Tech report

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

Theodor W. Pantzerhielm Braatøy

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

!

E&C VertiSquare Entertainment District

1

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

Content//!

!01.00 Introduction!

01.01 The Site

!

02.00 Design Responses to Site Conditions!

02.01 Solar Analysis 02.02 Site Constraints 02.03 Site Opportunities 02.04 BREEAM-table

!

03.00 Sources of Energy and Energy Management Technologies!

03.01 Table of energy sources and energy management technologies 03.02 Applications of sources/technologies within scheme

!

04.00 In-house Environmental Conditions!

04.01 Different Types of activities within the building 04.02 Location of activities within the building 04.03 Conditions needed to support these activities

!

05.00 In-house delivery of Environmental Conditions!

05.01 How the right conditions are achieved

!

06.00 The Structural Systems!

06.01 The Superstructure 06.02 The Foundation

!

07.00 The External Envelope!

07.01 Materiallity 07.02 The Glazing system

!

08.00 Fire Safety Strategy!

08.01 Building Purpose group 08.02 Escape Routes

! ! ! !

2

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

  Office ! buildings

01.00 Introduction//

South Bank University buildings Telford House residences

Stephenson House residences

01.01 The Site

Keyworth Street Hostel

Eileen House Development

Metro Central Heights residential development (formerly Alexander Fleming House)

Main Roads!

!

Pedestrian Routes! !

Railway! !

Proposed Site

1. Keyworth Street Hostel!

2. LSBU Perry Library!

3. Gateway portal !

4. Skipton House!

5. Bakerloo Line Underground Entrance!

6. LSBU Faraday building!

7. Newington House!

8. Ministry of Sound Nightclub (The Site)!

9. Lancaster House !

10. Salvation Army!

11. Metro Central Heights!

3

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

02.00 Design Responses to Site Conditions//

02.01 Solar Analysis

4

!

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

!

02.00 Design Responses to Site Conditions//

Concrete cores for services, structural! support and fire stair access.

Glass roof to allow natural daylight to! penetrate the building and through voids.

02.01 Environmental Site Constraints & Opportunities

Heavy Traffic!

!

Railway! !

The site! !

Heavy noise! !

Wind

Noise Pollution from! railway track

The form & massing of the building attempts! to respond to the opportunities the site has! to offer. Asymmetrically stacked floor plates! allows hot air to rise whilst daylight! penetrates the building.!

Noise Pollution from!

Newington Causeway

Site suffers from prevailing! winds from the west.!

However is sheltered from! the north.

Opportunities!

Grey water collection!

London receives an average of 500- 750mm of rainfall annually.!

Water collection reduces local water supply consumption.!

Reduction in energy costs for cooling and! heating!

Consistent ground temperatures integrated into! heating and cooling system!

Geo- thermal piles provides renewable energy for radiant cooling! and heating through floor slabs.!

Reduction in energy costs for lighting!

Constraints!

Solar shading, internal blinds, reflective &! translucent glazing & a ceiling mesh.!

The site offers a large south facing facade which needs solar! protection. Glass roof & other glazed surfaces require solar! shading.!

Insufficient wind speed for generating energy! and effective stack ventilation via openable! windows.!

A localized study realized wind speed were less than 0.1 m/s.!

Displacement (mechanical) ventilation!

Busy main road = poor air quality for naturally ventilating the! building via openable windows .!

Secant pile foundation.!

Construction of the foundation needs to be such that the existing! buildings foundations will not be damaged.!

Undesirable views!

A solution will be needed so as to emit daylight but block out bad views from the opposing buildings.

Main functions & Programs are located on ‘trays’ where daylight is in ample! supply. The use of electrical lighting is individually controlled and usage is! kept to a minimum.

5

!

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

 

02.00 Design Responses to Site Conditions// 02.04 BREEAM-table Section

Assessment issues

Proposal

Energy

Water

Reduction of CO2 Emissions

Water consumption

-

Natural Ventilation

Construction waste management

- Day lighting to reach more than 70% of office spaces, restaurants, bars, and reception spaces.

Day Lighting

Recycled aggregates

- Day lighting to reach more than 70% of office spaces, restaurants, bars, and reception spaces.

Drying space

Speculative floor and ceiling finishes

Transport!

Materials!

Public transport accessibility

Life cycle impacts

Cyclist amenities

Responsible sourcing of materials

Target is carbon neutral in operation with the use of photovoltaic cells, ground source cooling/heating, biogas and high levels of wool insulation, plus natural ventilation!

A main rainwater harvesting systems from roof used to flush WCs throughout the building and help reduce water usage. Second water tank on roof used to provide irrigation to roof gardens!

- The site is close to London Bike routes and will hold bike storage/lock spaces at the ground floor piazza!

- Materials will be locally sourced and using a high percentage of recyclable components; sheep wool insulation, recycled plastic, recycled aggregate concrete, recycled steel, recycled floor boards, engineered wood, recycled glass in building glazing sourced within the UK

Maximum car parking capacity

Insulation

Land use and ecology!

Pollution!

Site selection

Impact of refrigerants

Ecological value of site/protection of eco-logical features

NOx emissions

Enhancing site ecology

Reduction of night time light pollution

- Recycled sheep wool, eco friendly and a strong thermal capacity!

- Site was selected in response to the brief and the surrounding areas context!

- Roof Gardens added - The scheme holds a series of entertainment events/activities that can cause heavy light pollution for neighboring buildings, it is important for the scheme that the subsequent lighting produced from the building is shielded and does not infringe on its neighbors, achieved by use of frosted glazing and tinted windows where necessary.

Long term impact on biodiversity

Noise attenuation

- The existing site has limited ecological value. Roof gardens added and ground level landscaping added - The potential ecological benefits of greywater recycling include: -

Health and wellbeing!

Management!

Visual comfort

Sustainable procurement

Acoustic performance

Lower fresh water extraction from rivers and aquifers Less impact from septic tank and treatment plant infrastructure Reduced energy use and chemical pollution from treatment Groundwater recharge Increased plant growth Reclamation of nutrients Greater quality of surface and ground water when preserved by the natural purification in the top layers of soil than generated water treatment processes

- Target for the scheme is to create a landmark that is both visually appealing and inviting to the public to look at be in and use

- Spaces of highest acoustic pollution are positioned at the highest points of the building in order to reduce noise to the surrounding buildings, additional acoustic insulation is also in place where relevant.

6

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

03.00 Sources of Energy and Energy Management Technologies//

03.01 Table of energy sources and energy management technologies

Possible Environmental Technologies Heating

Cooling & Ventilation

Power/Electricity Generation

Water

Maximise Insulation

Cross Ventilation

CHP

Water Conservation - Special appliances

Airtightness

Stack Effect

Wind

Grey Water collection and treatment

Low Temp Underfloor heating

Night-time Passive - Cross Ventilation

Photo Voltaics

Rainwater harvesting

Combined Heat an Power

Night-time Passive - Stack Effect

Hydroelectrical

Effecient drip irrigation

Groundwater Sources

Night-time Passive - Mechanical

Tidal

Ram pumps

Geothermal Piles

Through Building

Solar Panel

Through Floor voids

Passive Solar

Groundwater source

Trombe Walls

chilled slab/ceiling/beams

Conservatory

pipework and fan coil units

Roof Space

Heat-pump assisted

Window

Drawing air in over water

Heat exchangers on venting systems Bio Fuels Coal Bio Ethanol Raw Sewage Animal Dung

7

!

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

03.00 Sources of Energy and Energy Management Technologies//

03.02 Applications of sources/technologies within scheme

In Use Environmental Technologies Technologies

Proposal

Heating Low Temp Underfloor heating

- Underfloor heating influences the radiant exchange by thermally conditioning the interior surfaces with low temperature long wave radiation. The heating of the surfaces suppresses body heat loss resulting in a perception of heating comfort. This general sensation of comfort is further enhanced through conduction (feet on floor) and through convection by the surface's influence on air density.

- Underfloor heating can have a positive effect on the quality of indoor air by facilitating the choice of otherwise perceived cold flooring materials such as tile, slate, terrazzo and concrete.

- When coupled with non combustible, renewable energy sources the sustainability benefits include reduction or elimination of combustion and green house gases produced by boilers and power generation for heat pumps and chillers, as well as reduced demands for non renewables and greater inventories for future generations

- Low temperature underfloor heating is embedded in the floor or placed under the floor covering. As such it occupies no wall space and creates no burn hazards, nor is it a hazard for physical injuries due to accidental contact leading to tripping and falling

- Equipment maintenance and repair is the same as for other water or electrical based HVAC systems except when pipes, cables or mats are embedded in the floor.

Solar Panel

- Most parts of a solar module can be recycled including up to 97% of certain semiconductor materials or the glass as well as large amounts of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

- The most efficient mass-produced solar modules

Maximise Insulation

- Increases thermal performance of building

Cooling & Ventilation Cross Ventilation

- Natural ventilation as an alternative to mechanical ventilation has several benefits: low running cost, zero energy consumption, low maintenance and probably lower initial cost. It is also regarded as healthier, having less hygiene problems with ducts, and filters etc, and the “naturalness” in the way that it connects with outside, often in conjunction with windows, is seen as a psychological benefit.

Night-time Passive - Cross Ventilation

- Night ventilation is an overheating prevention strategy which uses little or no fossil energy, and together with other passive strategies such as natural ventilation and shading , can avoid the use of airconditioning. This saves energy (and CO2 emissions), and once set-up would require lower maintenance than mechanical systems.

pipework and fan coil units

- To be used in spaces where natural ventilation cannot reach or is not sufficient, such as the cinema space on the ground floor

Power/Electricity Generation Photo Voltaics

- To be placed on roof and in areas around the envelope of the building facing south.

Water Grey Water collection and treatment

- To be used for irrigation go the roof gardens and flushing of WCs throughout the building - Such a system could provide an estimated 30% reduction in water use for the average household.

Rainwater harvesting

- Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply during regional water restrictions and in developed countries is often used to supplement the main supply. It provides water when there is a drought, can help mitigate flooding of low-lying areas, and reduces demand on wells which may enable ground water levels to be sustained. It also helps in the availability of potable water as rainwater is substantially free of salinity and other salts.

- Rainwater harvesting systems can be installed with minimal skills. The system should be sized to meet the water demand throughout the dry season since it must be big enough to support daily water consumption. Specifically, the rainfall capturing area such as a building roof must be large enough to maintain adequate flow. The water storage tank size should be large enough to contain the captured water

8

!

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

 

04.00 In-house Environmental Conditions//

04.01 Different Types of activities within the building

Diner/Restaurant

Cinemas

Nightclub

Rooftop Gardens

Gambling

Bars

9

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

/Users/TheoWB/Dropbox/1st-2nd floor.png!  

04.00 In-house Environmental Conditions//

04.02 Location of activities within the building

Resful!

!

Vigourous! !

Semi-Vigourous! !

Solitary! !

Daylight! !

Artificail lighting

10

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

04.00 In-house Environmental Conditions//

04.03 Conditions needed to support these activities

Main Activities (Programs)

Conditions Needed Ventilaion

Artificial Lighting

Natural Daylight

Cooling

Heating

Cinemas

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

10am-11pm (individually controlled lighting)

Reception space only (10am-11pm)

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

Bars

During Operational Times (6pm-1am)

Individually controlled lightinf if needed (6pm-1am)

During Operational Times (6pm-1am)

During Operational Times (6pm-1am)

Restaurant/Diner

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

10am-11pm (individually controlled lighting if needed)

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

Kitchen

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

10am-11pm (individually controlled lighting if needed)

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

During Operational Times (10am-11pm)

Nightclub

During Operational Times (9pm-3am)

9pm-3am (individually controlled lighting)

During Operational Times (9pm-3am)

During Operational Times (9pm-3am)

Casino

During Operational Times (6pm-1am)

Individually controlled lightinf if needed (6pm-1am)

During Operational Times (6pm-1am)

During Operational Times (6pm-1am)

10am-3pm (Max daylight penetration)

11

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

05.00 In-house delivery of Environmental Conditions//

05.01 How the right conditions are achieved

Natural ventilation as an alternative to mechanical ventilation has several benefits: low running cost, zero energy consumption, low maintenance and probably lower initial cost. It is also regarded as healthier, having less hygiene problems with ducts, and filters etc, and the “naturalness” in the way that it connects with outside, often in conjunction with windows, is seen as a psychological benefit.

Underfloor heating influences the radiant exchange by thermally conditioning the interior surfaces with low temperature long wave radiation. The heating of the surfaces suppresses body heat loss resulting in a perception of heating comfort. This general sensation of comfort is further enhanced through conduction (feet on floor) and through convection by the surface's influence on air density.

12

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

06.00 The Structural Systems//

06.01 The Superstructure

Reinforced Concrete!

!

Reinforced concrete has a resistance to failure.

Traditional masonry spans fail because stone is weaker in tension than compression and therefore tends to crack at the base of simply spanning structures when these go into bending. This limits the clear span of traditional masonry lintels and beams The steel reinforcement bonds to the concrete in an RC spanning structure. The steel is able to resist the tensile forces that develop at the base of the section and achieve a balance between the compressive strength at the top of the section and the tensile strength below Concrete structures can also be prestressed so that a residual tensile force is introduced into the span before vertical load is applied. This enables the concrete to remain in compression under greater loads. This in turn allows longer spans for a given depth of member than with reinforced concrete.

!

Advantages • Can be formed into specific profiles structural performance can be tailored to the project.

• Inherently fire resisting.

• Materials for concrete production widely available.

• High thermal capacity • Good acoustic insulation for a building that consists of cinemas, bars and a nightclub

!

Disadvantages.

• Requires temporary framework • Time required to develop full strength • Suffers initial shrinkage and long term creep • Higher dead load than steel for given strength • High embodied energy • Recycling infrastructure just developing

13

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

 

06.00 The Structural Systems//

06.02 The Foundation

Franki Pile!

Cast in Situ!

A closed tubular is driven into the ground to form a void and then is filled with concrete

!

A steel tube is erected vertically over the place where the pile is to be driven, and about a meter depth of gravel is placed at the end of the tube.

!

A drop hammer, 1500 to 4000kg mass, compacts the aggregate into a solid plug which then penetrates the soil and takes the steel tube down with it. When the required depth has been achieved the tube is raised slightly and the aggregate broken out.

!

Dry concrete is now added and hammered until a bulb is formed.

Reinforcement is placed in position and more dry concrete is placed and rammed until the pile top comes up to ground level.

Bored and cast in -place (non -displacement piles)! + Length can be readily varied to suit varying ground conditions. + Soil removed in boring can be inspected and if necessary sampled or in- situ test made. + Can be installed in very large diameters. + End enlargement up to two or three diameters are possible in clays. + Material of piles is not dependent on handling or driving conditions. + Can be installed in very long lengths. + Can be installed with out appreciable noise or vibrations. + Can be installed in conditions of very low headroom. + No risk of ground heave.

-- Susceptible to "waisting" or "necking" in squeezing ground.

-- Concrete is not placed under ideal conditions and cannot be subsequently inspected.

-- Water under artesian pressure may pipe up pile shaft washing out cement.

-- Enlarged ends cannot be formed in cohesionless materials without special techniques.

-- Cannot be readily extended above ground level especially in river and marine structures.

-- Boring methods may loosen sandy or gravely soils requiring base grouting to achieve economical base resistance.

-- Sinking piles may cause loss of ground I cohesionless leading to settlement of adjacent structures.

14

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

07.00 The External Envelope//

07.01 Materiallity

1// External Concrete Facade!

!

2//!

Frosted Glass Glazing!

!

3//!

Metal Framework holding Glazing!

!

1

2

3

4

4// Recycled Timber Terrace in Roof gardens!

!

5//!

Glazing Framework

15 5

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

07.00 The External Envelope//

07.02 The Glazing System Peter Zumthor’s Kunsthaus Bergenz!

It's sort of 2 and a half buildings in one. A functional envelope that might remind one of the Eames' house, if the Eame's house were 4 stories and all glazed. Outside of that are the overlapped panels of glass that come all the way down to the sidewalk.

Inside is concrete - interior walls and stairs of the same finish. The brightest finish of concrete is reserved for the floor. The ceilings are also glass, clipped together - the clips showing, of course.

The ceiling brings in a filtered light from fixtures far enough away that the light becomes diffused.

This is probably the most decadent aspect of the project - it's what enables us to read the stairs and floors through the envelope. It's the sort of ultimate 'reveal' - a gap between floors that functionally provides an amazing lighting effect.

Urbanistically, the building basically participates in the dominant pattern of the city blocks near the lake. That means facing away from the lake.

(There's rail and a major vehicular street between the lake and the street-wall.) This creates odd problems, such as this position for trash pick up. Below is what one walks past on the sidewalk between the lake and the building, attempting to get a view of the Kunsthaus and Lake Constance at the same time.

!

This may seem tangential to the question of the architecture, but I think it's actually another iteration of the logic of the reveal. At some scale it closes in on itself.

16

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

 

08.00 Fire Safety Strategy//

08.01 Building Purpose group

PURPOSE GROUP 5!

!Place of assembly, entertainment or

recreation; including bingo halls, broadcasting, recording and film studios open to the public, casinos, dance halls; entertainment, conference, exhibition and leisure centres; funfairs and amusement arcades; museums and art galleries; non-residential clubs, theatres, cinemas and concert halls; educational establishments, dancing schools, gymnasia, swimming pool buildings, riding schools, skating rinks, sports pavilions, sports stadia; law courts; churches and other buildings of worship, crematoria; libraries open to the public, nonresidential day centres, clinics, health centres and surgeries; passenger stations and termini for air, rail, road or sea travel; public toilets; zoos and menageries.

17

TECHNOLOGY & PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODULE EBB-6-517

!

FT3 & PT5 TECHNOLOGY REPORT

08.00 Fire Safety Strategy//

08.02 Fire Escape Routes

18