The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus + Prototype
Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
Classroom Block Cafe Block Workshop Block Storage Pond Hydo Pipeline Existing Buildings
The aim of this project is to provide a remedy to the lack of traditional skilled talent in the Scottish Borders with a training centre. As well as providing services to increase unemployment and improve the energy efficiency of the buildings in the local area. Why a training centre? • 450,000 traditionally constructed building (Historic Scotland, 2011) • 20,000 are employed in maintaining heritage buildings (Historic Scotland, 2011). • 35% of construction sector is in repair and maintenance (Historic Scotland, 2011) • Annual recruitment of 1,430 is required for the built environment (Historic Scotland, 2011) • One million deep retrofits are required a year (Green Building Council, 2015
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile
Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture MSc Programmes in Advanced Sustainable Design
Why here? • Unemployment in is Galashiels 5.9% (Scotland’s Census, 2010). • A number of houses in Galashiels are of traditionally built and many area empty. • 10 minutes from Tweedbank Station therefore 60 minutes from Edinburgh. • Close to Boarders Campus and a direct pathway will strengthen link. • It take 2 months for a third of people to gain skilled labour (Historic Scotland, 2011) • Jean Muir student village can provide accommodation. • The Gas works site has minimal environmental value. What does it provide? • Large fully enclosed project area in the Gas Storage Tank • Workshop teaching facilities • Classrooms • Café and Food Hall • Office & Reception in old existing building • Hydro Power Plant • Sewage Heat recovery
Exhibitio
Borders College Tweedbank Station Walkway Site location
Project B
Sewage Recover
Permeab Programme Proposition Classroom Block Cafe Block
Receptio
Cafe & F
Workshop Block Storage Pond Hydo Pipeline Existing Buildings
Classroo
Stop t
The dow
council h
The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus + Prototype
Stop the Flood. The downfall to being so close to the Gala water is the risk of flooding. However the last time the area flooded was in the 90’s. The local council has already put in reassures to reduce flooding in the area but the floodwall finishes short of the site. The site is however protected by the banks of the old railway, which surrounds three side of the site. However due to climate change further measure should also be put into place, a Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture more naturalinway than continuing this flood wall is installing MSc Programmes Advanced Sustainable Design an offline storage pond (SEPA, 2015). When floodwater rises to a certain level the will enter via a side weir to the storage pond to hold the water while the river level is raised. When waters go below the weir level then the vertical lift gate can be lifted releasing the water back into the river (JC Ack-ers, 2009).
The Resilient Borders Project Prospectus Document
Skills Traditional
Volumetric Proposition Exhibition Area
Skills Traditional
Walkway
Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
Volumetric Proposition Grinder Crane Support
Volumetric Proposition
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile
Roof Providing
TheSheltered Resilient Borders Project Space Prospectus Document
Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture Borders MSc Programmes in College Tweedbank Station Advanced Sustainable Design
Project Build Area
Delivery Access Shower/WC
Sewage Heat Recovery
Workshop
Exhibition Area
Permeable Paving
Material Storage
Reception
Borders College Tweedbank Station Walkway
Cafe & Food Hall
Roof Providing Sheltered Space
Crane Area Pathway from Borders College
Classrooms
Grinder Crane Support
Stop the Flood. Project Build Area
The downfall to being so close to the Gala
Delivery Access Shower/WC
council has already Sewage Heat put in reassures to reduce
Workshop
Recovery
short of the site. The site is however protected by the banks of the old railway which surrounds Permeable Paving three side of the site. However due to climate change further measure should also be put Reception into place, a more natural way than continuing
Cafe & Food Hall
a certain level the will enter via a side weir to the storage pond to hold the water while the river level is raised. When waters go below the weir Classrooms level then the vertical lift gate can be lifted releasing the water back into the river (J C Ackers, 2009).
Stop the Flood.
The downfall to being so close to the Gala
Material Storage Up Flow River
Side Weir
Off-line Storage Pond
Vertical Lift Gate
Outlet Pipe Down Flow river
Crane Area Pathway from Borders College
page two
The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus Classroom Classroom + Prototype Block Block Classroom Classroom Block
Classroom Block Plan
Workshop Block Plan
Workshop Block IT Room
Seminar Room 1 Classroom Classroom
Seminar RoomIT2Room
WC
IT Room
Seminar Room 1 Plant Room Seminar Room 1
Seminar Room 2
WC
Seminar Room 2
WC
Plant Room Plant Room
Workshop Block Workshop Block
Large Workshop
Large Workshop Large Workshop
Cafe Block
Cafe Block CafĂŠ Block Plan Cafe Block Dinning Space
WC
WC
Dinning Space
WC
Kitchen Dinning Space
Kitchen Kitchen
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
Large Workshop
Large Workshop
WC Large Workshop
Large Workshop
WC
Large Workshop
Large Workshop
WC
The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus + Prototype
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
Prototype Natural Module
Aims The proposal is to produce a building that will be used as an education resource to show how traditional methods for construction can be used in connection with modern methods of construction, as well as a cafĂŠ for the Skills Traditional Centre. Therefore, all elements and connections will be left visible where possible to allow for visual learning. Furthermore, many different types of material and methods will be used, again to provide a visual learning experience. As a result of traditional building material being used, the building will have a vernacular nature, this will be followed with the choice of modern materials where required. The building will be modular to allow to for easy deconstruction and reconstruction. Also the workshop area will allow for pre-construction on-site. The module for the cafĂŠ is the one I am going to focus on in particular. Prefabrication An Element or planar system is defined as linear or 2D components in the form of assemblies of structural frames and wall panels, Where a Modular system is 3D fully constructed Element normally including services where applicable. When using a planar system, it has been predicted to save between 15- 25% in investment value and 20%-30% in construction time. The prefabrication of units means that there is a possibility deconstructed and reconstructed without having to change form. This means that building element can be reused rather than being recycled. Pre-fabrication can be undertaken on-site once the building of the roofed workshop place is complete. This strategy helps to keep labour recruitment within the local area with all the benefits of prefabrication. This is especially important in Galashiels as it has unemployment levels of 5.9%, above the national average. This Module can be split down into to planar wall elements and one roof module. These elements can be repeated to create any length of building that is divisible by three.
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Detail Section Modules
1. Roof Module 2. South Wall Planar system 3. North Wall Planar system
The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Modcell Wall U-value: 1. Larch Cladding with Batters 600mm centres 2. Window/Ventilation 3. Breather board 12mm 4. Straw Bales 400mm 5. Glue-lam and I-beam Structural frame 3000 x 3200 x 400mm 6. OSB 15mm
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus + Prototype
Modcell: Modcell provides structural prefabricated panels that are insulated with straw bales sourced from the local area. The panel are structurally stable up to 3 stories high and don’t need a structural frame. The panels are carbon negative with each panel sequestering 1128kg of CO2 from the atmosphere and have a U value of 11W/m2K meeting both Scottish Regulation and Passivhaus standards. Straw: Straw is one of the most local materials that can be used for this site in a strong agricultural region. Modcell will source the Straw from within 30 miles. The straw is used for thermal isolation, sound insulation and moisture buffering. Larch: Like most timber in the Scotland, larch is from a well-managed forest, which is accredited by the FSC. Russwood are a company that supplies timber in Scotland and they source their Larch from within 100 miles. This keeps the timber within Scotland, reducing the energy used in transit. Due to the resin and durability of larch it doesn’t require coatings and it can last for 40 years. 1 2 3
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
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Slates: Reclaimed slate is readily available, with a low embodied energy of 0.5 MJ/kg and a global warming potential of 1.3 kgCO2-equ/m2 50 years. Slates are easily replaced, although their durable nature spans for 100’s of years.
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Roof U-value: 0.120 W/m2K 1. Ridge Tile allows for air flow under Slates 2. Reclaimed Scottish Slate 3. Battens allowing air flow underneath 4. Felt underlay 5. 15mm OSB 6. Sheep’s Wool Insulation 300mm 7. Scott’s Pine 300mm thick 600mm centres 8. Pine Board
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Wool Insulation: It would make sense to make the most of this natural and easily available local material in insulate the roof. Wool insulation has a resistivity of 0.4 W/ mK with a global warming potential of 2.0 kgCO2-equ/ m2 50 year (Berge, 2009).
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Oak: Green Oak is Oak that hasn’t fully dried, which makes it is easier to work. The air-drying process means no energy is need to kiln dry. Furthermore, if the Oak foresting is sustainably managed then it is carbon negative. Lime: Lime is used as a substitute for cement for the foundations and screed and is widely used in traditional construction. Lime is carbon negative, it is great for using for foundations but takes up to 90 days to set.
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1. Curtain wall structure 2. Oak window frames 3. Triple glazed window 4. Moveable solar shading
1. Curtain wall structure 2. Oak window frames 3. Triple glazed window 4. Moveable solar shading
Roof U-value: 0.120 W/m2K 1. Ridge Tile allows for air flow under Slates 2. Reclaimed Scottish Slate 3. Battens allowing air flow underneath 4. Felt underlay 5. 15mm OSB 6. Sheep’s Wool Insulation 300mm 7. Scott’s Pine 300mm thick 600mm centres 8. Pine Board
The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus + Prototype
Summer Day All windows are open allowing for natural ventilation to successfully cool the space. From testing a using IES the space can be cooled and CO2 removed via natural ventilation when the room occupancy is 1.5 people/m2 (seminar room) but for higher occupancy (classroom) auxiliary ventilation is need to reduce CO2 levels. Even though the high roof space helps to reduce CO2 concentration lower down. The thermal mass of the ground floor is exposed which helps cool the building. Summer Night During the night the heat stored in the Limecrete slab is released back into the room and ventilated out through the top window. The window will only open when the internal temperature is more than 24°C to help reduceheat loss.
The bottom window will stay closed for security reasons. Winter Day Due to the air tight and highly insulated nature of the building the there is a requirement to use auxiliary ventilation in the form of a fan coil system to condition the air quality, as natural ventilation results in too much heat loss. However the top window will open if internal temperatures reach 24°C. Heat is also provided through under floor heating which in the limecrete slab. Both systems are connected to a heat pump, which is connected to the sewage heat recovery system. Winter Night For the building to have maximum efficiency the air tightness of the building is very important. Being a
modular building there are less joints therefore there less of a chance for air to leak out. The building is also highly insulated to help to reduce any heat loss further. Day Lighting The curtain glazing is designed to make the most of the south facing so gain solar energy to heat the space. But solar shading is required to make sure gain is limited in the summer months. The shading is also designed to move to keep the lighting within the rooms at a constant level and to reduce the glare. The high level of the glazing helps to improve the uniformity of the light because light is reflected rather than direct. The uniformity required for the whole space is over 0.2 with 0.6 required for the areas of specific working. The day lighting required for the classroom is between 300- 500 lux. Air Tightness Air AirAir Tightness Tightness Tightness LineLine Line Line Insulation Insulation Insulation Insulation
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile
Summer Day
Summer Night
Winter or external temperature is less than 15°C
Air tight line and insulation positioning
21/07 Summer Solstice 57°
21/12 Winter Solstice 11° 15˚C
Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
0 Lux
Classroom Classroom - 75m2 - 75m2 Minimum= Minimum= 120 Maximum= Maximum= 1725 Average= Average= 498 Uniformity= Uniformity= 0.241 Diversity= Diversity= 0.069
Daylighting
120 Lux 1725Lux 498 Lux 0.241 0.069
Lux Lux Lux
Seminar Room - 35m2 Seminar Room - 35m2 Minimum= Maximum= Average= Uniformity= Diversity=
Minimum= 110 Maximum= 1703 Average= 450 Uniformity= 0.244 Diversity= 0.065
110 Lux 1703 Lux 450 Lux 0.244 0.065
Light Test. Lux level images taken at a working plane 0.85m on the 21/09.
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Energy Requirement. Teaching Space Parameters Achived
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The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus + Prototype
Workshop Prototype
Foundation plan The design grid guides the foundation in order to support the columns and the rest of the structure. There are beams and columns within the grid made of reinforced concrete. The slab is also made of reinforced concrete of the same type and it is 15cm thick. The construction of the foundation plan starts 1,5 meters below ground zero, so excavation must be made first and afterwards the installation of timber shuttering. Steel Frame In terms of flexibility steel structures are the best, not only because they are easy to be installed within the construction site but also because they can be easily removed or replaced. The steel frame is mostly being designed with HEA340 and HEA300 steel types but other smaller steel types also used. In order to have a more rigid structure there are three parts of the frame horizontally. One is for the windows, other for the flexible openings for ventilation and the last one for the roof structure.
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
Roof The aim is to create an indoor space with the optimum conditions for the students and the visitors during the workshops lectures and tutorials. Thus, the roof is being separated in three layers for optimum lighting conditions to be achieved. Those three layers are made to reflect and diffuse sunlight as best as possible and they are specifically distanced for this to be achieved. The layers are a double gazed roof glass, a polyester coated membrane that allows the sunlight to be evenly diffused to the last layer, and a perforated metal ceiling that spreads the light evenly indoors and allows better natural ventilation. Windows The building uses timber frame profiles for better insulation, less embodied energy, easy maintenance, lighter structure and more flexibility. The windows can be double or triple glazed. Fixed openings are mainly installed at the lower section of the structure whilst non-fixed at the upper. The lower space has some non-fixed windows for large openings accordingly to the buildings design and main uses. On the other hand the upper space has all the windows non-fixed in order to allow maximum natural
Foundation Plan
Steel Frame
Roof
Windows
Louvres
PV Blinds
Insulation and General
The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus + Prototype
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
ventilation and optimum indoor conditions.
Louvres Louvres will prevent overheating in workshop spaces. They are also made of timber and being installed on a timber frame. Although the density of these particular louvers cannot be determined with precision, it can be easily said that both south and north sides of the building will have horizontal louvers, whilst west and east sides will have vertical ones. This is determined by the sun path, to avoid direct sunlight into the building. PV blinds Photovoltaic blinds are used more and more in the contemporary sustainable architecture due to their increasing efficiency. Placing them in the top of the roof in a specific angle they are capable of both supplying energy to the building and protecting it from direct sunlight when the roof is translucent. Thus, they are south-facing, angled at 50ยบ and spaced every 2.30m over an area of 792m2. According to calculations, 792 m2 of PV systems area can produce an annual solar energy output of approximately 7276,5 kWh/y. This is about 20 kWh per day of energy output on average. Insulation The cavities of the steel frame are optimum for the installation of insulation materials. Polyester boards with a variety of thicknesses and U-Value are being installed in correlation with these particular cavities. After the polyester is being installed, double faced gypsum boards cover the specific area as a rendering material that protects the structure from external conditions. I In general, the whole building is designed according to the specific area conditions, by using as less as embodied energy possible to create an indoor space with optimum natural sunlight and ventilation. Having natural sunlight and ventilation are key factors to optimize the internal conditions of the space and also to save energy. In additions, the rooms-workshops inside this sheltered area can be fully protected from the external conditions and minimize their energy demands whilst having the best possible conditions for students, staff and visitors.
Above: Images of classroom Module. Below: Workshop Prototype Detail.
The Resilient Skills Borders Traditional Project
Konstantinos Dimopoulos + Ben Murphy
+ Programme and Place + Prospectus + Prototype
It is illustrated in the diagrams to the right how the building is working during the summer (21 of July, sunlight angle 57 Degrees) and winter (21 of December, sunlight angle 11 Degrees). During summer time there is both natural and auxiliary ventilation (for cooling and extracting the warm air). The space get enough indirect sunlight during the day and as soon as the air is getting warmer it raises up, and the upper windows open up to 20% to allow the warm air to exit the building area. If the temperature exceeds the comfort levels the cooling system turns on. Basically the welding/engineering area needs about 16 degrees Celsius and the rest of the rooms and workshops about 19-22ยบ. During winter, the air gets warmer as it raises, both form internal gains and other passive gains and the heating system, and afterwards it circulates within the rooms to keep the temperature levels comfort. The air is also constantly being renewed by the auxiliary systems, shown in the diagram, to manage the ACH levels of about 12 that this kind of buildings need to operate.
Other Resilient Borders 2016 Projects + Textile Centre + Textile Community Centre + Mobile Kids + Borders Design Incubator + Wellbeing Centre and Market + Borders Visual Landscape Centre + Borders Water + Skills Traditional + Open Textile Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture M.Sc. Advanced Sustainable Design 2016
Below, we can see the different areas of the buildings light levels (on 21 of September 12.00pm). The comfort lighting levels for welding and engineering spaces is from 700 to 1000 lux and for the workshops 300-500 lux. As we can see, the building during the day does need any artificial lighting and its also not getting overheated because of its blinds, louvers and roof systems. In particular the roof allows only the 11% of the total sunlight to get into the building, in total diffusion. Interior Light simulations
Summer Day
Winter Day