–through the numbers on the scale, or the catcalls while walking down the street–we women are stubborn. We don’t back down.”

GIRL POWER. Ambassadors for Lifestyle Network's 'We Mean It campaign'.

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Manila

Standard

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

CAAP 10th ANNIVERSARY

TODAY

Development (GAD) gender-neutral restrooms with a blessing ceremony. On the succeeding days, the aviation regulator is set to continue its celebrations with a clean-up drive, a bloodletting program, a sports fest, and fun run. A fellowship night on March 16 will then cap off the anniversary festivities. As the Philippines’ aviation safety oversight mechanism, CAAP is responsible for providing safe and efficient air transport and regulatory services in the country. Headed by Sydiongco as director general, CAAP is stationed at the Old MIA Road in Pasay City and in 12 area centers around the Philippines and also employs approximately 6000 employees. Manila

Standard Republic of the Philippines

TODAY CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

MESSAGE

My warmest greetings to the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) as it celebrates its 10th Anniversary. In the past decade, CAAP has successfully fulfilled its mandate of ensuring the safety and security of civil aviation in the country. By effectively enforcing compliance with international standards in the airworthiness of aircraft, the fitness of pilots and the reliability of airports and navigation systems, it has made our people embrace air travel as an economical mode of transportation and an efficient channel for trade and commerce.

This is to convey my warmest congratulations to the men and women of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) on your 10th Anniversary-a mark of 10 strong years filled with significant milestones and triumphs over challenges.

May this anniversary also encourage the organization to continue pursuing and upholding excellence in the Philippine aviation sector. The vibrancy of our tourism industry, the vitality of our economy and the mobility of our countrymen greatly depend on our collective efforts to sustain our gains in the field of civil aeronautics. I therefore trust that this milestone will inspire and strengthen CAAP’s resolve to pursue its mandate as well as uphold the welfare and interests of our nation. With your active participation, we will accelerate the momentum of our social and economic development and realize our goal of ushering in positive and meaningful change in the Philippines . I wish you a happy anniversary.

Today, CAAP continues to bring fruitful performance not just for the Department of Transportation, but for the entire country. Your efforts in carrying out reforms, initiatives, and projects on a large scale, one after the other, are worthy of respect and emulation. After merely a year and a half in this administration, I am happy to note that CAAP was able to improve and develop airports allover the country, from facilities to services. Now, under its current supervision and regulation, airports perform better and the entire civil aviation system of the Philippines is safer. One strong example to this is the recent inauguration of the new Communications Navigation Surveillance / Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) system, a satellite-based technology that now makes our country’s air traffic and navigation systems at par with international standards. This is a long-delayed project that needed the kind of political will and commitment exhibited by CAAP’s new leadership. Thank you for making it happen. It is my fervent hope that CAAP carries on with the same zeal and passion in delivering your mandated tasks for years and years to come. The quality of public service you offer our country is proof of this administration’s commitment to bring about positive change to the lives of the Filipino people. Thank you for the job that you do. Thank you for your service to the country. Congratulations on a job well done. Mabuhay kayo!

RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE

MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO.: 04-18

MESSAGE The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines is proud to mark its 10th anniversary, a significant milestone both for the agency and Philippine civil aviation. For the past decade, the CAAP has worked hard in serving its stakeholders and improving its country’s aviation sector. CAAP, in coordination with the Department of Transportation (DOTr) has been engaged in responding to the aviation industry’s global challenges by providing for a holistic approach that will address the development of the Philippine aviation system for the next years, and beyond. To reach our desired growth in fie management and operation of airports, CAAP is steadily processing the night rating of airports to help decongest flights to and from the NAIA and allow for more flight schedules. To become a globally competitive aviation authority, the CAAP is also working in compliance with international standards and has passed the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) of the ICAO Coordinated Validation Mission with an overall result higher than the global average. And just this year, CAAP welcomed inauguration of the new Communications Navigation Surveillance / Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) system, a satellite-based system that will improve air safety and air traffic efficiency in the country. These and more exhibit CAAP’s full support and commitment to the administration’s goals and visions for the transport sector. To my fellow public servants in CAAP, stakeholders, and colleagues, I thank you for your invaluable participation in supporting CAAP’s mission of ensuring a safe, secure, efficient, and economically sustainable aviation industry. May these achievements inspire us to remain relentless and dedicated in serving the Filipino people, in further enhancing the status of our aviation and air transport sector, and in maintaining a standard of excellence to become a global regulatory and safety oversight brand in civil aviation. Magkaisa tayo para sa bayan na mapagsilbihan ang ating sambayanang manlalakbay. Maraming salamat po at mabuhay ang CAAP!

ARTHUR TUGADE Secretary

JIM C. SYDIONGCO Director General

Excellence in the Skies Cusi and Cebu Pacific’s flight safety head, before becoming Cebu Pacific’s vice president for flight operations. As a veteran in the aviation industry, Sydiongco’s experience as pilot serves great importance in his current position as CAAP chief. With his goals of fully automating and digitalizing the services of CAAP, upgrading the standards of flying schools through regulations, and supporting young aviation professionals, Sydiongco is bringing the country’s aviation sector to greater heights.

From bottom left: CAAP Deputy Director-General for Administration MGEN. Ricardo Banayat (Ret.), Undersecretary for Airport and Aviation Capt. Manuel Antonio Tamayo, CAAP. Director General Jim C Sydiongco, and Deputy Director-General for Operations Capt. Donaldo Mendoza with the CAAP Area Managers (top row from left: Antonio Alfonso (Zamboanga), Ronald Estabillo (Laoag), Efren Nagrama (Iloilo), Percy Malonesio (Puerto Princesa), Eduardo Lansang (Plaridel), and Rafael Tatlonghari (Cebu); middle row from left: Jose Budiongan (Laguindingan), Cynthia Tumanut (Legazpi), Evangeline Daba (Butuan), Agnes Udang (Davao), Mary Sulyn Sagorsor (Tuguegarao), and Danilo Abareta (Tacloban)).

By: CAAP Media Communications Office This March 5, 2018, the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) celebrates 10 years of its commitment to ensuring a safe, secure, and green Philippine sky. A decade ago in 2008, Republic Act No. 9497 was enacted into law. And by its virtue, the CAAP was created. Aviation had an early start in the Philippines, and the creation of CAAP in 2008 was not where it all began. Before it became the CAAP that we know today, the office governing Philippine aviation underwent numerous name changes, from the Office of Technical Assistant of Aviation Matters in 1931, it became the Aeronautics Division in 1933. In 1936, the passage of the Civil Aviation Law of the Philippines created the Bureau of Aeronautics. Only a bit more than a decade later in 1947, the Bureau of Aeronautics was renamed Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA). After 32 years, the CAA was placed under the Ministry of Transportation and Communications and was once again renamed as the Bureau of Transportation (BAT). Then in 1987, it was renamed as the Air Transportation Office (ATO) headed by the Assistant Secretary for Air Transportation. And then only two decades later in 2008 the ATO was abolished, creating the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. CAAP now reaps the fruits of its years of hard work, but its journey was not always smooth sailing. CAAP’s creation is the main component of an intensive civil aviation reform program launched by the government. Months before CAAP’s creation in March 2008, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) downgraded the Philippines to “Category 2” rating after finding out several deficiencies to the country’s air transport and aviation sector. Then in 2010, the EU banned airlines from the Philippines from flying to Europe. Determined to get past these turbulent times and prove itself as a competent aviation regulator, CAAP has since worked towards bettering its services and facilities. Its efforts showed to be paying off as just in April 2014, following a successful International Aviation Safety Assessment (IASA), the FAA determined that the Philippines has met the criteria for a “Category 1” rating. And in June 2010, the EU lifted its ban on Philippine commercial flights, allowing all of the country’s airlines to once again fly over Europe’s skies. As it marks its tenth anniversary this 2018, CAAP finds more reasons to celebrate its remarkable accomplishments that continue to bring pride to the country and a brighter future for the aviation industry. Beset by all the pressure from international aviation authorities and other challenges in the industry, CAAP’s present team of leaders spearheaded by Capt. Jim C Sydiongco as Director-General, Capt. Donaldo Mendoza as Deputy Director-General for Operations, MGEN. Ricardo Banayat (Ret.) as Deputy Director-General for Administration, and Undersecretary for Airport and Aviation Capt. Manuel Antonio Tamayo, the CAAP has braved all tests and is continuously streamlining the organization and the entire aviation industry in the country.

En route to excellence in the skies, the CAAP is steadily performing its duties of providing safe and convenient air travel experience. Just last year, Philippine airports’ were named and given recognition for its facilities and service. From a survey conducted by Sleepinginairports. net four Philippine airports, namely the Iloilo International Airport, Mactan-Cebu International Airport, Clark International Airport, and Davao International Airport joined the 2017 list of the top 25 best airports in Asia. While eight airports in the country were awarded with a one-star rating for On-Time Performance (OTP) based on the results of a 2016-2017 survey conducted by the United Kingdombased air travel intelligence company Official Aviation Guide (OAG). On top of the regional airport’s achievements, the country’s main international gateway, the NAIA, is no longer included in the top 20 worst airports in the world, and even in the top 5 worst airports in Asia for 2017 list by travel website The Guide to Sleeping in Airports. In 2017, CAAP became one of the country’s biggest dividend contributor by contributing P5.39 billion to the Treasury. That same year, the CAAP also passed the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) of the ICAO Coordinated Validation Mission with an overall result of 69.68%, higher than the global average. And in May 2017, Puerto Princesa International Airport’s new terminal was opened. The CAAP meanwhile, opened 2018 with a milestone through the inauguration of the Communications Navigation Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management or the CNS/ATM systems which will help minimize flight delays and enhance air traffic safety in the country. With capacity expansion as one of its goals, CAAP has simultaneously commenced with the expansion of Kalibo International Airport in Aklan and embarked in the processing of night rating regional airports which include: the Naga Airport in Naga City, Camarines Sur, Tuguegarao Airport in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Cauayan Airport in Cauayan City, Isabela, Cotabato Airport in Awang, Maguindanao, Pagadian Airport in Pagadian, Zamboanga Del Sur, Ozamiz City Airport (Labo Airport) in Labo, Ozamis, Dipolog Airport in Dipolog, Zamboanga Del Norte, Dumaguete Airport (Dumaguete–Sibulan Airport, Sibulan Airport) in Sibulan, Negros Oriental, and Caticlan Airport (Godofredo P. Ramos Airport, Boracay Airport) in Malay, Aklan.

ALL CONCERNED

FROM

DIRECTOR GENERAL

SUBJECT

AMENDMENT TO PHILIPPINE CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS - AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES(CAR-ANS) PART 6 INCORPORATING AMENDMENT 88B TO ICAO ANNEX 10 VOLUME 1

REFERENCE: 1. Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations- Air Navigation Services Part 6, Issue 3 Amendment No. 4 2. ICAO Annex 10 Volume 1; Amendment 88B 3. CAAP Regulations Amendment Procedures 4. Board Resolution No. 2012-054 dated 28 September 2012 Pursuant to the powers vested in me under the Republic Act 9497, otherwise known as the Civil Aviation Authority Act of 2008 and in accordance with the Board Resolution No.: 2012-054 dated 28 September 2012, I hereby approve the incorporation of ICAO Annex 10 Volume 1Amendment No. 88B to the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations – Air Navigation Services (CAR-ANS) Part 6. ORIGINAL REGULATION SUBJECT FOR REVIEW AND REVISION: CAR-ANS Part 6 ... STANDARDS FOR RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS ... … INTRODUCTION Note 1. In accordance with the ICAO guidance on the use of the text of the annexes in national regulations this appendix reproduces SARPS for Radio Navigation Aids that are of regulatory nature together with signal-in-space specifications essential for intended system operation. Note 2. Throughout this CAR-ANS, original Annex 10 numbering is maintained for traceability purposes, i.e. CAR-ANS requirement 6.2.1.1 corresponds to a standard in paragraph 2.1.1 in Chapter 2 of Annex 10, Volume I. The affixed “6” indicates CAR- ANS Part 6. 6. 1 DEFINITIONS Note 1.— All references to “Radio Regulations” are to the Radio Regulations published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Radio Regulations are amended from time to time by the decisions embodied in the Final Acts of World Radiocommunication Conferences held normally every two to three years. Further information on the ITU processes as they relate to aeronautical radio system frequency use is contained in the Handbook on Radio Frequency Spectrum Requirements for Civil Aviation including statement of approved ICAO policies (Doc 9718). … Note 3.— The terminology used in this CAR-ANS to refer to instrument approach operations is based on a previous version of the Annex 6 classification of instrument approach and landing operations. It can be mapped to the Annex 6 definitions as follows:

...

— END —

AMENDED REGULATION AFTER REVISION: CAR-ANS PART 6: … STANDARDS FOR RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS ... INTRODUCTION Note 1. In accordance with the ICAO guidance on the use of the text of the annexes in national regulations this appendix reproduces SARPS for Radio Navigation Aids that are of regulatory nature together with signal-in-space specifications essential for intended system operation. Note 2. Throughout this CAR-ANS, original Annex 10 numbering is maintained for traceability purposes, i.e. CAR-ANS requirement 6.2.1.1 corresponds to a standard in paragraph 2.1.1 in Chapter 2 of Annex 10, Volume I. The affixed “6” indicates CAR- ANS Part 6. 6. 1 DEFINITIONS Note 1.— All references to “Radio Regulations” are to the Radio Regulations published by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Radio Regulations are amended from time to time by the decisions embodied in the Final Acts of World Radiocommunication Conferences held normally every two to three years. Further information on the ITU processes as they relate to aeronautical radio system frequency use is contained in the Handbook on Radio Frequency Spectrum Requirements for Civil Aviation including statement of approved ICAO policies (Doc 9718). … Note 3.— The terminology used in this Car-ANS to refer to instrument approach operations is based on a previous version of the Annex 6 classification of instrument approach and landing operations. It can be mapped to the Annex 6 definitions as follows:

On top of these airport milestones, The CAAP is also working towards minimizing the negative effects of aviation and air transport in the environment. To this, the CAAP is in the process of improving fuel efficiency by an average annual rate of at least 2% per year, reducing the total aviation CO2 emission by an average of 2% per year until 2020, and enhancing awareness and compliance to the program on carbon footprint reduction in the aviation sector. To promote the green airport concept, all frequently used CAAP airports will now be installed with solar power systems to power up office lightings and small equipment as well as runways lights and lighted cones. With the support of the CNS/ATM program implementation, the CAAP will soon establish the Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) System on all public aerodromes by the year 2020 to reach its goals in improving air traffic management and infrastructure and significantly reduce fuel burn and carbon emissions. Engaging with our neighbors in aviation, the CAAP is now working towards fully adopting the Beijing Declaration’s visions in aviation safety, air navigation services, accident investigation, and human resource development that was discussed at the first Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference on Civil Aviation last January 31 to February 1.

Director-General Sydiongco and his team have made a significant progress in setting new benchmarks for performance and safety advancements in the future of the country’s aviation industry.

In the next few months, projects such as the Opening of Bicol International Airport in 2022, the completion and commercial operations of New Bohol Airport’s (Panglao International Airport) by August 2018, Tacloban City’s Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport’s terminal extension opening by the end of 2018, and the inaugural flight of Cagayan North International Airport in Lal-lo, Cagayan are just some of what the country can look forward to in terms of improvements in the country’s airports.

But before becoming the head of the country’s aviation regulator, Director-General Sydiongco flew all over the world as a former commercial pilot for Philippine Airlines and Taiwan’s Eva Air. Upon retirement, he then used his flying experiences as safety consultant of then Manila International Airport (MIA) General Manager Alfonso

In line with these achievements, the CAAP will commemorate its ten years with a two weeks-long celebration joined by its employees, stakeholders, and friends. With the theme, “Ten Years of Excellence in the Philippine Skies,” the agency is set to kick-off celebrations with a thanksgiving mass on March 5 and launch its Gender Awareness

... i.

— END— Separability Clause. - If, for any reason, any provision of this Memorandum Circular is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the other part or parts thereof which are not affected thereby shall continue to be in full force and effect.

ii. Repealing Clause. - All orders, rules, regulations and issuances, or parts thereof which are inconsistent with this Memorandum Circular are hereby repealed, superseded or modified accordingly. iii. Determination of changes. – To highlight the amendments and/or revisions in the Memorandum Circular, the deleted text shall be shown with strikethrough and the new inserted text shall be highlighted with grey shading, as illustrated below: 1. Text deleted: Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it. 2. New text inserted: New text is highlighted with grey shading. 3. New text replacing existing text: Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it followed by the replacement text which is highlighted with grey shading. iv. Effectivity Clause. - This Memorandum Circular shall take effect fifteen (15) days after publication in a requisite single newspaper of general circulation or the Official Gazette and a copy filed with the U.P. Law Center - Office of the National Administrative Register. So Ordered. Signed this 22 day of January 2018, at the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, MIA Road, Pasay City, Metro Manila, 1301.

CAPTAIN JIM SYDIONGCO

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK

Standard D2 THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018 Manila

TODAY

Republic of the Philippines CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

3.5.7.1.46 Almanac data. Each SBAS satellite shall broadcast almanac data for SBAS satellites(defined in 3.5.4.3) for all SBAS satellites of the same service provider. with error less than 150 km (81NM) of the true satellite position. Unused almanac slots in Type 17 messages shall be coded with a PRNcode number of “0”. The health and status shall indicate satellite status and the service provider as defined in 3.5.4.3. 3.5.7.1.6.1 The error in the estimated position of the satellite derived from any Type 17 message broadcast within the previous 15 minutes, with respect to the true satellite position, shall not exceed 3,000 km.

MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO.: 05-18 TO

ALL CONCERNED

FROM

DIRECTOR GENERAL

SUBJECT

AMENDMENT TO PHILIPPINE CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS - AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES(CAR-ANS) PART 6 INCORPORATING AMENDMENT 89 TO ICAO ANNEX 10 VOLUME 1

REFERENCE:

3.5.7.1.6.2 The separation distance between the estimated position of the satellite derived from any Type 17 message broadcast within the previous 15 minutes and the position of the satellite derived from the GEO ranging parameters in any Type 9 message that has not timed out shall not exceed 200 km. 3.5.7.1.6.3 The error in the Doppler shift of a GEO satellite derived from any Type 17 message broadcast within the previous 15 minutes, with respect to the true GEO Doppler shift seen at any fixed location within the GEO footprint, shall not exceed ±210 Hz.

Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations- Air Navigation Services Part 6, Issue 3 Amendment No. 5 ICAO Annex 10 Volume 1; Amendment 89 CAAP Regulations Amendment Procedures Board Resolution No. 2012-054 dated 28 September 2012

3.5.7.1.6.5 Where the estimated position of a GEO satellite providing a ranging function, derived from the Type 17 message broadcast within the previous 15 minutes, is within 200 km of the position of another GEO satellite of the same service provider, derived from a Type 9 message for this GEO that has not timed out, the GEO UDRE value shall be set sufficiently large to account for the possibility that a user could misidentify the PRN of the GEO providing the ranging function.

ORIGINAL REGULATION SUBJECT FOR REVIEW AND REVISION: CAR-ANS Part 6 … 6. SPECIFICATIONS FOR RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS

3.5.7.1.6.6 The health and status parameter shall indicate the satellite status and the service provider identifier, as defined in 3.5.4.3.

1. 2. 3. 4.

... 6.3.7 Requirements for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) … 6.3.7.3.1 GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS) (L1) 6.3.7.3.1.1 Space and control segment accuracy

3.5.7.1.6.8 The service provider shall ensure the correctness of the service provider ID broadcast in any almanac. …

Note.— The following accuracy standards do not include atmospheric or receiver errors as described in Attachment 6D, 4.1.2. They apply under the conditions specified in Appendix 6B, 6.3.1.3.1.1. 6.3.7.3.1.1.1 Positioning accuracy. The GPS SPS position errors shall not exceed the following limits: Global average 95% of the time

3.5.7.1.6.7 Unused almanac slots in Type 17 messages shall be coded with a PRN code number of “0”.

Worst site 95% of the time

Data type … GEO ranging function data …

Maximum broadcast interval

Ranging

120 s

GNSS satellite status

Basic differential correction

Precise differential correction

Associated message types

Notes.— 1. “R” indicates that the data must be broadcast to support the function. …

6.3.7.3.1.1.2 Time transfer accuracy. The GPS SPS time transfer errors shall not exceed 40 nanoseconds 95 per cent of the time.

3.5.7.3 GNSS satellite status function. If an SBAS provides a satellite status function, it shall also comply with the requirements contained in this section.

6.3.7.3.1.1.3 Range domain accuracy. The range domain error shall not exceed the following limits:

Note — An SBAS may be able to provide integrity on some GPS satellites that are designated either marginal or unhealthy. … 3.5.8.1 SBAS-capable GNSS receiver. Except as specifically noted, the SBAS-capable GNSS receiver shall process the signals of the SBAS and meet the requirements specified in 3.1.3.1 (GPS receiver) and/or 3.2.3.1 (GLONASS receiver). Pseudo-range measurements for each satellite shall be smoothed using carrier measurements and a smoothing filter which deviates less than 0.1 metre within 200 seconds after initialization, relative to the steady-state response of the filter defined in 3.6.5.1 in the presence of drift between the code phase and integrated carrier phase of up to 0.01 metre per second.

b) 95th percentile range rate error of any satellite — 0.02 0.006 m (0.07 0.02ft) per second (global average); c) 95th percentile range acceleration error of any satellite — 0.007 0.002 m (0.02 0.006ft) per second-squared (global average); and d) root-mean-square95th percentile range error over all for any satellites over all time differencesbetween time of data generation and time of use of data— 6 m (20 ft)7.8 m (26 ft) (global average). 6.3.7.3.1.2 Availability. The GPS SPS availability shall be as follows: ≥99 per cent horizontal service availability, average location (3617 m 95 per cent threshold) ≥99 per cent vertical service availability, average location (7737 m 95 per cent threshold) ≥90 per cent horizontal service availability, worst-case location (3617 m 95 per cent threshold) ≥90 per cent vertical service availability, worst-case location (7737 m 95 per cent threshold) 6.3.7.3.1.3 Reliability. The GPS SPS reliability shall be within the following limits: a) frequency of a major service failure — not more than three per year for the constellation (global average); ba) reliability — at least 99.94 per cent (global average); and b) reliability — at least 99.79 per cent (worst single point average). 6.3.7.3.1.4 Probability of major service failure. The probability that the user range error (URE) of any satellite will exceed 4.42 times the upper bound on the user range accuracy (URA) broadcast by that satellite without an alert received at the user receiver antenna within 10 seconds shall not exceed 1×10-5 per hour. Note.— The different alert indications are described in U.S. Department of Defense, “Global Positioning System – Standard Positioning Service – Performance Standard”, 4th Edition, September 2008, Section 2.3.4. 6.3.7.3.1.5 Continuity. The probability of losing GPS SPS signal-in-space (SIS) availability from a slot of the nominal 24-slot constellation due to unscheduled interruption shall not exceed 2×10-4 per hour. 6.3.7.3.1.46Coverage.The GPS SPS shall cover the surface of the earth up to an altitude of 3 000 kilometres. Note.— Guidance material on GPS accuracy, availability, reliability and coverage is given in Attachment 6D, 4.1. Renumber paragraphs 6.3.7.3.1.5 – 6.3.7.3.1.8 6.3.7.3.1.5.7 Radio frequency (RF) characteristics Note.— Detailed RF characteristics are specified in Appendix 6B, 3.1.1.1. 6.3.7.3.1.5.7.1 Carrier frequency. Each GPS satellite shall broadcast an SPS signal at the carrier frequency of 1 575.42 MHz (GPS L1) using code division multiple access (CDMA).

Runway number: the runway orientation, point in space final approach course, or SBAS circling only procedure course rounded to the nearest 10 degrees and truncated to two characters. Coding: 01 to 36 = runway number Note.— For heliport operations, the runway number value is the integer nearest to one tenth of the final approach course, except when that integer is zero, in which case the runway number is 36. Runway letter: the one-letter designator used, as necessary, to differentiate between parallel runways. Coding: 0 = no letter 1 = R (right) 2 = C (centre) 3 = L (left) Approach performance designator: this field is not used by SBAS. Table B-57A. Final approach segment (FAS) data block Data content Operation type SBAS provider ID Airport ID Runway number Runway letter Approach performance designator Route indicator Reference path data selector Reference path identifier LTP/FTP latitude LTP/FTP longitude LTP/FTP height ΔFPAP latitude ΔFPAP longitude Approach TCH (Note 1)

Bits used 4 4 32 6 2 3 5 8 32 32 32 16 24 24 15

Table B-54. Data broadcast intervals and supported functions

Horizontal position error 13 9 m (4330 ft) 3617 m (11856 ft) Vertical position error 2215 m (7249 ft) 7737 m (253121 ft)

a) range error of any satellite — the larger of: 30 m (100 ft) with reliability specified in 3.7.3.1.3; — 30 m (100 ft); or — 4.42 times the broadcast user range accuracy (URA), not to exceed 150 m (490 ft);

Coding: Each character is coded using the lower 6 bits of its IA-5 representation. For each character, b1 is transmitted first, and 2 zero bits are appended after b6, so that 8 bits are transmitted for each character. Only upper case letters, numeric digits and IA-5 “space” are used. The rightmost character is transmitted first. For a three-character airport ID, the rightmost (first transmitted) character shall be IA-5 “space”.

3.5.8.1.1 GEO satellite acquisition. The receiver shall be able to acquire and track GEO satellites for which a stationary receiver at the user receiver location would experience a Doppler shift as large as ±450 Hz. 3.5.8.1.12Conditions for use of data. The receiver shall use data from an SBAS message only if the CRC of this message has been verified. Reception of a Type 0 message from an SBAS satellite shall result in deselection of that satellite and all data from that satellite shall be discarded for at least 1 minute. For GPS satellites, the receiver shall apply longterm corrections only if the IOD matches both the IODE and 8 least significant bits of the IODC. For GLONASS satellites, the receiver shall apply long-term corrections only if the time of reception (tr) of the GLONASS ephemeris is inside the following IOD validity interval, as defined in 3.5.4.4.1: tLT – L – V ≤ tr ≤ tLT – L

Approach TCH units selector GPA Course width ΔLength offset Horizontal alert limit (HAL) Vertical alert limit (VAL) (Note 2) Final approach segment CRC

1 16 8 8 8 8 32

Range of values 0 to 15 0 to 15 — 01 to 36 — 0 to 7 — 0 to 48 — ±90.0° ±180.0° –512.0 to 6 041.5 m ±1.0° ±1.0° 0 to 1 638.35 m or 0 to 3 276.7 ft — 0 to 90.0° 80 to 143.75 m 0 to 2 032 m 0 to 51.0 m 0 to 51.0 m

Resolution 1 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — 0.0005 arcsec 0.0005 arcsec 0.1 m 0.0005 arcsec 0.0005 arcsec 0.05 m or 0.1 ft — 0.01° 0.25 m 8m 0.2 m 0.2 m —

Note 1.— For SBAS satellites, there is no mechanism that links GEO ranging function data (Type 9 message) and long-term corrections.

Note.— The LTP/FTP is a point over which the FAS path passes at a height above the LTP/FTP height specified by the TCH.

Note 2.— This requirement does not imply that the receiver has to stop tracking the SBAS satellite.

LTP/FTP latitude: the latitude of the LTP/FTP point in arc seconds.

3.5.8.1.2.1 SBAS satellite identification. Upon acquisition or re-acquisition of an SBAS satellite, the receiver shall not use SBAS satellite data unless the calculated separation between the satellite position derived from its GEO ranging function parameters and the satellite position derived from the almanac message most recently received from the same service provider within the last 15 minutes is less than 200 km.

Coding: positive value denotes north latitude. negative value denotes south latitude. LTP/FTP longitude: the longitude of the LTP/FTP point in arc seconds.

Note. — This check ensures that a receiver will not mistake one SBAS satellite for another due to cross-correlation during acquisition or re-acquisition.

Coding: positive value denotes east longitude. negative value denotes west longitude. LTP/FTP height: the height of the LTP/FTP above the WGS-84 ellipsoid.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.2 The receiver shall use integrity or correction data only if the IODP associated with that data matches the IODP associated with the PRN mask.

Coding: This field is coded as an unsigned fixed-point number with an offset of –512 metres. A value of zero in this field places the LTP/FTP 512 metres below the earth ellipsoid.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.3 The receiver shall use SBAS-provided ionospheric data (IGP vertical delay estimate and GIVEIi) only if the IODIk associated with that data in a Type 26 message matches the IODIk associated with the relevant IGP band mask transmitted in a Type 18 message.

Note.— The FPAP is a point at the same height as the LTP/FTP that is used to define the alignment of the approach. The origin of angular deviations in the lateral direction is defined to be 305 metres (1 000 ft) beyond the FPAP along the lateral FAS path. For an approach aligned with the runway, the FPAP is at or beyond the stop end of the runway.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.4 The receiver shall use the most recently received integrity data for which the IODFj equals 3 or the IODFj matches the IODFj associated with the fast correction data being applied (if corrections are provided).

ΔFPAP latitude: the difference of latitude of the runway FPAP from the LTP/FTP in arc seconds.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.5 The receiver shall apply any regional degradation to the σ2i, ,UDRE as defined by a Type 27 service message. If a Type 27 message with a new IODS indicates a higher δUDRE for the user location, the higher δUDRE shall be applied immediately. A lower δUDRE in a new Type 27 message shall not be applied until the complete set of messages with the new IODS has been received.

Coding: Positive value denotes the FPAP latitude north of LTP/FTP latitude. Negative value denotes the FPAP latitude south of the LTP/FTP latitude.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.6 The receiver shall apply satellite-specific degradation to the σi,UDRE 2 as defined by a Type 28 clockephemeris covariance matrix message. The δUDRE derived from a Type 28 message shall be applied immediately.

Coding: Positive value indicates the FPAP longitude east of LTP/FTP longitude. Negative value indicates the FPAP longitude west of LTP/FTP longitude.

ΔFPAP longitude: the difference of longitude of the runway FPAP from the LTP/FTP in arc seconds.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.7 In the event of a loss of four successive SBAS messages, the receiver shall no longer support SBAS-based precision approach or APV operations.

Approach TCH: the height of the FAS path above the LTP/FTP defined in either feet or metres as indicated by the TCH units selector. Approach TCH units selector: the units used to describe the TCH.

Note.— A new civil frequency will be added to the GPS satellites and will be offered by the United States for critical safety-of-life applications. SARPs for this signal may be developed at a later date.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.8 The receiver shall not use a broadcast data parameter after it has timed out as defined in Table B-56.

Coding: 0 = feet 1 = metres

6.3.7.3.1.5.7.2 Signal spectrum. The GPS SPS signal power shall be contained within a ±12 MHz band (1 563.42 –1 587.42 MHz) centred on the L1 frequency.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.9 The receiver shall not use a fast correction if Δt for the associated RRC exceeds the time-out interval for fast corrections, or if the age of the RRC exceeds 8Δt.

Glide path angle (GPA): the angle of the FAS path with respect to the horizontal plane tangent to the WGS-84 ellipsoid at the LTP/FTP.

6.3.7.3.1.5.7.3 Polarization. The transmitted RF signal shall be right-hand (clockwise) circularly polarized.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.10The calculation of the RRC shall be reinitialized if a “Do Not Use” or “Not Monitored” indication is received for that satellite.

Course width: the lateral displacement from the path defined by the FAS at the LTP/FTP at which fullscale deflection of a course deviation indicator is attained.

6.3.7.3.1.5.7.4 Signal power level. Each GPS satellite shall broadcast SPS navigation signals with sufficient power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the output of a 3 dBi linearly-polarized antenna is within the range of –160 dBW to –153 dBW for all antenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.11 For SBAS-based precision approach or APV operations, the receiver shall only use satellites with elevation angles at or above 5 degrees.

Coding: This field is coded as an unsigned fixed-point number with an offset of 80 metres. A value of zero in this field indicates a course width of 80 metres at the LTP/FTP.

3.5.8.1.1.1.2.12The receiver shall no longer support SBAS-based precision approach or APV operation using a particular satellite if the UDREIi received is greater than or equal to 12. … 3.5.8.2.4 Almanac data

ΔLength offset: the distance from the stop end of the runway to the FPAP.

6.37.3.1.5.7.5 Modulation. The SPS L1 signal shall be bipolar phase shift key (BPSK) modulated with a pseudo random noise (PRN) 1.023 MHz coarse/acquisition (C/A) code. The C/A code sequence shall be repeated each millisecond. The transmitted PRN code sequence shall be the Modulo-2 addition of a 50 bits per second navigation message and the C/A code. 6.3.7.3.1.6.8 GPS time. GPS time shall be referenced to UTC (as maintained by the U.S. Naval Observatory). 6.3.7.3.1.7.9 Coordinate system. The GPS coordinate system shall be WGS-84. 6.3.7.3.1.8.10 Navigation information. The navigation data transmitted by the satellites shall include the necessary information to determine: … APPENDIX 6B. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FORTHE GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) … 3.1.3.1 GNSS (GPS) RECEIVER 3.1.3.1.1 Satellite exclusion. The receiver shall exclude any satellite designatedmarginal or unhealthy satellite by the GPS satellite ephemeris health flag. Note.— Conditions indicating that a satellite is “healthy”, “marginal” or “unhealthy” can be found in U.S. Department of Defense, “Global Positioning System – Standard Positioning Service – Performance Standard”, 4th Edition, September 2008, Section 2.3.2. … 3.5.7.1 GENERAL … 3.5.7.1.3 “Do Not Use”. SBAS shall broadcast a “Do Not Use” message (Type 0 message) when necessary to inform users not to use the SBAS satellite ranging function and its broadcast data.

3.5.8.2.4.1The almanac data provided by the SBAS shall be used for acquisition. Note.—Health and status information is provided in the GEO almanac data to support acquisition,but need not be used as a condition for use of that satellite does not override or invalidate data provided in other SBAS messages. The use of bits 0 to 2 by airborne equipment is optional; there are no requirements covering their usage. 3.5.8.3 GNSS satellite status function. The receiver shall exclude satellites from the position solution if they are identified as “Do Not Use” by SBAS. If SBAS-provided integrity is used, the receivershall not be required to exclude GPS satellites based on the GPSprovided ephemeris health flag as required in 3.1.3.1.1 or to exclude GLONASS satellites based on GLONASS-provided ephemeris health flag as required in 3.2.3.1.1. Note 1.— In the case of a satellite designated marginal or unhealthy by the core satellite constellation(s) health flag, SBAS may be able to broadcast ephemeris and clock corrections that will allow the user to continue using the satellite. … 3.5.8.4.2 Precision approach and APV operations … 3.5.8.4.2.5 The parameters that define the approach path for a single precision approach or APV shall be contained in the FAS data block. Note 1.— The FAS path is a line in space defined by the landing threshold point/fictitious threshold point (LTP/FTP), flight path alignment point (FPAP), threshold crossing height (TCH) and glide path angle (GPA). The local level plane for the approach is a plane perpendicular to the local vertical passing through the LTP/FTP (i.e. tangent to the ellipsoid at the LTP/FTP). Local vertical for the approach is normal to the WGS-84 ellipsoid at the LTP/FTP. The glide path intercept point (GPIP) is where the final approach path intercepts the local level plane.

3.5.7.1.4 The Doppler shift in the GEO satellite signal seen at any fixed location within the GEO footprint for any GEO shall not exceed ±450 Hz.

Note 2.— For SBAS, FAS data blocks are stored in airborne databases. The format of the data for validation of a cyclic redundancy check is shown in Attachment 6D, 6.6. It differs from the GBAS FAS data block in 3.6.4.5. …

Note .— This maximum Doppler shift corresponds approximately to the maximum GEO satellite orbit inclination that can be supported by the coding ranges for Type 9 and Type 17 messages.

3.5.8.4.2.5.1 FAS data block parameters shall be as follows (see Table B-57A):

3.5.7.1.5 SBAS should broadcast almanac data for all SBAS satellites,regardless of the service provider.

Coding: 0 = straight-in approach procedure

3.5.7.1.5 Geostationary orbit (GEO) ranging function parameters. Each SBAS satellite shallbroadcast geostationary orbit (GEO) ranging function parameters (defined in 3.5.4.2). Note — It is necessary to broadcast geostationary orbit ranging function parameters even when a ranging function is not provided, so that airborne receivers may implement a positive identification of the broadcasting SBAS satellite. When ranging is not provided, the accuracy of the Type 17 data (and Type 9 data) only needs to support the acquisition of the satellite. 3.5.7.1.5.1 The error in the Doppler shift of a GEO satellite derived from any Type 9 message thathas not timed out, with respect to the true GEO Doppler shift seen at any fixed location within the GEOfootprint, shall not exceed ±210 Hz.

Operation type: straight-in approach procedure or other operation types.

1 to 15 = spare SBAS service provider ID: indicates the service provider associated with this FAS data block.

Coding: 1111 1111 = not provided HAL: Horizontal alert limit to be used during the approach in meters. VAL: Vertical alert limit to be used during the approach in meters. Final approach segment CRC: the 32-bit CRC appended to the end of each FAS data block in order to ensure approach data integrity. The 32-bit final approach segment CRC shall be calculated in accordance with 3.9. The length of the CRC code shall be k = 32 bits. The CRC generator polynomial shall be: G(x) = x32 + x31 + x24 + x22 + x16 + x14 + x8 + x7 + x5 + x3 + x + 1 The CRC information field, M(x), shall be:

M(x) shall be formed from all bits of the associated FAS data block, excluding the CRC. Bits shall be arranged in the order transmitted, such that m1 corresponds to the LSB of the operation type field, and m288 corresponds to the MSB of the Vertical Alert Limit (VAL) field. The CRC shall be ordered such that r1 is the LSB and r32 is the MSB. 3.5.8.4.2.5.2 For precision approach and APV operations, the service provider ID broadcast Type 17 message shall be identical to the service provider ID in the FAS data block, except if ID equals 15 in the FAS data block. Note.—For SBAS, FAS data blocks are stored in airborne databases. The format of the data for validation of a cyclic redundancy check is shown in Attachment D, 6.6. It differs from the GBAS FAS data block in 3.6.4.5 in that it contains the SBAS HAL and VAL for the particular approach procedure. For approaches conducted using SBAS pseudo-range corrections, the service provider ID in the FAS data block is the same as the service provider ID broadcast as part of the health and status information in Type 17 message. If the service provider ID in the FAS data block equals 15, then any service provider can be used. If the service provider ID in the FAS data block equals 14, then SBAS precise differential corrections cannot be used for the approach. 3.5.8.4.2.5.3 SBAS FAS data points accuracy. The survey error of all the FAS data points, relative to WGS-84, shall be less than 0.25 metres vertical and 1 metre horizontal. … 3.6.4.5.1 FAS data block … The CRC information field, M(x), shall be:

Coding: See Table B-27. 14 = FAS data block is to be used with GBAS only. 15 = FAS data block can be used with any SBAS service provider. Airport ID: the three- or four-letter designator used to designate an airport.

… 3.6.7.2.4 Final approach segment data

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3.6.7.2.4.1 FAS data points accuracy. The relative survey error between the FAS data points and the GBAS reference point shall be less than 0.25 metres vertical and 0.40 metres horizontal. 3.6.7.2.4.2 SBAS FAS data points accuracy. For use with SBAS, the survey error of all the FASdata points, relative to WGS-84, shall be less than 0.25 metres vertical and 1 metre horizontal.

Note 1.— Information can be provided in either feet or metres as indicated by the approach TCH unit sector. Note 2.— VAL of 0 indicates that the vertical deviations are not to be used (i.e. a lateral guidance only approach).

3.6.7.2.4.3.2 The final approach segment CRC shall be assigned at the timeof procedure design, and kept as an integral part of the FAS data block from that time onward. 3.6.7.2.4.4.3 The GBAS shall allow the capability to set the FASVAL and FASLAL for any FAS data block to “1111 1111” to limit the approach to lateral only or to indicate that the approach must not be used, respectively

6.3.7.3.1.3 Reliability. The GPS SPS reliability shall be within the following limits: a) reliability — at least 99.94 per cent (global average); and b) reliability — at least 99.79 per cent (worst single point average). 6.3.7.3.1.4 Probability of major service failure. The probability that the user range error (URE) of any satellite will exceed 4.42 times the upper bound on the user range accuracy (URA) broadcast by that satellite without an alert received at the user receiver antenna within 10 seconds shall not exceed 1×10-5 per hour. Note.— The different alert indications are described in U.S. Department of Defense, “Global Positioning System – Standard Positioning Service – Performance Standard”, 4th Edition, September 2008, Section 2.3.4.

ATTACHMENT 6D INFORMATION AND MATERIAL FOR GUIDANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF THE GNSS STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES …

6.3.7.3.1.5 Continuity. The probability of losing GPS SPS signal-in-space (SIS) availability from a slot of the nominal 24-slot constellation due to unscheduled interruption shall not exceed 2×10-4 per hour.

3. Navigation system performance requirements … 3.4 Continuity of service …

6.3.7.3.1.6 Coverage. The GPS SPS shall cover the surface of the earth up to an altitude of 3 000 kilometres. Note.— Guidance material on GPS accuracy, availability, reliability and coverage is given in Attachment 6D, 4.1.

3.4.3.4 For those areas where the system design does not meet the average continuity riskspecified in the SARPs, it is still possible to publish procedures. However, specific operationalmitigations should be put in place to cope with the reduced continuity expected. For example, flightplanning may not be authorized based solely on a GNSS navigation means with such a high averagecontinuity risk. … 4. GNSS core elements

6.3.7.3.1.7 Radio frequency (RF) characteristics Note.— Detailed RF characteristics are specified in Appendix 6B, 3.1.1.1. 6.3.7.3.1.7.1 Carrier frequency. Each GPS satellite shall broadcast an SPS signal at the carrier frequency of 1 575.42 MHz (GPS L1) using code division multiple access (CDMA).

4.1 GPS

Note.— Additional information concerning GPS can be found in the Global Positioning SystemStandard Positioning Service — Performance Standard, October 2001September 2008, and InterfaceControl DocumentSpecification (ICDS)-GPS200CE.

6.3.7.3.1.7.2 Signal spectrum. The GPS SPS signal power shall be contained within a ±12 MHz band (1 563.42 –1 587.42 MHz) centred on the L1 frequency.

4.1.1 The performance standard is based upon the assumption that a representative standardpositioning service (SPS) receiver is used. A representative receiver has the following characteristics:

6.3.7.3.1.7.3 Polarization. The transmitted RF signal shall be right-hand (clockwise) circularly polarized.

a) designed in accordance with ICDIS-GPS-200CE;

6.3.7.3.1.7.4 Signal power level. Each GPS satellite shall broadcast SPS navigation signals with sufficient power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the output of a 3 dBi linearly-polarized antenna is within the range of –160 dBW to –153 dBW for all antenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation.

b) uses a 5-degree masking angle; c) accomplishes satellite position and geometric range computations in the most current realization of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) Earth-Centred, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system;

6.3.7.3.1.7.5 Modulation. The SPS L1 signal shall be bipolar phase shift key (BPSK) modulated with a pseudo random noise (PRN) 1.023 MHz coarse/acquisition (C/A) code. The C/A code sequence shall be repeated each millisecond. The transmitted PRN code sequence shall be the Modulo-2 addition of a 50 bits per second navigation message and the C/A code.

d) generates a position and time solution from data broadcast by all satellites in view; e) compensates for dynamic Doppler shift effects on nominal SPS ranging signal carrier phase and C/A code measurements; f) excludes GPSmarginal and unhealthy satellites from the position solution;

6.3.7.3.1.8 GPS time. GPS time shall be referenced to UTC (as maintained by the U.S. Naval Observatory).

g) uses up-to-date and internally consistent ephemeris and clock data for all satellites it is using in its position solution; and

6.3.7.3.1.9 Coordinate system. The GPS coordinate system shall be WGS-84. 6.3.7.3.1.10 Navigation information. The navigation data transmitted by the satellites shall include the necessary information to determine: … APPENDIX 6B. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FORTHE GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) …

h) loses track in the event that a GPS satellite stops transmitting a trackable signal. The time transfer accuracy applies to a stationary receiver operating at a surveyed location the data in thebroadcast navigation message, which relates GPS SPS time to UTC as maintained by the United StatesNaval Observatory. A 12-channel receiver will meet performance requirements specified in Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.1.1.1 and 6.3.7.3.1.2. A receiver that is able to track four satellites only (Appendix 6B, 3.1.3.1.2) will not get the full accuracy and availability performance.

3.1.3.1 GNSS (GPS) RECEIVER 3.1.3.1.1 Satellite exclusion. The receiver shall exclude any marginal or unhealthy satellite.

Note.—Conditions indicating that a satellite is “healthy”, “marginal” or “unhealthy” can be found in U.S. Department of Defense, “Global Positioning System – Standard Positioning Service – Performance Standard”, 4th Edition, September 2008, Section 2.3.2. 4.1.2 Position domain Aaccuracy. The position domain accuracy is measured with a representative receiver and a measurement interval of 24 hours for any point within the coverage area. The positioning and timing accuracy are for the signal-in-space (SIS) only and do not include such error sources as: ionosphere, troposphere, interference, receiver noise or multipath. The accuracy is derived based on the worst two of 24 satellites being removed from the constellation and a 6-metre constellation RMS SIS user range error (URE).

4.1.3 Range domain accuracy. The range domain accuracy standard applies to normal operations, which implies that updated navigation data is uplinked to the satellites on regular basis. Range domain accuracy is conditioned by the satellite indicating a healthy status and transmitting C/A code and does not account for satellite failures outside of the normal operating characteristics. Range domain accuracy limits can be exceeded during satellite failures or anomalies while uploading data to the satellite. Exceedance of the range error limit constitutes a major service failure as described in 4.1.6. The range rate error limit is the maximum for any satellite measured over any 3-second interval for any point within the coverage area. The range acceleration error limit is the maximum for any satellite measured over any 3-second interval for any point within the coverage area. The root-mean-square range error accuracy is the average of the RMS URE of all satellites over any 24-hour interval for any point within the coverage area. Under nominal conditions, all satellites are maintained to the same standards, so it is appropriate for availability modelling purposes to assume that all satellites have a 64-metre RMS SIS user range error (URE). The standards are restricted to range domain errors allocated to space and control segments. 4.1.4 Availability. The availability standard applies to normal operations, which implies thatupdated navigation data is uplinked to the satellites on regular basis.Availability is the percentage of time over any 24-hour interval that the predicted 95 per cent positioning error (due to space and control segment errors) is less than its threshold, for any point within the coverage area. It is based on a 3617- metre horizontal 95 per cent threshold; a 7737-metre vertical 95 per cent threshold; using a representative receiver; and operating within the coverage area over any 24-hour interval. The service availability assumes the worst combination of two satellites out of servicea constellation that meets the criteria in 4.1.4.2. 4.1.4.1 Relationship to augmentation availability. The availability of ABAS, GBAS and SBAS does not directly relate to the GPS availability defined in Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.1.2. States and operators must evaluate the availability of the augmented system by comparing the augmented performance to the requirements. Availability analysis is based on an assumed satellite constellation and the probability of having a given number of satellites. 4.1.4.2 Satellite/constellation availability.Twenty-four operational satellites are available will be maintained on orbit with 0.95 probability (averaged over any day), where a satellite is defined to be operational if it is capable of, but is not necessarily transmitting, a usable ranging signal. At least 21 satellites in the 24 nominal 24 plane/slot positions must be set healthy and must be transmitting a navigation signal with 0.98 probability (yearly averagednormalized annually). At least 20 satellites in the nominal 24 slot positions must be set healthy and must be transmitting a navigation signal with 0.99999 probability (normalized annually). 4.1.5 Reliability. Reliability is the percentage of time over a specified time interval that the instantaneous SPS SIS URE is maintained within the range error limit, at any given point within the coverage area, for all healthy GPS satellites. The reliability standard is based on a measurement interval of one year and the average of daily values within the coverage area. The worst single point average reliability assumes that the total service failure time of 18 hours will be over that particular point (3 failures each lasting 6 hours).

3.5.7.1.4 The Doppler shift in the GEO satellite signal seen at any fixed location within the GEO footprint for any GEO shall not exceed ±450 Hz. Note .— This maximum Doppler shift corresponds approximately to the maximum GEO satelliteorbit inclination that can be supported by the coding ranges for Type 9 and Type 17 messages. 3.5.7.1.5 Geostationary orbit (GEO) ranging function parameters. Each SBAS satellite shall broadcast geostationary orbit (GEO) ranging function parameters (defined in 3.5.4.2). Note — It is necessary to broadcast geostationary orbit ranging function parameters even when aranging function is not provided, so that airborne receivers may implement a positive identification of thebroadcasting SBAS satellite. When ranging is not provided, the accuracy of the Type 17 data (and Type 9data) only needs to support the acquisition of the satellite.

Notes.

3.5.7.1.5.1 The error in the Doppler shift of a GEO satellite derived from any Type 9 message that has not timed out, with respect to the true GEO Doppler shift seen at any fixed location within the GEO footprint, shall not exceed ±210 Hz.

1. The rightmost bit is the LSB of the binary parameter value and is the first bit transmitted to the CRC calculator.

3.5.7.1.6 Almanac data. Each SBAS satellite shall broadcast almanac data (defined in 3.5.4.3) for all SBAS satellites of the same service provider.

2. The two most significant bits of each byte are set to 0 (see bold characters).

3.5.7.1.6.1 The error in the estimated position of the satellite derived from any Type 17 message broadcast within the previous 15 minutes, with respect to the true satellite position, shall not exceed3,000 km. 3.5.7.1.6.2 The separation distance between the estimated position of the satellite derived from any Type 17 message broadcast within the previous 15 minutes and the position of the satellite derived from the GEO ranging parameters in any Type 9 message that has not timed out shall not exceed 200 km. 3.5.7.1.6.3 The error in the Doppler shift of a GEO satellite derived from any Type 17 message broadcast within the previous 15 minutes, with respect to the true GEO Doppler shift seen at any fixed location within the GEO footprint, shall not exceed ±210 Hz.

3. The rounding methodology is provided in the PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) Volume II. 4. The FAS CRC value is displayed in the order r25..r32, r17..r24, r9..r16, r1..r8 where ri is thith coefficient of the remainder R(x) as defined in Appendix 6B, 3.9 . 5. DIN : raw data value, DCONV : converted data value according to coding rules, DOUT : coded data value … 8.11.4 For aircraft receivers using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, the precorrelation bandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay are within the ranges defined in Table D-11, except as noted below. 8.11.4.1 For GBAS airborne equipment using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, the precorrelation bandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay are within the ranges defined in Table D-11, except that the region 1 minimum bandwidth will increase to 4 MHz and the average correlator spacing is reduced to an average of 0.21 chips or instantaneous of 0.235 chips. … Table D-13B. GPS tracking constraints for GBAS airborne receiverswith doubledelta correlators Region

4.1.6 Major service failure. A major service failure is defined to be a condition over a time interval during which a healthy GPS satellite’s ranging signal error (excluding atmospheric and receiver errors) exceeds the range error limit of 4.42 times the upper bound on the user range accuracy (URA) broadcast by a satellite for longer than the allowable time to alert (10 seconds). As defined in Chapter 3, 3.7.3.1.1.3 a), the range error limit is the larger of: a) 30 m; orb) 4.42 times the URA, not to exceed 150 m.The probability of in Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.1.4 corresponds to a maximum of 3 major service failures for the entire constellation per year assuming a maximum constellation of 32 satellites.

4.1.7 Continuity. Continuity for a healthy GPS satellite is the probability that the SPS SIS will continue to be healthy without unscheduled interruption over a specified time interval. Scheduled interruptions which are announced at least 48 hours in advance do not contribute to a loss of continuity. 4.1.78Coverage. The SPS supports the terrestrial coverage area, which is from the surface of the earth up to an altitude of 3 000 km. … 6.6 SBAS final approach segment (FAS) data block 6.6.1 The SBAS final approach segment (FAS) data block for a particular approach procedure is as shown in Table D-1Appendix 6B, 3.5.8.4.2.5.1 and Table B-57A. It is the same as the GBAS FAS data block defined in Appendix 6B, section 3.6.4.5.1 and Table B-66, with the following exceptions. that the SBAS FAS data block also contains the HAL and VAL to be used for the approach procedure as described in 6.3.4. SBAS user equipment interprets certain fields differently from GBAS user equipment 6.6.2 FAS data blocks for SBAS and some GBAS approaches are held within a common on-board database supporting both SBAS and GBAS. Within this database, channel assignments must be unique for each approach and coordinated with civil authorities. States are responsible for providing the FAS data for incorporation into the database. The FAS block for a particular approach procedure is described in Appendix B, 3.6.4.5.1 and Table B-66. 6.6.3 An example of the coding of FAS data block for SBAS is provided in Table D-1. This example illustrates the coding of the various application parameters, including the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The engineering values for the message parameters in the table illustrate the message coding process. Table D-1.Example of an SBAS FAS data block Data content Operation type SBAS provider ID Airport ID Runway number Runway letter Approach performance designator Route indicator Reference path data selector Reference path identifier LTP/FTP latitude LTP/FTP longitude LTP/FTP height ΔFPAP latitude ΔFPAP longitude Approach threshold crossing height (TCH) (Note 1)(0 to 3 276.7 ft)(0.1 ft) Approach TCH units selector Glide path angle (GPA) Course width at threshold ΔLength offset Horizontal alert limit (HAL) Vertical alert limit (VAL) (Note 2) Final approach segment CRC

Bitsused

Range ofvalues

Resolution

4 4 32 6 2 3 5 8 32 32 32 16 24 24 15

0 to 15 0 to 15 – 1 to 36 – 0 to 7 – 0 to 48 – ± 90.0° ± 180.0° 512.0 to 6 041.5 m ± 1.0° ± 1.0° 0 to 1 638.35 m

1 1 – 1 – 1 – 1 – 0.0005 arcsec 0.0005 arcsec 0.1 m 0.0005 arcsec 0.0005 arcsec 0.05 m

1 16 8 8 8 8 32

– 0 to 90.0° 80.0 to 143.75 m 0 to 2 032 m 0 to 50.8 m 0 to 50.8 m –

– 0.01° 0.25 m 8m 0.2 m 0.2 m –

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3 dB precorrelation bandwidth BW

Average correlator spacing range (X) (chips)

Instantaneous correlator spacing range (chips)

Differential group delay

(-50x X) +12 <BW ≤7MHz 24<BW≤7MHz

0.1 – 0.20.16 0.200.16 – 0.6

0.09 – 0.220.18 0.18 0.14 – 0.65

≤600 ns

(-50 x X)+12 <BW ≤(133.33 x X)+2.667 MHz (-50x X )+12 <BW ≤14 MHz 7<BW ≤BW 14 MHz

0.07 – 0.085 0.085 – 0.1 0.1 – 0.24

0.63 – 0.094 0.077 – 0.11 0.09 – 0.26

≤150 ns

14<BW ≤16 MHz (133.33 x X) + 2.667 <BW ≤16 MHz 14<BW ≤(133.33 x X ) + 2.667 MHz

0.1 – 0.24 0.085 – 0.1

0.09 – 0.26 0.077 – 0.11

≤150 ns

3.5.7.1.6.4 SBAS shall not broadcast almanac data for any SBAS satellite from a different service provider for which the position estimated from the almanac data broadcast within the previous 15 minutes would be within 200 km of the position of any of its own GEOs as derived from the GEO ranging parameters from any Type 9 message that has not timed out. 3.5.7.1.6.5 Where the estimated position of a GEO satellite providing a ranging function, derived from the Type 17 message broadcast within the previous 15 minutes, is within 200 km of the position of another GEO satellite of the same service provider, derived from a Type 9 message for this GEO that has not timed out, the GEO UDRE value shall be set sufficiently large to account for the possibility that a user could misidentify the PRN of the GEO providing the ranging function. 3.5.7.1.6.6 The health and status parameter shall indicate the satellite status and the service provider identifier, as defined in 3.5.4.3. 3.5.7.1.6.7 Unused almanac slots in Type 17 messages shall be coded with a PRN code number of “0”. 3.5.7.1.6.8 The service provider shall ensure the correctness of the service provider ID broadcast in any almanac. … … Table B-54. Data broadcast intervals and supported functions Data type

Maximum broadcast interval

Ranging

GNSS satellite status

Basic differential correction

Precise differential correction

Associated message types

… ——————— ... — END — AMENDED REGULATION AFTER REVISION: CAR-ANS PART 6: … 6. SPECIFICATIONS FOR RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS ... 6.3.7 Requirements for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) … 6.3.7.3.1 GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS) (L1) 6.3.7.3.1.1 Space and control segment accuracy Note.— The following accuracy standards do not include atmospheric or receiver errors as described in Attachment 6D, 4.1.2. They apply under the conditions specified in Appendix 6B, 6.3.1.3.1.1. 6.3.7.3.1.1.1 Positioning accuracy. The GPS SPS position errors shall not exceed the following limits Global average 95% of the time Horizontal position error 9 m (30 ft) Vertical position error 15 m (49 ft)

Worst site 95% of the time 17 m (56 ft) 37 m (121 ft)

6.3.7.3.1.1.2 Time transfer accuracy. The GPS SPS time transfer errors shall not exceed 40 nanoseconds 95 per cent of the time. 6.3.7.3.1.1.3 Range domain accuracy. The range domain error shall not exceed the following limits: a) range error of any satellite 30 m (100 ft) with reliability specified in 6.3.7.3.1.3; b) 95th percentile range rate error of any satellite —0.006 m ( 0.02ft) per second (global average); c) 95th percentile range acceleration error of any satellite —0.002 m (0.006 ft) per secondsquared (global average); and d) 95th percentile range error for any satellites over all time differences between time of data generation and time of use of data — 7.8 m (26 ft) (global average). 6.3.7.3.1.2 Availability. The GPS SPS availability shall be as follows: ≥99 per cent horizontal service availability, average location ( 17 m 95 per cent threshold) ≥99 per cent vertical service availability, average location (37 m 95 per cent threshold) ≥90 per cent horizontal service availability, worst-case location ( 17 m 95 per cent threshold) ≥90 per cent vertical service availability, worst-case location ( 37 m 95 per cent threshold)

GEO ranging function data 120 s R R R R 9 … Notes.—1. “R” indicates that the data must be broadcast to support the function. … 3.5.7.3 GNSS satellite status function. If an SBAS provides a satellite status function, it shall also comply with the requirements contained in this section. Note — An SBAS may be able to provide integrity on some GPS satellites that are designated eithermarginal or unhealthy. … 3.5.8.1 SBAS-capable GNSS receiver. Except as specifically noted, the SBAS-capable GNSS receiver shall process the signals of the SBAS and meet the requirements specified in 3.1.3.1 (GPS receiver) and/or 3.2.3.1 (GLONASS receiver). Pseudorange measurements for each satellite shall be smoothed using carrier measurements and a smoothing filter which deviates less than 0.1 metre within 200 seconds after initialization, relative to the steady-state response of the filter defined in 3.6.5.1 in the presence of drift between the code phase and integrated carrier phase of up to 0.01 metre per second. 3.5.8.1.1 GEO satellite acquisition. The receiver shall be able to acquire and track GEO satellites for which a stationary receiver at the user receiver location would experience a Doppler shift as large as ±450 Hz. 3.5.8.1.2 Conditions for use of data. The receiver shall use data from an SBAS message only if the CRC of this message has been verified. Reception of a Type 0 message from an SBAS satellite shall result in deselection of that satellite and all data from that satellite shall be discarded for at least 1 minute. For GPS satellites, the receiver shall apply long-term corrections only if the IOD matches both the IODE and 8 least significant bits of the IODC. For GLONASS satellites, the receiver shall apply long-term corrections only if the time of reception (tr) of the GLONASS ephemeris is inside the following IOD validity interval, as defined in 3.5.4.4.1: tLT – L – V ≤ tr ≤ tLT – L Note 1.— For SBAS satellites, there is no mechanism that links GEO ranging function data (Type 9message) and long-term corrections. Note 2.— This requirement does not imply that the receiver has to stop tracking the SBAS satellite. 3.5.8.1.2.1 SBAS satellite identification. Upon acquisition or re-acquisition of an SBAS satellite, the receiver shall not use SBAS satellite data unless the calculated separation between the satellite position derived from its GEO ranging function parameters and the satellite position derived from the almanac message most recently received from the same service provider within the last 15 minutes is less than 200 km. Note. — This check ensures that a receiver will not mistake one SBAS satellite for another due tocross-correlation during acquisition or re-acquisition. 3.5.8.1.2.2 The receiver shall use integrity or correction data only if the IODP associated with that data matches the IODP associated with the PRN mask.

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3.5.8.1.2.3 The receiver shall use SBAS-provided ionospheric data (IGP vertical delay estimate and GIVEIi) only if the IODIk associated with that data in a Type 26 message matches the IODIk associated with the relevant IGP band mask transmitted in a Type 18 message.

ΔFPAP latitude: the difference of latitude of the runway FPAP from the LTP/FTP in arc seconds.

3.5.8.1.2.4 The receiver shall use the most recently received integrity data for which the IODFj equals 3 or the IODFj matches the IODFj associated with the fast correction data being applied (if corrections are provided).

ΔFPAP longitude: the difference of longitude of the runway FPAP from the LTP/FTP in arc seconds.

Coding: Positive value denotes the FPAP latitude north of LTP/FTP latitude. Negative value denotes the FPAP latitude south of the LTP/FTP latitude.

3.5.8.1.2.5 The receiver shall apply any regional degradation to the σ2i, ,UDRE as defined by a Type 27 service message. If a Type 27 message with a new IODS indicates a higher δUDRE for the user location, the higher δUDRE shall be applied immediately. A lower δUDRE in a new Type 27 message shall not be applied until the complete set of messages with the new IODS has been received.

Coding: Positive value indicates the FPAP longitude east of LTP/FTP longitude. Negative value indicates the FPAP longitude west of LTP/FTP longitude.

3.5.8.1.2.6 The receiver shall apply satellite-specific degradation to the σi,UDRE 2 as defined by a Type 28 clockephemeris covariance matrix message. The δUDRE derived from a Type 28 message shall be applied immediately.

Coding:

3.5.8.1.2.7 In the event of a loss of four successive SBAS messages, the receiver shall no longer support SBAS-based precision approach or APV operations. 3.5.8.1.2.8 The receiver shall not use a broadcast data parameter after it has timed out as defined in Table B-56. 3.5.8.1.2.9 The receiver shall not use a fast correction if Δt for the associated RRC exceeds the time-out interval for fast corrections, or if the age of the RRC exceeds 8Δt. 3.5.8.1.2.10 The calculation of the RRC shall be reinitialized if a “Do Not Use” or “Not Monitored” indication is received for that satellite. 3.5.8.1.2.11 For SBAS-based precision approach or APV operations, the receiver shall only use satellites with elevation angles at or above 5 degrees.

Approach TCH: the height of the FAS path above the LTP/FTP defined in either feet or metres as indicated by the TCH units selector. Approach TCH units selector: the units used to describe the TCH. 0 = feet 1 = metres

Glide path angle (GPA): the angle of the FAS path with respect to the horizontal plane tangent to the WGS-84 ellipsoid at the LTP/FTP. Course width: the lateral displacement from the path defined by the FAS at the LTP/FTP at which fullscale deflection of a course deviation indicator is attained. Coding: This field is coded as an unsigned fixed-point number with an offset of 80 metres. A value of zero in this field indicates a course width of 80 metres at the LTP/FTP. ΔLength offset: the distance from the stop end of the runway to the FPAP.

maximum constellation of 32 satellites. 4.1.7 Continuity. Continuity for a healthy GPS satellite is the probability that the SPS SIS will continue to be healthy without unscheduled interruption over a specified time interval. Scheduled interruptions which are announced at least 48 hours in advance do not contribute to a loss of continuity. 4.1.8 Coverage. The SPS supports the terrestrial coverage area, which is from the surface of the earth up to an altitude of 3 000 km. … 6.6 SBAS final approach segment (FAS) data block 6.6.1 The SBAS final approach segment (FAS) data block for a particular approach procedure is as shown in Appendix 6B, 3.5.8.4.2.5.1 and Table B-57A. It is the same as the GBAS FAS data block defined in Appendix 6B, section 3.6.4.5.1 and Table B-66, with the following exceptions. The SBAS FAS data block also contains the HAL and VAL to be used for the approach procedure as described in 6.3.4. SBAS user equipment interprets certain fields differently from GBAS user equipment 6.6.2 FAS data blocks for SBAS and some GBAS approaches are held within a common on-board database supporting both SBAS and GBAS. Within this database, channel assignments must be unique for each approach and coordinated with civil authorities. States are responsible for providing the FAS data for incorporation into the database. 6.6.3 An example of the coding of FAS data block for SBAS is provided in Table D-1. This example illustrates the coding of the various application parameters, including the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The engineering values for the message parameters in the table illustrate the message coding process. Table D-1. Example of an SBAS FAS data block

Coding: 1111 1111 = not provided HAL: Horizontal alert limit to be used during the approach in meters. VAL: Vertical alert limit to be used during the approach in meters.

3.5.8.1.2.12 The receiver shall no longer support SBAS-based precision approach or APV operation using a particular satellite if the UDREIi received is greater than or equal to 12. … 3.5.8.2.4 Almanac data

Final approach segment CRC: the 32-bit CRC appended to the end of each FAS data block in order to ensure approach data integrity. The 32-bit final approach segment CRC shall be calculated in accordance with 3.9. The length of the CRC code shall be k = 32 bits.

3.5.8.2.4.1 The almanac data provided by the SBAS shall be used foracquisition.

G(x) = x32 + x31 + x24 + x22 + x16 + x14 + x8 + x7 + x5 + x3 + x + 1

Note.— Health and status information is provided in the GEO almanac data does not override or invalidate data provided in other SBAS messages. The use of bits 0 to 2 by airborne equipment is optional; there are norequirements covering their usage.

The CRC information field, M(x), shall be:

The CRC generator polynomial shall be:

M(x)= 3.5.8.3 GNSS satellite status function. The receiver shall exclude satellites from the position solution if they are identified as “Do Not Use” by SBAS. If SBAS-provided integrity is used, the receiver shall not be required to exclude GPS satellites based on the GPS-provided ephemeris health flag as required in 3.1.3.1.1 or to exclude GLONASS satellites based on GLONASS-provided ephemeris health flag as required in 3.2.3.1.1. Note 1.— In the case of a satellite designated marginal or unhealthy by the core satelliteconstellation(s) health flag, SBAS may be able to broadcast ephemeris and clock corrections that willallow the user to continue using the satellite. … 3.5.8.4.2 Precision approach and APV operations … 3.5.8.4.2.5 The parameters that define the approach path for a single precision approach or APV shall be contained in the FAS data block. Note 1.— The FAS path is a line in space defined by the landing threshold point/fictitious thresholdpoint (LTP/FTP), flight path alignment point (FPAP), threshold crossing height (TCH) and glide pathangle (GPA). The local level plane for the approach is a plane perpendicular to the local vertical passingthrough the LTP/FTP (i.e. tangent to the ellipsoid at the LTP/FTP). Local vertical for the approach isnormal to the WGS-84 ellipsoid at the LTP/FTP. The glide path intercept point (GPIP) is where the finalapproach path intercepts the local level plane. Note 2.— For SBAS, FAS data blocks are stored in airborne databases. The format of the data forvalidation of a cyclic redundancy check is shown in Attachment 6D, 6.6. It differs from the GBAS FAS datablock in 3.6.4.5. … 3.5.8.4.2.5.1 FAS data block parameters shall be as follows (see Table B-57A): Operation type: straight-in approach procedure or other operation types.

… 3.6.7.2.4 Final approach segment data 3.6.7.2.4.1 FAS data points accuracy. The relative survey error between the FAS data points and the GBAS reference point shall be less than 0.25 metres vertical and 0.40 metres horizontal.

Coding: 0 = straight-in approach procedure 1 to 15 = spare SBAS service provider ID: indicates the service provider associated with this FAS data block. Coding: See Table B-27.

3.6.7.2.4.2 The final approach segment CRC shall be assigned at the timeof procedure design, and kept as an integral part of the FAS data block from that time onward. 3.6.7.2.4.3 The GBAS shall allow the capability to set the FASVAL and FASLAL for any FAS data block to “1111 1111” to limit the approach to lateral only or to indicate that the approach must not be used, respectively

14 = FAS data block is to be used with GBAS only. 15 = FAS data block can be used with any SBAS service provider. Airport ID: the three- or four-letter designator used to designate an airport. Coding: Each character is coded using the lower 6 bits of its IA-5 representation. For each character, b1 is transmitted first, and 2 zero bits are appended after b6, so that 8 bits are transmitted for each character. Only upper case letters, numeric digits and IA-5 “space” are used. The rightmost character is transmitted first. For a three-character airport ID, the rightmost (first transmitted) character shall be IA-5 “space”. Runway number: the runway orientation, point in space final approach course, or SBAS circling only procedure course rounded to the nearest 10 degrees and truncated to two characters. Coding: 01 to 36 = runway number Note.— For heliport operations, the runway number value is the integer nearest to one tenth of thefinal approach course, except when that integer is zero, in which case the runway number is 36. Runway letter: the one-letter designator used, as necessary, to differentiate between parallel runways.

ATTACHMENT 6D .INFORMATION AND MATERIAL FOR GUIDANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF THE GNSS STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES … 3. Navigation system performance requirements … 3.4 Continuity of service … 3.4.3.4 For those areas where the system design does not meet the average continuity riskspecified in the SARPs, it is still possible to publish procedures. However, specific operationalmitigations should be put in place to cope with the reduced continuity expected. For example, flightplanning may not be authorized based solely on a GNSS navigation means with such a high averagecontinuity risk. … 4. GNSS core elements 4.1 GPS Note.— Additional information concerning GPS can be found in the Global Positioning System Standard Positioning Service — Performance Standard, September 2008, and InterfaceSpecification (S)-GPS-200E. 4.1.1 The performance standard is based upon the assumption that a representative standard positioning service (SPS) receiver is used. A representative receiver has the following characteristics:

Coding: 0 = no letter 1 = R (right) 2 = C (centre) 3 = L (left)

a) designed in accordance with IS-GPS-200E;

Approach performance designator: this field is not used by SBAS.

b) uses a 5-degree masking angle;

Table B-57A. Final approach segment (FAS) data block Data content

Bits used

Operation type SBAS provider ID Airport ID Runway number Runway letter Approach performance designator Route indicator Reference path data selector Reference path identifier LTP/FTP latitude LTP/FTP longitude LTP/FTP height ΔFPAP latitude ΔFPAP longitude Approach TCH (Note 1)

4 4 32 6 2 3 5 8 32 32 32 16 24 24 15

Approach TCH units selector GPA Course width ΔLength offset Horizontal alert limit (HAL) Vertical alert limit (VAL) (Note 2) Final approach segment CRC

1 16 8 8 8 8 32

Resolution 1 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — 0.0005 arcsec 0.0005 arcsec 0.1 m 0.0005 arcsec 0.0005 arcsec 0.05 m or 0.1 ft — 0.01° 0.25 m 8m 0.2 m 0.2 m —

Note 1.— Information can be provided in either feet or metres as indicated by the approach TCH unit selector. Note 2.— A VAL of 0 indicates that the vertical deviations cannot be used (i.e., a lateral only approach). Thisdoes not preclude providing advisory vertical guidance on such approaches, refer to FAA AC 20-138(). Route indicator: a “blank” or the one-letter identifier used to differentiate between multiple procedures to the same runway end. Note.— Procedures are considered to be different even if they only differ by the missed approach segment. Coding: The letter is coded using bits b1 through b5 of its IA-5 representation. Bit b1 is transmitted first.Only upper case letters, excluding “I” and “O”, or IA-5 “space” (blank) are used. Blankindicates that there is only one procedure to the runway end. For multiple procedures to the same runway end the route indicator is coded using a letter starting from Z and moving backward in the alphabet for additional procedures. Reference path data selector (RPDS): this field is not used by SBAS. Reference path identifier (RPI): four characters used to uniquely designate the reference path. The four characters consist of three alphanumeric characters plus a blank or four alphanumeric characters. Note.— The best industry practice matches the 2nd and 3rd character encoding to the encoded runway number. The last character is a letter starting from A or a “blank.” Coding: Each character is coded using bits b1 through b6 of its IA-5 representation. For each character, b1is transmitted first, and 2 zero bits are appended after b6 so that 8 bits are transmitted for eachcharacter. Only upper case letters, numeric digits and IA-5 “space” are used. The rightmost character is transmitted first. For a three-character reference path identifier, the rightmost (first transmitted) character shall be IA-5 “space”. Note.— The LTP/FTP is a point over which the FAS path passes at a height above the LTP/FTPheight specified by the TCH. LTP/FTP latitude: the latitude of the LTP/FTP point in arc seconds. Coding: positive value denotes north latitude. negative value denotes south latitude. LTP/FTP longitude: the longitude of the LTP/FTP point in arc seconds. Coding: positive value denotes east longitude. negative value denotes west longitude. LTP/FTP height: the height of the LTP/FTP above the WGS-84 ellipsoid. Coding: This field is coded as an unsigned fixed-point number with an offset of –512 metres. A value of zero in this field places the LTP/FTP 512 metres below the earth ellipsoid. Note.— The FPAP is a point at the same height as the LTP/FTP that is used to define the alignmentof the approach. The origin of angular deviations in the lateral direction is defined to be 305 metres(1 000 ft) beyond the FPAP along the lateral FAS path. For an approach aligned with the runway, theFPAP is at or beyond the stop end of the runway.

c) accomplishes satellite position and geometric range computations in the most current realization of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) Earth-Centred, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system; d) generates a position and time solution from data broadcast by all satellites in view; e) compensates for dynamic Doppler shift effects on nominal SPS ranging signal carrier phase and C/A code measurements; f) excludes marginal and unhealthy satellites from the position solution; g) uses up-to-date and internally consistent ephemeris and clock data for all satellites it is using in its position solution; and h) loses track in the event that a GPS satellite stops transmitting a trackable signal. The time transfer accuracy applies to data in thebroadcast navigation message, which relates GPS SPS time to UTC as maintained by the United StatesNaval Observatory. A 12-channel receiver will meet performance requirements specified in Chapter 6.3,6.3.7.3.1.1.1 and 6.3.7.3.1.2. A receiver that is able to track four satellites only (Appendix 6B, 3.1.3.1.2) willnot get the full accuracy and availability performance. Note.— Conditions indicating that a satellite is “healthy”, “marginal” or “unhealthy” can be foundin U.S. Department of Defense, “Global Positioning System – Standard Positioning Service – Performance Standard”, 4th Edition, September 2008, Section 2.3.2. 4.1.2 Position domain accuracy. The position domain accuracy is measured with a representative receiver and a measurement interval of 24 hours for any point within the coverage area. The positioning and timing accuracy are for the signal-in-space (SIS) only and do not include such error sources as: ionosphere, troposphere, interference, receiver noise or multipath. 4.1.3 Range domain accuracy. The range domain accuracy standard applies to normal operations, which implies that updated navigation data is uplinked to the satellites on regular basis. Range domain accuracy is conditioned by the satellite indicating a healthy status and transmitting C/A code and does not account for satellite failures outside of the normal operating characteristics. Range domain accuracy limits can be exceeded during satellite failures or anomalies while uploading data to the satellite. The range rate error limit is the maximum for any satellite measured over any 3-second interval for any point within the coverage area. The range acceleration error limit is the maximum for any satellite measured over any 3-second interval for any point within the coverage area. . Under nominal conditions, all satellites are maintained to the same standards, so it is appropriate for availability modelling purposes to assume that all satellites have a 4-metre RMS SIS user range error (URE). The standards are restricted to range domain errors allocated to space and control segments. 4.1.4 Availability. The availability standard applies to normal operations, which implies that updated navigation data is uplinked to the satellites on regular basis. Availability is the percentage of time over any 24-hour interval that the predicted 95 per cent positioning error (due to space and control segment errors) is less than its threshold, for any point within the coverage area. It is based on a 3617-metre horizontal 95 per cent threshold; a 37-metre vertical 95 per cent threshold; using a representative receiver; and operating within the coverage area over any 24-hour interval. The service availability assumes service a constellation that meets the criteria in 4.1.4.2. 4.1.4.1Relationship to augmentation availability. The availability of ABAS, GBAS and SBAS does not directly relate to the GPS availability defined in Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.1.2. States and operators must evaluate the availability of the augmented system by comparing the augmented performance to the requirements. Availability analysis is based on an assumed satellite constellation and the probability of having a given number of satellites. 4.1.4.2 Satellite/constellation availability.Twenty-four operational satellites are available will be maintained on orbit with 0.95 probability (averaged over any day), where a satellite is defined to be operational if it is capable of, but is not necessarily transmitting, a usable ranging signal. At least 21 satellites in the nominal 24 slot positions must be set healthy and must be transmitting a navigation signal with 0.98 probability (annually). At least 20 satellites in the nominal 24 slot positions must be set healthy and must be transmitting a navigation signal with 0.99999 probability (normalized annually). 4.1.5 Reliability. Reliability is the percentage of time over a specified time interval that the instantaneous SPS SIS URE is maintained within the range error limit, at any given point within the coverage area, for all healthy GPS satellites. The reliability standard is based on a measurement interval of one year and the average of daily values within the coverage area. The worst single point average reliability assumes that the total service failure time of 18 hours will be over that particular point (3 failures each lasting 6 hours). 4.1.6 Major service failure. A major service failure is defined to be a condition over a time interval during which a healthy GPS satellite’s ranging signal error (excluding atmospheric and receiver errors) exceeds the range error limit of 4.42 times the upper bound on the user range accuracy (URA) broadcast by a satellite for longer than the allowable time to alert (10 seconds). The probability of 1x10-5 in Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.1.4 corresponds to a maximum of 3 major service failures for the entire constellation per year assuming a

Notes. 1. The rightmost bit is the LSB of the binary parameter value and is the first bit transmitted to the CRC calculator. 2. The two most significant bits of each byte are set to 0 (see bold characters). 3. The rounding methodology is provided in the PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) Volume II. 4. The FAS CRC value is displayed in the order r25..r32, r17..r24, r9..r16, r1..r8 where ri is thith coefficient of the remainder R(x) as defined in Appendix 6B, 3.9 . 5. DIN : raw data value, DCONV : converted data value according to coding rules, DOUT : coded data value. … 8.11.4 For aircraft receivers using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, the precorrelation bandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay are within the ranges defined in Table D-11, except as noted below. 8.11.4.1 For GBAS airborne equipment using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, the precorrelation bandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay are within the ranges defined in Table D-11, except that the region 1 minimum bandwidth will increase to 4 MHz and the average correlator spacing is reduced to an average of 0.21 chips or instantaneous of 0.235 chips. … Table D-13B. GPS tracking constraints for GBAS airborne receivers with doubledelta correlators Region

3 dB precorrelation bandwidth BW

Average correlator spacing range (X) (chips)

Instantaneous correlator spacing range (chips)

Differential group delay

(-50x X) +12 <BW ≤7MHz 24<BW≤7MHz

0.1 – 0.20.16 0.200.16 – 0.6

0.09 – 0.220.18 0.18 0.14 – 0.65

≤600 ns

(-50 x X)+12 <BW ≤(133.33 x X)+2.667 MHz (-50x X )+12 <BW ≤14 MHz 7<BW ≤BW 14 MHz

0.07 – 0.085 0.085 – 0.1 0.1 – 0.24

0.63 – 0.094 0.077 – 0.11 0.09 – 0.26

≤150 ns

14<BW ≤16 MHz 14<BW ≤(133.33 x X ) + 2.667 MHz

0.1 – 0.24 0.085 – 0.1

0.09 – 0.26 0.077 – 0.11

≤150 ns

———————— — END— i.

ii.

Repealing Clause. - All orders, rules, regulations and issuances, or parts thereof which are inconsistent with this Memorandum Circular are hereby repealed, superseded or modified accordingly.

iii.

Determination of changes. – To highlight the amendments and/or revisions in the Memorandum Circular, the deleted text shall be shown with strikethrough and the new inserted text shall be highlighted with grey shading, as illustrated below: 1. Text deleted: Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it. 2. New text inserted: New text is highlighted with grey shading. 3. New text replacing existing text: Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it followed by the replacement text which is highlighted with grey shading.

iv.

Effectivity Clause. - This Memorandum Circular shall take effect fifteen (15) days after publication in a requisite single newspaper of general circulation or the Official Gazette and a copy filed with the U.P. Law Center - Office of the National Administrative Register.

So Ordered. Signed this 22 day of January 2018, at the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, MIA Road, Pasay City, Metro Manila, 1301. CAPTAIN JIM SYDIONGCO

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

Manila

Standard

TODAY

Republic of the Philippines CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

determine GEOcoverage shall not be less than 5 degrees for a user near the ground. 6.3.7.3.4.4.3.2.2c)The level of a received SBAS RF signal at the outputantenna port of a 0 dBicantenna located near the ground shall not exceed –152.5 dBW. d) The ellipticity of the broadcast signal shall be no worse than 2 dB for the angular range of ±9.1°from boresight.

MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO.:

06-18

ALL CONCERNED

FROM

DIRECTOR GENERAL

SUBJECT

AMENDMENT TO PHILIPPINE CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES(CAR-ANS) PART 6 INCORPORATING AMENDMENT 90 TO ICAO ANNEX 10 VOLUME 1

6.3.7.3.4.4.4 Polarization. The broadcast signal shall be right-hand circularly polarized. ... APPENDIX 6B. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FORTHE GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) ... 3.2.5.2 Conversion between PZ-90 and WGS-84. The following conversion parameters shall be usedto obtain position coordinates in WGS-84 from position coordinates in PZ-90 (Version 2):

REFERENCE: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations- Air Navigation Services Part 6, Issue 3 Amendment No. 6 ICAO Annex 10 Volume 1; Amendment 89 CAAP Regulations Amendment Procedures Board Resolution No. 2012-054 dated 28 September 2012

Pursuant to the powers vested in me under the Republic Act 9497, otherwise known as the Civil Aviation Authority Act of 2008 and in accordance with the Board Resolution No.: 2012-054 dated 28 September 2012, I hereby approve the incorporation of ICAO Annex 10 Volume 1Amendment No. 90 to the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations – Air Navigation Services (CAR-ANS) Part 6. ORIGINAL REGULATION SUBJECT FOR REVIEW AND REVISION: CAR-ANS Part 6 … 6. 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS 6.2.1 Standard radio navigation aids … Note 2.— It is intended that introduction and application of radio navigation aids to support precisionapproach and landing operations will be in accordance with the strategy shown in Attachment 6B. It is intended that rationalization of conventional radio navigation aids and evolution toward supportingperformance-based navigation will be in accordance with the strategy shown in Attachment 6H. ... 6.3. SPECIFICATIONS FOR RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS … 6.3.1 Specification for ILS ... 6.3.1.2 Basic requirements 6.3.1.2.1 The ILS shall comprise the following basic components: a) VHF localizer equipment, associated monitor system, remote control and indicator equipment; b) UHF glide path equipment, associated monitor system, remote control and indicator equipment; c) VHF marker beacons, or distance measuring equipment (DME) in accordance with section 6.3.5,together with associated monitor system and remote control and indicator equipment.an appropriate means to enable glide path verification checks. Note.— The Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) (Doc 8168)provide guidance on the conduct of glide path verification checks. ... 6.3.1.2.1.1Distance to threshold information to enable glide path verification checks shall be provided by either VHF marker beacons or distance measuring equipment (DME), together with associated monitor systems and remote control and indicator equipment. 6.3.1.2.1.2 If one or more VHF marker beacons are used to provide distance to threshold information,the equipment shall conform to the specifications in 6.3.1.7. If DME is used in lieu of marker beacons, theequipment shall conform to the specifications in 6.3.1.7.6.5.

Note .— X, Y and Z are expressed in metres. 3.2.5.2.1 The conversion error shall not exceed 0.1 metres (1 sigma) along each coordinate axis. 3.2.5.2 CONVERSION BETWEEN PZ-90 AND WGS-84 3.2.5.2.1 The following conversion parameters should be used to obtain position coordinates in WGS-84 (version G1674) from position coordinates in PZ-90 (Version PZ90.11):

Note 1.— X, Y and Z are expressed in metres. The difference between versions WGS-84 (G1674) andPZ-90 (PZ-90.11) is not significant with respect to operational requirements. Note 2.— Guidance material on conversion between PZ-90 and WGS-84 is provided in Attachment 6D,section 4.2.9.3. ... 3.3.1.3 Conversion between coordinate systems. Position information provided by a combined GPSand GLONASS receiver shall be expressed in WGS-84 earth coordinates. The GLONASS satellite position,obtained in PZ-90 coordinate frame, shall be converted to account for the differences between WGS-84 andPZ-90, as defined in 3.2.5.2. 3.3.1.3.1 The GLONASS satellite position, obtained in PZ-90 coordinate frame, should be converted to account for the differences between WGS-84 and PZ-90, as defined in 3.2.5.2. 3.3.1.4 GPS/GLONASS time. When combining measurements from GLONASS and GPS, thedifference between GLONASS time and GPS time shall be taken into account. 3.3.1.4.1 GPS/GLONASS receivers shall solve for the time offset between the core constellations asan additional unknown parameter in the navigation solution and not only rely on the time offset broadcast inthe navigation messages. ... 3.5 Satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) ... 3.5.4.2 Geostationary orbit (GEO) ranging function parameters. GEO ranging function parametersshall be as follows: ... User range accuracy (URA): an indicator of the root-mean-square ranging error, excluding atmospheric effects, asdescribed in Table B-26.

Note.— The monitoring applies to all failure conditions, including failures in core satellite constellation(s) orSBAS satellites. This monitoring assumes that the aircraft element complies with the requirements of RTCA/DO-229CDwith Change 1, except as superseded by 3.5.8 and Attachment 6D, 8.11. ... 3.5.8.1 SBAS-capable GNSS receiver. Except as specifically noted, the SBAS-capable GNSS receiver shallprocess the signals of the SBAS and meet the requirements specified in 3.1.3.1 (GPS receiver) and/or 3.2.3.1(GLONASS receiver). Pseudo-range measurements for each satellite shall be smoothed using carrier measurements anda smoothing filter which deviates less than 0.10.25metre within 200 seconds after initialization, relative to the steadystateresponse of the filter defined in 3.6.5.1 in the presence of drift between the code phase and integrated carrier phaseof up to 0.010.018metre per second. ... 3.5.8.1.2 Conditions for use of data. The receiver shall use data from an SBAS message only if the CRC of thismessage has been verified. Reception of a Type 0 message from an SBAS satellite shall result in deselection of thatsatellite for at least one minute and all data from that satellite shall be discarded for at least 1 minute, except that thereis no requirement to discard data from Type 12 and Type 17 messages. For GPS satellites, the receiver shall apply long-termcorrections only if the IOD matches both the IODE and 8 least significant bits of the IODC. For GLONASS satellites, the receiver shall apply long-term corrections only if the time of reception (tr) of the GLONASS ephemeris is inside the following IOD validity interval, as defined in 3.5.4.4.1: … 3.5.8.1.2.6 The receiver shall apply satellite-specific degradation to the σi,UDRE2 as defined by a Type 28 clock-ephemeriscovariance matrix message. The δUDRE derived from a Type 28 message with an IODP matching that of thePRN mask shall be applied immediately. 3.5.8.1.2.7 In the event of a loss of four successive SBAS messages during an SBASbased approach operationwith a HAL of 40 m or a VAL of 50 m or less, the receiver shall no longer support SBAS-based precision approach orAPV operationsinvalidate all UDREI data from that SBAS satellite. ... 3.5.8.4.1 Core satellite constellation(s) ranging accuracy. The root-mean-square (1 sigma) of the total airbornecontribution to the error in a corrected pseudo-range for a GPS satellite at the minimum and maximum received signalpower level (Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.1.5.4) under the worst interference environment as defined in 6.3.7 shall be less than orequal to 0.40.36metres for minimum signal level and 0.15 metres for maximum signal level, excluding multipatheffects, tropospheric and ionospheric residual errors. The RMS of the total airborne contribution to the error in a corrected pseudo-range for a GLONASS satellite at the minimum received signal power level (CAR-ANS 6.3, 6.3.2.5.4) under the worst interference environment as defined in 3.7 shall be less than or equal to 0.8 metres, excluding multipath effects, tropospheric and ionospheric residual errors. ... 3.5.8.4.2 Precision approach and APV operations 3.5.8.4.2.1 The receiver shall obtain correction and integrity data for all satellites in the position solution fromthe same SBAS signal (PRN code). 3.5.8.4.2.12The receiver shall compute and apply long-term corrections, fast corrections, range rate correctionsand the broadcast ionospheric corrections. For GLONASS satellites, the ionospheric corrections received from theSBAS shall be multiplied by the square of the ratio of GLONASS to GPS frequencies (fGLONASS/fGPS)2. 3.5.8.4.2.23The receiver shall use a weighted-least-squares position solution. 3.5.8.4.2.34The receiver shall apply a tropospheric model such that residual pseudorange errors have a meanvalue (μ) less than 0.15 metres and a 1 sigma deviation less than 0.07 metres. Note.— A model was developed that meets this requirement. Guidance is provided in Attachment 6D, 6.7.36.5.4. 3.5.8.4.2.45The receiver shall compute and apply horizontal and vertical protection levels defined in 3.5.5.6. Inthis computation, σtropoσi,tropo shall be:

Note.— All parameters are broadcast in Type 9 message. Table B-26. User range accuracy whereθi is the elevation angle of the ith satellite.

Note.— Guidance material relative to the use of DME and/or other standard radio navigation aids asan alternative to the marker beacon component of the ILS is contained in Attachment 6C, 6.2.11.

In addition, σairσi,air shall satisfy the condition that a normal distribution with zero mean and a standard deviation equalto σairσi,air bounds the error distribution for residual aircraft pseudo-range errors as follows:

6.3.1.2.1.13 Facility Performance Categories I, II and III — ILS shall provide indications at designatedremote control points of the operational status of all ILS ground system components, as follows: ... 6.3.1.7 VHF marker beacons Note.— Requirements relating to marker beacons apply only when one or more marker beacons areInstalled.

fni(x) = probability density function of the residual aircraft pseudo-range error and

6.3.1.7.1 General a) There shall be two marker beacons in each installation except as provided in 6.3.1.7.6.5 where, in theopinion of the Competent Authority, a single marker beacon is considered to be sufficient. A thirdmarker beacon may be added whenever, in the opinion of the Competent Authority, an additionalbeacon is required because of operational procedures at a particular site.

.. 3.5.5.4 Range rate corrections (RRC). The range rate correction for satellite iis:

b) TheA marker beacons shall conform to the requirements prescribed in 6.3.1.7. When the installationcomprises only two marker beacons, the requirements applicable to the middle marker and to theouter marker shall be complied with. When the installation comprises only one marker beacon, therequirements applicable to either the middle or the outer marker shall be complied with. If markerbeacons are replaced by DME, the requirements of 6.3.1.7.6.5 shall apply. c) The marker beacons shall produce radiation patterns to indicate predetermined distance from thethreshold along the ILS glide path. ... 6.3.1.7.3 Coverage 6.3.1.7.3.1 The marker beacon system shall be adjusted to provide coverage over the followingdistances, measured on the ILS glide path and localizer course line: a) inner marker (where installed): 150 m plus or minus 50 m (500 ft plus or minus 160 ft);

where FCi, current = the most recent fast correction; FCi,previous= a previous fast correction; ti,0f = the time of applicability of FCi,current; and ti,0f previous = the time of applicability of FCi,previous.; and ai = fast correction degradation factor (see Table B-34). ... 3.5.5.6.3.1 Broadcast ionospheric corrections. If SBAS-based ionospheric corrections are applied, σ2UIRE is:

b) middle marker: 300 m plus or minus 100 m (1 000 ft plus or minus 325 ft);

c) outer marker: 400 Hz. ... 6.3.1.7.5 Identification 6.3.1.7.5.1 The carrier energy shall not be interrupted. The audio frequency modulation shall be keyed as follows: a) inner marker (when installed):6 dots per second continuously;

Note.— If the service provider ID in the FAS data block equals 15, then any service provider can be used. If theservice provider ID in the FAS data block equals 14, then SBAS precise differential corrections cannot be used for theapproach. 3.5.8.4.2.5.36.3SBAS FAS data points accuracy. The survey error of all the FAS data points, relative toWGS-84, shall be less than 0.25 metres vertical and 1 metre horizontal 3.5.8.4.3 Departure, en-route, terminal, and non-precision approach operations

3.5.8.4.3.2 The receiver shall compute and apply ionospheric corrections. Note.— Two methods of computing ionospheric corrections are provided in 3.1.2.4 and 3.5.5.5.2.

6.3.1.7.4.1 The modulation frequencies shall be as follows:

b) middle marker: 1 300 Hz;

3.5.8.4.2.56The parameters that define the approach path for a single precision approach or APV shall becontained in the FAS data block. ... 3.5.8.4.2.5.16.1 FAS data block parameters shall be as follows (see Table B-57A): ... 3.5.8.4.2.5.26.2 For precision approach and APV operations, the service provider ID broadcast Type 17 messageshall be identical to the service provider ID in the FAS data block, except if ID equals 15 in the FAS data block.

3.5.8.4.3.1 The receiver shall compute and apply long-term corrections, fast corrections and range ratecorrections.

c) outer marker: 600 m plus or minus 200 m (2 000 ft plus or minus 650 ft). ... 6.3.1.7.4 Modulation

a) inner marker (when installed): 3 000 Hz;

Note.— The standard allowance for airborne multipath defined in 3.6.5.5.1 may be used to bound the multipatherrors.

using the same ionospheric pierce point weights (Wn) and grid points selected for the ionospheric correction (3.5.5.5). For If degradation parameters are used, for each grid point:

where

3.5.8.4.3.3 The receiver shall apply a tropospheric model such that residual pseudorange errors have a meanvalue (μ) less than 0.15 metres and a standard deviation less than 0.07 metres. Note.— A model was developed that meets this requirement. Guidance is provided in Attachment D, 6.7.36.5.4. 3.5.8.4.3.4 The receiver shall compute and apply horizontal and vertical protection levels as defined in 3.5.5.6. In this computation, stropoσtropo shall be:obtained either from the formula in 3.5.8.4.2.5, which can be used for elevationangles not less than 4 degrees, or from the alternate formula below, which can be used for elevation angles not less than2 degrees.

b) middle marker: a continuous series of alternate dots and dashes, the dashes keyed at the rate of2 dashes per second, and the dots at the rate of 6 dots per second; c) outer marker: 2 dashes per second continuously. These keying rates shall be maintained to within plus or minus 15 per cent. 6.3.1.7.6 Siting 6.3.1.7.6.1 The inner marker, when installed, shall be located so as to indicate in low visibilityconditions the imminence of arrival at the runway threshold. 6.3.1.7.6.1.1 If the radiation pattern is vertical, the inner marker, when installed, shall be located between 75 m (250 ft) and 450 m (1 500 ft) from the threshold and at not more than 30 m (100 ft) from the extended centre line of the runway. ... 6.3.7 Requirements for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) 6.3.7.1 Definitions ... Antenna port.A point where the received signal power is specified. For an active antenna, the antenna portis a fictitious point between the antenna elements and the antenna pre-amplifier. For a passive antenna, theantenna port is the output of the antenna itself. Axial ratio.The ratio, expressed in decibels, between the maximum output power and the minimum outputpower of an antenna to an incident linearly polarized wave as the polarization orientation is varied overalldirections perpendicular to the direction of propagation. ... 6.3.7.3 GNSS elements specifications

If degradation parameters are not used, for each grid point: σn,ionogrid= σn,GIVE Note.— For GLONASS satellites, both σGIVE and σIONO-εiono parameters are to be multiplied by the square of the ratio of the GLONASS to the GPS frequencies (fGLONASS/fGPS)2. ... 3.5.5.6.3.3 GLONASS clock. The degradation parameter for GLONASS clock correction is: εGLONASS_CLOCK = CGLONASS_CLOCK • [t - tGLONASS_CLOCK] where t = the current time tGLONASS_CLOCK = the time of transmission of the first bit of the timing message (MT12) at the GEO[sc] = the greatest integer less than sc. Note 1.— For non-GLONASS satellites εGLONASS_CLOCK= 0.

3.5.7.1.2 SBAS radio frequency monitoring. The SBAS shall monitor the SBAS satelliteparameters shown in Table B-55 and take the indicated action. ... Table B-55. SBAS radio frequency monitoring

6.3.7.3.4.4.3.2 Each SBAS satellite placed in orbit after 31 December 2013 shall comply with thefollowing requirements: a) The satellite shall broadcast navigation signals with sufficient power such that, at all unobstructedlocations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at or above the minimum elevation angle forwhich a trackable GEO signal needs to be provided, the level of the received RF signal at the outputantennaport of the antenna specified in Appendix B, Table B-87B-88, is at least –164.0 dBW. 6.3.7.3.4.4.3.2.1 Minimum elevation angle.b)The minimum elevation angle used to

where fni(x) = probability density function of the residual aircraft pseudo-range error and

Note.— The standard allowance for airborne multipath defined in 3.6.5.5.1 may be used to bound the multipatherrors. ... 3.7 Resistance to interference 3.7.1 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Note 1.— For unaugmented GPS and GLONASS receivers the resistance to interference is measured with respectto the following performance parameters: Tracking error (1 sigma)

GPS 0.40.36 m

GLONASS 0.8 m

... Note 6.— The performance requirements are to be met in the interference environments defined below for variousphases of flight. This defined interference environment is relaxed during initial acquisition of GNSS signals when thereceiver cannot take advantage of a steady-state navigation solution to aid signal acquisition.

6.3.7.3.2.5.4 Signal power level. Each GLONASS satellite shall broadcast CSA navigation signalswith sufficient power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite isobserved at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the output antenna port of a 3 dBi linearly polarized antenna is within the range of –161 dBW to –155.2 dBW for allantenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation. ...

6.3.7.3.4.4.3.1 Each SBAS satellite placed in orbit before 1 January 2014 shall broadcast navigationsignals with sufficient power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satelliteis observed at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the outputantenna port of a 3 dBi linearly polarized antenna is within the range of –161 dBW to –153 dBW for allantenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation.

In addition, σairσi,air shall satisfy the condition that a normal distribution with zero mean and standard deviation equal toσairσi,air bounds the error distribution for residual aircraft pseudo-range errors as follows:

Note 2.— CGLONASS_CLOCK = 0.00833 cm/s. ...

6.3.7.3.1 GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS) (L1) … 6.3.7.3.1.7.4 Signal power level. Each GPS satellite shall broadcast SPS navigation signals withsufficient power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite isobserved at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the output antenna port of a 3 dBi linearly-polarized antenna is within the range of –158.5 dBW to –153 dBW for allantenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation. ... 6.3.7.3.2 GLONASS Channel of Standard Accuracy (CSA) (L1) ...

Note 2.— GLONASS-M satellites will also broadcast a ranging code on L2 with sufficient powersuch that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at an elevationangle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the output antenna port of a 3 dBilinearly polarized antenna is not less then –167 dBW for all antenna orientations orthogonal to the directionof propagation. … 6.3.7.3.4 Satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) ... 6.3.7.3.4.4.3 SignalSBAS satellite-signal power level

whereθi is the elevation angle of the ith satellite.

3.7.2 CONTINUOUS WAVE (CW) INTERFERENCE 3.7.2.1 GPS AND SBAS RECEIVERS

... 3.5.7.3.2 PRN mask and Issue of data — PRN (IODP). SBAS shall broadcast a PRN mask and IODP (Type 1message). The PRN mask values shall indicate whether or not data are being provided for each GNSS satellite. TheIODP shall change when there is a change in the PRN mask. The change of IODP in Type 1 messages shall occurbefore the IODP changes in any other message. The IODP in Type 2 to 5, 7, 24 and, 25 and 28 messages shall equal theIODP broadcast in the PRN mask message (Type 1 message) used to designate the satellites for which data are provided in that message. ... 3.5.7.5.1 Performance of precise differential correction function. Given any valid combination ofactive data, the probability of an out-of-tolerance condition for longer than the relevant time-to-alert shall beless than 2 × 10–7 during any approach, assuming a user with zero latency. The time-to-alert shall be 5.2seconds for an SBAS that supports precision approach or APV-II operations, and 8 seconds for an SBASthat supports APV-Ior NPA operations. An out-of-tolerance condition shall be defined as a horizontal errorexceeding the HPLSBAS or a vertical error exceeding the VPLSBAS (as defined in 3.5.5.6). When an out-oftolerancecondition is detected, the resulting alert message (broadcast in a Type 2 to 5 and 6, 24, 26 or 27messages) shall be repeated three times after the initial notification of the alert condition for a total of fourtimes in 4 seconds. ... 3.5.7.7.2.5 SBAS shall raise an alarm within 5.2 seconds if any combination of active data and GNSSsignals-in-space results in an out-of-tolerance condition for precision approach or APV II (3.5.7.5.1). ... 3.5.7.7.2.6 SBAS shall raise an alarm within 8 seconds if any combination of active data and GNSS signals-in-spaceresults in an out-of-tolerance condition for en-route through APV I (3.5.7.4.1).

3.7.2.1.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GPS and SBAS receivers used for the precisionapproach phase of flight or used on aircraft with on-board satellite communications shall meet the performanceobjectives with CW interfering signals present with a power level at the antenna port equal to the interferencethresholds specified in Table B-83 and shown in Figure B-15 and with a desired signal level of 164.5–164dBW at theantenna port. 3.7.2.1.2 GPS and SBAS receivers used for non-precision approach shall meet the performance objectives with interference thresholds 3 dB less than specified in Table B-83. For terminal area and en-route steady-state navigationoperations and forDuring initial acquisition of theGPS and SBAS signals prior to steady-state navigation, the GPS andSBAS receivers shall meet the performance objectives with interference thresholds shall be 6 dB less than thosespecified in Table B-83. Table B-83. CW interference thresholds for GPS and SBAS receiversin steadystate navigation

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

Manila

Standard

TODAY

3.7.2.2 GLONASS RECEIVERS 3.7.2.2.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GLONASS receivers used for the precisionapproach phase of flight or used on aircraft with on-board satellite communications(except those identified in3.7.2.2.1.1) shall meet the performance objectives with CW interfering signals present with a power level at the antennaport equal to the interference thresholds specified in Table B-84 and shown in Figure B-16 and with a desired signallevel of –165.5–166.5dBW at the antenna port.

ATTACHMENT 6C. INFORMATION AND MATERIAL FORGUIDANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF THE STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FORILS, VOR, PAR, 75 MHz MARKER BEACONS (EN-ROUTE), NDB AND DME ... 2.11 Use of DME and/or other standard radio navigation aids as an alternative to ILS marker beacons

3.7.2.2.1.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GLONASS receivers used for all phases of flight(excluding those used for the precision approach phase of flight) and put into operation before 1 January 2017 shallmeet the performance objectives with CW interfering signals present with a power level at the antenna port 3 dB lessthan the interference thresholds specified in Table B-84 and shown in Figure B-16 and with a desired signal level of –166.5 dBW at the antenna port.

2.11.1 When DME is used as an alternative to ILS marker beacons, the DME should be located onthe airport so that the zero range indication will be a point near the runway. If the DME associated with ILSuses a zero range offset, this facility has to be excluded from RNAV solutions.

Table B-84.CWIinterference thresholds for GLONASS receiversin steady-state navigation

2.11.21.1 In order to reduce the triangulation error, the DME should be sited to ensure a smallangle (e.g. less than 20 degrees) between the approach path and the direction to the DME at the points wherethe distance information is required. 2.11.31.2 The use of DME as an alternative to the middle marker beacon assumes a DME systemaccuracy of 0.37 km (0.2 NM) or better and a resolution of the airborne indication such as to allow thisaccuracy to be attained. 2.11.41.3 While it is not specifically required that DME be frequency paired with the localizerwhen it is used as an alternative for the outer marker, frequency pairing is preferred wherever DME is usedwith ILS to simplify pilot operation and to enable aircraft with two ILS receivers to use both receivers on theILS channel. 2.11.51.4 When the DME is frequency paired with the localizer, the DME transponderidentification should be obtained by the “associated” signal from the frequency-paired localizer.

3.7.2.2.2 GLONASS receivers used for non-precision approach shall meet the performance objectives withinterference thresholds 3 dB less than specified in Table B-84. For terminal area and en-route steady-state navigationoperations and forDuring initial acquisition of the GLONASS signals prior to steady-state navigation, theGLONASSreceivers shall meet the performance objectives with interference thresholds shall be 6 dB less than those specified inTable B-84. 3.7.3 BAND-LIMITED NOISE-LIKE INTERFERENCE 3.7.3.1 GPS AND SBAS RECEIVERS 3.7.3.1.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GPS and SBAS receivers used for the precisionapproach phase of flight or used on aircraft with on-board satellite communications shall meet the performanceobjectives with noise-like interfering signals present in the frequency range of 1 575.42 MHz ±Bwi/2 and with powerlevels at the antenna port equal to the interference thresholds specified in Table B-85 and shown in Figure B-17 andwith the desired signal level of –164.5–164dBW at the antenna port. Note.—Bwi is the equivalent noise bandwidth of the interference signal. 3.7.3.1.2 GPS and SBAS receivers used for non-precision approach shall meet their performance objectives withinterference thresholds for band limited noise-like signals 3 dB less than specified in Table B-85. For terminal area anden-route steady-state navigation operations and forDuringinitial acquisition of the GPS and SBAS signals prior to steady-statenavigation, theGPS and SBAS receivers shall meet the performance objectives with interference thresholds for bandlimitednoise-like signals shall be 6 dB less than those specified in Table B-85. 3.7.3.2 GLONASS RECEIVERS 3.7.3.2.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GLONASS receivers used for the precisionapproach phase of flight or used on aircraft with on-board satellite communications (except those identified in3.7.3.2.1.1) shall meet the performance objectives while receiving noise-like interfering signals in the frequency band fk±Bwi/2, with power levels at the antenna port equal to the interference thresholds definedspecified in Table B-86 andshown in Figure B-18 and with a desired signal level of –165.5–166.5 dBW at the antenna port. 3.7.3.2.1.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GLONASS receivers used for all phases of flight(excluding those used for the precision approach phase of flight) and put into operation before 1 January 2017 shal lmeet the performance objectives while receiving noise-like interfering signals in the frequency band fk ±Bwi/2, withpower levels at the antenna port 3 dB less than the interference thresholds specified in Table B-86 and shown in FigureB-18 and with a desired signal level of –166.5 dBW at the antenna port. Note.—fk is the centre frequency of a GLONASS channel with fk = 1 602 MHz + k × 0.65250.5625 MHz and k =-7 to +136 as defined in Table B-16 and Bwi is the equivalent noise bandwidth of the interference signal. 3.7.3.2.2 GLONASS receivers used for non-precision approach shall meet their performance objectives withinterference thresholds for band-limited noise-like signals 3 dB less than specified in Table B-85. For terminal area anden-route steady-state navigation operations, and forDuring initial acquisition of theGLONASS signals prior to steady-statenavigation, the GLONASS receivers shall meet the performance objectives with interference thresholds for bandlimited noise like signals shall be 6 dB less than those specified in Table B-86. Note.— For the approach phase of flight it is assumed that the receiver operates in tracking mode and acquires nonew satellites. ... 3.8.3 Polarization. The GNSS antenna polarization shall be right-hand circular (clockwise with respect to thedirection of propagation). 3.8.3.1 The antenna axial ratio shall not exceed 3.0 dB as measured at boresight. ... Table B-85. Interference threshold for band-limited noise-like interferenceto GPS and SBAS receivers used for precision approachin steady-state navigation

Table B-86. Interference threshold for band-limited noise-like interferenceto GLONASS receivers in steady-state navigation

Table B-87. Interference thresholds for pulsed interference

2.11.2 In some locations, the Competent Authority may authorize the use of other means to providefixes as detailed in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) (Doc8168), such as NDB, VOR or GNSS. This may be useful in particular in locations where aircraft userequipage with DME is low, or if the DME is out of service. ... ATTACHMENT 6D. INFORMATION AND MATERIALFOR GUIDANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF THEGNSS STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ... 3.2.9 SBAS and GBAS receivers will be more accurate, and their accuracy will be characterized inreal time by the receiver using standard error models, as described in Chapter 6.3, 6.3.5, for SBAS and Chapter 6.3, 6.3.6, for GBAS. Note 1.— The term “SBAS receiver” designates the GNSS avionics that at least meet the requirementsfor an SBAS receiver as outlined in Annex 10, Volume I and the specifications of RTCA/DO-229CD withChange 1,as amended by United States FAA TSO-C145A/TSOC146A (or equivalent). 4.2.9 GLONASS coordinate system. The GLONASS coordinate system is PZ-90 as described inParameters of Earth, 1990 (PZ-90), published by the Topographic Service, Russian Federation Ministry ofDefence, Moscow. 4.2.9.1 PZ-90 parameters include fundamental geodetic constants, dimensions of the commonterrestrial ellipsoid, the characteristics of the gravitational field of the earth, and the elements of theKrasovsky ellipsoid (coordinate system 1942) orientation relative to the common terrestrial ellipsoid. 4.2.9.2 By definition, the coordinate system PZ-90 is a geocentric Cartesian space system whoseorigin is located at the centre of the earth’s body. The Z-axis is directed to the Conventional Terrestrial Poleas recommended by the International Earth Rotation Service. The X-axis is directed to the point ofintersection of the earth’s equatorial plane and zero meridian established by the Bureau International del’Heure. The Y-axis completes the right-handed coordinate system. 4.2.9.3 Geodetic reference systems WGS 84 and PZ-90 are maintained consistent with theInternational Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). While the current conversion parameters from PZ-90 toWGS 84 are provided in Appendix 6B, 3.2.5.2 the application of previous versions of these parameters is alsoappropriate as long as performance requirements of Chapter 6.3, Table 3.7.2.4-1 for intended operation are met. 4.4 GNSS antenna and receiver 4.4.1 The antenna specifications in Appendix 6B, 3.8, do not control the antenna axial ratio except at boresight. Linear polarization should be assumed for the airborne antenna for GEO signals received at low-elevation angles. Forinstance, if the minimum elevation angle for which a trackable GEO signal needs to be provided is 5 degrees, theantenna should be presumed to be linearly polarized with −2.5 dBil (−5.5 dBic) gain when receiving this signal. Thisshould be taken into account in the GEO link budget in order to ensure that the minimum received RF signal at theantenna port meets the requirements of Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.4.4.3.2. 4.4.1 2 The failures caused by the receiver can have two consequences on navigation system performance whichare the interruption of the information provided to the user or the output of misleading information. Neither of theseevents are accounted for in the signal-in-space requirement. 4.4.23The nominal error of the GNSS aircraft element is determined by receiver noise, interference, andmultipath and tropospheric model residual errors. Specific receiver noise requirements for both the SBAS airbornereceiver and the GBAS airborne receiver include the effect of any interference below the protection mask specified inAppendix 6B, 3.7. The required performance has been demonstrated by receivers that apply narrow correlator spacing orcode smoothing techniques. ... 6.4.1 Minimum GEO signal power level. The minimum aircraft equipment (e.g. RTCA/DO229D with Change1) is required to operate with a minimum signal strength of –164 dBW at the input of the receiverantenna port in thepresence of non-RNSS interference (Appendix 6B, 3.7) and an aggregate RNSS noise density of –173 dBm/Hz. In thepresence of interference, receivers may not have reliable tracking performance for an inputa signal strength at theantenna port below –164 dBW (e.g. with GEO satellites placed in orbit prior to 2014). A GEO that delivers a signalpower below –164 dBW at the output of the standard receiving antenna port at 5-degree elevation on the ground can beused to ensure signal tracking in a service area contained in a coverage area defined by a minimum elevation angle thatis greater than 5 degrees (e.g. 10 degrees). In this case, advantage is taken from the gain characteristic of the standard antenna to perform a trade-off between the GEO signal power and the size of the service area in which a trackable signal needs to be ensured. When planning for the introduction of new operations based on SBAS, States are expected to conduct an assessment of the signal power level as compared to the level interference from RNSS and non-RNSS sources. If the outcome of this analysis indicates that the level of interference is adequate to operate, then operations can be authorized. ... 6.4.3 SBAS convolutional encoding. Information on the convolutional coding and decoding of SBAS messagescan be found in RTCA/DO-229CD with Change 1, Appendix 6A. ... 6.4.5 SBAS signal characteristics. Differences between the relative phase and group delay characteristics of SBAS signals, as compared to GPS signals, can create a relative range bias error in the receiver tracking algorithms.The SBAS service provider is expected to account for this error, as it affects receivers with tracking characteristics within the tracking constraints in Attachment 6D, 8.11. For GEOs for which the on-board RF filter characteristics havebeen published in RTCA/DO229D with Change 1, Appendix T, the SBAS service providers are expected to ensure thatthe UDREs bound the residual errors including the maximum range bias errors specified in RTCA/DO229D with Change 1. For other GEOs, the SBAS service providers are expected to work with equipment manufacturers in order todetermine, through analysis, the maximum range bias errors that can be expected from existing receivers when theyprocess these specific GEOs. This effect can be minimized by ensuring that the GEOs have a wide bandwidth and smallgroup delay across the pass-band. 6.4.6 SBAS pseudo-random noise (PRN) codes. RTCA/DO-229D with Change 1, Appendix 6A, provides twomethods for SBAS PRN code generation. ... 6.5.1 SBAS messages. Due to the limited bandwidth, SBAS data is encoded in messages that are designed tominimize the required data throughput. RTCA/DO-229D with Change 1, Appendix 6A, provides detailed specificationsfor SBAS messages. ... 6.5.4 Tropospheric function. Because tropospheric refraction is a local phenomenon, users will computetheir own tropospheric delay corrections. A tropospheric delay estimate for precision approach is described inRTCA/DO-229CD with Change 1, although other models can be used. ... 8.11.4 For aircraft receivers using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, the precorrelationbandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay are within the ranges defined inTable D-11, except as noted below. 8.11.4.1 For GBAS airborne equipment using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, theprecorrelation bandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay (including thecontribution of the antenna) are within the ranges defined in Table D-11, except that the region 1 minimum bandwidthwill increase to 4 MHz and the average correlator spacing is reduced to an average of 0.21 chips or instantaneous of0.235 chips. 8.11.4.2 For SBAS airborne equipment using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, theprecorrelation bandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay (including thecontribution of the antenna) are within the ranges of the first three regions defined in Table D-11. … Table D-11. GPS tracking constraints for early-late correlators

that reduce the antenna gain in the direction of interference sources without reducing the signal power from satellites. 10.65 Integrity in the presence of interference The requirement that SBAS and GBAS receivers do not output misleading information in the presence of interference is intended to prevent the output of misleading information under unintentional interference scenarios that could arise. It is not intended to specifically address intentional interference. While it is impossible to completely verify this requirement through testing, an acceptable means of compliance can be found in the appropriate receiver Minimum Operational Performance Standards published by RTCA and EUROCAE. ATTACHMENT 6E. GUIDANCE MATERIAL ON THE PRE-FLIGHT CHECKING OF VOR AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT … ATTACHMENT 6F. GUIDANCE MATERIAL CONCERNING RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION AIDS … ATTACHMENT 6G. INFORMATION AND MATERIAL FOR GUIDANCE IN THE APPLICATION FOR MLS STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ... (Insert the following new Attachment H afterexisting Attachment G. ATTACHMENT 6H. STRATEGY FOR RATIONALIZATIONOF CONVENTIONAL RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS AND EVOLUTION TOWARD SUPPORTING PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION (see Chapter 6.2, 6.2.1) 1. Introduction 1.1 The shift from facility-referenced navigation to coordinate-based navigation enabled byperformance-based navigation (PBN) provides significant benefits, in particular by supplying the flexibilityrequired to design airspace and associated routes and procedures according to operational needs. The mostsuitable navigation infrastructure to support PBN is GNSS. Consequently, the role of conventionalnavigation aids is currently evolving towards that of a reversionary terrestrial infrastructure capable ofmaintaining safety and an adequate level of operations in case of unavailability of GNSS (for example due tooutages). During this evolution, terrestrial aids may also enable PBN operations for users not yet equippedwith GNSS. 1.2 The aim of the strategy set out in this Attachment is to provide guidance to States to enable botha rationalization of navigation aids as well as a coordinated evolution towards the provision of areversionary terrestrial infrastructure. This strategy should be considered in particular when deciding oninvestments into new facilities or on facility renewals. The context of this evolution of navigationinfrastructure is described in the Global Air Navigation Plan (Doc 9750). 1.3 The strategy addresses the application of radio navigation aids to both conventional andperformance based navigation in en-route and terminal airspace, as well as their use as non-precisionapproach aids. Detailed guidance on PBN navigation infrastructure requirements is available in thePerformance-based Navigation (PBN) Manual (Doc 9613). Note.— The strategy relating to approach and landing with vertical guidance (APV) and precisionapproach and landing operations is contained in attachment 6B. 2. Objectives of the Strategy The strategy must: a) maintain at least the current safety level of en-route and terminal area navigation operations; b) facilitate the implementation of performance based navigation (PBN); c) maintain global interoperability; d) provide regional flexibility based on coordinated regional planning; e) encourage airspace users to equip with appropriate PBN avionics; and f) take account of economic, operational and technical issues. 3. Considerations 3.1 Operational considerations 3.1.1 The following considerations are based on the assumption that the operational requirements aredefined, that the required resources are committed, and that the required effort is applied. In particular,changes in radio navigation facility provision require associated efforts in airspace planning, proceduredesign, consideration of regulatory aspects and broad consultation with impacted airspace users. 3.2 NDB-related considerations 3.2.1 NDBs serve no role in PBN operation except as a means for position crosschecking andgeneral situational awareness. These minor roles should not lead to the requirement to retain NDB facilities. 3.2.2 Except where no other alternative is available due to constraints in user fleet, financial, terrainor safety limitations: a) the use of NDBs as en-route navigation aids or terminal area markers is generally obsolete; b) NDBs used to support SID/STAR should be replaced by RNAV waypoints; c) NDBs used as locators to assist in ILS intercept operations should be replaced by RNAVwaypoints; d) the use of NDB to support missed approach operations should be discouraged except where localsafety cases require a non-GNSS missed approach capability; and e) NDBs used as a non-precision approach aid should be withdrawn taking the opportunity offeredby the implementation of Assembly Resolution 37-11. 3.3 VOR related considerations 3.3.1 The only PBN navigation specification enabled by VOR, provided a co-located DME ispresent, is RNAV 5. Provision of RNAV 5 based on VOR/DME is subject to significant limitations, sinceintegrated multi-sensor navigation make very little use of VOR/DME, in some cases limiting the range ofuse to 25NM. Also, only very few aircraft operators have a certified RNAV 5 capability which is based onlyon VOR/DME. Consequently, the use of VOR/DME to provide PBN services is discouraged. The onlyexception to this could be to support RNAV 5 routes at or near the bottom of en-route airspace (aboveminimum sector altitude, MSA) where achieving DME/DME coverage is challenging. 3.3.2 In principle, to enable cost savings, VOR facilities should be withdrawn in the context of anoverall PBN plan. No new standalone VOR facilities (e.g., at new locations) should be implemented.However, VORs may be retained to serve the following residual operational purposes: a) as a reversionary navigation capability (for example for general aviation operations, to assist inavoiding airspace infringements); b) to provide navigation, cross-checking and situational awareness, especially for terminal areaoperations (pilot MSA awareness, avoiding premature automatic flight control system arming forILS intercept, aircraft operational contingency procedures such as engine failure on take-off,missed approaches if required by local safety cases), in particular in areas where low altitudeDME/DME coverage is limited; c) for VOR/DME inertial updating where DME/DME updating is not available; d) for non-precision approaches as long as users are not equipped for RNP approaches and if noother suitable means of precision approach is available; e) for conventional SID/STAR to serve non-PBN-capable aircraft; f) as required to support the operations of State aircraft; andg) to support procedural separation (as detailed in Doc 4444). 3.3.3 In order to provide DME-based RNAV capabilities, those locations which are retained for VORshould normally also be equipped with a co-located DME. 3.3.4 It is expected that adherence to the above principles should enable a decrease of the currentnumber of facilities by 50% or more in areas which support high densities of traffic. To achieve such results,States should develop a rationalization plan, taking into account the service age, all uses and operationalroles of their facilities. This normally requires significant coordination with airspace users. Therationalization plan should be an integral part of the PBN implementation plan. Experience has shown thatthe associated project effort amounts to less expense than the replacement and refurbishment of a singleVOR facility. The rationalization planning for VOR is also an important input into the evolution planningfor DME. 3.4 DME-related considerations 3.4.1 DME/DME fully supports PBN operations based on the RNAV 1, RNAV 2 and RNAV 5navigation specifications. Consequently, DME/DME (for equipped aircraft) is the most suitable currentterrestrial PBN capability. DME/DME provides a fully redundant capability to GNSS for RNAVapplications, and a suitable reversionary capability for RNP applications requiring an accuracy performanceof ±1NM (95%) laterally, where supported by an adequate DME infrastructure.

Figure B-15. CW interference thresholds for GPS and SBAS receivers used forprecision approachin steady-state navigation

... (Replace Figure B-17 with the figure below.)

Note.— While some aircraft are certified to provide RNP based on DME/DME, the ability of DME toprovide RNP on a general basis is currently under investigation. ...

10.2 Specification of the interference threshold at the antenna port

The indications of the interference threshold levels are referenced to the antenna port. In this context, the term “antennaport” means the interface between the antenna and the GNSS receiver where the satellite signal power corresponds tothe nominal minimum received signal power of –164.5 dBW for GPS and –165.5 dBW for GLONASS. Due to thereduced distance from potential interference sources, GNSS receivers that are used for the approach phase of flightmust have a higher interference threshold than receivers that are only used for en-route navigation. (Renumber sections 10.3 – 10.6 to reflect the deletionof section 10.2.) ... 10.32In-band interference sources A potential source of in-band harmful interference is Fixed Service operation in certain States. There is a primary allocation to the fixed service for point-to-point microwave links in certain States in the frequency band used by GPS and GLONASS. Figure B-17. Interference thresholdsversus bandwidth for GPS and SBAS receivers … (Replace Figure B-18 with the figure below.)

10.43 Out-of-bandinterference sources Potential sources of out-of-band interference include harmonics and spurious emissions of aeronautical VHF and UHF transmitters. Out-of-band noise, discrete spurious products and intermodulation products from radio and TV broadcasts can also cause interference problems. 10.54 Aircraft generated sources 10.54.1 The potential for harmful interference to GPS and GLONASS on an aircraft depends on the type of aircraft, its size and the transmitting equipment installed. The GNSS antenna location should take into account the possibility of onboard interference (mainly SATCOM). 10.54.2 GNSS receivers that are used on board aircraft with SATCOM equipment must have a higher interference threshold in the frequency range between 1 610 MHz and 1 626.5 MHz than receivers on board aircraft without SATCOM equipment. Therefore, specifications for the interference threshold discriminate between both cases. Note.— Limits for radiated SATCOM aircraft earth stations are given in CAR-ANS Part 7.4, 7.4.2.3.5.

3.4.2 States are encouraged to plan the evolution of their DME infrastructure by considering thefollowing: a) Where a terrestrial navigation reversion capability is required, a DME network capable ofsupporting DME/DME navigation should be provided, where possible; b) the DME network design should consider cost savings opportunities whenever possible, such asthe withdrawal from a site if an associated VOR is removed, or the possibility to efficiently setup new DME stand-alone sites where other ANSP CNS assets are located; c) the DME network design should attempt to fill any gaps and provide coverage to as low altitudesas operationally useful without leading to excessive new facilities investments; d) if satisfactory DME/DME coverage cannot be achieved, States may consider requiring INSequipage from airspace users to bridge gaps in coverage; e) ANSPs should take maximum advantage of cross-border and military facilities (TACAN),provided the necessary agreements can be put in place; and f) the frequency assignment of new DME stations should avoid the GNSS L5/E5 band (1 164 –1 215 MHz) in areas of high DME station density, if possible. 3.4.3 If the above principles are adhered to, it is expected that the density of DME stations in a givenarea should become more uniform. In other words, the number of facilities in areas of high station densitywill be reduced, whereas it may need to be increased in areas of low station density. 3.4.4 It is recognized that in some areas, the provision of DME/DME navigation is not possible orpractical, such as at very low altitudes, in terrain constrained environments, or on small islands and areasover water. It should also be noted that some FMS exclude the use of ILS-associated DMEs. As a consequence, it is not possible to ensure consistent DME/DME service to all DME/DME equipped usersbased on ILS-associated DMEs, and thus those facilities cannot be used to provide such service (regardlessof whether they are published in the en-route section of the AIP or not). 3.5 Multi-sensor airborne navigation capability considerations 3.5.1 It is recognized that:

Figure B-18. Interference thresholds versus bandwidth forGLONASS receivers ...

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10.54.3 The principal mitigation techniques for on-board interference include shielding, filtering, receiver design techniques, and, especially on larger aircraft, physical separation of antennas, transmitters and cabling. Receiver design techniques include the use of adaptive filters and interference cancellation techniques that mitigate against narrow inband interference. Antenna design techniques include adaptive null steering antennas

a) until all airspace users are both equipped and approved with suitable GNSSbased PBNcapabilities, terrestrial navigation aids must be provided either to support conventionalprocedures or to support DME/DME-based PBN capabilities;

CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Manila

Standard

THURSDAY, MARCH 22, 2018

TODAY

b) once all airspace users are both equipped and approved with suitable GNSS-based PBNcapabilities, terrestrial navigation aids may need to be provided to mitigate the risks associatedwith GNSS outages; c) it may not be practical or cost-efficient for some airspace users to equip with DME/ DME-basedand/or INS-based PBN capabilities; and d) a review of flight plan filings can be an efficient tool to analyze user fleet equipage status;however, actual equipage and approval status may need to be confirmed by the aircraft operator. 3.6 Other considerations 3.6.1 The evolution of terrestrial navigation infrastructure must be accompanied by the developmentof corresponding operational reversion scenarios. Operational requirements must be balanced with regard towhat is possible at reasonable cost, while ensuring safety. In particular, coverage requirements at lowaltitude can be associated with significant facility cost. Leveraging airspace user capabilities, such as INS, aswell as other CNS capabilities (surveillance and communication service coverage and associated ATCcapabilities) must be considered to the maximum extent practicable, including common mode failures. Insome airspaces, it may not be possible to cater to all airspace user equipage levels and, as a consequence,some airspace users may become subject to operational restrictions. 3.6.2 Some States with a high traffic density environment have identified DME/DME as their mainPBN reversion capability (providing either a fully redundant or a degraded level of performance). TheseStates then also plan to provide a residual VOR or VOR/DME infrastructure network to cater to users whichhave a PBN capability exclusively enabled by GNSS or to those without an adequate PBN capability.Operational procedures associated with the use of such reversion capabilities are under development. 3.6.3 It must be noted that the use of the term “network” in this strategy refers only to navigationfacilities assessed on a regional scale, and it does not refer to a network of routes or a particular airspacedesign. In high-density airspace, it is considered impractical to provide an alternate, conventional back-uproute network, once the transition to a fully PBN-based route network has been achieved.

... 6.3.7.3.2.5.4 Signal power level. Each GLONASS satellite shall broadcast CSA navigation signalswith sufficient power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite isobserved at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the antenna port of a 3 dBi linearly polarized antenna is within the range of –161 dBW to –155.2 dBW for allantenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation. ... Note 2.— GLONASS-M satellites will also broadcast a ranging code on L2 with sufficient powersuch that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at an elevationangle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the antenna port of a 3 dBilinearly polarized antenna is not less then –167 dBW for all antenna orientations orthogonal to the directionof propagation. … 6.3.7.3.4 Satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) ... 6.3.7.3.4.4.3 SBAS satellite-signal power level 6.3.7.3.4.4.3.1 Each SBAS satellite placed in orbit before 1 January 2014 shall broadcast navigationsignals with sufficient power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satelliteis observed at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the antenna port of a 3 dBi linearly polarized antenna is within the range of –161 dBW to –153 dBW for allantenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation. 6.3.7.3.4.4.3.2 Each SBAS satellite placed in orbit after 31 December 2013 shall comply with thefollowing requirements: a) The satellite shall broadcast navigation signals with sufficient power such that, at all unobstructedlocations near the ground from which the satellite is observed at or above theminimum elevation angle forwhich a trackable GEO signal needs to be provided, the level of the received RF signal at the antennaport of the antenna specified in Appendix B, Table B-88, is at least –164.0 dBW. b) The minimum elevation angle used to determine GEOcoverage shall not be less than 5 degrees for a user near the ground.

3.6.4 In a few limited cases it may not be possible to provide the same level of benefits through theapplication of PBN as is possible when using conventional navigation capabilities, due to procedure designlimitations or other aspects such as terrain constrained environments. States are invited to bring these casesto the attention of ICAO.

c) The level of a received SBAS RF signal at the antenna port of a 0 dBicantenna located near the ground shall not exceed –152.5 dBW.

4. Strategy 4.1 Based on the considerations above, the need to consult aircraft operators and internationalorganizations, and to ensure safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the proposed solutions, the globalstrategy is to:

6.3.7.3.4.4.4 Polarization. The broadcast signal shall be right-hand circularly polarized. ...

a) rationalize NDB and VOR and associated procedures; b) align rationalization planning with equipment lifecycles and PBN implementation planning; c) replace approaches without vertical guidance with vertically guided approaches;

d) The ellipticity of the broadcast signal shall be no worse than 2 dB for the angular range of ±9.1°from boresight.

APPENDIX 6B. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FORTHE GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) ... 3.2.5.2 CONVERSION BETWEEN PZ-90 AND WGS-84 3.2.5.2.1 The following conversion parameters should be used to obtain position coordinates in WGS-84 (version G1674) from position coordinates in PZ-90 (Version PZ90.11):

d) where a terrestrial navigation reversion capability is required, evolve the existing DMEinfrastructure towards providing a PBN infrastructure complementary to GNSS; e) provide a residual capability based on VOR (or VOR/DME if possible) to cater to airspace usersnot equipped with suitable DME/DME avionics, where required; and f) enable each region to develop an implementation strategy for these systems in line with theglobal strategy. — END — AMENDED REGULATION AFTER REVISION: CAR-ANS PART 6: … 6. 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS 6.2.1 Standard radio navigation aids ... Note 2.— It is intended that introduction and application of radio navigation aids to support precisionapproach and landing operations will be in accordance with the strategy shown in Attachment 6B. It isintended that rationalization of conventional radio navigation aids and evolution toward supportingperformance-based navigation will be in accordance with the strategy shown in Attachment 6H. ... 6.3. SPECIFICATIONS FOR RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS ... 6.3.1 Specification for ILS ... 6.3.1.2 Basic requirements 6.3.1.2.1 The ILS shall comprise the following basic components: a) VHF localizer equipment, associated monitor system, remote control and indicator equipment;

3.3.1.4.1 GPS/GLONASS receivers shall solve for the time offset between the core constellations asan additional unknown parameter in the navigation solution and not only rely on the time offset broadcast inthe navigation messages. ... 3.5 Satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) ... 3.5.4.2 Geostationary orbit (GEO) ranging function parameters. GEO ranging function parametersshall be as follows: ... User range accuracy (URA): an indicator of the root-mean-square ranging error, excluding atmospheric effects, asdescribed in Table B-26. Note.— All parameters are broadcast in Type 9 message.

3.5.8.4.2.3 The receiver shall use a weighted-least-squares position solution.

3.5.8.4.2.45 The receiver shall compute and apply horizontal and vertical protection levels defined in 3.5.5.6. In this computation, σi,tropo shall be:

whereθi is the elevation angle of the ith satellite. In addition, σi,air shall satisfy the condition that a normal distribution with zero mean and a standard deviation equal to σi,airbounds the error distribution for residual aircraft pseudorange errors as follows:

fni(x) = probability density function of the residual aircraft pseudo-range error and

Table B-26. User range accuracy

Note.— The standard allowance for airborne multipath defined in 3.6.5.5.1 may be used to bound the multipatherrors. 3.5.8.4.2.6 The parameters that define the approach path for a single precision approach or APV shall becontained in the FAS data block. ... 3.5.8.4.2.6.1 FAS data block parameters shall be as follows (see Table B-57A): ... 3.5.8.4.2.6.2 For precision approach and APV operations, the service provider ID broadcast Type 17 messageshall be identical to the service provider ID in the FAS data block, except if ID equals 15 in the FAS data block. Note.— If the service provider ID in the FAS data block equals 15, then any service provider can be used. If theservice provider ID in the FAS data block equals 14, then SBAS precise differential corrections cannot be used for theapproach. ... 3.5.5.4 Range rate corrections (RRC). The range rate correction for satellite iis:

6.3.1.2.1.3 Facility Performance Categories I, II and III — ILS shall provide indications at designatedremote control points of the operational status of all ILS ground system components, as follows: ... 6.3.1.7 VHF marker beacons

3.5.8.4.2.6.3SBAS FAS data points accuracy. The survey error of all the FAS data points, relative toWGS-84, shall be less than 0.25 metres vertical and 1 metre horizontal. 3.5.8.4.3 Departure, en-route, terminal, and non-precision approach operations 3.5.8.4.3.1 The receiver shall compute and apply long-term corrections, fast corrections and range ratecorrections. 3.5.8.4.3.2 The receiver shall compute and apply ionospheric corrections.

where

Note.— Two methods of computing ionospheric corrections are provided in 3.1.2.4 and 3.5.5.5.2.

FCi, current = the most recent fast correction; FCi,previous= a previous fast correction; ti,0f = the time of applicability of FCi,current; ti,0f previous = the time of applicability of FCi,previous; and ai = fast correction degradation factor (see Table B-34). ...

3.5.8.4.3.3 The receiver shall apply a tropospheric model such that residual pseudorange errors have a meanvalue (μ) less than 0.15 metres and a standard deviation less than 0.07 metres.

3.5.5.6.3.1 Broadcast ionospheric corrections. If SBAS-based ionospheric corrections are applied, σ2

3.5.8.4.3.4 The receiver shall compute and apply horizontal and vertical protection levels as defined in 3.5.5.6. In this computation, σtropo shall be obtained either from the formula in 3.5.8.4.2.5, which can be used for elevationangles not less than 4 degrees, or from the alternate formula below, which can be used for elevation angles not less than2 degrees.

UIRE

is:

Note.— A model was developed that meets this requirement. Guidance is provided in Attachment D, 6.5.4.

whereθi is the elevation angle of the ith satellite.

6.3.1.7.3.1 The marker beacon system shall be adjusted to provide coverage over the followingdistances, measured on the ILS glide path and localizer course line:

c) outer marker: 600 m plus or minus 200 m (2 000 ft plus or minus 650 ft).

3.5.8.4.2.2 The receiver shall compute and apply long-term corrections, fast corrections, range rate correctionsand the broadcast ionospheric corrections. For GLONASS satellites, the ionospheric corrections received from theSBAS shall be multiplied by the square of the ratio of GLONASS to GPS frequencies (fGLONASS/fGPS)2.

Note.— A model was developed that meets this requirement. Guidance is provided in Attachment 6D, 6.7.36.5.4.

6.3.1.2.1.2 If one or more VHF marker beacons are used to provide distance to threshold information,the equipment shall conform to the specifications in 6.3.1.7. If DME is used in lieu of marker beacons, theequipment shall conform to the specifications in 6.3.1.7.6.5.

b) middle marker: 300 m plus or minus 100 m (1 000 ft plus or minus 325 ft);

3.5.8.1.2.7 In the event of a loss of four successive SBAS messages during an SBASbased approach operationwith a HAL of 40 m or a VAL of 50 m or less, the receiver shall invalidate all UDREI data from that SBAS satellite. ... 3.5.8.4.1 Core satellite constellation(s) ranging accuracy. The root-mean-square (1 sigma) of the total airborne contribution to the error in a corrected pseudo-range for a GPS satellite at the minimum and maximum received signalpower level (Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.1.5.4) under the worst interference environment as defined in 6.3.7 shall be less than orequal to 0.36metres for minimum signal level and 0.15 metresfor maximum signal level, excluding multipatheffects, tropospheric and ionospheric residual errors. The RMS of the total airborne contribution to the error in a corrected pseudo-range for a GLONASS satellite at the minimum received signal power level (CAR-ANS 6.3, 6.3.2.5.4) under the worst interference environment as defined in 3.7 shall be less than or equal to 0.8 metres, excluding multipath effects, tropospheric and ionospheric residual errors. ... 3.5.8.4.2 Precision approach and APV operations

3.3.1.3.1 The GLONASS satellite position, obtained in PZ-90 coordinate frame, should be converted to account for the differences between WGS-84 and PZ-90, as defined in 3.2.5.2. ... 3.3.1.4 GPS/GLONASS time. When combining measurements from GLONASS and GPS, thedifference between GLONASS time and GPS time shall be taken into account.

6.3.1.2.1.1Distance to threshold information to enable glide path verification checks shall be provided by either VHF marker beacons or distance measuring equipment (DME), together with associated monitor systems and remote control and indicator equipment.

a) inner marker: 150 m plus or minus 50 m (500 ft plus or minus 160 ft);

3.5.8.1.2.6 The receiver shall apply satellite-specific degradation to the σi,UDRE2 as defined by a Type 28 clock-ephemeriscovariance matrix message. The δUDRE derived from a Type 28 message with an IODP matching that of thePRN mask shall be applied immediately.

3.5.8.4.2.4 The receiver shall apply a tropospheric model such that residual pseudorange errors have a meanvalue (μ) less than 0.15 metres and a 1 sigma deviation less than 0.07 metres.

Note.— The Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) (Doc 8168)provide guidance on the conduct of glide path verification checks.

6.3.1.7.1 General a) There shall be two marker beacons in each installation except where, in theopinion of the Competent Authority, a single marker beacon is considered to be sufficient. A thirdmarker beacon may be added whenever, in the opinion of the Competent Authority, an additionalbeacon is required because of operational procedures at a particular site. b) A marker beacons shall conform to the requirements prescribed in 6.3.1.7. When the installationcomprises only two marker beacons, the requirements applicable to the middle marker and to theouter marker shall be complied with. When the installation comprises only one marker beacon, therequirements applicable to either the middle or the outer marker shall be complied with. If markerbeacons are replaced by DME, the requirements of 6.3.1.7.6.5 shall apply. c) The marker beacons shall produce radiation patterns to indicate predetermined distance from thethreshold along the ILS glide path. ... 6.3.1.7.3 Coverage

3.3.1.3 Conversion between coordinate systems. Position information provided by a combined GPSand GLONASS receiver shall be expressed in WGS-84 earth coordinates.

c) an appropriatemeans to enable glide path verification checks.

Note.— Requirements relating to marker beacons apply only when one or more marker beacons areInstalled.

3.5.7.7.2.5 SBAS shall raise an alarm within 5.2 seconds if any combination of active data and GNSSsignals-in-space results in an out-of-tolerance condition for precision approach (3.5.7.5.1). ... 3.5.7.7.2.6 SBAS shall raise an alarm within 8 seconds if any combination of active data and GNSS signals-in-spaceresults in an out-of-tolerance condition for en-route through APV I (3.5.7.4.1).

3.5.8.4.2.1 The receiver shall obtain correction and integrity data for all satellites in the position solution fromthe same SBAS signal (PRN code).

b) UHF glide path equipment, associated monitor system, remote control and indicator equipment;

Note.— Guidance material relative to the use of DME and/or other standard radio navigation aids asan alternative to the marker beacon is contained in Attachment 6C, 6.2.11.

using the same ionospheric pierce point weights (Wn) and grid points selected for the ionospheric correction (3.5.5.5).

In addition, σi,air shall satisfy the condition that a normal distribution with zero mean and standard deviation equal to σi,air bounds the error distribution for residual aircraft pseudorange errors as follows:

If degradation parameters are used, for each grid point:

... 6.3.1.7.4 Modulation where fni(x) = probability density function of the residual aircraft pseudo-range error and

6.3.1.7.4.1 The modulation frequencies shall be as follows: a) inner marker: 3 000 Hz; b) middle marker: 1 300 Hz;

where

c) outer marker: 400 Hz. ...

Note.— The standard allowance for airborne multipath defined in 3.6.5.5.1 may be used to bound the multipatherrors. ... 3.7 Resistance to interference

6.3.1.7.5 Identification 6.3.1.7.5.1 The carrier energy shall not be interrupted. The audio frequency modulation shall be keyedas follows: a) inner marker 6 dots per second continuously; b) middle marker: a continuous series of alternate dots and dashes, the dashes keyed at the rate of2 dashes per second, and the dots at the rate of 6 dots per second; c) outer marker: 2 dashes per second continuously. These keying rates shall be maintained to within plus or minus 15 per cent.

If degradation parameters are not used, for each grid point: σn,ionogrid= σn,GIVE Note.— For GLONASS satellites, both σGIVE and -εiono parameters are to bemultiplied by the square of theratio of the GLONASS to the GPS frequencies (fGLONASS/fGPS)2. ... 3.5.7.1.2 SBAS radio frequency monitoring. The SBAS shall monitor the SBAS satellite parameters shown in Table B-55 and take the indicated action. ... Table B-55. SBAS radio frequency monitoring

6.3.1.7.6 Siting 6.3.1.7.6.1 The inner markershall be located so as to indicate in low visibilityconditions the imminence of arrival at the runway threshold.

6.3.7.3.1 GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS) (L1) ... 6.3.7.3.1.7.4 Signal power level. Each GPS satellite shall broadcast SPS navigation signals withsufficient power such that, at all unobstructed locations near the ground from which the satellite isobserved at an elevation angle of 5 degrees or higher, the level of the received RF signal at the antenna port of a 3 dBi linearly-polarized antenna is within the range of –158.5 dBW to –153 dBW for allantenna orientations orthogonal to the direction of propagation. ... 6.3.7.3.2 GLONASS Channel of Standard Accuracy (CSA) (L1)

Note 1.— For unaugmented GPS and GLONASS receivers the resistance to interference is measured with respectto the following performance parameters: GPS GLONASS Tracking error (1 0.36 m 0.8 m sigma) ... Note 6.— The performance requirements are to be met in the interference environments defined below This defined interference environment is relaxed during initial acquisition of GNSS signals when the receiver cannot take advantage of a steady-state navigation solution to aid signal acquisition. 3.7.2.1 GPS AND SBAS RECEIVERS 3.7.2.1.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GPS and SBAS receivers shall meet the performanceobjectives with CW interfering signals present with a power level at the antenna port equal to the interferencethresholds specified in Table B-83 and shown in Figure B-15 and with a desired signal level of 164dBW at theantenna port.

6.3.1.7.6.1.1If the radiation pattern is vertical, the inner marker should be located between 75 m (250 ft) and 450 m (1 500 ft) from the threshold and at not more than 30 m (100 ft) from the extended centre line of the runway. ... 6.3.7 Requirements for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Axial ratio.The ratio, expressed in decibels, between the maximum output power and the minimum outputpower of an antenna to an incident linearly polarized wave as the polarization orientation is varied overalldirections perpendicular to the direction of propagation. ... 6.3.7.3 GNSS elements specifications

OBJECTIVES

3.7.2 CONTINUOUS WAVE (CW) INTERFERENCE

6.3.7.1 Definitions ... Antenna port.A point where the received signal power is specified. For an active antenna, the antenna portis a fictitious point between the antenna elements and the antenna pre-amplifier. For a passive antenna, theantenna port is the output of the antenna itself.

3.7.1 PERFORMANCE

3.7.2.1.2 During initial acquisition of GPS and SBAS signals prior to steadystate navigation, GPS andSBAS receivers shall meet the performance objectives withinterference thresholds 6 dB less than thosespecified in Table B-83. Table B-83. CW interference thresholds for GPS and SBAS receiversin steadystate navigation

... 3.5.7.3.2 PRN mask and Issue of data — PRN (IODP). SBAS shall broadcast a PRN mask and IODP (Type 1message). The PRN mask values shall indicate whether or not data are being provided for each GNSS satellite. TheIODP shall change when there is a change in the PRN mask. The change of IODP in Type 1 messages shall occurbefore the IODP changes in any other message. The IODP in Type 2 to 5, 7, 24, 25 and 28 messages shall equal theIODP broadcast in the PRN mask message (Type 1 message) used to designate the satellites for which data are provided in that message. ... 3.5.7.5.1 Performance of precise differential correction function. Given any valid combination ofactive data, the probability of an out-of-tolerance condition for longer than the relevant time-to-alert shall beless than 2 × 10–7 during any approach, assuming a user with zero latency. The time-to-alert shall be 5.2seconds for an SBAS that supportsprecision approach operations, and 8 seconds for an SBASthat supports APV or NPA operations. An out-of-tolerance condition shall be defined as a horizontal errorexceeding the HPLSBAS or a vertical error exceeding the VPLSBAS (as defined in 3.5.5.6). When an out-oftolerancecondition is detected, the resulting alert message (broadcast in a Type 2 to 5 and 6, 24, 26 or 27messages) shall be repeated three times after the initial notification of the alert condition for a total of fourtimes in 4 seconds. ...

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Standard

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3.7.2.2 GLONASS RECEIVERS 3.7.2.2.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GLONASS receivers (except those identified in3.7.2.2.1.1) shall meet the performance objectives with CW interfering signals present with a power level at the antennaport equal to the interference thresholds specified in Table B-84 and shown in Figure B-16 and with a desired signallevel –166.5dBW at the antenna port. 3.7.2.2.1.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GLONASS receivers used for all phases of flight(excluding those used for the precision approach phase of flight) and put into operation before 1 January 2017 shallmeet the performance objectives with CW interfering signals present with a power level at the antenna port 3 dB lessthan the interference thresholds specified in Table B-84 and shown in Figure B-16 and with a desired signal level of –166.5 dBW at the antenna port. Table B-84.CWinterference thresholds for GLONASS receivers in steady-state navigation

Note 1.—The term “SBAS receiver” designates the GNSS avionics that at least meet the requirementsfor an SBAS receiver as outlined in Annex 10, Volume I and the specifications of RTCA/DO-229D withChange 1, (or equivalent). ... 4.2.9 GLONASS coordinate system. The GLONASS coordinate system is PZ-90 as described inParameters of Earth, 1990 (PZ-90), published by the Topographic Service, Russian Federation Ministry ofDefence, Moscow. 4.2.9.1 PZ-90 parameters include fundamental geodetic constants, dimensions of the commonterrestrial ellipsoid, the characteristics of the gravitational field of the earth, and the elements of theKrasovsky ellipsoid (coordinate system 1942) orientation relative to the common terrestrial ellipsoid. 4.2.9.2 By definition, the coordinate system PZ-90 is a geocentric Cartesian space system whoseorigin is located at the centre of the earth’s body. The Z-axis is directed to the Conventional Terrestrial Poleas recommended by the International Earth Rotation Service. The X-axis is directed to the point ofintersection of the earth’s equatorial plane and zero meridian established by the Bureau International del’Heure. The Y-axis completes the right-handed coordinate system. 4.2.9.3 Geodetic reference systems WGS 84 and PZ-90 are maintained consistent with theInternational Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). While the current conversion parameters from PZ-90 toWGS 84 are provided in Appendix 6B, 3.2.5.2 the application of previous versions of these parameters is alsoappropriate as long as performance requirements of CAR-ANS 6.3, Table 3.7.2.4-1 for intended operation aremet. ... 4.4 GNSS antenna and receiver 4.4.1 The antenna specifications in Appendix 6B, 3.8, do not control the antenna axial ratio except at boresight. Linear polarization should be assumed for the airborne antenna for GEO signals received at low-elevation angles. Forinstance, if the minimum elevation angle for which a trackable GEO signal needs to be provided is 5 degrees, theantenna should be presumed to be linearly polarized with −2.5 dBil (−5.5 dBic) gain when receiving this signal. Thisshould be taken into account in the GEO link budget in order to ensure that the minimum received RF signal at theantenna port meets the requirements of Chapter 6.3, 6.3.7.3.4.4.3.2.

3.7.2.2.2 During initial acquisition of the GLONASS signals prior to steady-state navigation, GLONASSreceivers shall meet the performance objectives with interference thresholds 6 dB less than those specified inTable B-84. 3.7.3 BAND-LIMITED NOISE-LIKE INTERFERENCE 3.7.3.1 GPS AND SBAS RECEIVERS 3.7.3.1.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GPS and SBAS receivers shall meet the performanceobjectives with noise-like interfering signals present in the frequency range of 1 575.42 MHz ±Bwi/2 and with powerlevels at the antenna port equal to the interference thresholds specified in Table B-85 and shown in Figure B-17 andwith the desired signal level of–164dBW at the antenna port. Note.—Bwi is the equivalent noise bandwidth of the interference signal. 3.7.3.1.2 During initial acquisition of the GPS and SBAS signals prior to steadystatenavigation, GPS and SBAS receivers shall meet the performance objectives with interference thresholds 6 dB less than those specified in Table B-85 3.7.3.2 GLONASS RECEIVERS 3.7.3.2.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GLONASS receivers (except those identified in3.7.3.2.1.1) shall meet the performance objectives while receiving noise-like interfering signals in the frequency band fk±Bwi/2, with power levels at the antenna port equal to the interference thresholds specified in Table B-86 andshown in Figure B-18 and with a desired signal level of –166.5dBW at the antenna port. 3.7.3.2.1.1 After steady-state navigation has been established, GLONASS receivers used for all phases of flight(excluding those used for the precision approach phase of flight) and put into operation before 1 January 2017 shallmeet the performance objectives while receiving noise-like interfering signals in the frequency band fk ±Bwi/2, withpower levels at the antenna port 3 dB less than the interference thresholds specified in Table B-86 and shown in FigureB-18 and with a desired signal level of –166.5 dBW at the antenna port. Note.—fk is the centre frequency of a GLONASS channel with fk = 1 602 MHz + k × 0.5625 MHz and k =-7 to +6 as defined in Table B-16 and Bwi is the equivalent noise bandwidth of the interference signal. 3.7.3.2.2 During initial acquisition of the GLONASS signals prior to steady-state navigation, the GLONASS receivers shall meet the performance objectives with interference thresholds 6 dB less than those specified in Table B-86. … 3.8.3 Polarization. The GNSS antenna polarization shall be right-hand circular (clockwise with respect to thedirection of propagation). 3.8.3.1 The antenna axial ratio shall not exceed 3.0 dB as measured at boresight. ... Table B-85. Interference threshold for band-limited noise-like interferenceto GPS and SBAS receivers in steady-state navigation

Table B-86. Interference threshold for band-limited noise-like interferenceto GLONASS receivers in steady-state navigation

Table B-87. Interference thresholds for pulsed interference

4.4.2 The failures caused by the receiver can have two consequences on navigation system performance whichare the interruption of the information provided to the user or the output of misleading information. Neither of theseevents are accounted for in the signal-in-space requirement. 4.4.3 The nominal error of the GNSS aircraft element is determined by receiver noise, interference, andmultipath and tropospheric model residual errors. Specific receiver noise requirements for both the SBAS airbornereceiver and the GBAS airborne receiver include the effect of any interference below the protection mask specified inAppendix 6B, 3.7. The required performance has been demonstrated by receivers that apply narrow correlator spacing orcode smoothing techniques. ... 6.4.1 Minimum GEO signal power level. The minimum aircraft equipment (e.g. RTCA/DO229D with Change1) is required to operate with a minimum signal strength of –164 dBW at the antenna port in thepresence of non-RNSS interference (Appendix 6B, 3.7) and an aggregate RNSS noise density of –173 dBm/Hz. In thepresence of interference, receivers may not have reliable tracking performance for a signal strength at theantenna port below –164 dBW (e.g. with GEO satellites placed in orbit prior to 2014). A GEO that delivers a signalpower below –164 dBW at the receiving antenna port at 5-degree elevation on the ground can beused to ensure signal tracking in a service area contained in a coverage area defined by a minimum elevation angle thatis greater than 5 degrees (e.g. 10 degrees). In this case, advantage is taken from the gain characteristic of the standard antenna to perform a trade-off between the GEO signal power and the size of the service area in which a trackable signal needs to be ensured. When planning for the introduction of new operations based on SBAS, States are expected to conduct an assessment of the signal power level as compared to the level interference from RNSS and non-RNSS sources. If the outcome of this analysis indicates that the level of interference is adequate to operate, then operations can be authorized. ... 6.4.3 SBAS convolutional encoding. Information on the convolutional coding and decoding of SBAS messagescan be found in RTCA/DO-229D with Change 1, Appendix 6A. ... 6.4.5 SBAS signal characteristics. Differences between the relative phase and group delay characteristics ofSBAS signals, as compared to GPS signals, can create a relative range bias error in the receiver tracking algorithms.The SBAS service provider is expected to account for this error, as it affects receivers with tracking characteristicswithin the tracking constraints in Attachment 6D, 8.11. For GEOs for which the on-board RF filter characteristics havebeen published in RTCA/DO229D with Change 1, Appendix T, the SBAS service providers are expected to ensure thatthe UDREs bound the residual errors including the maximum range bias errors specified in RTCA/DO229D with Change 1. For other GEOs, the SBAS service providers are expected to work with equipment manufacturers in order todetermine, through analysis, the maximum range bias errors that can be expected from existing receivers when theyprocess these specific GEOs. This effect can be minimized by ensuring that the GEOs have a wide bandwidth and smallgroup delay across the pass-band. 6.4.6 SBAS pseudo-random noise (PRN) codes. RTCA/DO-229D with Change 1, Appendix 6A, provides twomethods for SBAS PRN code generation. ... 6.5.1 SBAS messages. Due to the limited bandwidth, SBAS data is encoded in messages that are designed tominimize the required data throughput. RTCA/DO-229D with Change 1, Appendix 6A, provides detailed specificationsfor SBAS messages. ... 6.5.4 Tropospheric function. Because tropospheric refraction is a local phenomenon, users will computetheir own tropospheric delay corrections. A tropospheric delay estimate for precision approach is described inRTCA/DO-229D with Change 1, although other models can be used. ... 6.11.4 For aircraft receivers using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, the precorrelationbandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay are within the ranges defined inTable D-11, except as noted below. … 8.11.4.1 For GBAS airborne equipment using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, theprecorrelation bandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay (including thecontribution of the antenna) are within the ranges defined in Table D-11, except that the region 1 minimum bandwidthwill increase to 4 MHz and the average correlator spacing is reduced to an average of 0.21 chips or instantaneous of0.235 chips. 8.11.4.2 For SBAS airborne equipment using early-late correlators and tracking GPS satellites, theprecorrelation bandwidth of the installation, the correlator spacing and the differential group delay (including thecontribution of the antenna) are within the ranges of the first three regions defined in Table D-11. ... Table D-11. GPS tracking constraints for early-late correlators

... 10.2 In-band interference sources A potential source of in-band harmful interference is Fixed Service operation in certain States. There is a primary allocation to the fixed service for point-to-point microwave links in certain States in the frequency band used by GPS and GLONASS.

...

10.3Out-of-bandinterference sources Potential sources of out-of-band interference include harmonics and spurious emissions of aeronautical VHF and UHF transmitters. Out-of-band noise, discrete spurious products and intermodulation products from radio and TV broadcasts can also cause interference problems. 10.4 Aircraft generated sources 10.4.1 The potential for harmful interference to GPS and GLONASS on an aircraft depends on the type of aircraft, its size and the transmitting equipment installed. The GNSS antenna location should take into account the possibility of onboard interference (mainly SATCOM).

Figure B-15. CW interference thresholds for GPS and SBAS receivers in steadystate navigation

10.4.2 GNSS receivers that are used on board aircraft with SATCOM equipment must have a higher interference threshold in the frequency range between 1 610 MHz and 1 626.5 MHz than receivers on board aircraft without SATCOM equipment. Therefore, specifications for the interference threshold discriminate between both cases. Note.— Limits for radiated SATCOM aircraft earth stations are given in CAR-ANS Part 7.4, 7.4.2.3.5. 10.4.3 The principal mitigation techniques for on-board interference include shielding, filtering, receiver design techniques, and, especially on larger aircraft, physical separation of antennas, transmitters and cabling. Receiver design techniques include the use of adaptive filters and interference cancellation techniques that mitigate against narrow inband interference. Antenna design techniques include adaptive null steering antennas that reduce the antenna gain in the direction of interference sources without reducing the signal power from satellites.

Figure B-17. Interference thresholds versus bandwidth for GPS and SBAS receivers

Figure B-18. Interference thresholds versus bandwidth forGLONASS receivers ... ATTACHMENT 6C. INFORMATION AND MATERIAL FORGUIDANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF THE STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FORILS, VOR, PAR, 75 MHz MARKER BEACONS (EN-ROUTE), NDB AND DME ... 2.11 Use of DME and/or other standard radio navigation aidsas an alternative to ILS marker beacons 2.11.1 When DME is used as an alternative to ILS marker beacons, the DME should be located onthe airport so that the zero range indication will be a point near the runway. If the DME associated with ILSuses a zero range offset, this facility has to be excluded from RNAV solutions. 2.11.1.1 In order to reduce the triangulation error, the DME should be sited to ensure a smallangle (e.g. less than 20 degrees) between the approach path and the direction to the DME at the points wherethe distance information is required. 2.11.1.2 The use of DME as an alternative to the middle marker beacon assumes a DME systemaccuracy of 0.37 km (0.2 NM) or better and a resolution of the airborne indication such as to allow thisaccuracy to be attained. 2.11.1.3 While it is not specifically required that DME be frequency paired with the localizerwhen it is used as an alternative for the outer marker, frequency pairing is preferred wherever DME is usedwith ILS to simplify pilot operation and to enable aircraft with two ILS receivers to use both receivers on theILS channel. 2.11.1.4 When the DME is frequency paired with the localizer, the DME transponderidentification should be obtained by the “associated” signal from the frequency-paired localizer. 2.11.2 In some locations, the Competent Authority may authorize the use of other means to providefixes as detailed in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) (Doc8168), such as NDB, VOR or GNSS. This may be useful in particular in locations where aircraft userequipage with DME is low, or if the DME is out of service. ... ATTACHMENT 6D. INFORMATION AND MATERIALFOR GUIDANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF THEGNSS STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ... 3.2.9 SBAS and GBAS receivers will be more accurate, and their accuracy will be characterized inreal time by the receiver using standard error models, as described in CAR-ANS 6.3, 6.3.5, for SBAS and CAR-ANS 6.3, 6.3.6, for GBAS.

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10.5 Integrity in the presence of interference The requirement that SBAS and GBAS receivers do not output misleading information in the presence of interference is intended to prevent the output of misleading information under unintentional interference scenarios that could arise. It is not intended to specifically address intentional interference. While it is impossible to completely verify this requirement through testing, an acceptable means of compliance can be found in the appropriate receiver Minimum Operational Performance Standards published by RTCA and EUROCAE. … ATTACHMENT 6E. GUIDANCE MATERIAL ON THE PRE-FLIGHT CHECKING OF VOR AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT … ATTACHMENT 6F. GUIDANCE MATERIAL CONCERNING RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION AIDS … ATTACHMENT 6G. INFORMATION AND MATERIAL FOR GUIDANCE IN THE APPLICATION FOR MLS STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ... ATTACHMENT 6H. STRATEGY FOR RATIONALIZATIONOF CONVENTIONAL RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS AND EVOLUTION TOWARDSUPPORTING PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION (see CAR-ANS 6.2, 6.2.1) 1. Introduction 1.1 The shift from facility-referenced navigation to coordinate-based navigation enabled byperformance-based navigation (PBN) provides significant benefits, in particular by supplying the flexibilityrequired to design airspace and associated routes and procedures according to operational needs. The mostsuitable navigation infrastructure to support PBN is GNSS. Consequently, the role of conventionalnavigation aids is currently evolving towards that of a reversionary terrestrial infrastructure capable ofmaintaining safety and an adequate level of operations in case of unavailability of GNSS (for example due tooutages). During this evolution, terrestrial aids may also enable PBN operations for users not yet equippedwith GNSS. 1.2 The aim of the strategy set out in this Attachment is to provide guidance to States to enable botha rationalization of navigation aids as well as a coordinated evolution towards the provision of areversionary terrestrial infrastructure. This strategy should be considered in particular when deciding oninvestments into new facilities or on facility renewals. The context of this evolution of navigationinfrastructure is described in the Global Air Navigation Plan (Doc 9750). 1.3 The strategy addresses the application of radio navigation aids to both conventional andperformance based navigation in en-route and terminal airspace, as well as their use as non-precisionapproach aids. Detailed guidance on PBN navigation infrastructure requirements is available in thePerformance-based Navigation (PBN) Manual (Doc 9613). Note.— The strategy relating to approach and landing with vertical guidance (APV) and precisionapproach and landing operations is contained in attachment 6B.

requirements aredefined, that the required resources are committed, and that the required effort is applied. In particular,changes in radio navigation facility provision require associated efforts in airspace planning, proceduredesign, consideration of regulatory aspects and broad consultation with impacted airspace users. 3.2 NDB-related considerations 3.2.1 NDBs serve no role in PBN operation except as a means for position crosschecking andgeneral situational awareness. These minor roles should not lead to the requirement to retain NDB facilities. 3.2.2 Except where no other alternative is available due to constraints in user fleet, financial, terrainor safety limitations: a) the use of NDBs as en-route navigation aids or terminal area markers is generally obsolete; b) NDBs used to support SID/STAR should be replaced by RNAV waypoints; c) NDBs used as locators to assist in ILS intercept operations should be replaced by RNAVwaypoints; d) the use of NDB to support missed approach operations should be discouraged except where localsafety cases require a non-GNSS missed approach capability; and e) NDBs used as a non-precision approach aid should be withdrawn taking the opportunity offeredby the implementation of Assembly Resolution 37-11. 3.3 VOR related considerations 3.3.1 The only PBN navigation specification enabled by VOR, provided a co-located DME ispresent, is RNAV 5. Provision of RNAV 5 based on VOR/DME is subject to significant limitations, sinceintegrated multi-sensor navigation make very little use of VOR/DME, in some cases limiting the range ofuse to 25NM. Also, only very few aircraft operators have a certified RNAV 5 capability which is based onlyon VOR/ DME. Consequently, the use of VOR/DME to provide PBN services is discouraged. The onlyexception to this could be to support RNAV 5 routes at or near the bottom of en-route airspace (aboveminimum sector altitude, MSA) where achieving DME/DME coverage is challenging. 3.3.2 In principle, to enable cost savings, VOR facilities should be withdrawn in the context of anoverall PBN plan. No new standalone VOR facilities (e.g., at new locations) should be implemented.However, VORs may be retained to serve the following residual operational purposes: a) as a reversionary navigation capability (for example for general aviation operations, to assist inavoiding airspace infringements); b) to provide navigation, cross-checking and situational awareness, especially for terminal areaoperations (pilot MSA awareness, avoiding premature automatic flight control system arming forILS intercept, aircraft operational contingency procedures such as engine failure on take-off,missed approaches if required by local safety cases), in particular in areas where low altitudeDME/DME coverage is limited; c) for VOR/DME inertial updating where DME/DME updating is not available; d) for non-precision approaches as long as users are not equipped for RNP approaches and if noother suitable means of precision approach is available; e) for conventional SID/STAR to serve non-PBN-capable aircraft; f) as required to support the operations of State aircraft; andg) to support procedural separation (as detailed in Doc 4444). 3.3.3 In order to provide DME-based RNAV capabilities, those locations which are retained for VORshould normally also be equipped with a co-located DME. 3.3.4 It is expected that adherence to the above principles should enable a decrease of the currentnumber of facilities by 50% or more in areas which support high densities of traffic. To achieve such results,States should develop a rationalization plan, taking into account the service age, all uses and operationalroles of their facilities. This normally requires significant coordination with airspace users. Therationalization plan should be an integral part of the PBN implementation plan. Experience has shown thatthe associated project effort amounts to less expense than the replacement and refurbishment of a singleVOR facility. The rationalization planning for VOR is also an important input into the evolution planningfor DME. 3.4 DME-related considerations 3.4.1 DME/DME fully supports PBN operations based on the RNAV 1, RNAV 2 and RNAV 5navigation specifications. Consequently, DME/DME (for equipped aircraft) is the most suitable currentterrestrial PBN capability. DME/DME provides a fully redundant capability to GNSS for RNAVapplications, and a suitable reversionary capability for RNP applications requiring an accuracy performanceof ±1NM (95%) laterally, where supported by an adequate DME infrastructure. Note.— While some aircraft are certified to provide RNP based on DME/DME, the ability of DME toprovide RNP on a general basis is currently under investigation. 3.4.2 States are encouraged to plan the evolution of their DME infrastructure by considering thefollowing: a) Where a terrestrial navigation reversion capability is required, a DME network capable ofsupporting DME/DME navigation should be provided, where possible; b) the DME network design should consider cost savings opportunities whenever possible, such asthe withdrawal from a site if an associated VOR is removed, or the possibility to efficiently setup new DME stand-alone sites where other ANSP CNS assets are located; c) the DME network design should attempt to fill any gaps and provide coverage to as low altitudesas operationally useful without leading to excessive new facilities investments; d) if satisfactory DME/DME coverage cannot be achieved, States may consider requiring INSequipage from airspace users to bridge gaps in coverage; e) ANSPs should take maximum advantage of cross-border and military facilities (TACAN),provided the necessary agreements can be put in place; and f) the frequency assignment of new DME stations should avoid the GNSS L5/E5 band (1 164 –1 215 MHz) in areas of high DME station density, if possible. 3.4.3 If the above principles are adhered to, it is expected that the density of DME stations in a givenarea should become more uniform. In other words, the number of facilities in areas of high station densitywill be reduced, whereas it may need to be increased in areas of low station density. 3.4.4 It is recognized that in some areas, the provision of DME/DME navigation is not possible orpractical, such as at very low altitudes, in terrain constrained environments, or on small islands and areasover water. It should also be noted that some FMS exclude the use of ILS-associated DMEs. As a consequence, it is not possible to ensure consistent DME/DME service to all DME/DME equipped usersbased on ILS-associated DMEs, and thus those facilities cannot be used to provide such service (regardlessof whether they are published in the en-route section of the AIP or not). 3.5 Multi-sensor airborne navigation capability considerations 3.5.1 It is recognized that: a) until all airspace users are both equipped and approved with suitable GNSSbased PBNcapabilities, terrestrial navigation aids must be provided either to support conventionalprocedures or to support DME/DME-based PBN capabilities; b) once all airspace users are both equipped and approved with suitable GNSS-based PBNcapabilities, terrestrial navigation aids may need to be provided to mitigate the risks associatedwith GNSS outages; c) it may not be practical or cost-efficient for some airspace users to equip with DME/ DME-basedand/or INS-based PBN capabilities; and d) a review of flight plan filings can be an efficient tool to analyze user fleet equipage status;however, actual equipage and approval status may need to be confirmed by the aircraft operator. 3.6 Other considerations 3.6.1 The evolution of terrestrial navigation infrastructure must be accompanied by the developmentof corresponding operational reversion scenarios. Operational requirements must be balanced with regard towhat is possible at reasonable cost, while ensuring safety. In particular, coverage requirements at lowaltitude can be associated with significant facility cost. Leveraging airspace user capabilities, such as INS, aswell as other CNS capabilities (surveillance and communication service coverage and associated ATCcapabilities) must be considered to the maximum extent practicable, including common mode failures. Insome airspaces, it may not be possible to cater to all airspace user equipage levels and, as a consequence,some airspace users may become subject to operational restrictions. 3.6.2 Some States with a high traffic density environment have identified DME/DME as their mainPBN reversion capability (providing either a fully redundant or a degraded level of performance). TheseStates then also plan to provide a residual VOR or VOR/DME infrastructure network to cater to users whichhave a PBN capability exclusively enabled by GNSS or to those without an adequate PBN capability.Operational procedures associated with the use of such reversion capabilities are under development. 3.6.3 It must be noted that the use of the term “network” in this strategy refers only to navigationfacilities assessed on a regional scale, and it does not refer to a network of routes or a particular airspacedesign. In high-density airspace, it is considered impractical to provide an alternate, conventional back-uproute network, once the transition to a fully PBN-based route network has been achieved. 3.6.4 In a few limited cases it may not be possible to provide the same level of benefits through theapplication of PBN as is possible when using conventional navigation capabilities, due to procedure designlimitations or other aspects such as terrain constrained environments. States are invited to bring these casesto the attention of ICAO. 4. Strategy 4.1 Based on the considerations above, the need to consult aircraft operators and internationalorganizations, and to ensure safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the proposed solutions, the globalstrategy is to: a) rationalize NDB and VOR and associated procedures; b) align rationalization planning with equipment lifecycles and PBN implementation planning; c) replace approaches without vertical guidance with vertically guided approaches; d) where a terrestrial navigation reversion capability is required, evolve the existing DMEinfrastructure towards providing a PBN infrastructure complementary to GNSS; e) provide a residual capability based on VOR (or VOR/DME if possible) to cater to airspace usersnot equipped with suitable DME/DME avionics, where required; and f) enable each region to develop an implementation strategy for these systems in line with theglobal strategy. — END— i.

Separability Clause. - If, for any reason, any provision of this Memorandum Circular is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the other part or parts thereof which are not affected thereby shall continue to be in full force and effect. ii. Repealing Clause. - All orders, rules, regulations and issuances, or parts thereof which are inconsistent with this Memorandum Circular are hereby repealed, superseded or modified accordingly.

iii. Determination of changes. – To highlight the amendments and/or revisions in the Memorandum Circular, the deleted text shall be shown with strikethrough and the new inserted text shall be highlighted with grey shading, as illustrated below:

2. Objectives of the Strategy The strategy must: a) maintain at least the current safety level of en-route and terminal area navigation operations; b) facilitate the implementation of performance based navigation (PBN); c) maintain global interoperability; d) provide regional flexibility based on coordinated regional planning; e) encourage airspace users to equip with appropriate PBN avionics; and f) take account of economic, operational and technical issues. 3. Considerations 3.1 Operational considerations 3.1.1 The following considerations are based on the assumption that the operational

iv.

1. Text deleted: Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it. 2. New text inserted: New text is highlighted with grey shading. 3. New text replacing existing text: Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it followed by the replacement text which is highlighted with grey shading. Effectivity Clause. - This Memorandum Circular shall take effect fifteen (15) days after publication in a requisite single newspaper of general circulation or the Official Gazette and a copy filed with the U.P. Law Center - Office of the National Administrative Register.

So Ordered. Signed this 22 day of January 2018, at the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, MIA Road, Pasay City, Metro Manila, 1301. CAPTAIN JIM C. SYDIONGCO