Conviction Vol. 65 No. 7

1

FOLLOW US

FOUNDED 1956

facebook.com/thespectrumusls · thespectrum.usls@gmail.com VOLUME 65 NUMBER 7 · NOVEMBER 2020

LANCE CHRISTIAN M. JUAREZ

MA. KRISTINE JOY R. BAYADOG

IVEE E. MANGUILIMOTAN

PAULA MAE E. VILLAROSA

Editor-in-Chief

Managing Editor

Associate Editor

External Affairs Director

KYNAH RHEA B. FUENTES HANA PATRICIA RAJ E. HAUTEA Online Editor PATRICK N. BILLOJAN Literary Editor CARL HASON T. GERALE Photos & Videos Editor KARL BRIAN T. MARQUEZA Layout & Graphics Editor ALEXANDRA V. BACHOCO Newspaper Editor Magazine Editor

Newspaper Writers

ALAN S. VILLANUEVA JR. DREXEL JOHN N. AMIT ALYSSA NICOLE T. MAQUIRAN ANNA MARIA J. VILLANUEVA Magazine Writers

ADRIANNE H. SAPLAGIO GABRIEL M. LEZAMA ELIZABETH D. FERNANDEZ Online Writers

SHAN MARC O. JABAGAT EZRA CHRISLAINE L. ORTEGA MERYL C. SIGATON JAMES B. GONZAGA Literary Writers

IMMALIE ROSE E. CAFIFGE KRIZIA RICCI T. NEPOMUCENO Web Administrators

ANGELA A. CORONEL CHRISTIAN DOMINIC L. LEDESMA The Spectrum - USLS @thespectrum.usls @TheSpectrumUSLS /thespectrumusls

Photojournalists

ANGELO F. DESPI KEILAH N. BALDOMAR INOCENCIO JOHN KEITH B. FERRER V PHOEBE DAIDOJI Q. JABONETE MA. MICAH DEARIELLE V. TRAJERA Videographer

RODNEY A. JARDER JR. Illustrators

EARL JOHN D. PABULAR JAZIEL ANN V. SEBALLOS Layout & Graphics Artists

TRIZIA C. HASSIM MITCHEL G. MARIANO MIKEY VINCENT T. VICENTE Editorial Assistant

KIARA NICOLE D. VILLA Officer-in-Charge

KENNY L. ANDAYA

The Spectrum is the Official Student Media Corps of the University of St. La Salle.

Its editorial office is located at the Coliseum grounds, La Salle Ave., Bacolod City, Negros Occidental 6100; it can be reached through the telephone number, (034) 432-1187 local 172 and e-mail address, thespectrum.usls@gmail.com. All rights reserved. No part of The Spectrum may be reproduced in any form without the written consent of the Media Corps. All contributions become The Spectrum property and the Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to edit all articles for publication.

editor’s note Man has always been [and will continue to be] arrogant. Romantics can paint poetic the unshakeable resolve of a lone soldier’s hopeless battle, while realists dismiss such heroism as idiocy. Simply put, it is in challenging the absurd that we are fundamentally stubborn.

No matter the circumstance, no matter the impossibility, there is something in the human condition that refuses to yield. Even continuing to be is a made decision. How else could you have come this far?

To think nearly eight billion people live and share existence in quiet solidarity is unfathomable. Instead, we feel in place of our lack of comprehension. It’s partly due to this that we are all still rolling our boulders up that same hill before having it fall back down. Day after day.

Ultimately, our lives are but losing battles gradually sinking into oblivion, but our primordial desire to rebel against this nonetheless forbids the universe from killing us in a way that matters.

A human axiom is tenacity: so long as we are, we will. Take it from these pages forged amid a global crisis; take it from the steady beating in your chest.

photo by Karl Brian T. Marqueza

Lance Christian M. Juarez 65th Editor-in-Chief

about the cover Man is a microcosm of the universe. Correspondingly, Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man is dubbed as the Universal Man—a symbol of perfection. This piece reflects the beauty, divine symmetry, and intricacy of mankind as represented by our physical vessel.

Yet, there is no such thing as the perfect human. We’re all just struggling to exist.

Bound by the shackles of the world, perhaps the essence of humanity lies in the angry marks of our bruised wrists. Rather than focusing on unattainable ideals of flawlessness, let’s highlight the parts of us that truly make us human; shortcomings, spirit, and all.

10 SOCIETY I Can’t Help It, Lolita A discussion on pedophilia and child sex abuse.

15 DISCUSSION The Political Spectrum: Where Do I Stand?

Get to know the nuances of the political spectrum.

18 COVID-19 “Pa, are we there yet?”

An examination of the PH government’s actions in addressing the pandemic.

21 ENVIRONMENT Mother Earth’s Flu Vaccine Is COVID-19 the answer to climate change?

23 HISTORY Untold Truths You Should’ve Known Sooner A list of conspiracy theories you never thought would be true.

27 DISCUSSION Getting that one million views: a how-to Who are content creators? What do they do?

29 SOCIETY Of males, females, and everyone in between Just how big of a role does society play in the evolution of the term ‘gender’?

37 COVID-19 Online “Learning” Discussing the inefficiency of online learning for this academic year.

39 HUMAN INTEREST Grace with Fire A literary portrait of a mother, writer, and daughter of God.

8/DISCUSSION Making peace with our pace Debunking the truths of productivity and the value of keeping up with your own pace.

12/HUMAN INTEREST

A Frontliner’s Perspective A firsthand look into the work and emotions of a COVID-19 frontliner.

17/FILIPINO Pagbisita sa mga Museo ng Tradisyonal na Sining Muling pagdalaw sa mga naisantabing lokal at tradisyunal na anyo ng sining sa bansa.

24/HUMAN INTEREST

Those who undress for a living Humanizing sex workers and breaking the stigma surrounding the sex industry.

table of contents

42 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Reweaving the genetic code The technological advancements of gene editing and its impact on humanity 44 DISCUSSION The Impostor Among Us A closer look on why your insecurities always surface whenever you achieve something on your own.

46 SOCIETY Deep Breaths A piece tackling how “All Lives Matter” isn’t enough.

53 ENVIRONMENT Think Twice, Use Twice Expounding on the rise of sustainable fashion and why it needs to keep rising.

57 SOCIETY 3 from 109 million Meet three progressives who created ripples from virtue of social responsibility.

56/HILIGAYNON Madinalag-on sa bahin sang kabudlay Ang pagsirado sang negosyo nga Wala Usik sa katung-an sang pandemya.

54/RELIGION Transcending faith

A glimpse of the path religious groups tread on as faith is challenged in these changing times.

59/DISCUSSION Life’s Little Pauses

On the nature of a breakdown and what it actually means to break down.

61/HUMAN INTEREST Rising Amidst Adversity

Recounting the experiences of a COVID-19 survivor

DISCUSSION

words by Paula Mae E. Villarosa photos by Inocencio John Keith B. Ferrer V

MAKING PEACE

WITH OUR PACE Debunking the truths of productivity and the value of keeping up with your own pace.

8

Just because other people have accomplished more than we have doesn’t mean we’re lagging behind.

“ R

I’m not accomplishing much these days—am I unconsciously putting off work?”

ecently, a colleague sent me this message. At first, I thought it was about work, so I did the most rational thing—pretend like I was offline and tune out any publication-related talk for at least an hour or two. Yet, when his message lit up my screen, I felt a little guilty for ignoring him. After reading through his chat, I was taken aback when he asked me if I thought he was procrastinating when he’s one of the responsible staffers we have. I asked him what made him think so, and he explained how everyone around him seemed busy while he had an unusually huge amount of spare time on his hands. As I mulled over his sentiments, I found myself nodding along, and maybe as you’re reading this, you can relate too.

Ever since the pandemic struck, everyone seems to have been sucked in a productivity competition, seeing who can learn more skills, do more tasks, and accomplish more goals during quarantine. Experts and influencers keep saying we should make the most of this time spent at home, and how, by doing so, we’ll feel good about ourselves and avoid the blues and grays that come with the crisis.

Thus, we pressure ourselves to follow others’ examples and align ourselves to their timetables because we get the impression that we’re not doing or being productive enough with the time we have. We push ourselves over the edge—zipping our way through the motions thinking we can triumphantly arrive at the finish line. When in reality, we’ll end up skidding across the track and flopping down on the ground halfway through the spurt.

Business strategist and productivity expert Racheal Cook says this reaction is normal: “We are going through a collective trauma experience […] it’s challenging, because we’re navigating these huge emotional hurdles with an uncertainty that most of us have never really experienced in our lifetime.”

If there’s one thing I’ve learned during this extended lockdown season, it’s to not feel guilt or regret for taking breaks.

It’s no secret that most of us feel more stressed working and studying from home than we did back at our schools and offices. Marketing content specialist of job networking site Jobillico.com, Matt Dodge, observed that this difficulty sprung from the intertwining of our schools and workplaces with our place of relaxation— our homes. Because of this, we find it difficult to draw the line between working and resting. We have the tendency to overexert ourselves just to half-heartedly finish all our tasks in one go because we’re afraid of losing our productivity streak the moment we take a break.

However, this method does the opposite.

The University of Illinois tells us that by doing so, we’ll wear ourselves out so thin that we won’t be able to function and register anything properly anymore for our mind and body are overstimulated above and beyond its limits. You’re not going to achieve anything if you burn the midnight oil night after night; that’d only burn out what little gas you have left in the lamp.

Pausing for a while won’t reduce the time you have to finish your errands. Rather, it’ll earn you more time because you’ll already know exactly what you have to do rather than worrying over all your piled up tasks, having touched none of them at all. Taking a step back from all your work can help you clear your mind and refocus yourself. Instead of breaking down in tears every few minutes, taking breathers every now and again would allow you to readjust your view of your current circumstances.

Similar to how we are of different wavelengths, we are all driven by different stimuli. Some may be motivated by a competitive bout while others might be encouraged by a more harmonious environment. Even the way we do things are different from one another.

I’m usually the type to plot out a mental to-do list for the day and religiously follow it to manage my time.

However, some of the people I know would tell me that organizing tasks and reminders in a planner works way better for them. I gave their method a try, but it lasted me a few days before I spiralled into shambles. As you can already tell, it didn’t work for me.

Psychotherapist Dr. Dana Dorfman says that we are running “a marathon not a sprint,” that the only track we should focus on is the lane in front of us, and that we must avoid swerving to other lanes and competing with the people next to us. Don’t push yourself to follow others’ paces because the things that work for them won’t always suit you. Some people are comfortable with sprinting across the track while others might need to stroll down their lanes to keep their footing. We move at different paces and speeds, so do things on your own terms and no one else’s—unless you’re ready to scrape your knees and break your ankle after running someone else’s laps.

It’s ironic how we continuously set ourselves up to lose by trying to beat others at their own game.

Hearing that colleague air out his struggles felt like listening to my own months’ worth of bottled-up sentiments. As we talked, I saw how these reactions were valid and not something to be ashamed of. If you’re not crossing out as many items on your to-do list as you expected to, that’s okay. You’re not putting off work—you’re taking it one step at a time.

Just because other people have accomplished more than we have doesn’t mean we’re lagging behind.

After all, the only pace we have to keep up with is our own. S

9

SOCIETY

I Can’t Help It, Lolita A discussion on pedophilia and child sex abuse.

words by Elizabeth D. Fernandez art by Kiara Nicole D. Villa

T

all shadows in trenchcoats standing outside of school yards. Old men leering at young girls on the street. Grimy fingers luring children in with candy. There have been no shortages of the portrayal of pedophiles in mainstream television. Pedophiles have become familiar demons lurking in peoples’ minds.

Demons that many believe are fictional and one that they will never encounter—or hope to encounter.

Unfortunately for them, these demons are real.

But first things first—are they really demons? Or are they a group of outcasts that have been condemned too soon? What is pedophilia exactly?

According to Psychology Today, pedophilia is an ongoing sexual attraction to pre-pubertal children.

In fact, it is a psychological disorder part of a larger condition known as paraphilia; sexual gratification through extreme or atypical measures.

For experts to officially diagnose pedophilic disorder, the individual must either have acted on their sexual urges or experience guilt and interpersonal issues because of their fantasies. Without these two criteria, the individual can be said to have a pedophilic sexual orientation, but not a disorder.

Although pedophilia can be classified as a disorder, not much is known about it. Due to its sensitivity, even scientific discussion among medical experts is difficult.

Pedophilia statistics originate from the small group of patients willing to come forward as well as victims of assault. Subsequently, an estimated 17.1 percent of children aged between 13 and 18 years old have experienced sexual violence in the Philippines.

Despite being social denigrates, they still desire to belong to society. After the decisive ruling of the United States Supreme Court stating that LGBTQ+ individuals cannot be fired for their sexual orientation earlier this year, positivity flooded the internet. With this came rainbow flags waving in the air, artworks of all-inclusive love, and a controversial image with the acronym LGBTP, captioned “lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and pedosexual”.

The image sparked the online movement of support between individuals calling themselves “minorattracted persons” (MAPs)—pedophiles who assert that despite being attracted to children, swear that they are strictly “no contact” and have no desire for a physical relationship.

Despite this assurance, the LGBTQ+ community erupted in outrage and quickly refuted the claims of “pedosexuality”. Many felt that MAPs banked on the support and sympathy the community received and that despite the promises of “no contact” the fact remains

10

that these “MAPs” are still pedophiles preying on children.

It is clear to see the pedophile’s revolting reputation in this world. Especially when the said pedophiles attempt to brand their attractions as a gender, the reality of their intentions cannot be muddled by sugared words.

Ultimately, false promises of harmlessness and the support of MAPs normalizes pedophilia, and with it, the exploitation of children.

Sexual abuse, regardless of age, gender, and identity is inherently wrong, but when minors are subjected to the hell that is molestation, a whole trove of physical and mental ramifications are etched into them eternally.

Children are mentally vulnerable, depending on adults for guidance to navigate a confusing world. That is why when the said adult turns on the child and manipulates them to satisfy sexual fantasies, a levee of trust and love is broken.

The age of consent, usually 18, is the legal boundary of a person’s ability to make a decision for themselves with a responsible mind. A child does not have this ability.

Children are naive and unaware of the harm of underaged sex. In fact, they might not even understand that the abuse they face is not sex at all, but rather rape. Depending on their age, they might not even know what sex is; to them it is simply a “game” they play with the people they blindly trust.

Children are not sexual creatures, but mainstream media exacerbates the sexualization of children. From teenage dramas riddled with sex like Riverdale to the more recent Netflix Cuties scandal (showcasing a troupe of 11-year old girls twerking their way through a dance competition in tight glittery costumes), it has become clearer to see: sex sells, but apparently, children sell better.

The marks a pedophile leaves on their victim never fades. Depression, guilt, shame, anxiety, denial, and relationship problems haunt victims who, despite already being adults, still undergo trauma from the exploitation they faced years ago.

Ultimately, the status of pedophiles being “demons” is justified. Despite officially being a mental disorder, the pain faced by victims cannot be ignored, especially when the said victims are children who have their whole lives ahead of them.

Nevertheless, it is important that society does not turn away from such controversial discussions. Pedophiles do exist whether they are wanted or not, and turning away from the conversation will not solve any problems. It is up to society as a whole to hold those guilty accountable and to help victims break free from the hold of trauma. Only with fearless hearts and open minds can we conquer these demons and see this world become a safer, better place. S

“Sex sells, but apparently, children sell better.�

279,166 instances of sexual exploitation of children were reported from March 1 to May 17 of this year, a 264% increase from the same time in 2019 (The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children). This has been attributed to the national lockdown imposed on March 17.

11

HUMAN INTEREST

A Frontliner’s Perspective A firsthand look into the work and emotions of a COVID-19 frontliner. words by Gabriel M. Lezama photo courtesy of Glesa Topacio

12

“It isn’t their physical pain that is heartbreaking to face, but rather the emotional distress they feel.”

L

iving in the new normal is hard enough already, but seeing your loved ones go out into the world to their jobs is nothing short of terrifying. Yet even though both of you are scared, there’s nothing you can do except pray for their safety. At the end of the day, you just feel glad that their jobs aren’t as dangerous as COVID frontliners’.

But what if it was? What if that frontliner was a loved one who could have been with you today had it not been for their role in battling the pandemic? The contrast in safety from those working regular jobs to those working in the front lines can be quite apparent, and thus, the dangers and risks that these brave souls delve into are not to be taken lightly.

A Batch 2013 graduate of the University of St. La Salle, Jasper Horlador, is currently working in the Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital (CLMMRH) as a staff nurse assigned to the COVID Critical Unit (CCU). Living only with his siblings, Jasper is viewed as the parental figure of his home—one can only imagine what struggles they face on their own even without the presence of the virus.

His experience working as a frontliner has been one filled with anxiety and worry. His days often start off with him preparing at his home, tending to his siblings, and making sure everything is in place before taking off to work via the hospital’s free shuttle service.

“Going to work with uncertainties that you may succumb to COVID-19 is really stressful,” Jasper expressed. His siblings are always on his mind, as he thinks about who would take care of them if ever he did catch the virus. He reminds himself that as a nurse, it’s in his job description to persevere and remain positive, but knows that the cold grasp of the virus is always around the corner.

In what almost seems like routine, his work takes him from the almostmissed atmosphere of a regular hospital to the contagious battlefield of the CCU areas. Having to handle COVID-positive patients everyday would put pressure on any person, and Jasper is no exception. For the patients handled by him, it isn’t their physical pain that is heartbreaking to face, but rather the emotional distress they feel, anxious to see their loved ones. Jasper stated that while these patients receive physical treatment, he emphasizes and empathizes with their need for emotional support and often reassures them that their families are being kept updated on their situation. “We will bring you home,” he would confidently tell them, lifting their spirits in what could possibly be the most difficult time in their life.

13

CLMMRH staff are immediately tested after any interaction with a COVID-positive patient.

For someone in the medical front line, it would make sense that as the timeline of the virus grew longer, their safety nets also increased. Starting with only protective masks before, or even dealing with the patients unprotected, the regulations soon changed drastically.

With the implementation of CLMMRH’s Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), doctors and nurses have to wear a suit that Jasper described as “being suited up for outer space,” complete with respirators and working boots for an airtight suit.

“Most of the time we are dripping in sweat with our new normal uniform,” Jasper commented and also mentioned that by regulation, they needed to don the suit for at least 8 long hours of work. Apart from their hindered movement and limited air circulation, there’s also the fatigue that the shift brings, since they barely have any breaks in between. This takes a toll not only on their physical shape, but also on their mental fortitude as it undoubtedly chips away inside that suit. “The hospital has to send us to [the] mental health unit after we finish [...] to give us the opportunity to voice out our feelings, fears, and anxieties,” Horlador shared.

Even with the pressure of their high-risk work, the CLMMRH management finds ways to ease their fear.

From the janitors to the administrators, all staff in the hospital are given respirator masks and are assured 14that while they have their patients to worry about, the

management is working tirelessly so that their medical soldiers would not brave the battlefield unarmed. From being tested after every exposure to a COVID patient to being supplied an in-house quarantine facility, Jasper can proudly endorse the excellent care that the hospital provides to its staff.

With that in mind, Jasper left a short expression of thanks to the hospital management: “I would like to grab this opportunity to thank our Medical Center Chief Dr. Julius Drilon for his leadership. Thank you for the things you’ve done for the hospital and for the people of Negros in the fight against COVID. I would also like to thank Dr. Jean Cerrada, the head of the Infectious Disease Team. These two are the brains of the hospital.”

Jasper advises the public to adhere to public health protocols, wear protective equipment like facemasks, and especially practice social distancing. Yes, it sounds repetitive, but who knows how many patients have come into those Critical COVID rooms just because they chose to ignore those protocols. Until then, keep those masks on and that one-meter distance in mind.

COVID has always been and will continue to be a scary concept to grasp—one that stirs disturbance especially on those in the front lines. But even with the distress, Jasper and possibly all medical forces around the world have faith that their deeds are worth the danger. Their confidence to save the lives of those placed into their hands sparks a hope that is much-needed in these dark times. S

DISCUSSION

THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM:

WHERE DO I STAND? words by Ivee E. Manguilimotan & Anna Maria J. Villanueva art by Mitchel G. Mariano

GET TO KNOW THE NUANCES OF THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM.

P

olitics excuses no one.

Today’s world is an abundance of cultures, beliefs, and ideals that concern many. As colorful a diverse world is, however, it also entails disagreements that open the door for debates, protests, and rallies. With this, the quest for seeking the middle ground continues to faze society. Now, the need to understand the “political spectrum” is vital to be able to recognize partiality and to classify political positions.

Like a Cartesian plane, there are two axes that comprise the political spectrum: the horizontal and the vertical. At the origin, there is “centrism”, an ideology based on reason and pragmatism, oriented towards achieving solutions for the common good. Also known as the radical centre, this position supports a balance of social equality and hierarchy.

Now, the horizontal axis concerns an individual’s stand on economic issues, known as “the left” and “the right.”

15

“The quest for seeking the middle ground continues to faze society.”

Eat the rich This rallying cry has been adopted by the digital generations from philosopher JeanJacques Rousseau’s quote, “When the people shall have nothing more to eat, they will eat the rich.” Popular on social media, this saying highlights people’s resentment against class struggle and capitalism. Under this classification, familiar groups like the social democrats and progressives are considered as the center-left. As to the far-left, there are varieties of anarchism and communism.

Locally, the political party “Bayan Muna” advocates for the working class, aiming to alleviate poverty and social injustice.

The left wing believes in equality and that the government must be greatly involved in the lives of the citizens to achieve it. They support higher taxes on the rich, financial support for the poor, free healthcare, and government regulation of businesses. Their views are progressive, favoring social change and reform.

“Stand back and stand by” When asked to condemn white supremacists during the first U.S. Presidential Debate, President Donald Trump responded with this comment.

It garnered wide-spread criticism as it was believed that he was enabling their supremacist behavior.

Under the right side of the spectrum are the United States’ Republicans and the United Kingdom’s Conservative Party. Right-wing parties include the conservatives, nationalists, and in the far-right, fascists. Rightists support the “Laissez-faire” approach, translating to “leave things alone”. They believe that the presence of certain social hierarchies and inequality is natural and unavoidable. With this, the government must play a limited role in the lives of citizens, advocating for lower taxes and less regulation on businesses. Their political views are conservative, dedicated to preserving existing traditional conditions in society. For the right, the less involved the government is, the better.

Meanwhile, the vertical axis concerns their stand on cultural and social issues with “libertarian” at the bottom and “authoritarian” on top.

Freedom is power The concept of libertarianism is grounded on the principle that each individual owns themselves and does not exist to serve society. Rather, society exists to serve its members. Fundamentally, libertarians abide by the Non-Aggression Principle (NAP): any initiation of coercive action is ethically wrong.

In a sense, the government has no right to force citizens to do things against their will. Libertarians abhor laws suggesting compulsion, involuntary military service, confiscation of property, and even forcibly taking our money (i.e. taxation). In terms of social policy, you can do whatever you want as long as it does not violate another’s natural rights. Each person is assumed to be an expert on what they want and how to run their lives.

As striking as the ideas are, a country adopting full and true libertarianism does not exist, despite the presence of libertarians all over the world. This may be because without the laws and regulations of today, chaos is bound to occur. However, the ideas of libertarianism are by no means incorrect; it just needs proper implementation to succeed.

16

Disarm its citizens On the contrary, authoritarianism adheres to the concept of imposing on others, whether it be for the “greater good” idea of collectivism (Scandinavia) or in extreme cases, for the pleasure of a dictator (North Korea).

The upper end of the spectrum believes in a hierarchy of humans, with some being more valuable than others.

Authoritarianism mostly refers to the power play between elites that have authority to rule the state. This often translates to dictatorship and limitation of the civil and political liberties of citizens by the ruling class. Moreover, the government has the option to use force when it is needed. This can be detrimental for the public as it comes at the expense of their own rights.

In the privilege of the suburbs It does not come as a surprise that at least one person in a social circle ignores the political issues raging within the society.

Understandably, politics is all not black and white; rather, people tend to feign neutrality if they are not affected by the issue at hand or if it does not serve their own agendas. To further illustrate, Edith from Enola Holmes summed apoliticism in a nutshell: “Politics doesn’t interest you because you have no interest in changing a world that suits you so well.”

However, everything is considered political. One’s actions reflect values and ideologies they practice, which extend to their decision-making. When basic human rights are violated, by no means can a person remain apolitical.

This only further perpetuates and condones acts of violence and oppression.

Remaining apathetic will eventually ripple down to a community that accepts and tolerates deplorable deeds.

The concept of politics has existed ever since. The need to cultivate a society for the benefit of everyone laid the groundwork for its birth. We are either the governed or the ones governing. However, make no mistake, true power comes from what ideologies you stand by and which communities you wish to stand in. As you ponder on your next political stance, know that whichever part of the spectrum you are standing on will always be valid. S

17

18

19

20

HISTORY

W Mother Earth’s Flu Vaccine Is COVID-19 the answer to climate change? words by Krizzia Ricci T. Nepomuceno & Angela A. Coronel photo manipulation by Earl John D. Pabular & Angelo T. Despi

ild animals roaming the streets, new species’ gaining traction, and a boat ride down the clean and pristine Grand Canal in Venice— maybe this is how the environment shows that it is healing from the years of abuse and misuse by humans.

With the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global warming has been, and still is, one of the biggest environmental problems faced by humanity since the 19th century. As the years went by, it became a breeding ground for climate change, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification, just to name a few. However, since COVID19’s ill-fated seizing of society, things have changed a lot, especially in the environment. Now people are left to think: are these shifts in nature the result of COVID? A few months after quarantine started, changes in individual emissions were backed by Nature Research indicating that global CO2 levels have plummeted by 8.8%, triggered by the now decongested streets and shorter work hours. As schools shifted into an onlinebased interface conjoining the new work-from-home agenda, self-isolation has led to lesser vehicles on the street, provoking lesser smoke-belching. The World Economic Forum claims that this halt in transportation, coupled with the sporadic use of oil and coal, birthed a 3.8% decline in energy demand, coming as a wellneeded break for the non-renewable energy sector.

University of Birmingham also contends a 63% curtailing of smog in Wuhan City, the coronavirus epicenter.

Moreover, despite the odds, the virus strew has made people aware of the feasible negative effects stemming from the misappropriation of nature. After discovering that pandemic wellspring is linked to biodiversity loss, environmental laws have become tight against violators.

With this understanding, local groups like The Green Alert have strongly urged the halting of projects that destroy the flora and fauna in Negros forest. Moreover, upon learning that the road development plan by the DPWH and DENR will cross the Negros Natural Park, people have signed petitions to stop its onset, fully aware of the consequences that may occur.

Though optimistic outcomes have been apparent amidst the pandemic, it has also introduced several repercussions. One of these challenges is the lack of attention towards proposed or existing environmental programs, due to the prioritization of COVID-19 Emergency Response initiatives. These days, most of us rely on food delivery apps such as Foodpanda or Grab Food, which, considering most businesses opt for single-use packaging, has caused a surge of waste this past year. Although disposable face masks have aided in protecting ourselves and in preventing the spread of the virus, these single-use personal protective equipment have pitched in our medical waste as well.

Despite the economic downfall in several countries, corporations still manage to haul in consumers via online platforms to sell their products. According to a recent global study by Salesforce Inc., 58% of consumers said they expect to do more online shopping after the pandemic

21

than they did before it. Because of this, we would expect larger amounts of carbon footprints that could adversely impact the environment.

Among those afflicted by the lockdown are farmers and food producers who are left with no choice but to dispose of their harvest as they struggle to sell them. Adding more fuel to the fire, the sudden changes in import restrictions in export markets and the limited availability of cargo transportation services have spoiled substantial amounts of produce.

Consequently, the organic decay of rotting agricultural stock has further increased the levels of methane emissions, a greenhouse gas which has been rising by 50 million tons annually since 2006, according to Nature Research.

By the same token, environmental protection workers have been obliged to stay home during the lockdown, which stemmed a massive risk towards natural ecosystems and protected species due to unmonitored land and marine conservation zones. Additionally, the increasing unemployment rate and decline in tourism have become biocatalysts in the environmental relapse through illegal logging, mining, wildlife hunting, and fishing.

So, was the rise of COVID-19 a significant factor that affected climate change? Though there were some major changes brought about by the pandemic, it doesn’t necessarily mean that these environmental issues could directly contribute to the bigger global matters that we have been facing for years. According to Green Tech Media, climate change has always been unabating while the world turned its attention to fighting the virus. The impact of COVID-19 in our battle against climate change is an attestation that we cannot solve these problems at a personal level. In fact, the pandemic has only highlighted the role that huge industries play in the destruction of nature and global warming.

Despite that, the best thing we could do right now is cooperate with one another in the middle of the current medical crisis while being mindful and responsive towards the other global issues that we are currently facing. The recovery of our environment isn’t entirely a reflection of the huge hiatus brought by the pandemic, but proof that with just enough effort from different people and different sectors, the planet can actually heal. S

“The best thing we could do right now is cooperate with one another [...] while being mindful and responsive towards the other global issues that we are currently facing.”

22

HISTORY

Untold Truths You Should’ve Known Sooner A list of conspiracy theories you never thought would be true. words by Ezra Chrislaine L. Ortega art by Mikey Vincent T. Vicente

H

ave you ever heard about the Illuminati manipulating the minds of some Hollywood stars like Miley Cyrus? Crazy, right? Well, it wouldn’t be called a conspiracy theory if it wasn’t.

As a catchall phrase, a conspiracy theory is used to describe a large variety of typically outlandish and “almost always false” suspected covert schemes.

Although dismissing them as baseless and delusional is simple, have you not wondered why these thoughts are “almost always false” and not “always false”? Perhaps because some have turned out to be surprisingly real.

Curious? Check out these three insane conspiracy theories which turned out to be true.

NSA spies on internet use It is terrifying enough to know that someone is looking at you secretly; what more if someone is spying on you through your phone?

Statements from several members of Congress confirmed that the National Security Agency (NSA) had been intercepting phone calls and online messages from Americans since 2005. According to them, the NSA has also been receiving wholesale copies of American telephone and other communications records. All of these surveillance activities were brought to light by former AT&T technician Mark Klein—even that AT&T cooperated with unlawful surveillance.

Isn’t it ironic to know this at a time when the Filipinos are fond of China’s dubious applications which can endanger our national security? In the face of such challenges, we can remain secure, vigilant, and resilient by taking several steps to protect our privacy.

Project Sunshine Of all the crimes that could be committed, would you ever consider stealing a dead body?

Well, the U.S. government did just that.

Following Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the U.S. government launched a new analysis to measure the impact of radioactive fallout on the human body. Thus, they robbed corpses because they needed young tissue. They recruited a worldwide network of agents to find recently-deceased babies and children, taking samples and even limbs without the consent of the more than 1,500 grieving families. This illegal action was exposed only after former President Bill Clinton ordered an investigation in 1994.

The cancer-causing polio vaccine Imagine already having a vaccine for COVID-19, yet it brings another devastating disease: cancer. You won’t have to imagine it; this polio vaccine actually has cancer cells!

Somehow, from 1954 to 1961, simian virus 40 (SV40) appeared in polio vaccines. Barbarsa Fisher testified before the US House of Representatives on this matter in 2003, and according to her, it was Jonas Salk who used cells from rhesus monkeys infected with SV40. Not only did 98 million people in the US receive contaminated inoculations, but there were even more globally. The virus has been linked to brain and lung tumors in children and adults, but no direct link has been confirmed. Even after its exposure, medical professionals continued to administer tainted vaccines until 1963.

Conspiracy theories are all around us. With the growth of the Internet, the pace at which they propagate has increased, and their influence has risen. Some only remain as ridiculous assumptions that damage people and society as a whole, but others hold some truth, which leaves us in awe and alters our thinking.

This is where the role of critical thinking appears. The better acquainted we are with factual evidence, the easier it is for us to debunk these hypotheses. Not only does having a critical mind mean being skeptical, it also allows us to distinguish rumors from fact, which ultimately enables us to make better decisions in our lives.

While these theories are all fine and dandy, we should take them with a grain of salt because we never know what could be real. S

23

HUMAN INTEREST

Those who undress for a living Humanizing sex workers and breaking the stigma surrounding the sex industry. words by Ivee E. Manguilimotan & Alyssa Nicole T. Maquiran photos by Karl Brian T. Marqueza with reports from Kiara Nicole D. Villa & Ma. Kim Gupalor

Selling one’s body is a taboo topic in a conservative, povertystricken country. But admittedly, it’s one of the few jobs anyone can do for some fast cash—find a client, negotiate the price, book a motel, take the clothes off, do the deed, and move on. The usual routine: quick and easy—even for a 17-year old girl, married, and two months pregnant.

However, their clothes aren’t the only things being stripped away—they were stripped of their choices, too.

Maria, Juana, and Elena* are the few brave women who shared their experiences despite being in a society that would prefer to vilify than to empathize simply because it’s easier. *The names have been changed to protect the privacy of the individuals involved.

24

ACCORDING TO A SURVEY DONE IN 1998, 70 PERCENT OF FEMALE SEX WORKERS CARRY THEIR WORK WITH HEAVY HEARTS AND ARE BURDENED BECAUSE THEY CONSIDER SEX WITH A CUSTOMER A SIN. - INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION Bare beneath the sheets It was a Sunday afternoon—after hours of circling Bacolod Plaza and asking countless queries to passersby, Maria, a woman in her thirties, approached us and welcomed an interview in exchange for a mere meal as compensation.

Maria started her job as a sex worker at age 20. More than a decade since her debut, she no longer engages with clients (unless requested) but rather, acts as a bugaw and an intermediary between the girls and the customers. “Most of the girls ask me to contact them if there are any potential clients to be entertained,” she disclosed, explaining how those seeking fast cash do it out of their own volition while she gets a portion of their payment.

Among the women she handled, ages 17 to 18 were the youngest since minors are banned in motels, with the usual prices ranging from P300 to P500. However, the younger a girl is, the heftier the price.

Maria shared that her whole family is unaware of her sideline dealings. She was unable to finish high school and started working in a bar when a friend introduced her to the sex industry instead. She further confessed that as a new mother, she desperately needed the money to support her child: “She said it was fast money, and although I felt ashamed waiting for clients, I had no choice but to see this through.”

Her first experience was unpleasant. Maria couldn’t say that she felt violated, but she did remember feeling ashamed all over.

There were customers that just wanted a companion to talk to, some who refused to wear condoms, and others that demanded more of her. “It was disgusting, to be honest. A different man every day. However, I had no choice,” Maria imparted, adding that she used to average P2,500 a day.

Not damsels in distress After interviewing Maria, 25-year old Elena and her friend Juana offered their stories. While finishing up a manicure with a customer, they ushered us to their bench and Elena started off with how she started sex work when she was two months pregnant.

Married as a teen, Elena’s husband was at the Plaza when he was almost stabbed to death. Young and frantic, she was forced to find quick means of obtaining money to pay for her husband’s hospital bills. Although a safe pregnancy was calling to her, the need to support her family called louder.

But there’s always a silver lining. Even after her husband survived the stabbing incident, they eventually separated and she raised her child as a single mother until she met her second husband—a customer.

On the other hand, Juana, who started when she was 15 years old, had experiences of near abuse from customers.

“One time, a drunk customer chased me with a knife in hand. Luckily enough, the guard hid me from the client,” she remarked, commenting what happened when she turned down her client’s demand to extend their session. Whenever customers acted up, they knew they had to fight back if it meant defending their own selves.

25

“If we give in to their judgement, we will only starve. We’re just poor.”

Curb the unchanging conundrum As the lights turned back on, Maria used to try ignoring her customers’ sympathetic looks as they handed her wadded up 500-peso bills. The woman didn’t need any more pity; her sympathy for herself was more than enough to last her five lifetimes.

Despite the harrowing advice her customers would give her about finding a better job, Maria couldn’t blame them. “They’re probably just trying to help. They have their own daughters; they’re probably worried their daughters would turn out like us,” she mused, the implications of the sentence hanging in the air.

But sex workers have already grown thick skins after enduring years of endless whispers and sideeyed glances from strangers. “We ignore them; nothing they say will help alleviate our situation,” Elena shrugged, adding that: “If we give in to their judgement, we will only starve. We’re just poor.”

Exposed and accustomed to dangerous vices, Juana bitterly echoed: “There are many wealthy customers who would’ve taken us seriously, but we chose to stay [at the Plaza] because of our vices. If we go with them, we can’t do such things anymore.” She further reinstated that the Plaza is full of temptations that the vulnerable can easily cave in to.

26

Although sex workers are allegedly the main reason behind the country’s high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Maria reassured that she and her colleagues regularly get free Pap smears and other healthcare services. But sex workers have already grown thick skins Yet with the recent pandemic toppling down livelihood, the sex industry alike was affected.

“People now are hesitant about the virus.

Back then, I used to earn P1,000 a day,” Elena elaborated, explaining how manicuring customers was now her sideline since customers are also afraid of contracting the virus.

A mere victim of circumstance, Elena looked towards the passersby sitting around the benches.

“I hope your perspective of us wouldn’t change just because this is how we work,” she sighed. She could’ve been like them, working a 12-hour shift in a blue-collar job to pay off rent if not for the vicious claws of poverty keeping her in place.

If given the chance to undo their involvement in the sex industry, all three women claimed they’d do it in a heartbeat, even if they’ve been working there as young as 16 years old. At the end of the day, everyone’s just trying their best to get through; it’s just that not everyone has equal privileges. S

DISCUSSION

Getting that one million views: a how-to Who are content creators? What do they do?

words by Patrick N. Billojan art by Earl John D. Pabular

“Anyone can be a content creator if, and only if, they can make their jobs, tasks, or projects interesting enough.”

From his LC Learns video to his “Gusto mo ‘yon?

Gusto ko ‘yon!” introduction, Lloyd Cadena, just like many YouTubers, had started from being a nobody to being somebody.

In today’s world, we have probably heard that line at least once. The aesthetic background topped with chill music and an upbeat tune combined with humor that leaves us breathless suddenly became the norm of our social media accounts. The advent of the internet has drastically changed the way we view and go about life, and this also paved a way for people who have a knack for editing, visuals, and entertainment to build an empire of their own.

When we hear the word “content”, especially in the world of social media, we think of anyone who produces content. For example, the distressed tweets of a student complaining about online class can be considered content, the funny meme of that kid who pulls out witty concepts out of a serious topic can be considered content, and the aesthetic Instagram photo of your friend that has 2,000 likes can also be considered content.

Each and every post we publish on the net is considered content, but are we considered content creators?

According to Andro Paul Semaña, 30, the owner of Paulee Wedding and Film and a YouTube vlogger, a content creator is someone who always thinks of concepts for vlogs and videos to inform, inspire, and entertain people. To make it simpler, anyone can be a content creator if, and only if, they can make their jobs, tasks, or projects interesting enough. So, how can you build your own media brand? What are the things you need to do to receive those silver, gold, and diamond play buttons?

27

First and foremost, in order for you to gather your fanbase and solidify your name as a content creator, you should create content that screams the word “you”. This means that you have to be true to who you are. Don’t fine-tune the way you move, speak, and behave in front of the camera. Stick to what you know and what you believe in; just don’t close your doors to constructive criticism.

Another technique you can learn is to practice and polish your photo and video editing skills. Yes, personality makes a huge impact on a creator’s success, but the photos and videos you post add additional impact on your brand. As stated by Semaña, storytelling and basic skills in editing and cinematography are skills that a content creator should possess.

Additionally, if you are interested in makeup, travelling, gaming, fashion, cooking, or whatever you have in your bag, use it as your main content. Focus on the things that you love doing, so you won’t get bored doing it. However, don’t be afraid to come out of your comfort zone because you never know, that might be something you would end up loving as well.

This next tip is very clichéd, but it holds true to anything that we do. Consistency is the key. Climbing your way to the top is not an easy feat especially when you are considered a nobody.

Thus, you need to build your way through consistency to get people to watch your videos. The first ten to twenty videos you will upload may not get that many views, but trust me, you will get there.

Above anything else, you have to keep in mind that presenting yourself to a lot of people through screens is not a road full of rainbows and butterflies. Some will really criticize everything you do, and the pressure of constantly being entertaining and engaging with your audience every time may put your back against the wall. But always remember you cannot please everybody. As much as we want to be that likable figure that everyone adores—that is not the case all the time. Successful content creators have read and heard a lot of hateful comments, but look at them now, they are living their dream because they were persistent, laser-focused, and goal-driven.

Being a creator means that you have people looking at you.

With the platform that you have and with the trendy cancel culture going on right now, one must be cautious and wary of their actions. However, the platform that you are going to build is not solely made for money and fame. You are there to speak, inspire, and motivate other people. You are not a creator if your community is not fashioned out of knowledge and inspiration.

So, get that camera and speak out, not only your intro and script, but also about the ideals you believe in and the movements you stand for. S

28

SOCIETY

Of males, females, and everyone in between

Just how big of a role does society play in the evolution of the term ‘gender’? words by Hana Patricia Raj E. Hautea art by Alexandra V. Bachoco

29

N

othing you know is truly real. The numeric value of gravity, faith and religion, and even the place of your birth—these are all figments of the human mind. The shirt you’re wearing isn’t white because colors don’t actually have names. We invented them.

See, such ideas exist because mankind mutually agrees that they exist. In other words, everything is a social construct.

Yet some man-made concepts are more universally-accepted than others. Things like the alcohol content in a shot of vodka or the specific mixture of gases we inhale are viewed as unchangeable facts or “absolute truths”. Gender is not one of them.

When you think of gender, what comes to mind?

For many, it’s two words: male and female. While this used to be an acceptable definition of the term, it’s taken a completely different meaning in recent years. “Male” and “female” now refer to a person’s sex, or their biological category based on what reproductive organs they have. Plain and simple— nothing but pure, objective science.

But especially in recent years, gender has become an evolving, non-binary concept. If sex is based on one’s biology, gender is anchored on the social aspect. The former is something you’re born with; the latter is something you do. And as confusing as that might seem, gender is actually something we perform.

30

Not in the sense where it’s a comedic act or a front we put up, but rather, we learn how to do gender.

Or as Candace West and Don Zimmerman (1987) so eloquently put it: society teaches us how to do gender.

Now, this whole charade starts from even before we’re conceived—what with color-coded baby showers. As we blossom into adolescence, we’re pressured into getting into male-female relationships to seem more “valuable”, with the cheerleader-quarterback dynamic lauded as the pinnacle of success. This introduces the curious notion of the heterosexual market, where one’s worth and power are equated with their adherence to heterosexual norms. Social hierarchies, anyone?

So when we were young, our parents reinforced this “gender” agenda for us, but as we grow older, we take this responsibility on ourselves. Teenage girls learn to act scared during horror movies so their boyfriend can swoop in and protect them, for example. Stunts like that instill in us that women are fragile creatures to be safeguarded, while men are dominant, macho overlords. Over time, we realize what is expected of our being “boys” and “girls”, and we submit to such norms because it’s all we ever know. That’s probably a reason why the patriarchal society continues to exist until today; the concept of women conforming to men has been ingrained in society since time immemorial.

However, the lines have blurred on what is

inherently masculine or feminine as of late. Men are embracing makeup and crop tops while still being confident in their masculinity.

Conversely, women are more comfortable lifting weights and are now shaving to feel good about themselves rather than because society said they should. (These aren’t as accepted in some places like the Philippines, but well, progress is progress!)

Gender isn’t viewed as a two-boxed facet anymore—the word now encompasses a myriad of meanings.

As a result, there are a lot of questions raised about the different terminologies under the umbrella term “gender”. A handy guide to clearing this confusion can be found in the popular abbreviation “SOGIE” (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression). Allow me to brush over it quickly: One’s sexual orientation refers to which sex you’re attracted to (heterosexual, homosexual, etc.) while gender identity refers to how you define your own gender (cisgender, transgender, etc.). Not just that, gender expression is how you outwardly express your gender, whether through clothing or behavior (feminine, masculine, androgynous, etc.).

It’s important to note that this word isn’t exclusive to the LGBTQ+ community—we all have our own classifications of SOGIE, which is why we need to be aware of it.

But we cannot possibly discuss gender without bringing up sexism, discrimination against the gay community, as well as the age-old struggle of women in general.

Despite the ever-growing advances of recent years, structural inequality and prejudice are everpresent as well. Kate Bornstein (1998) even says “gender is just a system to justify inequality”. There are so many serious issues rooted in practices we consider normal, like unpaid care work and the lack of equal rights for all.

Such is the extent of how society influences gender. From dictating how long our hair should be to labelling all male-female best friendships as “impossible”, our environment, our culture, and our peers all contribute towards molding the grand scheme that is our gender. It’s deep-rooted and unnoticeable, but every little aspect of how our world operates works towards differentiating males and females.

“The dominant ideology does not simply prescribe that male and female should be different— it insists that they simply are different,” Penelope Eckert and Sally McConnell-Ginet say in their book Language and Gender (2003).

But even if you’d rather stick to conservative ideals and you strongly believe that there are strictly two genders, it doesn’t take much to respect others’ preferences.

So, yes, gender may be a social construct like everything else in the world, but it is a fascinating, powerful one nonetheless. It serves as yet another testament to the ingenuity of the human race, and beyond that, the evolution of the human identity.

Gender just goes to show that every individual has their own unique interpretations of the self, and that those interpretations are limitless. S

“

From dictating how long our hair should be to labelling all malefemale best friendships as ‘impossible’, our environment, our culture, and our peers all contribute towards molding the grand scheme that is our gender.

31

conviction words by Hana Patricia Raj E. Hautea

32

Hope. Humanity. Resilience.

In these dreary times of panic and pandemonium, maintaining a strong façade is all the more taxing—emotionally, physically, and mentally. Ironically enough, it’s when we need to be resolute and steadfast that we find ourselves on our knees; tearing at the seams, falling apart.

But let our circumstances remind us that we are ultimately human.

An idiosyncrasy of the Homo sapiens species: we stand once more and fight tooth and nail to survive. It is first our pride and ego that force us back on shaky feet, but it is our conviction that moves us forward.

These pages encapsulate what it means to be alive in today’s bleak, chaotic world—to recall why we rise in the morning, to struggle against that which holds us back, and to nurture the burning, innate desire to evolve.

To think feeble flesh and bones can house a formidable soul.

Celebrating the intricacies of the human body.

We must acknowledge our limitations.

Remember what we’re living for.

How much further can humanity go?

May these pages serve to strengthen your conviction.

34

model Jean Paul E. Amit photographers Karl Brian T. Marqueza, Keilah N. Baldomar, & Inocencio John Keith B. Ferrer V production team Hana Patricia Raj E. Hautea, Lance Christian M. Juarez, Alexandra V. Bachoco, & Rodney A. Jarder Jr.

35

36

COVID-19

Online ‘Learning’ Discussing the inefficiency of online learning for this academic year. words by Gabriel M. Lezama art by Mikey Vincent T. Vicente

37

“Online learning really is online, but is it still learning?”

Y

ou’ve heard this one before. It’s a story almost as common as the pandemic itself, where students are stressed from the pressure of online classes, the change of environment, and connectivity issues that plague them from being able to work efficiently. Almost every victim of the online curriculum would bring this up at some point—and for good reason. It’s common, relevant, and for the meantime, unavoidable.

Yet there are other issues worth mentioning, especially those that don’t receive as much traction, such as high tuition fees despite an online platform, declining mental health of students, and home becoming more of a workplace. More often than not, online classes feel more like a to-do list of work rather than actual learning, and so it begs the question: “Online learning really is online, but is it still learning?”

In previous years before the pandemic, education was more systematic and streamlined, and people had multiple options for learning. Students could ask their teachers directly or go to the library for research, and the amount of distractions mid-class were minimized due to having a controlled working environment. Overall, school existed for its purpose of providing education, and one can argue that despite the possible boredom that came from being stuck inside those four walls, it was an effective way to learn.

While education is still something to be supported despite the pandemic, it can also be argued that even if safety is prioritized, one’s future is potentially being jeopardized due to the curriculum’s quality. Classes are more of attendance checks, and quizzes don’t guarantee that students learn from it anymore.

If the pandemic does last until 2021 or longer, then it would have a severe impact on the readiness of the next workforce. Years of being hidden behind computer screens without social interaction would stunt the ability of some to communicate effectively. Sure, one can chat or call their loved ones through social messaging apps, but it can’t replicate the feeling of talking face-to-face.

Back to an educational standpoint, the COVID batch lacks the field training and interaction that other batches had. A prime example of this would be students taking up medicine or chemistry. Online modules and written tasks aren’t enough for their line of work, as courses like these need a controlled environment where one can sharpen their skills, not just their knowledge. One alternative to this would be to implement controlled face-to-face classes, where students can get their needed hands-on training.

38

This can be observed in other countries, where classes meet face-to-face for their synchronous classes twice a week.

Focusing on the issue however, the graduates would be pressured in the workforce, lacking not only the communication skills mentioned earlier, but also the mental fortitude needed to handle high-maintenance work. This is partly due to the difficulty of maintaining quality education, seeing as how schools have to adapt to a new normal environment.

Public schools are an example of this concept; specifically in grade schools, where students’ assignments are almost the same as college workload. In some cases, the instructions may not be clear to the students, leaving them lost and confused. Some may not have the luxury to ask their parents for help, and instead have to rely on DepEd programs that have limited coverage. Frequently, the teachers only function to provide the tasks and some background info, but don’t formally teach the topic. This results in most students—still in their pre-teen years— having to deal with modules with little to no explanation or guidance.

This lack of a good foundation might affect their comprehension in their higher years, especially when they delve into advanced topics with limited knowledge on the subject. In the case of senior high school and college students, most have depended on mediums such as Google and YouTube because the material taught by the teachers is nothing compared to the scope and flexibility of the internet.

In the event that the pandemic does end and the world moves normally again, then the graduates of this current online learning experience would more or less be illequipped to handle the workload, demands, and pressure that their professions will bring on them. Unlike elementary, self-studying in college would be nonoptimal compared to being taught by a teacher in face-to-face classes.

As with anything in life, there are road bumps and obstacles that will impede your growth. But just like every challenge, these are all stepping stones for developing better mindsets and habits. Most students recognize the faults in the curriculum and resort to self-studying just because it seems more effective. Yes, quarantine is an issue, but that didn’t stop the educational system, and neither should it stop you. You’ve made it this far even with online “learning”, and that’s already an achievement worth remembering. S

HUMAN INTEREST

Grace with Fire A literary portrait of a mother, writer, and daughter of God. words by Elizabeth D. Fernandez photos by Rodney A. Jarder Jr.

39

“Her life, although riddled with frustrations and loss, became a fountain of inspiration for Patindol’s writing.”

T

hey say that the soul of a writer exists not within the body, but rather in ink-stained letters and pent-up musings aching to come out of fingertips. Joy, agony, fears, and spirit are bound in paper and read by voyeuristic readers, dissecting each and every thought so that they may learn, may relate, may feel who the writer is. This vulnerability is terrifying but necessary, especially in this age of desensitization, when the desire to be laid bare is so profound in order to feel a little more human in an epoch of apathy.

Mary Jean Lee “Jeanette” C. Patindol is a mother, writer, and daughter of God who recognizes the need for a society more attuned to their spirituality, emotions, and, in turn, to each other.

An alumni of the University of St. La Salle (USLS), Ms. Jean worked in their family business after graduating. Although financially lucrative, she admitted that it never brought her any joy. Instead, she recalls her happiest moments being when her head was buried in a book, reading or writing, and in the library halls and at the school chapel during her college years.

It was only after seven years of business, lavishing in material wealth yet suffering in emotional turmoil, that Ms. Jean quit her family establishment and pursued a teaching career in the USLS faculty.

This would turn out to be the right decision. Ms. Jean spent 23 years of her life teaching as an assistant professor in

40

USLS. Despite her occupation, the intensity of her passions for writing never wavered; instead, her love for writing flourished as it was nurtured by a community of empathetic, loving students.

“Work did not feel like work because I loved what I did, I was surrounded by a caring Lasallian family and culture, and so, I will always consider La Salle as my second home,” Ms. Jean admitted, confessing that the blossoming of her gifts stemmed from her time of sharing her talents of writing, teaching, and speaking to her students.

While teaching was such a huge part of her life, Ms. Jean is first and foremost a writer. That is why The Spectrum, the official publication of USLS, holds a special place in her heart.

Being a former News Editor and Editor-in-Chief herself, Ms. Jean earnestly accepted the invitation of becoming the adviser for the publication twice, allowing her to mentor aspiring writers for multiple years. The Spectrum became her sanctuary in her second home. Surrounded by a group of intelligent, talented, and passionate youths, she expressed her utmost love in guiding and nurturing them. To her, it was a way to repay all the blessings that the university had bestowed upon her.

Nonetheless, life moves on. While Ms. Jean undoubtedly cherished her time as a mentor, a greater calling drew her out of the comfort of her beloved university and thrusted her into

“Always be true to yourself. Be honest.

Be kind. Follow your Bliss.”

- Jean Patindol her greatest dream—to become a full-time writer.

The pandemic has practically overtaken everyone’s lives, for better or for worse. For Ms. Jean, it was for the better.

“The pandemic and quarantines have been a blessing in disguise for me, because I used the lockdowns to immerse myself again in doing what I love to do most—more abiding in God, reading, writing, taking long walks around our village, learning how to cook and garden, enjoying my children and family,” she revealed.

During quarantine, Ms. Jean recentered herself to her God-given purpose, and with prayers and inner peace, she retired from her teaching career and directed her talents into inspiring people through her books.

Ms. Jean is no stranger to the literary scene. Both her children’s books, Papa’s House, Mama’s House (2004) and Tight Times (2007), won the muchcoveted Alfredo Salanga Prize for the Philippine Board on Books for Young People (PBBY). Although intended for children, the books deal with heavier subjects; financial issues and single-parent households are all tackled in ways that educate younger children about the realities of the world without belittling them.

The books are a reflection of Ms. Jean’s life and the wisdom gained from the hardships she faced. Coming out of a toxic marriage 18 years ago, Ms. Jean had a difficult time explaining the burdens of separation and financial struggles to her son and two daughters. While others might completely shy away from the painful discussion topics, she instead used her love of writing to convey her thoughts to her children—along with plenty others who might be experiencing the same issues.

Her life, although riddled with frustrations and loss, became a fountain of inspiration for Ms. Jean’s writing. Instead of buckling under the pressure of hurt and confusion, she instead allowed herself to learn from her past, growing wiser and stronger each day and allowing her story to inspire others too.

Ms. Jean’s latest work includes the Diosa Ways books— Diosa 101: 3 Everyday Ways to Unveil the Goddess in You and Diosa 1.0: 8 Essential Goddess Ways to Your Royal Life— which focus on the more spiritual aspects of life. Specifically, the books entail a journey of the feminine divinity anchored on

forming an intimate relationship with God. A relationship that Ms. Jean urges everyone to nourish in the midst of the chaotic pandemic.

“It’s about growing and nurturing stronger mental and spiritual immune systems, too,” Ms. Jean replied, reiterating the importance of spiritual health amid turbulent times.

Formulated after her separation with her husband, Diosa Ways became a guidebook to life without the captivity of mundane fate. It is the concept of saying “no” to a small life and saying “yes” to the divinity present within. The Diosa way of living is a dogma of fulfillment for Ms. Jean, with her calling for a way to be rooted in one’s own authenticity and to respond to problems as a higher being.

Today, Ms. Jean continues to write on ways to achieve celestial spirituality. With a third Diosa book and an online school called The Diosa Academy coming out soon, Ms. Jean persists in fulfilling her higher destiny of teaching and inspiring people to be the best they can be. A person who has undoubtedly faced a lot, others can take motivation from her teachings and learn to be their own version of a Diosa—filled with grace and burning with passion. S

41

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Reweaving the genetic code The technological advancements of gene editing and its impact on humanity. words by Kynah Rhea B. Fuentes & Shan Marc O. Jabagat art by Mitchel G. Mariano

“Imagine after a decade or two, CRISPR treatment has become available to the general public and treatments for deadly diseases can now be bought over the counter.�

42

H

umankind always weaves patterns of knowledge. From cuneiforms up until codes, humanity has always strived to quench the thirst for a new discovery. In turn, the world has shifted drastically without anyone realizing that science has gone far beyond the limitations of man.

Just like how we were told that supercomputers would take over the world or how we’d be living with our clones, recent scientific discoveries have surpassed the things that used to be considered “impossible”. Of course, this has made the world of science fiction closer to reality. Now, we are at a point where humans have unlocked a new achievement: altering the code of life itself.

With genome editing, scientists can alter the DNA code of a living organism—disabling target genes, correcting harmful mutations, or changing the activity of specific genetic material.

Like a pair of scissors, scientists can cut part of a DNA and can either remove, add, or replace it.

The excitement that surged from this technology stemmed during the discovery of the biological code itself. When James Watson and Francis Crick pioneered the “double-helix” structure of DNA back in 1953, scientists started thinking of ways to tinker with it. Not long after, genetic engineering gained the spotlight for the discovery of recombinant DNA in 1971, the invention of synthetic insulin in 1982, and the first mammalian cloning in 1996.

Despite the impressive achievements, genome editing did not come into fruition easily. Solutions such as Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription Activator-Like Nucleases (TALENs) surfaced before the 2000s, but they are known to be expensive, complicated, and take a long time to complete.

After a decade or two, the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to scientists Dr. Jennifer Doudna and Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier for revolutionizing a tool that could modify the genetic code of an organism in a much easier and more efficient manner—CRISPR, one of the biggest developments among the list of gene-editing tools!

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated protein 9 or CRIPSR-Cas9 system, a naturally-occurring gene editing system found in prokaryotes, was discovered back in August 2012. This invention allowed scientists to modify the genetic code of almost any organism more precisely than ever. One or more genes can be added or removed at a time, making it an accomplishment to manipulate the DNA of an organism quicker than its predecessors.

The science community buzzed with excitement as to CRISPR’s numerous applications in medicine and in agriculture; plant scientists utilized it to create new crops such as mushrooms that do not brown easily and other researchers used the tool to revive extinct animals. Furthermore, doctors began testing this newfound instrument to cure genetic disorders such as sickle-cell anemia, hereditary blindness, genetic deafness, and even cancer and HIV. This revolutionary tool can provide a future where diseases are eliminated and curable. Imagine after a decade or two, CRISPR treatment has become available to the general public and treatments for deadly diseases can now be bought over the counter.

The biggest setback of CRISPR, however, emerged when scientists learned that gene editing may inadvertently cause deletions and complex genomic rearrangements, resulting in greater genetic havoc. Threats to humanity heightened when

Researchers at Stanford University developed microfluidic chips using CRIPSR-Cas12 that can detect COVID-19, and are currently working with automakers to turn the prototype into a market-ready product. succeeding studies showed that CRISPR-edited genes can accidentally cause cancer.

Last April 2015, researchers of Sun Yat-sen University announced they had used CRISPR to edit the genomes of nonviable human embryos. The experiment, however, was unsuccessful.

The controversy of utilizing CRISPR to produce children became the key agenda at the 2015 International Summit on Human Gene Editing. Nearly every speaker agreed that making irreversible changes to every cell in the bodies of future children and all their descendants would constitute extraordinarily risky human experimentation. The tool, if not used wisely, could cause more harm than good.

Unfortunately, the biggest controversy happened in 2018 when a Chinese scientist named He Jiankui announced at the Human Genome Editing Conference that he had created the world’s first human babies with CRISPR-edited genes—a pair of twins, named Lulu and Nana, that were HIV-resistant.

This resulted in widespread criticism from different scientists across the world who were horrified and dismayed at He’s work. The director of the National Institutes of Health, Francis Collins, even said in a statement that the experiment was deeply disturbing and disregarded international ethical norms. Disclosure of He’s research sparked a debate about the ethics of gene editing and raised the prospect of a future in which parents produce “designer babies” with selectively improved traits.

Humankind always weaves patterns of knowledge. The rapid improvements in science and technology, while beneficial to humanity, also cause many ethical and welfare concerns. Yet major challenges continue to await humans, since the world will progress for as long as there remain things to be discovered.

Although genome editing poses a promising future for mankind where they will be able to preselect traits, it is also imperative to weigh the risks that are present. The world we are in makes the infeasible feasible. And it is likely that in the near future, gene editing may have already rewoven the code of life forever. S

43

DISCUSSION

The Imposter Among Us A closer look on why your insecurities always surface whenever you achieve something on your own. words by Immalie Rose E. Cafifge & Kiara Nicole D. Villa art by Jaziel Ann V. Seballos

H

ave you ever felt undeserving of the fruit of your own sweat and hard work? Does the endless gnawing of self-doubt persist amongst the sea of compliments— debunking all your efforts? If you think you are this person, or if you know someone who feels this way, let me introduce our unpopular friend, impostor syndrome.

Firstly, impostor syndrome is not a mental health disorder; however, it may lead to mental illness when left unchecked. This may be temporary, yet it can reach a point where one might need to seek a therapist or counselor to

44

cope suff iciently. Also called “impostor phenomenon”, it was coined in 1978 by clinical psychologists Suzanne Imes and Pauline Clance. Ever heard whispers in between tangled thoughts telling you that you’re a fraud and that you are unworthy of credit? This personif ies the mean friend that says rude things about you inside your vast mind. But f irst, let’s call him Mr. Charles Atan, from the word “Charlatan” meaning “fraud”. So, what causes Mr. Charles to act this way?

A person who has impostor syndrome suffers the

“As a matter of fact, learning to listen to and understand your emotions debunks the greatest enemy that is none other than your own negativity.” aftermath of anxiety and the endless fear of failing.

Moreover, the weight of misery heavies with each mistake, and self-incrimination eventually gets ordinary.

Thus, suspicious impostors do not only exist on that popular game you play with your peers, because little do you know, impostors also exist within us.

A situation that lures Mr. Charles in is when an innocent child grows up in an abusive home. The unending abuse, violence, and constant criticism inside the household can lead to a crescendo of trepidation and an inferiority complex that they might have diff iculties overcoming as they grow up. Among the aforementioned cruelties, speaker Lou Solomon of Ted Talk The Surprising Solution to the Impostor Syndrome aff irms that verbal abuse is the worst. It ruins the perception of the self like an ineradicable tattoo of painful perfectionism.

On the f lip side, social media is one of the main contributors to impostor syndrome, as it has been known that not everything you see there is real. Pictures are either photoshopped or f iltered, and standards for authenticity become idealistic. Typically, go-getters in life are more prone to acquire the syndrome.

Contrarily, young artists attract Mr. Charles when they think they don’t deserve success nor are capable enough to display artworks because of the glooming defeat that hangs in the back of their minds: “You need more practice!”

Furthermore, impostor syndrome takes control of individuals who are: Perfectionists: You tend to stress over failures regardless of them being big or small, and any petty mistake makes you question your competence. As a result, not reaching your intergalactic ambitions may lead to self-loathing and anxiety.

Natural Geniuses: You constantly think you aren’t good enough despite accomplishing given tasks. This is also known as a procrastinator who sets high standards, yet fails to prioritize work.

Soloists: Regardless whether you f inished a task alone or with colleagues, you don’t think you deserve success despite your efforts. You think others have contributed more because acknowledging your achievements will make you look like a fraud, and what attributes to your success are only external forces such as luck and the efforts of others.

Superhumans: You push yourself to work harder to prove that you are not an impostor. You constantly feel the need to be the best in everything, compare your own success with other people, and continually aim for unrealistic expectations.

Aside from the bitter effects that Mr. Charles inf licted you with, know that there is a crewmate that lies within you. Be kinder to yourself. It doesn’t take much to compliment and acknowledge yourself and your own hard work. Dismiss the lies that Mr. Charles whispers every night and don’t trust misconceptions that make you feel inadequate. As a matter of fact, learning to listen to and understand your emotions debunks the greatest enemy that is none other than your own negativity.

When faced with challenges related to artistry, Psychology student from University of St. La Salle Nikita Amisola remarked: “It’s hard not to look at these obstacles negatively, but I def initely try to align myself with a more positive outlook. Again, it’s really all about growth. No artist is perfect, not even when they’ve created their magnum opus . There will always be room to be better.”

A solution to getting rid of Mr. Charles is to remember the most important thing—that life is precious and the only way to survive in a chaotic world is to live and love with no regrets. Know that failure is a way to learn from past mistakes, because the truth is that everyone fails! On top of that, remember that despite the disappointments and self-criticism, no amount of impostor syndrome can ever measure your worth as a person. Believe in yourself. S

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

HILIGAYNON

Madinalag-on sa bahin sang kabudlay words by Ma. Kristine Joy R. Bayadog photo courtesy of Philippine Reef and Rainforest Conservation Foundation, Inc.

Ang pagsirado sang negosyo nga Wala Usik sa katung-an sang pandemya.

A

ng tagsa ka siyudad sang nasyon amo ang ginapadalagan sang ekonomiya; humalin sa mga ginagmay pakadto sa dalagko nga mga negosyo. Apang sa pag-abot sang pandemya, dako ang gindulot nga epekto sini sa mga negosyo ilabi na gid ang micro, small, kag medium enterprises.

Kabahin sa mga MSME’s nga nagsirado amo ang mga negosyo nga Donburi, Dok Manok, kag Ministop— tatlo sa mga bantog nga kalan-an kag tambayan sang mga Lasalista, Agustinian, kag mga estudyante sang Riverside—sa ila mga bakante nga oras.

Isa pa ang Wala Usik Tyangge + Kapehan sa mga nagsira nga mga negosyo sa subong nga tuig—isa ka nonprofit social enterprise nga ginpundar sang Philippine Reef and Rainforest Conservation Foundation, Inc. (PRRCFI) sa ila ika-25 nga anibersayo.

Pinasahi ang pagpasimpalad sang negosyo bangud malaka lang nga may ara negosyo ang magatindog sa merkado nga nagasulong sang zero waste kag sustainability-driven lifestyle. “Indi lang ini basta negosyo kundi isa ka negosyo para magpadayon sang adbokasiya nga indi lang para sa mga tawo kundi para sa kawsa sang katilingban, ilabi na gid ang palibot,” tuman ni Dave Albao, Executive Director sang PRRCFI. Matapos ang isa ka tuig nga pagtinir sang negosyo sa merkado, sila amo

56

ang opisyal nga nagsira sang ila pisikal nga baligyaan sang ika-30 sang Setyembre. Apang sa pagsira sang negosyo, ginsigurado ni Albao nga sila magaayop sang iban nga pamaagi agud maka-serbisyo sa taga-konsumo. Ang negosyo amo ang magasige sa pagbaligya paagi sa online nga plataporma kag nagalaum nga magabalik sa pisikal nga merkado sa madason nga tuig.

Ang negosyo amo ang magapadayon sang ila kawsa nga may ara sang tatlo ka tulumuron: Magsuporta sa adbokasiya sang pundasyon Ang kinitaan sang Wala Usik amo ang maga-diretso sa mga programa nga ginapatuman sang PRRCFI. Ini nga mga programa amo ang biodiversity conservation, nature tourism, environmental education, solid waste mangement, zero-waste initiatives, kag iban pa.

Dako ang ginabulig sang kawsa sa mga palibot agud mamentinar ang kalimpyo, kaayo, kag katahom sini.

Gina-edukar kag gina-motibar man sang kawsa ang mga indibidwal nga makigbahin sa paghangop sa ikaayong lawas kag kahimtangan sang bug-os nga kalibutan.

Mangin ecologically sustainable Tuyo sang negosyo nga mangin praktikal sa pagpamakal kag

pagkonsumo sang mga produkto amo nga ila ginapasakdag ang plastic-free kag zero-waste practice.

Ini ang duwa ka pamaagi agud mabuhinan ang ila carbon footprint.

Kaisa sa malaka ang makaagum sang negosyo nga ecologically sustainable—sa tunga sang pagtubo sang komersyo—ang isa ka siyudad. Ang amo nga negosyo makapaganyat sa mga konsumidor sa merkado nga puno sang pagpaindis-indis. Ini nga konsepto amo ang nagadugang man sa pagpahamot sa imahe sang Wala Usik.

Magbulig sa komunidad Nagatatap sa komunidad ang negosyo pamaagi sa paghatag sang oportunidad ilabi na sa mga gagmay nga mga negosyante. Ang produkto sang Wala Usik amo ang ginakuha kag ginabakal sa bulto halin sa ginatuga nga produkto sang mga lokal nga negosyo. Ang Wala Usik mismo amo ang nagabuylog kag nagasuporta lokal.

Nagalaum si Albao nga sa tuig 2021, magabukas sila sang pisikal nga baligyaan para sa Wala Usik— bag-o nga lugar nga makasunod sa patakaran sang physical distancing agud mamentinar ang panglawas nga seguridad sang mga manugbakal.

Pisikal man nga nagsira ang negosyo, ang istorya kag kawsa sang kada produkto nga ila ginabaligya amo ang magapadayon asta matuman nila ang ila tuyo.

Para sa mga gagmay nga negosyo sa merkado pareho sang Wala Usik, dako ang igo sang sini nga pandemya kag wala kita sang ideya kung san-o ini tubtob. Apang may ara sang isa ka bagay kita nga hugot nga ginakapyutan— ang paglaum nga isa ka adlaw, makabangon kita tanan. S

“Pisikal man nga nagsira ang negosyo, ang istorya kag kawsa sang kada produkto nga ila ginabaligya amo ang magapadayon asta matuman nila ang ila tuyo.”

SOCIETY

3 from 109 million words by Lance Christian M. Juarez art by Jaziel Ann V. Seballos

Meet three progressives who created ripples from virtue of social responsibility.

57

Despite the simple logic, the TV host unapologetically argued against this, insisted on blaming the victims, and sprinkled in the term hija condescendingly.

Needless to say, Frankie stood firm to her principles and amassed 20k tweets in her support, spawning #HijaAko, a Twitter trend condemning the enabling of rape culture. Her statements echoed ideas that were not new, but emphasized the concept that rape exists because of rapists.

Persisting grit and passion are precursors to societal change. It’s in this pervasive drive that the youth is able to see the inadequacies of the world and seek to correct it. Ultimately, activism comes from basic empathy and the tug of morality amid instances of oppression.

The youth, the forerunners of generations to come, will always feel the world emphasizing the responsibility of leading the present day forward— just like the words of a parent warning of adulthood. As a country with a tumultuous history, we have our own share of young flames leading the way to a more just Filipino community; these are but three of the 109 million Filipinos who are doing just that.

Million-dollar concept Singer-songwriter Simone Francesca Emmanuelle “Frankie” Pangilinan has always been fond of literature, but more notably, she’s been outspoken ever since she was a child. Described as “precocious” by her father Senator Francis Pangilinan, young Frankie grew up accompanying her dad to government events, molding her political understanding.

“Frankie was at the Quirino Grandstand in Luneta for the inauguration of PNoy as president in 2010. I brought her along to the oathtaking of Leni (Robredo) as vice president in 2016.

Frankie was also with me during the visit of Pope Francis in Malacañang in 2016. All that may have broadened her perspective about national affairs,” Francis Pangilinan said in a Philippine Daily Inquirer article.

Her parents have always been supportive of the 19-year-old’s endeavors and opinions in the online world—one recent instance of which are her tweets against TV host Ben Tulfo about rape culture in the Philippines.

For quick context, a Facebook post advising women to dress conservatively to avoid harassment was met with Frankie’s response which read: “STOP TEACHING GIRLS HOW TO DRESS??

TEACH PEOPLE NOT TO RAPE.”

58

Our environmental plight Even in the midst of a global health crisis, advocates for environmental protection and activism thrive in the spaces of the online world. As with many present-day progressives, Jefferson Estela’s advocacy of youth empowerment and the intersection of social justice and climate crisis action came from one part inspiration and another part personal experience.

Driven by the effect of super typhoon Yolanda and by 17-year-old Swedish activist Greta Thunberg, Estela co-founded Youth Strike 4 Climate Philippines and, along with other climate activists, organized the country’s first nationwide youth climate strike in May of 2019. The strike gathered more than a thousand participants—multiple groups around the country gathering for the same ideal.

“Our survival is non-negotiable; that’s why we are taking [to] the streets, because climate change is the biggest problem the world [is facing] and it isn’t being addressed quickly enough,” Estela stressed in a 350 Pilipinas article.

The movement then grew into an even bigger nationwide rally in September of the same year with participants from around 28 locations, all of whom were advocating for the declaration of a climate emergency, the use of renewable energy, the phasing out of fossil fuels, and the safety of environmental workers.

Jefferson demonstrated just how far a combination of inspiration and action can take a person. Along with the support of peers and like-minded people, who knows what else can be achieved?

Close to home Even in the spaces of our very own Bacolod City, activism can be found on the streets and in the conversations of young Bacolodnons.

Hailing from St. John’s Institute or Hua Ming, Gino Lim Lopez is an advocate for press freedom, the rights of the LGBTQ community, and climate action, among others.

Lopez can be found in the dialogues of Tribu Duag, a nonprofit LGBTQ youth organization in

“

As a force that prods unjust status quos, activism manifests as the foundation of safe spaces and the bedrock of revolutions.

the city, and writes for Paghimutad, an independent alternate media outlet in Negros Island. As someone who’s used to marching on the streets of Bacolod with his peers and fellow advocates, Gino knows just how his ideologies are viewed in the eyes of apologists and enablers.

Despite the red-tagging of leftist groups and the passing of the AntiTerrorism Law, Lopez remains firm in his activism with the Bacolod Youth Alliance nonetheless, maintaining solidarity among the Bacolodnon youth.

As a force that prods unjust status quos, activism manifests as the foundation of safe spaces and the bedrock of revolutions. Similarly, the youth will always be compelled to voice out what they think is right. And as the trailblazers of the technological age, today’s youth bears social responsibility and global awareness unrivaled by those of generations. S

DISCUSSION

Life’s Little Pauses

On the nature of a breakdown and what it actually means to break down. words by Carl Hason T. Gerale art by Earl John D. Pabular

59

Have you ever gotten to a point where, after championing all-nighters and morning hustles, all the stress from your everyday life finally caught up to you? Like a moment of realization of how towering the mountain of your unfinished works are, how overworked and emotionally drained you are, or even how unfulfilled you are with yourself and your life in general. Breakdowns can be comparable to getting all these ugly epiphanies flushed down the drain one after the other before they end up clogging the pipes. And now you have an overflowing on your metaphorical sink.

When you undergo a breakdown, you reach an inevitable pause in your life where you enter a state of unproductive immobility, or in general, a system malfunction. The face of this breaking down could take the form of isolation in bed, falling ill, chaotic bawling episodes, or doing things that we wouldn’t usually do in regular circumstances. Unique individuals as we are, the manifestation of this very human experience varies from person to person in appearance and in intensity, albeit they all pose the same order—to finally listen.

Oftentimes, there are requests our bodies make that we keep setting aside to make room for the demands of the ever-progressing world. It has always been a priority to keep moving and fulfill expectations set upon us, one that is given greater value than heeding bodily pleas for respite. After getting swept under the rug for so long, the body’s call for health skyrockets in decibels, finding their ways to make themselves known. But this time, in more prominent means of getting us to attend to them with no room for overused excuses.

Ironically, these mostly ill-timed interruptions in our day-to-day hustle prove to be signboards of opportunities as much as they appear to be irksome inconveniences. In a video from The School of Life on the Importance of Breakdowns, philosopher Alain de Botton states that “a breakdown is not merely a random piece of madness or malfunction, it is a very real—albeit very inarticulate—bid for health.” It is a call of our body for a shift— redirecting us to a process of personal growth and understanding the self.

Breakdowns remind us of how human we are.

And as beings with limitations and capricious minds, we are subjects to missteps and changes in opportunistic times like this. The process of breaking down is not merely a series of painful repercussions from our poor actions and decisions.

In the words of Botton, we can also perceive it as an “extraordinary opportunity to learn.” This could signify the insistence for a change in our lifestyle or the presence of something that is not working out for us anymore—a routine, a relationship, or something else.

Our bodies would like to establish a give and take relationship with us: a clear and healthy communication between our needs and wants,

60

“

Ironically, these mostly ill-timed interruptions in our day-to-day hustle prove to be signboards of opportunities as much as they appear to be irksome inconveniences.

so we can heed its requests while using its resources. More often than not, we work our body and not with our body. And out of desperate attempts to get our attention, it shuts our system down to make us listen. Botton says, “If we can put it paradoxically, it is an attempt to jumpstart a process of getting well, properly well, through a stage of falling very ill.”

However, recovery is never instant; and so, this highlights the need for us to usher in healing through helpful ways. One can start practicing relaxation methods like breathing exercises to help in placating the mind and ushering in mindful awareness of one’s body. Readjusting your daily routines such as setting sleeping schedules, reassessing diet, and giving time for physical exertion can also help in bringing in better lifestyle changes. Talking to a trusted someone or a counselor or psychologist is also good to give way for healthy emotional and mental releases.

Breakdowns, from its titular composition itself, tells of the breaking down of the self or parts of it that no longer fulfill their purpose. It clamors for a shift into something new—something that is more authentic, self-aware, and grown. And sometimes, we just have to see how clogged up and congested our metaphorical sinks are to realize that plumbing is necessary for us to actually do and be better. S

HUMAN INTEREST

Rising Amidst Adversity

Recounting the experiences of a COVID-19 survivor.

words by Adrianne H. Saplagio & Shan Marc O. Jabagat photos by Inocencio John Keith B. Ferrer V

R

esilient.

If the human race can be described using a single word, that word would be “resilient”. We are a race that has survived through millennia amidst the adversities brought upon by thousands of natural calamities, outlived a number of species—though admittedly, we were probably the cause of their extinction—and we have found ways to combat disease and heal injuries, leading to life spans longer than what previous humans were blessed with.

As life keeps finding new obstacles to throw at us, we somehow manage to find a way to jump through the hurdle as if our lives depend on it—and that’s because it does.

Eminently, life has recently presented us with a stumbling block that’s particularly hard to leap over.

COVID-19 has claimed over a million lives all over the world and has left billions either in mourning, filled with fear, or both. We are yet to create a vaccine for it, let alone a cure. As our frontliners and scientists toil to keep the infected as healthy as they can be, the virus continues to take more lives, and as unnerving as it may be to hear, it must be said: no one is safe. It doesn’t matter how careful you are. It doesn’t matter that you use your facemasks and face shields. It doesn’t matter that you wash your hands as often as you can. These are precautions, not guarantees of health. When Mr. Jose Jeffrey Puentespina discovered that he was COVID-positive after upholding all the rules that the government had implemented, he fully realized the truth of that statement.

Mr. Jose Jeffrey Puentespina is a guidance counselor for both the college and Liceo departments at USLS. He is

the assigned counselor for the Engineering department, and he has been with La Salle for around eight years, on and off. “Actually, in the contact tracing, I really don’t know kung diin ko gid sa na kwa because I’m always at home,” he shared. His wife has lupus, which makes her immunocompromised, so Mr. Puentespina was in charge of running errands. As he understood the risks of going outside, he would always make sure to wear his mask and face shield, which is why the news of him being positive took him and his wife by surprise.

It all started on Sept. 4, Friday, when his wife discovered that he seemed to be having a fever. Starting then, he decided to isolate himself at home, checking his temperature which fluctuated from normal to feverish.

On Sept. 8, after an anxiety-fueled weekend, he decided to get swabbed. The testing took him around four thousand pesos, and there were so many people, whom he surmised to be LSIs or OFWs. Mr. Puentespina got his results 24 hours after the test and it was confirmed—he had the virus. He couldn’t help but try to deny it. “I couldn’t believe it because there seemed to be no symptoms.”

Protocol dictates that COVID-positive patients must be quarantined immediately. After the results came out, Mr. Puentespina had a choice—he was either going to be isolated in his own hospital room or a quarantine facility.

61

“

As our frontliners and scientists toil to keep the infected as healthy as they can be, [...] it must be said: no one is safe.

“

Though most of his concerns regarding quarantine facilities revolved around crosscontamination because of public bathrooms, it also included the difficulties of getting medicine on time as patients shoulder the responsibility of acquiring their own medications.

Fortunately, their insurance provider found him a hospital room in the South Bacolod General Hospital.

Upon his arrival, he was met with the morbid sight of a dead body, whose feet he could still see. In the two hours it took just to get his blood sample taken in the triage, Mr. Puentespina saw how understaffed our frontliners were—nurses were moving back and forth attending to cases that were not limited to coronavirus patients. That day, the only thought that ran through his mind as he watched someone treat a patient who was struggling to breathe was “Oh my God, COVID really is real.”

62

His progression grew worse on the fifth day of his confinement as he started having trouble breathing himself.

Communication became difficult as well as he had to rely on his phone to talk with his peers and his wife. It was during these days that he fully appreciated the support of the people in his life.

He was grateful for the comfort they provided—his doctor who would send him prayers at 3 in the morning, CELAM who included him in masses, his colleagues who would pray for him, and his wife who provided him with never-ending love and support during these trying times. Amidst his adversities, he turned to God as it gave him a sense of security and refuge.

Luckily, he recovered after a full 15-day quarantine and was discharged thereafter. “To the infected: you have my prayers.

You have my solidarity because I’ve been there. To those who are not infected, please observe social distancing, [wearing of] facemasks, and frequent washing of hands with alcohol or with soap,” he remarked. Mr. Puentespina reminds the public that only the creation of a vaccine or a cure would end this pandemic and nothing else. “We still need to observe the standard of hygiene so that we are able to provide a sense of security to our community,” he added.

Despite all the precautions he took, they became proof that preventions do not provide certainties for the dangers of COVID are very real—and, again, that no one is still safe. S

As of November 11, 2020, there have been 33.5M recoveries over 51.5M total COVID-19 cases worldwide.

63

64

65

66

68

69