FACTOIDS IFMA AWARDS C NTEST: FILL IN THE LYRICS LIVES, LAWSUITS AND LOST VALUES THE Wonders OF THE WORLD BEST SMALL CITIES IN THE US DEMOCRACY VS AUTOCRACY WAYFINDING: THE PROMISE OF AUGMENTED REALITY EMINENT DOMAIN TR E DAT FAIR HOUSING IS IN DANGER UNDERMINING WHAT WORKS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HOMELESSNESS EXCEPTIONS TO THE FIRST AMENDMENT REAL ESTATE F THE FU URE : WHY RUSSIA SOLD ALASKA TO THE US THE HUMOR OF TIM VINE THE PAGE TURNING AROUND MULTIFAMILY PROPERTIES HOW THE NATION’S HOUSING CHANGED IN 20 YEARS ARTCH TECTURE THE INTERSECTION OF ART, AUGMENTED REALITY, AND COMMUNITY EVENTS
From Where I Sit
The Editor’s Page in is almost totally devoted to humor and wisdom and this is a collection of some of the best of them.
from the pages of also from The CREST Publications Group
The Best Diversions
Give yourself the gift of smiles. J
A handsome, artbook-style volume with the best Diversions to appear in over the last decade. A compendium you will treasure for years to come.
"This collection is laugh-out-loud funny!"
Kirkland Review of Books "Prescription: Read 3-4 pages a day for a month. It’ll brighten your day! And make it last a month."
Susan Carnegie, The Montreal Voice
Vertical Lines I, II, III and IV
Compilations of Sarcasm, Word Play, and Witticisms from the pages of
"This is simply genius. I kept on laughing the whole day when I read it."
Maria Tariq
"...absolutely hilarious! I laughed so hard that it brought tears to my eyes."
Randal Maynard
My Hand Book
"Incisive yet expansive - as if the psychology of R.D. Laing encountered the selfexploration of Hugh Prather to help readers delve into their own thought, experiences and behaviours."
The Rockford Tribune
"Curiously intense and ironic. This is a work that will make you think and feel and you will revisit it over and over.
S.H.I.T. from the Internet
“An often off-color (but always entertaining and almost always hilarious) collection of jokes that you will read, enjoy – and probably tell –over and over.”
Joey Cousins, The Greenwich Times
"It matters not who we have been, or why, with whom, or how. What matters is that we have met and who we are from now."
Original reflections on new love, its flame, intensity, and all-consuming spirit. Short, poetic expressions of heartfelt longing, passion, and desire. Intimate expressions of tenderness and adoration, accompanied by romantic pictures.
Short, light-hearted, satirical, unrelated vignettes. Episodic. Descriptive. Cryptic. Quixotic. Wry. Sardonic. Sarcastic. Ironical. Unrealistic. Whimsical. And probably a whole lot of other things. But most of all, fun and funny.
“Reading this collection is like attending a dinner party where every guest is both hilariously confused and somehow correct.”
Marigold Splint, Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Unnecessary Brilliance
A wonderful gift for someone you love.
“So simple. So eloquent and beautiful. Absolutely wonderful!” Allison Templeton
Leading With My Heart A Book
"A perfect companion to Vertical Lineshumor in bite-sized pieces.”
Ellen Campbell, Sinclair Book Reviews "Dyslexics of the world, untie!”
L. Bartow. The Network Bookshelf unite! this!
Punsters of the world, read shit!"
Available at your favorite online bookstores –click on the links at the top of the page.
Marion Danziger, The Toronto Town Crier
09 INB X | ON THE
ASIANS, THE HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE FINGER, KURDISTAN, CONTRANYMS, THERE’S A WORD FOR THAT, COUSINS EXPLAINED, PREPOSITIONALLY (NO LONGER) SPEAKING, VALHALLA, RED-GREEN-YELLOW, ARMAGEDDON, THE MILKY WAY, FROSTNIP, EUREKA, CROSS YOUR FINGERS, SPARE-RIBS, ALOE VERA
17 TR E DAT
KANGAROOS, ALBERT EINSTEIN, TENNIS BALLS, CAP’N CRUNCH, THE BUMBLEBEE BAT, HUMMING, ETRUSCAN SHREW, PEANUTS, THE MPEMBA EFFECT, THE FIRST ANIMATED FILM, MCDONALD’S, THE FIRST PUBLIC ACQUARIUM, GUSTATORY RHINITIS 19
28 TRENDI G – THE BEST SMALL CITIES IN AMERICA – 2025 A WALLETHUB REPORT
32 ARTCH TECTURE YOUNG KIM –THE
CONTRIBUTING EDITOR ROXANA TOFAN AND KASANDRA EDWARDS PROVIDE A GLIMPSE OF THE FOUNDERS OF FLIGHT
INSIGHTFUL LOOK AT THE FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION
EDITOR EXPOSES THE CONTRADICTONS
20 THE AGA KHAN AWARD FOR ARCHITECTURE WINNERS OF THE TRIENNIAL COMPETITION
27 HOW THE NATION’S HOUSING HAS CHANGED IN 20 YEARS RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY
30 TRENDI G – A DANGEROUS REVERSAL: UNDERMINING WHAT WORKS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HOMELESSNESS AND FAIR HOUSING IS IN DANGER
24 THE Wonders OF THE WORLD
OUR EIGHTH INSTALLMENT –THE SEVEN WONDERS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
37UNLOCKING THE BUILDING’S HIDDEN MAP: THE PROMISE OF AUGMENTED REALITY
OUR EDITOR IN CHIEF OPINES ABOUT NEGATIVE PATTERNS
38 THE INTERSECTION OF ART, AUGMENTED REALITY, AND COMMUNITY EVENTS
INFO-LINKS’ JON FITZGERALD PRESENTS THE THIRD INSTALLMENT IN A SERIES: WHY SMART BUILDINGS NEED NETWORK ISOLATION AND CONVERGENCE AT THE SAME TIME
ETHAR’S TONY HODGSON PRESENTS THE FOURTH OF A MULTI-PART SERIES: A NEW FRONTIER FOR AUGMENTED REALITY
40 LIVES, LAWSUITS, AND LOST VALUE
KYLE TOURJÉ OF ALPHA STRUCTURAL LOOKS AT THE IMPORTANCE OF PREPARING YOUR PROPERTY FOR AN EARTHQUAKE
42 IFMA AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE
22 THE STIRLING PRIZE - 2025
THE HIGHEST HONOR IN UK ARCHITECTURE
44 REAL ESTATE F THE FU URE
THE 2025 WINNERS FROM AROUND THE GLOBE
REIMAGINED: ARTHUR ASHE STADIUM
48 EGAL VIEW: EMINENT DOMAIN
CHRISTIAN TOMLINSON AND ASHLYNN HUTTON OPINE ON WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW WHEN THE GOVERNMENT COMES KNOCKING
52 BACK TO BASICS: TURNING AROUND MULTIFAMILY PROPERTIES
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS ROXANA TOFAN AND T.J. EDWARDS OFFER A BLUEPRINT OF WHAT TO DO
NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2025 / VOL 33 / ISSUE 6
ABOUT US
Now in our 33rd year, reaches millions of architects, engineers, developers, brokers, construction managers, property and facility managers, bankers, lawyers, appraisers, investors, service providers, and many more throughout the U.S. via subscription and social media! We proudly serve and service any and all real estate associations bimonthly. If your group would like to be included, please let us know. Email: aafelder@thenetworkmagazine.org or call the number above.
CREST Publications Group EXECUTIVE STAFF
ANDREW A. FELDER: Publisher/Managing Editor. aafelder@thenetworkmagazine.org
XENIA MONTERO: Associate Editor, Art Director and Social Media Manager. hello@agosto.studio
MARK ANGLE: National Sales Manager. mark@thenetworkmagazine.org
SOPHIA LEO: Technical Director, Book Division. sophialeo629@gmail.com
Andrew A. Felder Xenia Montero Mark Angle
Mukul Tripathi (Sam)
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
ANTHONY BARBIERI: Legal.
ROXANA TOFAN: 6Q –Who, What, When, Where, Why and How. T. J. EDWARDS : Thinking Out Loud.
Anthony Barbieri Roxana Tofan
T. J. Edwards
WHAT OUR READERS ARE saying
ADVISORY BOARD
LINDSEY KOREN, Director of Communications, American Society of Interior Designers.
JONATHAN KRAATZ, Executive Director, USGBC Texas. Rick Lackey, CEO, REAL Professionals Network.
AIMÉE LEE, National Accounts Director, Recycle Across America.
LESLIE ROBINETT, Marketing and Communications Manager, International Facility Management Association.
LAURA MACDONALD STEWART, RID, FASID, IIDA, LEED AP, Editor of Plinth & Chintz.
JESSICA WARRIOR, Director of Property Management, Granite Properties.
I am so tired of babysitting my Mom’s grandkids.
FARTING IN BED
Editor’s note
A couple in their 50s had been happily married for over twenty years. The only source of tension in their marriage was the husband’s habit of farting loudly every morning when he woke up.
The noise would wake his wife, and the smell would make her eyes water, causing her to gasp for air. Every morning, she would beg him to stop his thunderous ritual because it was making her sick. He told her he couldn't stop it and that it was perfectly natural. She asked him to see a doctor; she was worried that one day he would blow his guts out.
The years passed, and he continued to rip them out. Then, on Christmas morning, as she was preparing the turkey for dinner and he was upstairs sound asleep, she looked at the innards—neck, gizzard, liver, and all the spare parts—and a mischievous idea came to her. She took the bowl and went upstairs, where her husband was sleeping peacefully, and gently pulled back the bed covers. Then, she eased the elastic waistband of his underwear and poured the bowl of turkey guts into his shorts.
Sometime later, she heard her husband wake up with his usual trumpeting, which was followed by a blood-curdling scream and the sound of frantic footsteps as he ran into the bathroom. She could hardly contain herself, laughing so hard she rolled on the floor, tears streaming from her eyes. After years of torment, she believed she had finally gotten her revenge.
About twenty minutes later, her husband came downstairs in his blood-stained underpants with a look of horror on his face. She bit her lip as she asked him what the matter was. He said, "Honey, you were right. All these years, you warned me, and I didn't listen to you.”
“What do you mean?” asked his wife.
“Well, you always told me that one day I would end up farting my guts out… and today it finally happened. But by the grace of God, some Vaseline, and two fingers, I think I got most of them back in.”
HOW I LEARNED TO MIND MY OWN BUSINESS
I was walking past the mental hospital the other day, and all the patients were shouting, “13... 13... 13.” The fence was too high to see over, but I spotted a small gap in the planks, so I looked through to see what was happening. Some idiot poked me in the eye with a stick, and then they all started shouting, “14... 14... 14.”
3 KNOTS
An elderly retired sailor put on his old uniform and headed to the docks once more. He hired a prostitute and took her to a room. He's soon trying his best, considering his age, but seeking reassurance, he asked, "How am I doing?" The prostitute replied, "Well, old sailor, you're doing about three knots." "Three knots?" he asked. "What the hell does that mean?"
To which she said, "You're knot hard, you're knot in, and you're knot getting your money back!"
FACEBOOK FOR SENIORS
I am trying to make friends outside of Facebook, while applying the same principles. Every day, I walk down the street and tell passers-by what I have eaten, how I feel at the moment, what I did the night before, what I will do later, and with whom. I show them pictures of my family, my dog, and of me gardening, taking things apart in the garage, watering the lawn, standing in front of landmarks, driving around town, having lunch, and doing what anybody and everybody does every day. I also listen to their conversations and give them “thumbs up”and tell them I “like” them. And it works just like Facebook! I already have 4 people following me: 2 police officers, a private investigator, and a psychiatrist.
EMAIL FROM THE OTHER SIDE
A man checked into a hotel. There was a computer in his room, so he decided to send an e-mail to his wife. He accidentally typed the wrong e-mail address, and without realizing it, he sent the e-mail to a widow who had just returned from her husband's funeral. The widow decided to check her e-mail, expecting condolence messages from relatives and friends, but after reading the first message, she fainted. Her son rushed into the room, found his mother on the floor, and saw the computer screen which read: 'To my loving wife... I know you’re surprised to hear from me. They have computers here, and we are allowed to send emails to loved ones. I've just checked in. How are you and the kids? The place is really nice, but I'm lonely here. I have made necessary arrangements for your arrival tomorrow. Expecting you, darling. I can't wait to see you'.
BY ANDREW FELDER
Editor
Publisher
THE UBER DRIVER
My husband and I were dressed and ready to go out for a nice evening of dinner and a show. Having been burgled before, we turned on a 'night light' and then put the cat in the backyard.
When our Uber arrived, we stepped outside our front door, and our rather tubby cat squeezed between our legs to go inside, then ran up the stairs. Since our cat likes to chase our parakeet, we didn't want to leave them alone, so my husband ran inside to get her and take her back to the backyard. And because I didn't want the Uber driver to know our house would be empty all evening, I explained that my husband would be out shortly as he was just saying goodnight to my mother.
A few minutes later, he got into the Uber all hot and bothered and said (to my growing horror and amusement) as the car pulled away, "Sorry it took so long but the stupid bitch was hiding under the bed and I had to poke her ass with a coat hanger to get her to come out! She tried to take off, so I grabbed her by the neck and wrapped her in a blanket so she wouldn't scratch me like she did last time. But it worked! I hauled her fat ass down the stairs and threw her into the backyard... she had better not shit in the vegetable garden again." The silence in the Uber was deafening..... n
KASANDRA EDWARDS (P.54)
is a Brand Ambassador for Clear Integrity Group, where she oversees marketing, internal communications, resident engagement, and employee onboarding. With a background in education and small business management, she offers strong leadership, creativity, and a passion for fostering meaningful connections. Outside of work, she enjoys reading, writing, and spending time with her family.
BRIGADIER GENERAL
THOMAS J. EDWARDS (P. 52) retired from the U.S. Army after 30 years of distinguished service, earning accolades such as the Distinguished Service Medal, five Legion of Merit awards, and the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious service in combat. He is a life member of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, The American Legion, the Military Officer’s Association of America, and the 82nd Airborne Division Association. T.J. holds a bachelor’s degree from the University of South Carolina and Master’s degrees from the University of Oklahoma, the Naval War College, and the Army War College. In May 2022, he relocated to San Antonio, Texas, earned his Texas Real Estate license, and joined Clear Integrity Group (CIG) as a partner, where he applies his leadership expertise to optimize the company's commercial real estate portfolios and operations.
JON FITZGERALD (P. 38) is an entrepreneur specializing in wireless communications with over 30 years of experience, including service in the Army Signal Corps. Since 2013, he has successfully led the team at InfoLink through hundreds of successful projects, combining technical expertise with strategic management to drive business success. InfoLink focuses on innovative wireless solutions that cater to the ever-evolving needs of enterprises, governments, and industries. Collaborating with the exceptional team at InfoLink, Jon is dedicated to driving innovation for impact in the fast-paced wireless sector.
Contributing Writers
TONY HODGSON (P. 36) is the founder and CEO of Ethar, Inc., an engineering and scientific firm developing best-in-class spatial computing solutions. Since starting his career supporting NASA and commercial aerospace programs, Tony has started and grown several software companies, led one of the largest technology incubators in the US, started the AR/Wearables group for Verizon’s marketing organization, and chaired global standards initiatives developing open and interoperable AR/VR solutions. He holds multiple industry certifications, and engineering degrees from Texas A&M and the University of Texas-Arlington.
ASHLYNN HUTTON (P. 48) represents clients in various issues related to real estate litigation, including property disputes, eminent domain, construction disputes, and other litigation related to residential and commercial development. Her clients include developers, builders, and owners of commercial, multifamily, and mixed-use property.
ADAM MCCANN (P. 28 and 50) is a personal finance writer for Wallet-Hub who also helps produce WalletHub's weekly 'Best and Worst' studies. At Hopkins he took a wide variety of classes in writing, English, economics, political science, history, and language. While pursuing his education, Adam worked part-time in the Special Collections department of JHU's Milton S. Eisenhower library, where he helped out with the university's collection of rare books and manuscripts.
MARIA GATEA (P. 34 AND 59) is a real estate and lifestyle editor for StorageCafe with a background in journalism and communication. After covering business and finance-related topics for 15 years, she is now focusing on researching and writing about the self storage industry. You may contact Maria via email: maria.gatea@yardi.com
THE UPSIDE OF DOWNTIME...
Fans of will love these compilations of humor from the last decade. The Best of Diversions is just that –the very best of the hilarious Diversions that have appeared on the pages of the magazine. Each Vertical Lines book is over one hundred and fifty pages of wit, witticisms and sarcasm that have appeared between the pages (”in the gutter”, as they say). They are both available at your favorite online bookseller and you can see samples at the link here My Handbook is... well... look at the cover comments and a few sample pages. You’ll know soon enough if it’s for you.
ROXANA TOFAN (P. 52 AND 54) is the founder and principal broker of Clear Integrity Group, specializing in commercial real estate across Texas, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Ohio, and Tennessee. With a focus on multifamily and commercial properties, she excels in acquisitions, dispositions, and property management, particularly in transforming underperforming assets through strategic operations and team building. Roxana is a dedicated community advocate and enjoys traveling, spending time with her family, and supporting charitable causes. She has also served as a contributing editor for for over 15 years, covering topics including commercial real estate, business ownership, sports, and travel.
CHRISTIAN TORGRIMSON (P. 48) is an experienced eminent domain attorney, helping her clients navigate the complexities of eminent domain issues and condemnation procedures across Georgia and throughout the Southeast. For 25 years, she has represented a broad spectrum of real estate owners and developers as well as businesses in condemnations for public projects, property disputes, and other real estate-related matters.
KYLE TOURJÉ (P. 40) is a second-generation contractor specializing in structural retrofitting, repair, and geohazard mitigation across Southern California. As Executive Vice President of Alpha Structural, Inc., he manages all engineering and construction operations. With over 15 years of experience in the field, including personally repairing and inspecting more than 6,000 structures, he combines hands-on construction and field engineering expertise with leadership in real estate and disaster response. His work connects engineering solutions with the realities of property ownership, management, code compliance, and disaster response. Having a background in construction, insurance claims, and litigation support, he applies practical solutions to California’s evolving structural, legal, and environmental challenges.
I’m staying home today. I have mood poisoning.
INB X ON THE COVER
Congratulations on the well-deserved recognition! The magazine’s quality and engaging content clearly make it a standout read.
Gilman Hanson (on LinkedIn), Philadelphia, PA
I wanted to express my sincere appreciation for your recent satirical article, “The State of the Trumpion,” in the September-October issue. It was laugh-out-loud hysterical!
Andrew Ellison, Columbia, SC
I commend Magazine for its consistently engaging and well-rounded content. The diversity of news stories keeps me informed on a wide range of topics, while your real estate coverage is both insightful and practical—especially for readers navigating today’s market. And the humor? Spot on. It’s refreshing to find a publication that doesn’t take itself too seriously yet still delivers substance. Thanks for striking such a thoughtful balance. Keep up the great work!
Katelynn Rappaport, Nashville, TN
Clever and fun—looking forward to catching all the great insights in the next issue!
Sadie M. (Women In The Environment, on LinkedIn)
Kudos to Magazine for delivering a vibrant mix of content. From sharp news coverage to practical real estate insights, the range is impressive—and the pictorial humor on the Farrago page nearly steals the show. Equal parts absurd and brilliant, it’s a great addition to the publication. Thanks for keeping the tone smart, surprising, and refreshingly offbeat. Long live Farrago!
Michael Gibbons, Spokane, WA
CORRECTIONS & AMPLIFICATIONS
Did we make a mistake? Or does something we wrote about need further clarification? Let us know.
‘FIGHTER’ by YOUNG KIM
Fighter conveys a strong sense of movement and tension through its bold composition and fractured, nearly cubist, portrayal of the bull and cowboy. Warm earth tones contrast with the cowboy’s bright red shirt and cool blue jeans, while thick black outlines give the forms a sculptural feel. The close crop and dynamic diagonals increase the sense of immediacy in the struggle, and the abstract facets of the bull create a unique visual rhythm. Overall, it’s a striking, lively piece that blends realism and abstraction with a memorable style.
‘Sonja’
Dear Humans,™
We need your help. Seriously. Did you know that more than 68 million pounds of waste is dumped into our oceans everyday? And around 60% of that waste could have been recycled and manufactured into something new. Unfortunately, recycling is not doing as well as it should be in the U.S. or worldwide due to public confusion about recycling, which results in tons of trash being mistakingly thrown into recycling bins each day, often making the recyclables useless.
One of the best ways to prevent waste from going into oceans and waterways is to make it easy for people to recycle ‘properly’ to help ensure the recyclables can be used again. That is why displaying the nonprofit society-wide standardized labels on recycling bins have been proven to be the #1 solution to solve the U.S. and global recycling crisis, in turn helping to prevent these materials from being disposed of in oceans around the world or littered. Here’s how you can help. Reach out to your employer, recycling service provider, and elected officials, urging them to display the standardized labels on recycling bins within your community. When everyone recycles more and recycles right, it will help keep the oceans healthier for sea life ... and humans.
Yours Truly, Sonja
To learn more, contact: info@recycleacrossamerica.org or
A NON-TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO BUSINESS COLLECTIONS
Business-to-business debts require special, focused expertise and finesse... and the selection of your commercial collection service is an important decision. It revolves around Service, Trust and Recovery. Rates are important, and recovery is the objective (the bottom line)... but there is more to it.
The company you choose will be handling your money, talking to your customers, and representing you in the marketplace. You want your money as soon as possible – but you don’t want to lose clients.
At Arsenal Business Collections (ABC), you’re never out-of-pocket for our services. We collect (at prearranged terms) and when – and only when – we succeed (i.e., once we collect money owed to you), do we get paid. There is no fee UNLESS and UNTIL we collect!
Our payment is contingent upon your recovery – so our success is integrally tied to yours.
As a privately-owned company, we make decisions based on what is best for clients, not shareholders or outside investors. Our focus is exclusively on improving your bottom line, and we have the knowledge and experience to deliver exceptional results.
FACTOIDS
Betcha didn’t know...
ASIANS
hAve you ever wondered why we call people from China and the Far East 'Asian,' while we refer to the people of India and Pakistan differently? The short answer is that it’s a mix of geography, history, and cultural differences—especially from a Western or English-speaking perspective—rather than anything based on logic.
They are all geographically Asian. Asia, the largest continent, extends from Turkey in the west to Japan in the east. In many areas, like the UK and in UN documents, ‘Asian’ also includes Indians and Pakistanis.
In American English, ‘Asian’ generally refers to East and Southeast Asians (such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc.). People from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka are often called ‘South Asian’ or specifically Indian, Pakistani, etc., rather than just ‘Asian.’ This pattern developed for a few reasons: 1) The first large Asian immigrant groups in the U.S. were Chinese and Japanese in the 19th century, so ‘Asian’ in American minds became associated with their appearance; 2) East and Southeast Asia share certain visible physical traits and historical cultural links (like Confucianism, Buddhism, character-based writing systems), which Americans tend to group; and 3) British colonial terms like ‘Oriental’ (now outdated) reinforced the idea of East Asia as a distinct “region” separate from South Asia.
The distinction still persists in the West because people often (and unfairly) categorize others based on perceived appearance. As a result, South Asians in the U.S. frequently identify as ‘Indian’ or ‘Pakistani’ rather than simply ‘Asian,’ both to be specific and because ‘Asian’ in American contexts tends to mean something else (i.e., they conform to the Western-imposed stereotype, and official forms and pop culture have reinforced the division).
THE HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE FINGER
Before the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the French, expecting to defeat the English, planned to cut off the middle finger of all captured English soldiers. Without their middle fingers, they would be unable to draw the famous English longbow, making them incapable of fighting in the future. This well-known English longbow was made from native English Yew wood, and the action of drawing the longbow was called ‘plucking the yew’ (or ‘pluck you’).
Much to the surprise of the French, the British achieved a major upset and started mocking the French by waving their middle fingers at them, essentially saying, ‘See, we can still pluck yew!’ Since saying 'pluck yew' is a bit awkward, the initial consonant cluster has gradually shifted to a labiodental fricative (yes, that’s actually a thing), and that’s why the words used along with the one-finger salute are related. It’s also because the pheasant feathers on the arrows used with the longbow make the gesture known as ‘giving the bird.’
(That means I talk down to people.)
I’m condescending.
People say
It’s a good thing that farting isn’t contagious like yawning is.
KURDISTAN
Kurdistan, broadly defined, is a geographic region mainly inhabited by Kurds. It features a large plateau and mountain area spread across parts of eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, western Iran, and smaller regions in north Syria and Armenia. Two countries officially recognize areas within this region by this name: Iran’s northwestern province of Kordestān and Iraq’s Kurdish autonomous region. For 600 years after the Arab conquest and their conversion to Islam, the Kurds played a significant role in the troubled history of western Asia—but as tribes, individuals, or turbulent groups rather than as a unified people. The Kurdish language, with nearly 25 million speakers, is a West Iranian language closely related to Persian and Pashto.
COUSINS EXPLAINED
CONTRONYMS
A contronym or contranym is a word with two opposite meanings.
For example, the word original can mean "authentic, traditional", or "novel, never done before." Cleave can mean "to cling" or "to split apart." Clip can mean "attach" or "cut off." Dust can mean "to remove dust" (cleaning a house) or "to add dust" (e.g., to dust a cake with powdered sugar.) Fast can mean "without moving; fixed in place" (holding fast, also as in "steadfast"), or "quick moving”. Oversight can refer to either "accidental omission or error" or " scrutiny or control.” Peruse can mean to "consider with attention and in detail" or "look over or through in a casual or cursory manner". Sanction can mean either "approve" or "penalize.” Table can mean "to discuss a topic at a meeting" (British English) or "to postpone discussion of a topic."
THERE’S A WORD FOR THAT
The space between your eyebrows is known as the glabella.
The scent that develops after the rain is called petrichor.
The plastic or metallic coating at the end of your shoelaces is called an aglet. A nauseous feeling in your stomach is called a wamble
The prongs on a fork are called tines.
The ring or spot of light that you see when you close your eyes and press your hands on them is called a phosphene.
The tiny plastic table placed in the middle of a pizza box is called a box tent. The day after tomorrow is called overmorrow
Your little toe or finger is called the minimus
The wired cage that holds the cork in a bottle of champagne is called a muselet
When you combine an exclamation mark with a question mark, it is referred to as an interrobang
The ‘na na na’ and ‘la la la’ (which don't really have any meaning in the lyrics of any song) are called vocables.
The space between your nostrils is called the columella nasi.
The armhole in a garment is called an armscye
The condition of finding it difficult to get out of bed in the morning is called dysania.
The utterly sick feeling you get after eating or drinking too much is called crapulence
The metallic device used to measure your feet at the shoe store is called a Bannock device
The dot over an ‘i’ or ‘a ‘j’ is called a tittle
PREPOSITIONALLY (NO LONGER) SPEAKING
Have you noticed how, in modern English, prepositions seem to be disappearing? Here are some possible explanations:
VALHALLA
EFFICIENCY: In business, tech, and media writing, brevity is valued. Phrases like “impact the market” instead of “have an impact on the market” or “discuss this issue” instead of “discuss about this issue.” Headline style also omits prepositions: “Storm Hits Coast” versus full “Storm Hits the Coast of…”
AMERICAN ENGLISH INFLUENCE: (the tendency to shorten phrases). For example: “Meet Sunday” (American English) versus “Meet on Sunday” (British English) or “Write me” versus “Write to me.”
TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL SPEECH: Texting, tweets, and captions encourage dropping anything non-essential, such as “I’m at the store” “At store” sometimes just “store.” (Prepositions are implied by context.)
VERB USAGE SHIFT: Some verbs omit their prepositions. For instance, “Enter the room” replaces “enter into the room,” and “Search the database” instead of “search for the database.”
COLLOQUIAL SPEECH: Blended words hide prepositions: Examples include “gonna” (going to), “wanna” (want to), and “outta” (out of). [They’re still there—just ghostlike.]
You can see the pattern with these common prepositions—
On: “We’ll meet on Sunday” has become “We’ll meet Sunday.”
To: “Write to me” “Write me”, “Going to” “Gonna”
Of: “All of them” “All them”, “Kind of strange’ “Kinda strange”
Into: “Enter into an agreement” “Enter an agreement”
At: “I’m at the store.” “At store” The overall trend is that prepositions indicating time or place (like on, at, in) are often omitted in casual or compressed speech, and prepositions connected to verbs (to, for, about, of, into) are being absorbed into the verbs. Frustrating? Yes—enough to make me pee my pants!
Valhalla (“the hall of the fallen”) is the hall where the Norse god Odin houses the dead he considers worthy to dwell with him. The dead who reside in Valhalla, the einherjar, live lives that would be the envy of any Viking warrior. All day long, they fight each other, performing countless brave deeds. But every evening, all their wounds are healed, and they are restored to full health. Their meat comes from the boar, Saehrimnir, who comes back to life every time he is slaughtered and butchered. For their drink, they have mead that comes from the udder of the goat, Heidrun. They enjoy an endless supply of their finest food and drink, while being served by the beautiful Valkyries.
Valhalla was in the news in September when FBI Director Kash Patel bid right-wing influencer Charlie Kirk a farewell during a press conference on the apprehension of Kirk’s suspected killer: “To my friend Charlie Kirk: rest now, brother, we have the watch, and I’ll see you in Valhalla.” Given that Patel is Hindu, and Kirk was an evangelical Christian, the reference to a pagan warrior afterlife rooted in Norse mythology is, indeed, strange.]
RED-GREEN
HOW DID IT COME TO BE THAT GREEN MEANS GO, RED MEANS STOP, AND YELLOW MEANS WHAT IT DOES?
Before automobiles, railroads in the 19th century used colored signals to control train traffic. Red was chosen to mean stop because it’s the color most associated with danger, blood, and fire — and it’s evident from a distance. White originally meant go, and green meant caution. But there was a problem: if a red lens broke or a lamp failed, the light looked white — which could cause a train to mistake a "stop" for a "go." To solve this, railroads swapped colors: green came to mean "go," and yellow took over as a caution.
The first traffic lights (1868 in London, 1910s in the U.S.) took inspiration from the railroad system’s logic. By the 1920s, the red–yellow–green sequence was standardized for cars worldwide. Yellow’s meaning became “prepare to stop” or “clear the intersection,” depending on local laws — a compromise between red and green.
Once enough cities adopted the same system, it became safer to implement it globally. The meanings matched well with natural human reactions — red for threat, green for safety, yellow for caution. Light bulbs and later LEDs made those three colors easy to produce and recognize. So, red = stop, green = go, yellow = caution is a mix of cultural symbolism, practical engineering, and trial-and-error.
ARMAGEDDON
Armageddon is a term from the Book of Revelation that describes a final battle between God and the forces of evil at the end of time. Today, the word is used to refer to any catastrophic conflict, especially if it’s expected to cause widespread destruction or the complete annihilation of human life. The word originates from the Hebrew word Har-Magedone, meaning “Mount Megiddo,” which is the predicted location of the battle.
My girlfriend isn’t talking to me because, apparently, I ruined her birthday. I’m not sure how I did that –I didn’t even know it was her birthday.
é Valhalla (1905) by Emil Doepler.
Did you hear about the constipated mathematician? He worked his problem out with a number two pencil.
EUREKA
Eureka is an interjection or adjective that expresses triumph on a discovery. It comes from the Greek verb heurēka, meaning "I have found it." It is attributed to Ancient Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, and it is also the motto of California.
CROSS YOUR FINGERS
To cross one's fingers is a hand gesture often used to wish for luck. Early Christians used the gesture to seek protection from the Holy Cross. The gesture is commonly called "cross your fingers," "keep your fingers crossed," or simply "fingers crossed." Children frequently see the gesture as an excuse to tell a white lie. Likewise, there is a belief that crossing one's fingers invalidates a promise.
The gesture originated because it resembles the Cross of Christ. It gained popularity, especially in 16th-century England, where people crossed their fingers to ward off evil and sickness. It remains a well-known and practiced symbol, and today it is the logo of the UK National Lottery.
In Vietnam, the gesture is seen as rude. It is similar to giving the middle finger in American culture. In Germanspeaking countries, as well as Sweden and Latvia, the gesture means lying.
SPARE-RIBS
The term “spare” comes from the Middle English word “sparren,” meaning “to cut off” or “to divide.” In the context of ribs, it referred to removing the ribs from the rest of the carcass, leaving only the rib bones and the attached meat. In medieval Europe, butchers often sold ribs separately from other meat cuts, as they were seen as less desirable. This was mainly because ribs are relatively thin and contain a lot of bone, making them less ideal for roasting or boiling.
As culinary techniques evolved, ribs started to become popular as a standalone dish. The introduction of slow cooking methods, like braising and roasting, allowed ribs to become tender and flavorful. This culinary shift elevated ribs from their humble beginnings to a delicacy enjoyed by people from all walks of life.
ALOE VERA
Aloe, most commonly referring to Aloe vera, is a succulent plant known for its thick, fleshy leaves filled with a clear gel. It is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in the world, often called the "plant of
immortality" by ancient Egyptians. Native to the Arabian Peninsula but cultivated worldwide, its spiky leaves contain two key substances: Aloe gel, the clear, jelly-like substance inside the leaves, and Aloe latex, a yellowish sap just beneath the leaf skin (which can be a powerful laxative).
COMMON USES:
Sunburn Relief: Cools and soothes sunburns; commonly used in after-sun lotions.
Wound Healing: Aids in faster recovery of minor cuts and abrasions.
Burn Treatment: Suitable for minor first- and seconddegree burns.
Moisturizer: Hydrates skin without leaving a greasy feel.
Acne Treatment: Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects help reduce redness and swelling.
Psoriasis and Eczema Relief: Can soothe itching and irritation.
Internally, it can serve as a digestive aid and an anti-inflammatory supplement. It’s used in cosmetics (lotions, face masks, shampoos, and even makeup), foods and beverages (drinks and flavored waters), and in agriculture (where it functions in organic farming as a natural pesticide or growth enhancer). n
THE MILKY WAY
The Milky Way is our home galaxy with a disc of stars that spans more than 100,000 light-years. Because it appears as a rotating disc curving out from a dense central region, the Milky Way is known as a spiral galaxy. According to NASA, Earth sits along one of the galaxy’s spiral arms, about halfway from the center,
The Milky Way sits in a cosmic neighborhood called the Local Group that includes more than 50 other galaxies. Those galaxies can be as 'small' as a dwarf galaxy with up to only a few billion stars or as large as Andromeda, our nearest large galactic neighbor.
The Milky Way.
The Milky Way got its name because from our perspective on Earth, it appears as a faint, milky band of light stretching across the sky. Though the Milky Way is generally always visible from Earth, certain times of year are better for stargazers to catch a glimpse of the band of billions of stars.
But because visibility from Earth depends on the latitude, the further south you go, the longer the Milky Way season will last. In the Northern Hemisphere, which includes the continental United States, the best time to see the Milky Way generally is from March to September, according to the website Capture the Atlas.
FROSTNIP
Frostnip involves freezing of water on the skin surface. The skin will become reddened and possibly swollen. Although painful, there is usually no further damage after re-warming. Repeated frostnip can dry the skin, causing it to crack and be sensitive. Frostnip should be taken seriously since it may be the first sign of impending frostbite. n
I was on a flight the other day when the flight attendant approached me and asked, “Excuse me, sir, would you like to have dinner?” I responded, “What are the options?” She replied, “Yes and No.”
ç
I told my wife she was drawing her eyebrows too high. She looked surprised.
Kangaroos can’t walk backward, which is why they symbolize progress in Australia.
ancient romans used powdered mouse brains as toothpaste
According to PepsiCo, which owns Quaker Oats Company, the maker of Cap’n Crunch cereal, the beloved Cap’n has a full name. Also, after being called out for having only three bars of a Navy commander on his sleeves, Horatio stood his ground on X (then Twitter) and in May 2024, his uniform was corrected. He now appears on cereal boxes with the proper four bars of a Navy captain.
There’s only one U.S. state capital without a McDonald’s: Montpelier, Vermont. It also has the smallest population of any state capital, with just over 8,000 residents.
TR E DAT
Albert Einstein was offered the presidency of Israel, but he declined.
Weighing between 0.05 and 0.07 ounces, with a head-to-body length of 1.14 to 1.29 inches and a wingspan of 5.1 to 5.7 inches, the bumblebee bat is the smallest flying mammal (and the smallest bat, since those are the only mammals that truly fly), according to Guinness World Records. To see this bat yourself, you’d need to visit one of a few limestone caves on the Khwae Noi River in Kanchanaburi Province, southwest Thailand.
Peanuts
are technically legumes, not nuts, and they grow underground.
Neon yellow wasn’t always the color of a tennis ball. Instead, they were either black or white, depending on the background of the tennis court. However, in 1972, the International Tennis Foundation introduced yellow tennis balls because research showed the color was more visible to TV viewers. Wimbledon continued to use white balls until 1986, when it adopted the yellow ball.
St. Patrick’s Day is often linked to wearing green and drinking so much that you might think you see leprechauns. But until 1961, a law in Ireland prohibited bars from opening on March 17th. Since the holiday happens during Lent in the predominantly Catholic country, the idea of binge-drinking seemed somewhat immoral.
Hot water freezes faster than cold water; it's called the Mpemba effect.
It’s impossible to hum while holding your nose.
Many consider the bumblebee bat to be the smallest mammal overall, but its weight overlaps a bit with another of Earth’s tiniest creatures, the Etruscan shrew.
You probably think the first animated feature film was Disney’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (in 1937). But 20 years earlier, an entire animated feature was made in Argentina—a 70-minute political satire called El Apóstol composed of 58,000 drawings (according to Guinness World Records).
There's a word for a runny nose caused by eating spicy food: gustatory rhinitis
The first public aquarium, called the Fish House, opened in 1853 at the London Zoo, sparking a Victorian craze to have one at home. According to Guinness World Records, the term "aquarium" was coined in 1854 by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse with the publication of his book The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea. However, some initially disliked the term because it had previously been used to mean “a watering place for cattle.”
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A farrago is a jumble of odds and ends—a random collection of items, a disorganized mix of things that don't fit together. Farrago sounds more formal than hodgepodge or mishmash, but it means about the same thing. We hope you enjoy this new feature of
2 Men Walking Abreast.
Look at all of the flocking birds!
The Judge's Attire
The Judge Hands Down His Sentence
Strike while the hottie is ironing
THE AGA KHAN AWARD FOR
ARCHITECTURE 2025
projects in locAtions such as Palestine, Bangladesh, and Iran are among the winners of the 2025 Aga Khan Award for Architecture. The triennial Aga Khan Award, which was established in 1977, is headed by the Muslim spiritual leader Aga Khan. Its role is to "identify and encourage building concepts that successfully address the needs and aspirations of communities in which Muslims have a significant presence". A total of seven winners were chosen from the shortlist of projects by 19 studios. This year's winners will share the $1 million award. The prize-giving ceremony was held at the Toktogul Satylganov Kyrgyz National Philharmonic in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan on September 15th.
è Kyrgyz National Philharmonic.
ç Bangladeshi architect Tabassum won one of the prizes for her Khudi Bari buildings (which have been constructed in various locations). The lightweight, transportable buildings, made from bamboo and steel, are designed by Tabassum to fill a need created by the mass displacement of people living in Bangladesh due to flooding.
è Another winner was the West Wusutu Village Community Center, built from reclaimed bricks in Hohhot, China, by Inner Mongolian Grand Architecture Design. The project aims to meet the cultural needs of its local multi-ethnic community in Inner Mongolia's capital.
My wife says I’m hopeless at fixing appliances. Well, she’s in for a shock.
é And KA Architecture Studio received the award for its Jahad Metro Plaza in Tehran, the capital. The once-dilapidated station was revitalized using locally handmade bricks.
ê Palestinian studio AAU Anastas was chosen for its Wonder Cabinet space in Bethlehem. The building houses non-profit exhibition and production spaces and was designed as a hub for craft, design, innovation and learning. n
ç The Revitalization of Historic Esna by Takween Integrated Community Development in Esna, Egypt, also received one of this year's awards for its "highly participative approach towards urban heritage conservation." It restores and adapts some of the area's historic buildings using traditional techniques.
é On Hormuz Island, ZAV Architects won for Majara Residence and Community Redevelopment in Iran, a colorful complex of domes designed as a tourist retreat that emulates the island's ochre-rich soil.
ê The multi-story Vision Pakistan in Islamabad, designed for a charity that works to empower disadvantaged young people, was also one of this year's winners. Designed by DB Studios, it drew on both Pakistani and Arab crafts.
THE STIRLING PRIZE 2025 SHORTLIST AND WINNER
First AwArded in 1996, the RIBA Stirling Prize is given annually to "the architect of the building thought to be the most significant of the year for the evolution of architecture."
The renovation of Big Ben's tower, along with two private houses and a "factory for fashion," was included on this year's Stirling Prize shortlist. A total of six projects competed for the award, which is given annually by the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) and is considered the highest honor in UK architecture.
As in 2024, all six projects are located in England, with four in London. These include the Elizabeth Tower restoration by Purcell and the vertical campus for London College of Fashion by Allies and Morrison. The other two are Appleby Blue Almshouse, designed by 2013 Stirling Prize winner Witherford Watson Mann, and the pavilion-like Niwa House by Takero Shimazaki. (It is the second time Purcell has been
nominated for the award, having been shortlisted last year for its redesign of the National Portrait Gallery, designed with Jamie Fobert Architects.)
The new president of RIBA, Chris Williamson, said the shortlisted projects were chosen as they "address some of the most urgent challenges of our time, responding with creativity, adaptability and care".
The winner – the Applleby Blus Almshouse -was announced at London's Roundhouse on October 16th. n
é The renovation of London's Elizabeth Tower.
é Hastings House (a private residence).
I went to see my doctor about my short-term memory problems. The first thing he did was made me pay in advance.
DIVERSI NS
é The renovation of London's Elizabeth Tower.
é Niwa House (a private residence)
é London College of Fashion.
The Seven Wonders of
Islamic Architecture
this is pArt 8 of our series—200 Wonders!
THE UMAYYAD MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS, SYRIA
The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus, is located in the old city of Damascus, the capital of Syria. It is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. Both Christian and Muslim traditions believe it is the burial place of John the Baptist's head, a belief dating back to the 6th century. Inside the mosque, two shrines honor Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, whose martyrdom is often compared to that of John the Baptist.
The site has been a place of worship since the Iron Age, when the Arameans built a temple dedicated to their rain god, Hadad. It was later associated with the Greek god Zeus during the Hellenistic period. Under Roman rule after 64 CE, it was transformed into the center of the imperial cult of Jupiter, the Roman rain god, and became one of the largest temples in Syria. The current mosque walls were originally the interior walls of the Temple of Jupiter, constructed from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD. When Syria's empire shifted to Christian Byzantine rule, Emperor Theodosius I (r. 379–395) converted it into a cathedral and the seat of the second-highest-ranking bishop in the Patriarchate of Antioch.
THE MEZQUITA OF CÓRDOBA (CORDOBA MOSQUE), SPAIN
Originally built in 785 AD as a mosque by the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Rahman I, it represents the pinnacle of Moorish architecture in Spain. Over the centuries, the building changed, and when Córdoba was retaken by Christian forces in 1236, it was transformed into a cathedral. The structure is famous for its stunning hall of arches. It has over 850 columns made from jasper, onyx, marble, and granite, forming a mesmerizing forest-like appearance. The cathedral's ornate and beautiful mihrab, a decorated prayer niche, is a highlight with its detailed mosaics and calligraphy. Today, the Mosque-Cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of the region’s remarkable blend of Islamic and Christian traditions. It draws millions of visitors who come to marvel at its unique architectural fusion.
THE MADRASSAS OF TIMBUKTU, MALI
The Sankoré Madrasa, Djinguereber, and Sidi Yahya are three medieval mosques and centers of learning in Timbuktu, Mali. The Sankoré mosque was originally built in the 14th-15th centuries with financial support from a Tuareg woman of the Aghlal tribe. Its Sudano-Sahelian architecture stylistically differs from the mosques of North Africa and Andalusia.
The Sankoré mosque experienced multiple periods of patronage and renovations under both the Mali Empire and the Songhai Empire until its decline after the Battle of Tondibi in 1591. The mosque became a madrasa (meaning a school or college in Arabic), reaching its highest point in the 16th century.
The term "University of Sankoré" has sometimes been used to refer to the Sankoré madrasa, although there is no evi-
difference
Q:
é Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria
dence of a centralized teaching institution, as the word "university" suggests. Instead, the mosque acted as a gathering place for individual scholars with their own private students, and as a site where some lectures and classes took place.
THE ALHAMBRA OF GRANADA, SPAIN
The Alhambra is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Spain. It is one of the most renowned monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces from the Islamic world. The palace also showcases notable examples of Spanish Renaissance architecture.
The complex was established in 1238 by Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar, the first Nasrid emir and founder of the Emirate of Granada, which was the last Muslim state in Al-Andalus. The most significant construction efforts, which define many of the distinctive features of the royal palaces, took place in the 14th century during the reigns of Yusuf I and Muhammad V. After the Christian Reconquista ended in 1492, the site became the Royal Court of Ferdinand and Isabella (where Christopher Columbus received royal backing for his voyage), and the palaces were partially renovated. In 1526, Charles V commissioned a new Renaissance-style palace next to the Nasrid palaces, but it was left unfinished by the early 17th century.
Over the following centuries, the site fell into disrepair, with its buildings occupied by squatters. Napoleon's troops damaged parts of it in 1812. Afterwards, the Alhambra became a popular destination for British, American, and other European Romantic travelers. The most influential among them was Washington Irving, whose Tales of the Alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site.
FIRST IMPRESSIONS COUNT! You deserve to work in an
é Rhe Sankoré Madrasa.
The Alhambra was one of the earliest Islamic monuments to undergo modern scientific study and has been extensively restored since the 19th century. It is now one of Spain's top tourist attractions and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
IMAM SQUARE OF ESFAHAN, IRAN
Naqsh-e Jahan Square, also known as Shah Square before 1979 and Imam Square, is a square in the center of Isfahan, Iran. Built between 1598 and 1629, it is now a major historical site and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The square measures 520 feet wide by 1,840 feet long—covering 89,600 square feet—and is bordered by buildings from the Safavid era.
The Shah Mosque is located on the south side of the square, while the Ali Qapu Palace is on the west. The Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque is situated to the east, and the Qeysarie Gate, which faces north, opens into the Isfahan Grand Bazaar. Today, Namaaz-e Jom'eh (the Muslim Friday prayer) takes place at the Shah Mosque. The square also appears on the back of the Iranian 20,000 rials banknote
THE REGISTAN OF SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN
The Registan was the heart of the city of Samarkand during the Timurid Empire, which is now in Uzbekistan. The name Rēgistan means "sandy place" or "desert" in Persian. The Registan was a public square where people gathered to hear royal proclamations, announced by blasts on massive copper pipes called dzharchis, and it also served as a site for public executions. It is surrounded by three madrasahs (Islamic schools) featuring distinctive Islamic architecture. The square was considered the center of the Timurid Renaissance.
The three madrasahs of the Registan are the Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420), the Sher-Dor Madrasah (1619–1636),
and the Tilya-Kori Madrasah (1646–1660). 'Madrasah' is an Arabic term meaning school.
The Ulugh Beg Madrasah, built by Ulugh Beg during the Timurid Empire under Timur, features a grand iwan with a lancet-arch pishtaq or portal facing the square. Tall minarets stand at the corners. The mosaic panel above the iwan's entrance is decorated with geometric, stylized patterns. The square courtyard includes a mosque and lecture rooms, surrounded by dormitory cells where students live. Deep galleries run along its axes. Initially, the Ulugh Beg Madrasah was a two-story building with four domed darskhonas (lecture rooms) at the corners. In the 17th century, the Uzbek ruler of Samarkand, Yalangtoʻsh Bakhodir, ordered the construction of the Sher-Dor. The tiger mosaics with a rising sun on their backs are especially interesting for their depiction of living beings and use of Turko-Persian motifs. The name of the madrasah comes from the patterns on the portal of the building, as the word "Sher" means tiger.
Ten years later, the Tilya-Kori was constructed. It served not only as a residential college for students but also as a grand mosque. It features a two-story main façade and a large courtyard surrounded by dormitory cells, with four galleries along the axes.
THE GREAT MOSQUE OF DJENNÉ, MALI
The Great Mosque of Djenné, built in the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style, is the largest adobe brick building in the world. Located in Djenné, Mali, on the floodplain of the Bani River, the first mosque on the site was built around the 13th century. The current structure, however, dates from 1907. Besides serving as the community's center, it is one of Africa's most renowned landmarks. Along with the "Old Towns of Djenné," it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988.
The exact date when the first mosque in Djenné was built is unknown, but estimates range from as early as 1200 to as late as 1330. The earliest record mentioning the mosque is Abd al-Sadi's *Tarikh al-Sudan*, which provides the early history, likely based on oral tradition from the mid-seventeenth century. The *Tarikh* states that Sultan Kunburu became a Muslim, had his palace dismantled, and converted the site into a mosque. He constructed a new palace nearby. His immediate successor built the mosque’s towers, while the next Sultan constructed the surrounding wall. n
I refused to believe my father was stealing billboards from the highway, but when I got home, all the signs were there.
é Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria
é Registan at night.
é Great Mud Mosque.
250 lbs here on Earth is 94.5 lbs on Mercury. No, I’m not fat. I’m just not on the right planet.
HOW THE NATION’S HOUSING HAS CHANGED IN 20 YEARS
FROM MORTGAGE CRISIS TO RECESSION, 20-YEAR-OLD AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY TRACKS HOUSING BOOMS AND BUSTS
it’s been 20 yeArs since the American Community Survey (ACS) started gathering detailed data on the U.S. population and their housing, providing insight into how the nation’s housing has changed over two decades.
Despite the 2007 housing crash sparked by the subprime mortgage crisis and Great Recession, the nation’s housing stock continued to expand to accommodate a growing population — from over 288 million people in households in 2005, the first year of the ACS, to a household population of nearly 332 million in 2024, the most recent data released in early September.
But the type of housing built changed. Despite the increase in total housing, the number of vacant homes rose by only about 570,000 units over 20 years, reflecting a tightening housing market for both owners and renters. Of the more than 22 million houses added between 2005 and 2024, the majority — about 13.5 million — were still single-family detached homes, representing a 17.8% increase. But housing in structures with 50 or more units nearly doubled. During that same period, 4.4 million more units were built, a 77.4% increase to 10.2 million in 2024.
LOWER VACANCY RATES
Despite the increase in total housing, the number of vacant homes rose by only about 570,000 units over 20 years, reflecting a tightening housing market for both owners and renters. The number of vacant homes for sale dropped by nearly half a million units from 1.3 million in 2005 to fewer than 850,000 in 2024. The homeowner vacancy rate (the number of units available for sale as a proportion of all the units for sale or owned) decreased from 1.7% in 2005 to 1.0% in 2024.
This has not been a steady decline. There were increases in homeowner vacancy rates because of the subprime mortgage crisis (up to 2.7% in 2008), followed by a tightening of homeowner vacancy (down to 0.8% in 2022 and 2023) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Homes vacant only part of the year (primarily because they’re used for recreational or seasonal purposes) increased to about 4.3 million units in 2024, up from nearly 3.9 million units in 2005.
RISING COSTS
In 2005, U.S. renters paid a median $728 a month for rent and utilities, equal to $1,176 in 2024 when adjusted for inflation. According to the latest 2024 ACS, median renter cost (half paid more and half paid less) went up by $311 to $1,487. Homeowners paid more than renters, but their costs dropped over the 20 years. The median monthly cost in 2005 was $961 ($1,552 adjusted for inflation). By 2024, it had gone down $157 to $1,395.
Part of the reason for the drop in owner cost was that more homes did not have a mortgage. The share of owned homes with a mortgage fell from 67.9% in 2005 to 59.7% in 2024. Owners without a mortgage still pay property insurance and taxes, utilities, and other fees when applicable, such as mobile home and homeowners association (HOA)/condo fees. Still, all these costs typically account for a smaller portion than mortgages: in 2024, the median monthly cost for owners without a mortgage was $664 compared to $2,035 for those with a mortgage.
MORE HOUSING DATA
This is just a sampling of the housing data available from the 20 years of ACS surveys now available, which cover everything from housing costs and availability to the number of rooms and vehicles in households. n
BY ADAM MCCANN
Best Small Cities in America 2025
not everyone crAves the bright lights and crowded spaces of big cities. In fact, almost half of Americans (47%) say they would prefer to live in the suburbs, compared to 24% for urban areas and 23% for rural communities. Small-city life can be ideal for those who appreciate more flexibility, fewer levels of separation, and shorter commutes, to name just a few of its benefits. Of course, these small urban areas also come with some tradeoffs, such as fewer restaurant options or shorter business hours.
One of the biggest advantages of living in a city with a smaller population is affordability. According to the Economic Policy Institute, the cost of living for a two-parent, two-child family in Hanford, California, is $8,013 per month, compared to more than double at $17,621 for the same family in San Francisco.
To help Americans settle in places with good quality of
TRENDI G
life and affordability, WalletHub compared more than 1,300 U.S. cities with populations between 25,000 and 100,000 across 45 key livability indicators. These range from housing costs and school quality to restaurants per capita and the crime rate.
The Best Small Cities
Carmel, IN is the best small city to live in, thanks in part to strong economic factors. Carmel has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country, at 3.30%. It also has the 46th-lowest cost of rent as a share of median household income, at around 14%.
Additionally, the median annual household income is nearly $135,000, ranking 125th-highest out of more than 1,300 cities in our study. The median credit score in the city is 775, which is the 20th-highest in the country and falls into the excellent credit range. Finally, it’s a good place for residents’ health and safety, with the 11th-lowest share of adults
in fair or poor health, along with the 21st-lowest premature death rate in the country. Regarding safety, it has the third-lowest pedestrian fatality rate and the 70th-lowest violent crime rate.
Brookfield, WI, ranks as the second-best small city to live in. It has a 2.7% unemployment rate, one of
21st-lowest share of residents in fair or poor health, and over 98% of the population has health insurance, making it the 12th-highest percentage nationally. Finally, Brookfield maintains safety with the 128th-lowest violent crime rate and the 17th-lowest pedestrian fatality rate in the country.
Apex, NC, is the third-best small city to live in, with the 12th-lowest unemployment rate and the 56th-lowest violent crime rate among more than 1,300 cities in the study. It also ranks 20th in employment growth and has the fifth-lowest percentage of residents living below the poverty line. Additionally, it boasts the 112th-highest median annual household income in the country, at over $138,000. Residents also have the 27th-highest median credit score, at 770, indicating strong financial health. To top it off, Apex ranks 32nd in the country's school systems and 14th in the share of residents with a high school degree or higher. When it comes to health and fitness, the city has the 27th-lowest percentage of adults in poor or fair health and the 162nd-most fitness centers per capita.
To view the full report and all of the over 1300 city rankings, to understand the methodology and read expert commentary, click <HERE>. n
the lowest in the country. Additionally, only 3.5% of the city’s population lives in poverty, the 14th-lowest percentage among more than 1,300 cities in the
study. Residents also have the 110th-highest homeownership rate nationwide and the 10th-best median credit score (782). They enjoy good health as well—the
Adam McCann is a personal finance writer for WalletHub.
A Dangerous Reversal: Undermining What Works in the Fight Against Homelessness
the united stAtes is facing a historic crisis: homelessness has surged to its highest level ever recorded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), driven by a national housing shortage and a rise in asylum seekers. Now, in a move that defies both logic and compassion, the Trump administration is proposing to slash HUD’s homelessness housing program by more than half—jeopardizing tens of thousands of people who have already escaped homelessness and stalling efforts to house those still living on the streets or in shelters.
This isn’t just a budget cut—it’s a rollback of decades of bipartisan progress. Modern homelessness took root in the 1970s, when psychiatric hospitals were emptied without adequate community support. Since then, research across administrations has shown that the most effective solution is permanent supportive
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housing: providing stable homes paired with services for mental health, addiction, and employment. It’s this very model that HUD now plans to gut by $2 billion.
Even before this administration, funding was never sufficient. For years, the federal response was dominated by a “services first” approach—prioritizing treatment while neglecting housing. People received care, but remained stuck in shelters or cycling through programs, their homelessness unresolved. That changed in the early 2000s, when the George W. Bush administration introduced Housing First, a transformative model that placed people in housing immediately, recognizing that stability itself is therapeutic. Services followed, tailored to individual needs. The results were undeniable. By 2009, chronic homelessness dropped by over a third. By 2023, veteran homelessness was cut in half.
Over time, HUD shifted its budget accordingly. From spending the majority on unmonitored services, it now dedicates over 80% of its homelessness funding to housing creation—a logical focus for a housing department. Meanwhile, other agencies like Health and Human Services, bolstered by Medicaid expansion, stepped in to fund the services that support housing stability.
But the current funding proposal threatens to undo all of this. It revives the outdated “services first” model, ignoring the hard-earned lesson that housing must come first. Housing without services leaves people vulnerable. Services without housing leave them homeless.
In July, President Trump issued an executive order—Ending Crime and Disorder on America’s Streets—that acknowledged the need for social support programs and tasked HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. with reducing homelessness through expanded mental health and substance abuse services. However, the administration is simultaneously proposing to cut the very housing programs that make those services effective. HUD’s own internal estimates suggest that more than 170,000 formerly homeless people could lose their housing under these cuts. The federal government has a duty to provide both housing and the services that sustain it. Advocates of both Services First and Housing First must set aside ideological divides and unite around what works. Only through collaboration can they shape policy that protects our most vulnerable neighbors and ensures that progress is not just preserved—but accelerated. n
Actions in 2025 Within HUD’s Office of Fair Housing That Suggest a Reduction or Disabling of Anti-Discrimination Efforts
In 2025, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO) has experienced a series of significant changes that, taken together, strongly suggest the administration has diminished or disabled the federal government’s ability to prevent discrimination in housing. These actions include budget
and staffing cuts, regulatory rollbacks, policy shifts, and the weakening of enforcement mechanisms.
Significant Staff and Resource Cuts:
HUD faced a department-wide staff reduction of approximately 30%, with the Office of Fair Housing among the
most affected. The FHEO experienced a 70% reduction in staff, including layoffs and forced reassignments, which greatly hindered its capacity to investigate and enforce fair housing laws. Employees received layoff notices stating their last day would be December 9, 2025. Staff opposing these changes faced retaliation, including terminations and reassignments.
Leadership implemented a “gag order” on FHEO attorneys, barring them from com-
I was at an ATM and this old lady asked me to help check her balance, so I pushed her over.
municating with outside parties without approval, further impeding enforcement efforts.
Closure or Halting of Cases:
Whistleblowers reported that at least 115 housing discrimination cases were improperly closed or halted. Referrals to the Department of Justice were intercepted, and legal charges were withdrawn, effectively stopping enforcement actions. HUD leadership adopted a policy of refusing to act on complaints that were not supported by the administration, especially those not involving intentional discrimination or not filed by “bona fide” renters or buyers. Grants for nonprofit organizations that investigate housing discrimination were canceled, further weakening the infrastructure for enforcement.
Regulatory and Policy Rollbacks
In September, HUD withdrew guidance on appraisal discrimination, protections for persons with limited English proficiency, reasonable accommodations for assistance animals, and municipal land-use practices. Guidance on LGBTQ+ protections and special-purpose credit programs was also rescinded. HUD announced it would no longer rely on the disparate impact theory of liability, instead focusing on cases with clear evidence of intentional discrimination. Cases filed by
fair housing organizations or testers were deprioritized or not pursued at all.
The authority to handle fair housing responsibilities was taken away from career officials and given to political appointees, weakening the independence of enforcement. The Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) rule was revised to require only self-certification by jurisdictions, removing structured planning and federal oversight. This move to local control decreases accountability and weakens enforcement. HUD suggested rescinding rules that mandated housing providers to actively market units to all protected classes, which could make it more difficult to defend against fair housing complaints.
Weakening of Disparate Impact Standard:
A final rule has been sent to the Office of Management and Budget that will further weaken or eliminate the disparate impact standard, making it harder to challenge policies with discriminatory effects. The forced reassignments and firings have led to a significant loss of experienced staff, undermining the office’s ability to investigate and enforce fair housing laws. The threat of retribution and gag orders has discouraged staff from pursuing strong enforcement or raising concerns about policy changes.
MODE GAKUEN SPIRAL TOWERS
Situated on a busy main street in Nagoya City, Japan, the building houses three vocational schools: Mode-Gakuen for fashion, HAL for information technology and design, and ISEN for medicine
The withdrawal of guidance and regulatory changes has weakened protections for people with limited English proficiency, LGBTQ+ individuals, people with disabilities, and survivors of domestic violence. Civil rights attorneys at HUD have filed lawsuits and submitted whistleblower disclosures to Congress, alleging systematic undermining of fair housing enforcement, and some lawmakers have called for hearings and investigations. Organizations such as the National Fair Housing Alliance and the National Low Income Housing Coalition have publicly denounced HUD’s abandonment of enforcement and called for congressional intervention.
Conclusion
The cumulative impact of these actions in 2025—large staff and budget reductions, closure of enforcement cases, withdrawal of key guidance, rollback of regulations, and a shift in enforcement philosophy—shows a clear and intentional decrease in HUD’s capacity to prevent and address housing discrimination. These changes have been widely criticized by internal staff, whistleblowers, advocacy groups, and members of Congress as a fundamental weakening of the federal government’s fair housing mission. n
and welfare. The spiral-shaped design, in which the tower’s three wings appear to shift shape from different angles, was created to foster creativity in the schools.
The design aimed to optimize the pedestrian network and surrounding spaces. As a result, the streets feature a consistent setback for the building walls, with vegetation planted and sidewalk areas widened. Additionally, a café and retail stores are positioned in front of the building to activate the ground plane, anticipating that 8,000 students will commute to the school and help enliven this part of the city. n
Andrew Felder is the Managing Editor & Publisher of aafelder@thenetworkmagazine.org
YOUNG KIM
ARTCH TECTURE
THE EVOLUTION OF AN ARTIST
young Kim's Artistic journey began in first grade in South Korea, where an early drawing of an ocean diver ignited a lifelong passion for art. In the 1980s, limited art education meant that formal training didn't start until middle school, when a supportive teacher encouraged Young to pursue art school. However,
financial constraints and parental opposition led to a different academic path.
During university, Young expressed creativity through Christian-themed cartoons, which gained popularity in church bulletins. After graduation,
financial pressures and a demanding programming career left little time for art. Occasional returns to painting in 2006 and again in 2016 rekindled the passion, aided by self-study and YouTube tutorials.
The COVID-19 pandemic provided the opportunity to paint more consistently, and by 2022, influences from John Singer Sargent and Egon Schiele shaped Young's growing style. A pivotal moment came in 2023 when Sparrow Gallery in Denison invited Young to exhibit work, leading to participation in local art guilds. Today, working across oil, acrylic, ink, and collage, Young Kim embraces a late-blooming but fulfilling career once thought impossible. n
Great art is among the most sublime, meaningful, and redeeming creations of all civilization. Few endeavors can equal the power of great artwork to capture aesthetic beauty, to move and inspire, to change perceptions, and to communicate the nature of human experience. Great art is also complex, mysterious, and challenging. Filled with symbolism, cultural and historical references, and often visionary imagery, great artworks oblige us to reckon with their many meanings.
Architects and designers (many of our readers) have a lot of influence on the way we perceive the world. A structure often plays a significant part in how we experience a place. (Think of a restaurant, a museum, an arena, a stadium... even an office building - virtually anywhere!) The interior design impacts our sensory perception, our comfort, and our physical connection and there is also artistry in the exterior design. (That’s why we call it artchitecture.)
Studies and Reports
BY MARIA GATEA
Pedestrian Friendliness Index
wAlKAbility is no longer just a “nice-to-have” — it's become a blueprint for equitable, future-proof urban living. In 2025, a truly
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car-optional city offers the trifecta: walkability, rideability, and reliable transit that work seamlessly together — on streets buzzing with jobs, shops, and cafés.
So, which U.S. cities are getting it right? To answer that, StorageCafe created the Pedestrian Friendliness Index — a national ranking that goes beyond simple walk scores. It combines walking, biking, and transit access with commute times, neighborhood amenities, and safety, providing the clearest benchmark of where life without a car is most feasible.
And here's an additional benefit: the most pedestrian-friendly cities aren't just easier to navigate — they’re also more affordable. This isn’t only about real estate or convenience; it’s about how urban design is shaping opportu-
nity, affordability, and quality of life in the years to come.
Minneapolis leads the ranking, surpassing heavyweights like New York and San Francisco. It combines strong walk and bike scores with shorter commutes, safer streets, and more affordable homes. Miami ranks at #2. With excellent walk and transit access plus top ratings for healthcare and dining, it demonstrates that a car-optional future can succeed even in cities built for driving. The Heartland stands out with Pittsburgh, St. Paul, Buffalo, Rochester, Cleveland, and Grand Rapids, which all feature pedestrian-friendly design, shorter commutes, and affordable housing. Nearly half of the top 20 cities aren’t just walk- and ridefriendly — they’re also truly affordable.
Correct punctuation: the difference between a sentence that’s well-written and a sentence that’s, well, written.
See the full rankings (with over 150 more cities), explore the methodology, and read expert commentary <HERE>n
maria.gatea@yardi.com
Maria Gatea is a real estate and lifestyle editor for StorageCafe.
BY TONY HODGSON
WAYFINDING.
UNLOCKING THE BUILDING’S HIDDEN MAP: THE PROMISE OF AUGMENTED REALITY
Seeing Directions, Not Just Reading Them
imAgine wAlKing into A vast office tower, convention center, or mixed-use campus. Instead of stopping to study a static directory, you lift your phone—or slip on your pair of smart glasses—and digital arrows appear in front of you, guiding you effortlessly to your destination. Along the way, room numbers float over doorways, tenant names pop into view, and even emergency exits highlight themselves if needed.
“AR wayfinding is like turning your building into a living, interactive map.”
That’s augmented reality (AR) wayfinding—a new layer of visual intelligence for buildings that helps people navigate physical spaces the same way GPS transformed outdoor travel. It blends real-time location data, digital mapping, and visual overlays to make interiors more intuitive, interactive, and efficient.
VISITORS USING AR-ENABLED NAVIGATION SEE CONTEXTUAL ARROWS AND DIGITAL OVERLAYS INSIDE THE BUILDING.
How It Works—Simply Explained
At its core, AR wayfinding is a visual guidance system that uses a building’s digital twin—a 3D model of the real environment—to anchor virtual markers to physical space. A smartphone or AR smart glasses recognizes where the user is and overlays the correct route or information right onto the real-world view.
Unlike traditional signage, these overlays can update instantly. Tenants move in or out? Names change in the database and the AR layer updates everywhere at once. Visitors scanning a QR code in the lobby or tapping a location link can receive personalized, step-by-step visual directions right on their device.
“Think of it as Google Maps for your building— but smarter.”
Behind the scenes, advanced spatial computing keeps everything aligned to the building’s real geometry. The
result feels seamless—like Google Maps, but indoors and intelligent.
A BUILDING’S DIGITAL TWIN PROVIDES THE FOUNDATION FOR AR NAVIGATION ACCURACY. The Value for Owners and Managers
For property owners and managers, AR wayfinding is more than a high-tech novelty—it’s a strategic amenity. It turns navigation into an experience that reflects the property’s brand and enhances satisfaction.
Efficiency improves as staff and visitors waste less time searching for rooms, elevators, or service areas. Tenant experience improves through intuitive navigation and branded customization—each company’s logo, color scheme, or special promotions can appear in context. Even safety benefits: during emergencies, AR can visually direct occupants to exits or muster points in real time.
“An intuitive navigation system is one of the simplest ways to make a property feel world-class.”
Perhaps most importantly, it provides a new way to analyze building use. Each interaction generates anonymous insights into traffic flow, dwell times, and popular destinations— valuable intelligence for leasing and facility planning.
PROPERTY
MANAGERS CAN ANALYZE ANONYMOUS TRAFFIC DATA FROM AR INTERACTIONS.
A Marketing Advantage and Untapped Revenue in Plain Sight
For commercial real estate marketers, AR wayfinding offers something rare: a chance to differentiate the property in a crowded market. A guided digital experience signals innovation and convenience—qualities that attract high-value tenants and tech-savvy visitors.
“A property that guides you automatically is one that stands out immediately.”
An AR-enhanced property tour lets brokers or event planners showcase spaces remotely, complete with interactive overlays highlighting key features or sustainability stats. Once onsite, visitors can follow immersive trails linking retail, dining, or cultural amenities. The result: a smarter, stickier visitor experience that reinforces the property’s brand long after the visit ends.
“EMPTY”
3D SPACES ARE UNTAPPED, MONETIZABLE ADVERTISING AND INFORMATION ASSETS.
Getting Started Is Easier Than You Think
Implementing AR wayfinding doesn’t require tearing out walls or replacing signs. Many solutions start with a digital map of your building—something most facilities already have in CAD or BIM form. From there, a platform like Ethar’s Intelligent AR™ connects that data to a visual interface, anchoring digital directions and interactive content precisely where people need them.
Owners can start small—perhaps one lobby or a single tenant floor—and expand over time. Because AR content lives in the cloud or on local edge servers, updates are quick, costs are predictable, and maintenance is minimal.
SCALABLE DEPLOYMENTS FROM SINGLE LOBBIES TO FULL CAMPUSES.
Why Now
The technology behind AR wayfinding has matured rapidly. Smartphones already support precise indoor positioning, and AR-ready headsets are entering mainstream enterprise use. As expectations rise for frictionless, personalized experiences, buildings that offer them will stand apart.
Khakis –what people in Boston use to start their cars. Tony Hodgson,
“Start small, think big: one AR-enabled lobby today can grow into a fully smart campus tomorrow.”
BRING NASA-LEGACY PRECISION AND ENTERPRISE RELIABILITY TO THE WORLD OF SPATIAL COMPUTING.
Take the First Step
Ethar, Inc., a leader in spatial computing and augmented reality solutions, helps property owners and managers bridge the digital and physical worlds. Their platform makes it simple to create, deploy, and manage AR wayfinding and contextual experiences across any property type—from office complexes and hospitals to entertainment districts.
The easiest way to understand AR wayfinding is to see it in action. Visit ethar.com to explore examples and reach out for a free consultation on how AR can enhance navigation, tenant engagement, and brand perception in your buildings. “The future of wayfinding isn’t on a map— it’s right in front of your eyes.” n
About Ethar, Inc.
Ethar, Inc. is a Huntsville, Alabamabased technology company pioneering the future of spatial computing. Our platform empowers organizations to create, share, and monetize augmented reality experiences with ease. From property development and manufacturing to tourism and education, Ethar helps clients blend the physical and digital worlds in meaningful ways. We offer advanced tools for AR content creation, geospatial anchoring, and intelligent context-aware delivery—accessible on mobile devices and wearables. Learn more at ethar.com.
CEO, Ethar, Inc. thodgson@ethar.com
BY JON FITZGERALD
THE INTERSECTION OF ART, AUGMENTED REALITY, AND COMMUNITY EVENTS
THE LIVE EVENTS THAT ENHANCE OUR COMMUNITIES ARE STRUGGLING. HOW CAN SOCIAL NETWORKING, LOCATION-BASED AUGMENTED REALITY AND LIVE EVENTS BE USED TO COMPETE WITH THE DRAW TO STAY IN AND ON-LINE?
concerts And FestivAls increAsingly compete with the ubiquitous draw of online entertainment. Live events’ primary advantage is that they are LIVE! Real, actual experiences that offer the potential for a sense of community and place that digital platforms can lack.
The decline of attendance at live events is more than a missed revenue opportunity, it's an erosion of social capital. Live events are essential spaces for building connections and celebrating community identity. Integrating AR elements can create interactive, localized experiences that motivate people to participate and transform them from passive observers into active contributors to their community.
Make no mistake, these experiences are coming to a sidewalk near you. The question is: Do you want your experience to be their race to vanilla-the most common denominator-or vanilla bean that reflects and builds your community and culture.
To stay relevant, event organizers are embracing Augmented Reality (AR), weaving digital elements into real-world experiences via high-speed networks and personal devices. Social and Event apps, Location Based Services and integrated AR, when artfully deployed, can create an engag-ing atmosphere and help audiences connect with a band, festival, or their
roots. The community experience enriched by blending the ease of technology with the excitement of in-person gatherings.
ENGAGEMENT IN THE MOMENT AT THE PLACE
AR can transform passive spectators into active participants, layering interactive graphics and content onto physical settings. Attendees can access enhanced features, join collaborative challenges, and explore unique installations that help make events unforgettable; all from the cellphone in their pockets.
For organizers and guests alike, AR presents many opportunities for creative engagement. Personalized event journeys, interactive games, and real-time polls deepen participation and connection. By merging technology with authentic experiences, festivals and concerts can stand out from onlineonly entertainment and foster genuine community pride.
ART FOR THE FESTIVAL MASSES! BLENDING LOCAL CULTURE AND DIGITAL INNOVATION
From interactive art installations that unlock hidden stories to AR-powered scavenger hunts over the course of a festival weekend, these innovations invite attendees to discover new aspects of their surroundings. Some concerts use AR to enhance stage visuals, even featuring local artists in virtual performances, bridging global talent with local spirit. These creative uses can bring entertainment and education together, amplifying the cultural impact.
I asked my friend to spell ‘wonton.’ He said, ‘not now.’
é Festival App using AR to overlay virtual elements—like animated folklore characters, historical reenactments, or traditional music and dance—onto the real-world environment.
é Coachella has been using AR to engage festival-goers since Eminem introduced the technology in his 2018 concert.
I bought a Humpty Dumpty toy from Aldi. It’s brilliant! It comes with Aldi king’s horses and Aldi king’s men.
Integrating AR into live events empowers organizers to highlight local customs and languages, making experiences both inclusive and authentic. Traditional arts and folklore can find new expression through digital storytelling, reaching wider and younger audiences. Community contributors can add their perspective, ensuring technology complements rather than replaces heritage. Familiar places become interactive canvases, giving participants new ways to connect with their environment.
MIXED REALITY: PUSHING BOUNDARIES FURTHER
Mixed Reality (MR) extends these possibilities by allowing real-time interaction between physical and digital world, potentially empowering the audience to shape the show. With MR, attendees can manipulate digital elements through gestures or voice, crafting personalized experiences. Shared virtual spaces strengthen social bonds, while responsive installations add surprise and delight. MR’s flexible nature can make each festival and concert more engaging, memorable, and unique.
CHALLENGES AND LOOKING AHEAD
Despite its promise, AR and MR adoption comes with hurdles. Organizers must ensure accessibility for all participants, maintain strong digital infrastructure, and safeguard privacy. Yet, as mobile devices improve and public familiarity grows, these obstacles are becoming easier to overcome. The rise of 5G and wearable devices will further streamline immersive
experiences. By combining cutting-edge technology with a focus on local culture, event planners can create vibrant gatherings that rival online entertainment and strengthen community ties. The key: Lean forward to localize the narrative and include everyone in the story.
TLDR
• Declining attendance at live events is not just a financial loss—it also erodes social capital and weakens the sense of community.
• Live events play a vital role in fostering connections among people and celebrating the unique identity of a community.
• The ubiquity of high-speed wireless networks and powerful cellular devices create a critical mass for adoption of integrated multi-layered experiences.
• Integrating AR/MR into events can help create interactive, localized experiences that encourage participation, turning passive spectators into active contributors.
• The Key: Lean forward to localize the narrative and design to include everyone in the story. n
For 27 years, InfoLink USA has specialized in enabling productivity at the network edges. Their seasoned team of engineers and technicians, in the bustling hub city of Lafayette, Louisiana, have partnered with the healthcare, real estate, government, manufacturing, and energy sectors to make wireless work!
Questions or Comments? Please reach out at info@infoLink-USA.com
Jon Fitzgerald, Team Leader. InfoLink-USA.com
é Renowned Louisiana artist Francis X Pavy uses AR to add even more depth to his story telling artwork.
é In 2023 Dublin Ireland City Council introduced an interactive 3D map where users can be transported into the city to interact with the map to uncover Dublin landmarks, museums and attractions. The application location-based elements include a scavenger hunt to ‘gamify’ the experience.
BY KYLE TOURJÉ
LIVES, LAWSUITS, AND LOST VALUE
EARTHQUAKE READINESS IS THE NEW REAL ESTATE BOTTOM LINE
eArthquAKes don’t Follow A schedule, but their human and financial impacts are unavoidable. The latest USGS data shows a stark reality: nearly 75% of the U.S. population lives in areas at risk of destructive seismic activity, with annual losses estimated at $15 billion. In California, the threat is even more significant, with a 99% chance of a magnitude 6.7 or higher earthquake striking the Los Angeles area within the next 30 years. Despite these odds, a dangerous gap exists between scientific certainty and strategic action.
For property owners, developers, and investors, the focus must move from just complying with outdated regulations to adopting a proactive resilience plan—one that protects not only lives but also the long-term value and durability of our built environment.
Dr. Lucy Jones, one of the world’s most respected seismologists and the founder of the Great Shakeout drill, has long warned that prediction will never be the answer. “Magnitude is determined during the earthquake and not before,” she notes, emphasizing why preparation, not prediction, must guide our approach. Her research helped establish California’s earthquake advisory system and continues to influence policies that save lives. Yet even Jones
emphasizes that resilience depends as much on political and economic decisions as it does on science. Building codes often allow for a 10% failure rate, while stronger designs would only cost about 1% more—a tradeoff that leaves communities vulnerable. As Jones reminds us, “Recovery is often worse than the disaster itself,” making proactive investment in safer structures the only sensible way forward.
THE INHERENT FRAGILITY OF LEGACY STRUCTURES: A NATIONAL CONCERN
The scale of our nation’s vulnerability comes from its history. Much of our building stock—residential, commercial, and industrial—was built long before modern seismic codes were put in place. These structures were not designed with earthquakes in mind, leading to serious weaknesses. In San Francisco and Los Angeles, experts estimate that pre-1980 concrete buildings could cause half of the fatalities in a major quake. The Bay Area isn’t much safer: USGS predicts a 72% chance of a magnitude 6.7 or bigger earthquake by 2045— and Los Angeles faces similar risks from the southern San Andreas Fault. This isn’t just a West Coast problem; 37 states have experienced earthquakes of magnitude 5 or greater in the past two centuries, and new USGS models show 500 more faults across the country. The risk is widespread, and it’s growing.
Compounding this structural risk is a significant policy gap. While many cities, especially in California, have enacted mandatory retrofit ordinances, these measures often fall short. They
compel building owners to act but fail to provide the necessary financial mechanisms to make compliance feasible. These codes rarely consider secondary costs like tenant improvements, hazardous materials abatement for lead and asbestos in older buildings, or the logistical complexities of working within tenant-occupied properties. For many owners, the timeline for compliance—sometimes lasting up to 25 years—creates a false sense of security, encouraging inaction when seismic threats demand urgency. We cannot simply mandate safety; we must incentivize and finance our way to resilience. The current approach leaves countless properties vulnerable, waiting for a disaster that science tells us is not a matter of if, but when.
SEISMIC RETROFITS: TURNING COMPLIANCE INTO OPPORTUNITY
Forward-thinking owners are beginning to realize that seismic retrofitting is not just a sunk cost or a line item on a compliance checklist; it is an investment in asset preservation and value creation. The purpose of a retrofit isn’t only to prevent a building from collapsing; it’s to ensure the building remains salvageable and functional after a seismic event, turning a potential total loss into a recoverable asset. This protects equity, lowers insurance exposure, and secures future revenue streams.
By integrating seismic upgrades into larger redevelopment or adaptive reuse projects, owners can realize substantial returns while enhancing safety. This
I need to teach my facial expressions how to use their inside voice.
“value-add” approach transforms a structural requirement into a strategic asset. Consider a building with underused spaces, such as exceptionally tall floors or large, empty foyers. A seismic retrofit can be combined with projects to add a new level, convert a roof into a revenue-generating roof deck or pool, or repurpose unused areas for new tenant amenities.
In these cases, the structural upgrades needed for expansion can also address seismic weaknesses if designed properly. The outcome is a building that is safer, more valuable, and more competitive in the market.
TACTICS: BUILDING RESILIENCE FROM THE GROUND UP
For property owners prepared to shift from a reactive to a proactive approach, several strategic methods can make retrofitting easier and more affordable.
COMBINE AND CONQUER: The best time to perform a seismic retrofit is during other major projects, such as utility upgrades, tenant improvements, or adaptive reuse conversions. Purchasing an empty building and including the retrofit in the initial rehabilitation plan is ideal because it avoids the significant logistical challenges and costs of displacing tenants. Tackling all necessary work at once, despite the higher upfront cost, is much more efficient than going through multiple phases of disruption.
IDENTIFY VALUE-ADD OPPORTUNITIES: Before starting any project, collaborate with architects and engineers to find ways to increase the property’s value. Could you add more square footage? Can the roof support a tenant deck? Can inte-
rior spaces be reconfigured for better use? Incorporating seismic resilience into these value-enhancement projects offers a clear route to recover the investment.
PHASED AND STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION: For large, occupied buildings, a phased approach can reduce disruption. Retrofitting can be done in sections or on a floor-by-floor basis as leases expire. If only a few units are still occupied, consider phasing out those leases to create a window to finish the work efficiently. Keep in mind, construction costs rarely go down over time; delaying today almost certainly means a more expensive project tomorrow.
SEEK OUT FUNDING SOLUTIONS: Although municipal funding programs are often limited, it is essential to explore all available incentives. Actively seek out low-interest loans, federal grants such as FEMA’s BRIC program, and other financial resources that can help reduce costs. The best time to secure financing is before facing the pressure of a compliance deadline.
RETROFIT TODAY, AVOID CATASTROPHE TOMORROW: A CALL TO ACTION BEFORE THE SHAKING STARTS
The biggest misconception in real estate is that a catastrophic earthquake “won’t happen in our lifetime.” This complacency is a risky gamble, ignoring decades of scientific data and lessons from past disasters. The effectiveness of retrofitting is apparent. After major earthquakes, such as the Northridge event, it became evident that retrofitted or “over-engineered” buildings sustained manageable damage, while their unretrofitted or “typically de-
signed” counterparts faced catastrophic failure. The investment was worth it, as it made the structures repairable and quickly usable again.
The first step for any property owner, investor, or developer is to hire a professional to evaluate their assets and find out their true condition. Understanding your building’s seismic vulnerabilities is the basis of any solid risk management plan. For those purchasing new properties, this assessment should be an essential part of due diligence.
The path forward requires a unified effort. The structural engineering, architecture, and development communities must collaborate to lobby all levels of government for better, more comprehensive incentive programs and low-interest funding options. We need to support policies that motivate proactive owners rather than simply penalize inaction.
For individual asset owners, the time to act is now. The financial, legal, and reputational risks of doing nothing far outweigh the upfront costs of a well-planned retrofit. By making seismic resilience a core business priority, we can protect not only our investments but also the lives and communities that rely on the stability of our built environment. The next major earthquake won't wait for us to be prepared. We must build for the future we know is coming. n
By Kyle Tourjé, Executive Vice President at Alpha Structural, Inc kyle@alphastructural.com
IFMA AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE
the internAtionAl FAcility mAnAgement Association (IFMA) announced the recipients of the 2025 Awards of Excellence at its 30th annual World Workplace® Conference and Expo in Minneapolis.
Winners were recognized for representing exceptional contributions to the association, outstanding examples of facility management (FM) initiative, and innovative FM projects, practices and solutions. Each nominee was scored individually across a variety of category-specific criteria by judging panels comprised of industry experts.
Awards were presented to individuals, teams, corporate partners and IFMA Networking Groups from around the world. Chair of IFMA’s Global Board of Directors Christa Dodoo, CFM, FMP, CIWFM, CMQ/OE congratulated each winner on stage. IFMA Foundation Chair Angela R. Johnson Culver, PE, PMP presented the IFMA Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Awards and announced the winning IgniteFM! student team.
“Recognizing the significant role that individuals have played in advancing IFMA and FM has been a part of our DNA from the beginning. From the first Class of IFMA Fellows to this year’s Certified Facility Managers® and Awards of Excellence winners, we honor those who drive progress and set new standards of excellence,” said IFMA President & CEO Michael V. Geary, CAE. n
I didn't care what clothes I wore. I just went along with what my parents chose. When I look at old photo albums now, I realize that they didn't care either.
I was little,
When
I'd like to thank my legs for supporting me, my arms for always being by my side, and my fingers. I can always count on them.
IFMA’S 2025 AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE WINNERS
01/ Associate Member Award: Lorie Libby of Knight Commercial
02/ Community Involvement of Excellence: Atlanta Chapter of IFMA & Metro Power
03/ Community Award of Excellence in Communications: Workplace Evolutionaries Community of IFMA
04/ Community Award of Excellence in Programs & Professional Development: Sustainability Community of IFMA
05/ Component of Excellence: Hong Kong Chapter of IFMA
06/ Emerging Professional Award: Juan Jose Servin Diaz de Leon, CFM, SFP, CWO, CM, PM, CP, WD, IAQ MC, EI
07/ Distinguished Member Award: Edward Kacal, MBA, BSc, CFM, SFP, PMP
08/ Global Workforce Partners of Excellence: ABM
09/ Global Workforce Partners of Excellence: ESFM
10/ Global Workforce Partners of Excellence: JLL
11/ Global Workforce Partners of Excellence: Sodexo
12/ Chapter Award of Excellence in Professional Development: Denver Chapter of IFMA
13/ Facility Management Innovation Award: ESFM | Compass Group USA
14/ IgniteFM Orange Team
15/ Distinguished Author Award: Research Paper: Co-authors David Karpook, Planon Corp.; Efrie Escott, Schneider Electric; Eric Hall & John Galbraith, Gilbane Building Co.; Phil Wales, EBUSINESS STRATEGIES, LLC; Candace Todd, HOK, for “ESG by the Numbers: Key Findings & Resources to Help You Strengthen Your ESG Strategy”
16/ Chapter Award of Excellence in Web Communications: Denver Chapter of IFMA
17/ Distinguished Author Award: Book: Co-authors Jan Gerard Hoendervanger, Theo van der Voordt, Jaap Wijnja for “Corporate Real Estate Management”
18/ Council or Community of the Year: Corporate Facilities Council of IFMA
19/ The Sheila Sheridan Award for Sustainable Facility Operations & Management: Kelley Whalen, EEP, SFP, ADTRAN
20/ IFMA Volunteer of the Year Award: Lisa Vanderheyden, CFM, FMP, SFP, PMP, LEED AP O+M, CFT
21/ Large Chapter of the Year: Greater Phoenix Chapter of IFMA
22/ Small Chapter of the Year: Trinidad and Tobago Chapter of IFMA
23 Student Chapter of the Year: IFMA’s Greater Phoenix Student Chapter at Arizona State University
24/ Workforce Initiative Partnership of Excellence: Seattle Chapter of IFMA
PICTURES NOT AVAILABLE:
George Graves Award for Facility Management Achievement: Dhananjaya Abesinghe, Lenovo Middle East, Turkey & Africa
IFMA Foundation Volunteer of the Year: Nada Aboelmagd
Distinguished Educator Award: Carolyn McGary, CFM, FMP, SFP, PBD, of Metropolitan State University of Denver
REIMAGINED: ARTHUR ASHE STADIUM
HISTORIC US OPEN
TRANSFORMATION
The greaTesT sTage in tennis is set for a grand makeover.
With the largest single investment in US Open history, the USTA will reimagine and modernize Arthur Ashe Stadium, build a new, state-of-theart Player Performance Center, and create a bold, visionary future for fans, players, and partners.
The project involves an $800 million investment in the US Open and the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, which is fully self-funded by
the USTA. New York City continues to benefit from over $1.2 billion in annual economic impact during the threeweek US Open. The transformation will unfold over three phases and be finished by the 2027 US Open, without disrupting play or fan access for the 2025-26 events.
“The US Open is the pinnacle of sports and entertainment, with the greatest athletes and fans in all of sport, and this reimagination of Arthur Ashe Stadium and construction of a stateof-the-art Player Performance Center
will enhance the experience for everyone that comes on site to the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center,” said Lew Sherr, CEO and Executive Director, USTA. “This project enables us to maintain the greatest stage in tennis—Arthur Ashe Stadium—which was constructed more than 25 years ago and modernize it in a way that will set it up for the next 25 years.”
REIMAGINED ARTHUR ASHE STADIUM, MODERNIZED AND ENHANCED AT ALL LEVELS
The project will comprehensively enhance and modernize the US Open’s
We just found out that Grandpa is addicted to Viagra. No one is taking it harder than Grandma.
centerpiece, Arthur Ashe Stadium, elevating the experience for all fans inside tennis’ grandest stage. The enhancements include:
• A brand-new, visually striking Grand Entrance befitting the grandest stage in all of tennis.
• A 40-percent increase to the promenade-level concourse, adding significantly more open space for fans at the promenade and loge levels.
• Completely modernized concourses, with all-newly designed retail experiences and food and beverage spaces.
• Significantly increased access to restrooms on all concourses, and more escalators and elevators to all levels.
• An upward extension of the courtside-level bowl with 2,000 new seats, expanding the courtside experience from 3,000 to 5,000 seats.
• All-new club and restaurant areas, with enhanced dining options and premium hospitality spaces.
• Two new dedicated luxury suite levels.
• A state-of-the-art, $250-Million Player Performance Center to Provide Unparalleled Support
Close to 2,800 players and members of their teams converge on the US Open each year to put on one of the greatest shows in sports. The twostory, state-of-the-art facility will be built on the top two floors of a fourfloor building on the west side of Arthur Ashe Stadium, adjacent to the practice courts. It will include:
• New and expanded indoor and outdoor fitness and warmup areas, featuring turf, track, and US Open court surfaces for training.
• Redesigned and expansive locker rooms and lounges, providing players with a spa-like experience.
• Upsized indoor player dining and an all-new outdoor player courtyard, as well as a new, dedicated cafe accessible only by players.
• Dedicated player entranceway, welcoming the best athletes on the planet to the biggest stage in tennis.
The new Player Performance Center will be fully completed and accessible for players and teams by the 2027 US Open.
WORLD-CLASS ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS BRINGING THE BEST TO THE US OPEN
The lead architect of the overall reimagination project is ROSSETTI, the architect for the original construction of Arthur Ashe Stadium, as well as the expansive transformation project that was completed in 2018. ROSSETTI, led by President and CEO Matt Rossetti, conceptualized and designed the Player Performance Center, having created player performance facilities for the Los Angeles Lakers, Green Bay Packers, Miami Dolphins and Jacksonville Jaguars.
To design the new Grand Entrance of Arthur Ashe Stadium, ROSSETTI worked with architect Daniel Libeskind—world-renowned as the master planner and architect for the reconstructed World Trade Center. For the concepts and design of Ashe’s new club and restaurant spaces, ROSSETTI worked with Garrett Singer, known for designing many of America’s trendiest restaurants and clubs.
The reimagination project will take place over three phases and be completed by the 2027 US Open, without interruption to scheduled play or fan access for the 2025-26 events. [Phase 1 was completed before this year’s US Open. It included structural and mostly behind-the-scenes work, with no major changes noticeable to those in attendance.]
Photos and renditions courtesy of USTA and Rossetti Architects. n
WHY RUSSIA SOLD ALASKA TO THE U.S. THE
But overharvesting was making the fur trade far less profitable. There were also tensions among Russian, British and American fur traders, partly because the limits of their territories and hunting grounds were not well defined. And Russia’s sparsely populated settlements and assets were poorly defended.
it’s An historicAl irony, considering what’s happening in that part of the world today, that Russia sold Alaska partly because of a war in Crimea. Crimea, a peninsula that the Russian Empire annexed in 1783 under Catherine the Great, became part of an independent Ukraine in 1991. Russia then seized it in 2014, which previewed its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
During an era of colonial expansion, Russian explorers reached present-day Alaska in the 18th century by crossing a narrow strait that separates Asia from North America. The strait was named after Vitus Bering, the Danish-born mariner who spent most of his adult life in the Russian navy and was sent abroad by Czar Peter the Great in the 1720s to claim new Russian territory.
Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867 for financial gain, strategic reasons, and logistical benefits. Russia was in debt after the Crimean War (1853–1856) and needed money. Alaska was expensive to administer, and there weren’t enough settlers or resources being developed there at the time to justify the cost. Additionally, Alaska was a remote and sparsely populated region. If another war broke out—especially with Britain, which controlled neighboring Canada—Russia doubted it could defend the territory. Selling it removed a vulnerability.
In the mid-19th century, Alaska was primarily viewed as a fur-trading outpost, and the fur trade was in decline. Russia didn’t yet see gold, oil, or other major resources as exploitable. To them, Alaska looked like a frozen liability. Additionally, Russia viewed the United States as a valuable counterbalance to Britain, its geopolitical rival. Selling Alaska to the U.S. strengthened ties with Washington and reduced British influence in North America.
Developments on other continents complicated the challenges of holding Alaska. One was trade: Russia increasingly wanted to focus on imperial expansion in its Far East. Another was war. When Russia began fighting Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire in Crimea in 1853, Russian officials worried that British forces might try to invade the Russian Far East through North America. Even after that threat subsided, they continued to worry about the British presence in the Pacific.
They also wondered if “Russian America” would survive U.S. expansionism. By the 1850s, the United States had acquired California, annexed Texas, and fought a war with Mexico. There was talk of “Manifest Destiny,” the idea that the United States was destined to expand across North America.
Russian officials, including the commander of its Pacific fleet, urged the ailing empire to offload Alaska while it could. The diplomatic conditions for a sale were good. Trade between Russia and the United States was blossoming, and both were increasingly distrustful of Britain, America’s former colonial master.
Eduard Stoeckl, the Russian minister to the United States. Two weeks later, they agreed on $7.2 million, or less than two cents an acre. A treaty was signed in Seward’s office at 4 a.m. after an all-night negotiating session, and later approved by Congress and Czar Alexander II.
The deal led to some tension and scandal: The U.S. government was late to pay Russia, and there were accusations that American politicians and journalists had taken cuts of the payment as bribes. Some critics did not see the strategic advantage of adding a frozen territory more than twice the size of France and called the purchase “Seward’s folly” or “Seward’s Icebox.”
But the resistance was driven mainly by a minority of American newspapers. Alaska turned out to have plenty of resources, including gold, timber, and petroleum, and the purchase was increasingly seen as a good deal for the United States. Alaska became the 49th state in 1959.
In Russia, there was some relief after the deal. However, by the time of the Soviet era, it was viewed as an embarrassment. “Alaska is ours” billboards popped up in Russia after the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and some politicians and television pundits amplified the message. n
In March 1867, Secretary of State William Henry Seward opened the negotiations by offering $5 million for the territory to é Secretary of State William Henry Seward.
é The $7.2 million U.S. Treasury check that sealed the American purchase of Alaska in 1867. [from the National Archives and Records Administration.]
When I was a boy, my mother would send me down to the corner store with $1.00 and I'd come back with 5 potatoes, 2 loaves of bread, 2 bottles of milk, a packet of tea, and eggs. You can't do that now. There are too many security cameras.
THE SARGASSO SEA
the sArgAsso seA is an area of the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by four currents that form an ocean gyre. [In oceanography, a gyre is a large system of surface currents that move in a circular pattern, driven by wind.] It is the only named sea without land boundaries and is known for its distinctive brown Sargassum seaweed and usually calm blue waters.
Bermuda is located near the western edge of the sea. While all of the above currents carry marine plants and debris into the ocean, the water in the Sargasso Sea is unique for its deep blue hue and exceptional clarity, with underwater visibility reaching up to 200 feet.
Portuguese navigators named the Sargasso Sea in the western North Atlantic after the Sargassum seaweed that grows there (sargaço or sargasso in Portuguese). Later, in 1492, Christopher Columbus wrote about the seaweed, fearing it could trap his ship and hide shallow waters that might run them aground, as well as
The sea is bordered on the west by the Gulf Stream, on the north by the North Atlantic Current, on the east by the Canary Current, and on the south by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current. It lies between 20° and 35° north and 40° and 70° west, measuring approximately 600 nautical miles wide and 1,750 nautical miles long.
Today, the international nautical mile is defined as about 6,076 ft (or 1.151 miles). The derived unit of speed is the knot, one nautical mile per hour.
a lack of wind that he also feared would trap them. The Sargasso Sea is home to seaweed of the genus Sargassum, which floats en masse on the surface.
The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt is the largest such mass in the world. The sargassum masses generally are not a threat to shipping. It plays a role in the migration of certain eel species. (pic 3 with caption) Like many unique ocean ecosystems, the Sargasso Sea faces various threats, such as industrial-scale fishing, plastic waste pollution, oil drilling, and deep-sea mining. It often accumulates a high concentration of non-biodegradable plastic waste.
The area includes the massive North Atlantic garbage patch. Several countries and nongovernmental organizations have come together to protect the Sargasso Sea. These groups include the Sargasso Sea Commission, which was created in 2014 by the governments of the Azores (Portugal), Bermuda (United Kingdom), Monaco, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
The Sargasso Sea is often portrayed in literature and media as a mysterious area. It is frequently depicted in fiction as a dangerous zone where ships become stuck in seaweed for centuries, unable to escape. n
é The North Atlantic Gyre is one of five major ocean gyres.
é 3 Lines of sargassum in the Sargasso Sea.
BY CHRISTIAN TORGRIMSON
when the government tAKes private property for public use through eminent domain or condemnation, the rules about what information property owners and other real estate professionals, such as commercial tenants, are entitled to receive vary greatly. Several questions need to be asked: Do you have the right to negotiation or notice before formal proceedings start? Are you allowed to see the government’s appraisal? What strategic information might be kept hidden, and how will this affect the property’s future?
Behind all these questions are laws and procedures that help provide answers for real estate professionals trying to navigate the often opaque — and highstakes — world of government takings. Even small or seemingly minor takings can have outsized impacts on how a property operates, from loss of access and signage to changes in frontage that can spell the end for a commercial business. Adding to the frustration is a range of state practices and rules that owners need to familiarize themselves with when it comes to getting answers to these questions.
A RIGHT TO GOOD FAITH NEGOTIATION
In most states, condemning authorities must attempt to negotiate a settlement with property owners before initiating a formal condemnation proceeding. However, this obligation rarely extends to other parties who might be affected, such as tenants and easement holders. Only a few states require a condemning authority to notify or negotiate with tenants beforehand. Nevertheless, most states mandate that tenants be named in the action along with all other interested parties. Since commercial properties are often leased—particu-
EGAL VIEW
HIDING THE BALL: WHAT YOU’RE
ENTITLED TO KNOW (OR NOT) WHEN THE GOVERNMENT COMES KNOCKING FOR A PUBLIC PROJECT
UNDER EMINENT DOMAIN
larly under ground leases—this can complicate matters when tenants are caught off guard by the service of a filed condemnation action of which they were unaware.
If this occurs, time is of the essence. Most states have strict timing requirements for responses and condemnation procedures. Unlike most civil cases between private parties, these deadlines often cannot be waived, reopened, or extended. Therefore, it is essential for any party served with notice of an action to immediately seek legal counsel to help preserve their rights in the case.
This also means that tenants are often left with less information than the owner may have received, putting them at a disadvantage in negotiations. One solution is to ensure the lease agreements clearly specify that both parties must exchange any information received and provide reasonable notice of any offer for acquisition, threatened
BY ASHLYNN HUTTON
formal condemnation, or filed legal action. This guarantees that tenants receive as much information as possible promptly and ensures that all parties start negotiations and discussions with the same knowledge.
CAN I SEE THE GOVERNMENT’S APPRAISAL?
Generally, uniform procedures and policies across the country require a condemning authority to obtain an appraisal for a taking and to offer that amount to the owner. However, most states do not mandate sharing the actual appraisal report. Some states even go further by protecting these reports from disclosure during discovery. This gives condemning authorities more leverage in negotiations. After all, how can someone discuss and negotiate compensation and be aware of the weaknesses of an appraisal they can’t see?
If your state requires an appraisal to be shared, it should be automatically sent with the offer to the owner. If you are in a state that does not require an appraisal to be shared with an owner, there is still a way to obtain most of the same information. Most states do require a summary or explanation to be provided with the condemnor’s offer. Condemning authorities often try to limit these summaries to the bare minimum of information. However, an owner should never assume that what they’ve been given is all the information they are entitled to.
An informed owner can request additional details, such as: What is the total property value that was appraised, and what is its highest and best use? What appraisal method was used? Which comparable sales were relied upon?
“What do you mean by that?”
“I am my wife's sexual advisor.” Somewhat shocked, he said,
“Do you have a job?” I replied,
Someone asked me,
“My wife told me that when she wants my fucking advice, she'll ask for it.”
“Very simple,” I said.
If an income-approach valuation was employed, what was the estimated income and cap rate? How were improvements valued? What quotes or estimates did the condemnor obtain? If a condemnor is unwilling to provide these details, owners can often consult open records or freedom of information laws to request this missing information without waiting for discovery or incurring litigation costs.
Obtaining these answers can often reveal weaknesses in the condemnor’s appraisal. For instance, if the appraiser only examined Class B commercial property instead of Class A, or a different type of commercial property altogether, the condemnee has a stronger argument and can present more comparable sales or properties to establish a higher value. If the condemnor considered sales that are far outside the market for the property or failed to analyze more recent sales, this indicates a significant flaw in the data used. Similarly, if an owner can demonstrate that an income stream was underestimated or that the cap rate doesn’t align closely with current market rates, the property values can be increased.
WHAT STRATEGIC INFORMATION MIGHT REMAIN HIDDEN?
Even if an owner can obtain important appraisal information, a condemning authority may still intentionally or strategically withhold key details that the owner must seek out. Often, a condemning authority might try to downplay or ignore how a taking will affect the remaining property.
For example, if a small 10-foot strip of frontage is taken, it may seem harmless at first glance. However, what effect will it have on the zoning setback and landscaping requirements? Does it impact parking or a drive aisle, altering site circulation or how the entire site functions? Alternatively, maybe it’s a drainage easement needed. But what happens if a drainage structure fails and floods the property? Who will have to repair it? Is the condemnor directing runoff from its public road onto an existing private drainage area? Has the condemning authority even conducted a flow and volume analysis to ensure there won’t be impacts to the property? A temporary driveway easement to connect a driveway to a
roadway seems even less harmless, especially if you only see it shown on a two-dimensional black and white plat. But does it change access from full-turn to right-in, right-out only? Is the profile or grade of the driveway being altered? Owners should be sure to request all relevant project plans, including grades and profiles, utilities, and similar documents. Owners should also review local zoning requirements before assuming a small taking won’t have a significant impact. Engineers and attorneys experienced with condemnations and public projects can be invaluable in determining what additional information the condemning authority might not be disclosing.
By identifying these types of impacts early, owners can better prepare to negotiate plan revisions that reduce impacts or ensure they are compensated for the costs of mitigation. Simply accepting the offer and appraised value without negotiation could lead to surprises later, with unforeseen impacts that can’t be recovered after negotiations are finished.
FINAL TAKEAWAY
When a condemnor makes an offer for a taking, property owners should generally know how the condemnor arrived at a specific figure and what the appraised value of the taking area is. The offer may not include all affected interests in a property, such as lenders or tenants, or account for all the impacts a taking will have on the property. Structuring lease agreements favorably and requesting as much information as possible give owners a better chance to negotiate fairly during a taking. Additionally, seeking outside advice early on—from attorneys, appraisers, and engineers—can help owners fill in gaps, make fully informed decisions during negotiations with a condemnor, ensure they are compensated fairly, and prevent surprises later. n
BY ADAM MCCANN
Happiest States in America
(2025)
A mix oF internAl and external factors shapes happiness. We can boost it by approaching situations positively or choosing to spend time with people we love, doing activities we enjoy. However, other things are out of our control, like the cost-of-living crisis or recordhigh economic uncertainty – and they have taken a toll, with only 44% of Americans saying they are “very satisfied” with their lives
Even though people across the U.S. are facing difficult times, the state in which you live may have an impact on how happy you are. In this study, WalletHub drew upon the findings of “happiness” research to determine which environmental factors are linked to a person’s overall well-being and satisfaction with life. Previous studies have found that good economic, emotional, physical, and social health are all key to a well-balanced and fulfilled life. They examined the 50 states across 30 key metrics, ranging from the depression rate and the share of adults feeling productive to income growth and the unemployment rate.
Hawaii is the happiest state, living up to its reputation as an island paradise, with residents reporting the highest levels of life satisfaction in the nation and the secondlowest depression rate. Hawaiians also enjoy great physical health, with around 85% of adults reporting that they are in good or better
TRENDI G
health, the 10th-best percentage in the nation. Hawaiians also have the longest life expectancy in the U.S., and nearly 72% of adults in the state report being active and productive daily. To top things off, favorable economic conditions help Hawaiians stay happy. Hawaii
has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the nation, at 2.4%, as well as the second-highest share of households with an annual income above $75,000. This naturally leads to the state having the 11th-lowest share of adults with financial anxiety.
Maryland is the second-happiest state, in part because it has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the nation, at 3.2%, along with the highest percentage of households earning over $75,000 per year. Maryland residents also post on social media about work-related stress less often than people in all but four other states, which shows that they have decent work conditions on top of job stability. When surveyed about life satisfaction, Maryland residents report liking what they do and being motivated to achieve their goals at the third-highest rate in the U.S. The state also has the third-lowest share of people who report having traumatic events during their childhood, and the third-highest share of people who report having supportive relationships and love in their lives. The Old Line State also has the fifth-lowest suicide rate in the country, which shows that people are generally having their mental health concerns addressed before they become overwhelming.
Nebraska is the third-happiest state, with the fourth-lowest unemployment rate, at 2.9%, and the second-highest economic security in the nation, which measures whether community members are employed, insured, and otherwise financially stable. The state also has the sixthlowest depression rate and the ninth-highest share of adults reporting good or better health. All these factors come together to create the conditions for good mental health. Residents of Nebraska also demonstrate their happiness in their marriages. The Cornhusker State has the sixthlowest separation and divorce rate in the country, at around 18%. Finally, when it comes to work-life balance, although Nebraskans work more hours per week than residents in most other states, they still get to enjoy the most leisure time in the nation.
To view the full report and your state’s rank, to understand the methodology and read expert commentary, click <HERE> n
Adam McCann is a personal finance writer for WalletHub.
BY BRIGADIER GENERAL (RET) T.J. EDWARDS
mAnAging multiFAmily properties cAn be complex, but improving underperforming ones often involves returning to core principles. Military veterans understand the idea of "Back to Basics” because they all go through some form of “basic training." This provides them with vital skills and knowledge for future success. Although there’s no “Boot Camp” for property managers, focusing on the fundamentals of property management can make complex multifamily issues easier to address. Concentrating on a few key basics can help property managers revitalize assets, increase tenant satisfaction, and improve financial results
ASSESS THE CURRENT STATE
The first step in successfully turning around a multifamily property is conducting a comprehensive assessment that examines every aspect of operations to identify opportunities for improvement. This begins with a detailed review of the property’s financial performance, physical condition, and resident feedback. (The military refers to this as “mission analysis.”) This ensures that all necessary work and success goals are clear and understood by everyone involved (including the property management team, site staff, and the property’s owners or investors), and it encourages open discussion and a team-focused approach.
Review income statements, occupancy trends, and expense reports to spot inefficiencies or missed revenue opportunities. Then, evaluate the property's physical condition, including identifying deferred maintenance, safety issues, and outdated amenities that could impact occupancy or resident satisfaction. Conduct a 100% vacant unit inspection on day one or during the due diligence period to determine the most efficient and cost-effective way to prepare units for occupancy.
Resident feedback is crucial. Conduct resident surveys to understand concerns about management responsiveness, maintenance quality, and community involvement. This helps identify areas for improvement, builds trust with residents, and clarifies expectations for the community’s future.
By completing this detailed assessment, you will establish a solid baseline of what’s performing well and what requires immediate attention. The findings guide the development of a strategic action plan—prioritized, datadriven, and time-bound—to ensure measurable progress and sustainable improvement. This
BACK TO BASICS: TURNING AROUND MULTIFAMILY PROPERTIES
isn’t “winging it” or “guesstimates.” Plan to do an honest analysis and assessment. Avoid solving the wrong problem or even creating more problems.
PRIORITIZE CURB APPEAL AND MAINTENANCE
First impressions matter, and a property’s exterior and common areas greatly influence attracting and retaining residents; they set the tone for how they perceive its management and overall quality of life.
Attention to detail is essential. Well-maintained landscaping—with trimmed lawns, fresh mulch, and seasonal flowers—immediately enhances the property’s appearance. Exterior updates such as repainting faded surfaces, repairing walkways, and ensuring all lighting functions properly not only improve aesthetics but also boost safety and visibility. Addressing deferred maintenance, like roof leaks, plumbing issues, or broken HVAC systems, prevents long-term damage and demonstrates that the property is well cared for.
Curb appeal is the overall impression your property makes on anyone who visits or drives by. It means the entire community always looks clean, sharp, and welcoming. This involves keeping parking lots, sidewalks, laundry rooms, entrances, trash areas, and shared spaces free from litter and debris. Every area should show consistent care and pride in its maintenance. The military also takes pride in both its platforms (ships, aircraft, and weapons)
BY ROXANA TOFAN
and its people (uniforms, personal grooming, and even weight).
Strong curb appeal directly results in better leasing performance, higher resident satisfaction, and ultimately, lower turnover and higher occupancy—key factors in a property’s financial success and long-term stability.
ENHANCE TENANT EXPERIENCE
Enhancing the tenant experience is one of the most effective ways to boost retention, management’s reputation, and overall property success. Happy residents are more likely to renew their leases and recommend the community to friends, family, and colleagues. Creating an environment where tenants feel valued, listened to, and connected is essential for long-term success.
This starts with responsive communication. Residents should have clear, reliable ways to report maintenance issues or share concerns—whether through an online portal, app, or direct contact. Timely follow-up is crucial. Prompt, professional responses show that management is attentive and committed to resolving problems quickly. Many operators use property management software to track requests, provide status updates, and improve transparency between residents and staff. AI software is transforming many property management tasks, but remember that most AI programs still require some human verification and interaction to work best.
Building a sense of community is just as important. Organizing regular events—such as resident appreciation days, barbecues, movie nights, or fitness classes—helps foster relationships among neighbors and between residents and management. They create opportunities for connection and show that management cares about residents' wellbeing beyond just collecting rent. Even small gestures, such as seasonal contests, coffee mornings, or holiday decorating events, can significantly boost resident morale and engagement.
Amenity upgrades also greatly increase satisfaction. Check if current amenities—such as fitness centers, laundry rooms, business lounges, or outdoor spaces—meet today's resident expectations. Modern renters value convenience, comfort, and connectivity. Simple improvements, such as adding high-speed Wi-Fi in common areas, installing package
9 out of 10 husbands agreed that their wives are always right. The 10th husband hasn't been seen since the study was conducted.
lockers, or creating shaded outdoor seating, can significantly enhance the living experience.
Finally, actively listening to resident feedback and acting on it helps build trust and loyalty. Regular surveys and one-on-one conversations give valuable insights into what residents truly want. When residents see their feedback lead to visible improvements— whether it’s faster maintenance, better lighting, or upgraded amenities—it strengthens their confidence in management. This not only reduces turnover and vacancy rates but also boosts the property’s reputation, making it a place where people want to live.
OPTIMIZE OPERATIONS
Optimizing daily operations is essential for the long-term financial success of any multifamily property. Effective systems not only reduce costs but also enhance service quality, increase resident satisfaction, and free up management to focus more on strategic growth efforts.
Strong vendor management is vital for operational efficiency. Collaborating with reliable service suppliers and regularly reviewing contracts for maintenance, landscaping, cleaning, and repairs ensures consistent quality while keeping costs in check.
Technology integration is another crucial factor in streamlining operations. Modern property management platforms automate essential processes like rent collection, maintenance tracking, and lease renewals—eliminating manual errors and improving response times. Automated systems also boost transparency for residents, allowing them to submit requests, pay rent, or communicate with management quickly and easily.
Equally important is staff training and development. Ever wonder why America has the greatest military in the free world? It’s mainly because of America’s commitment to military training and development. Well-trained on-site teams are the frontline of property operations, directly impacting resident experience and operational success. Investing in ongoing education on topics such as customer service, fair housing compliance, maintenance coordination, and conflict resolution ensures staff can confidently and professionally handle daily challenges. Empowered, knowledgeable employees lead to smoother operations and happier residents.
BOOST OCCUPANCY AND REVENUE
Low occupancy often signals underlying issues—whether related to pricing, marketing, or resident satisfaction. Addressing these challenges with a proactive, data-driven approach can stabilize income and enhance property performance. Begin with competitive pricing. Regularly analyze market trends and similar properties to ensure rental rates are both
appealing and profitable. Offering short-term perks, such as move-in specials or reduced deposits, can attract new residents without sacrificing long-term value.
Strategic marketing is also essential. Use professional photography, virtual tours, and engaging social media posts to highlight the property’s best features. Showcase recent upgrades and community events to create an active, well-maintained impression. Listing on multiple platforms and maintaining a consistent online presence ensures maximum visibility among potential renters.
Maintaining an updated “Google My Business” profile is essential for attracting potential tenants in today’s digital-first world. When people search for “apartments near me” or use GPS, your property’s listing often appears at or near the top of local results. Ensuring contact details, photos, amenities, and reviews are up to date helps your property make a strong first impression online, increases visibility, and attracts more qualified leads to your leasing office.
Besides digital marketing, community outreach marketing remains a highly effective strategy, even if it might seem old-fashioned. Building relationships with local businesses, fire departments, police stations, schools, and other organizations raises awareness of the property within the community. These groups often serve as trusted sources of information for people relocating to the area or seeking housing, and their word-of-mouth referrals can attract high-quality tenants. Hosting tours, sponsoring local events, or simply providing informational materials helps establish the property as a visible, involved, and respected part of the neighborhood, complementing online efforts and strengthening the property’s reputation.
Lastly, focus on lease retention. The most cost-effective way to maintain high occupancy is by ensuring current residents are satisfied. Proactively reach out to tenants 90–120 days before their lease expires to discuss renewal options. Small incentives—such as free carpet cleaning, appliance upgrades, or modest rent reductions—can encourage residents to renew.
MONITOR AND ADJUST
Turning around a multifamily property isn't a one-time task; it requires ongoing adaptation and effort. Regularly tracking key performance indicators such as occupancy rates, tenant turnover, collections, and net operating income provides essential insights into the property’s performance. Use this data to guide strategic adjustments. For example, consistently high maintenance costs could signal the need for a preventative maintenance program to reduce long-term expenses and avoid costly emergency repairs. Ongoing tenant complaints may indicate areas where communication, staff training, or operational procedures need improvement to boost efficiency and resident satisfaction. Regular monitoring allows management to identify trends early, respond proactively, and refine processes for optimal efficiency.
TURNING VISION INTO RESULTS
Successfully turning around a multifamily property requires disciplined focus on the fundamentals: assessing the property’s condition, improving curb appeal, enhancing tenant experience, optimizing operations, and boosting occupancy. By addressing these core areas, property managers can transform underperforming assets into vibrant, well-managed communities that deliver strong returns for owners and an exceptional living experience for residents.
What sets the most successful companies in property turnarounds apart is their ability to deliver lasting results through consistent accountability, clear communication, strategic focus, genuine care, proactive problemsolving, and enthusiasm. Getting back to basics for success in multifamily property management is an ongoing, iterative process that allows for constant feedback and improvement. Equally important is building strong partnerships with property owners and, when needed, with capital funding sources. Open communication, aligned goals, and shared dedication to the property’s success foster trust and flexibility, which are essential for overcoming challenges and making strategic investments. A successful turnaround involves implementing innovative operational strategies and nurturing collaborative relationships to build a property that can thrive in the long term. n
T. J. Edwards retired from the U.S. Army after 30 years of service. He is a Contributing Editor of tjedwardsjr23@gmail.com Roxana Tofan is a commercial real estate and business broker and the founder and owner of Clear Integrity Group in San Antonio. She is also a Contributing Editor of roxana@clearintegritygroup.com
BY ROXANA TOFAN THE
WRIGHT BROTHERS
imAgine stAnding on A wind-swept beach, watching a fragile wooden machine lift into the air, shake, wobble, and then fly for the first time under human power. That historic moment didn’t
BY KASANDRA EDWARDS
come from magic or luck—it came from two brothers in Dayton, Ohio, whose curiosity, ingenuity, and persistence would forever change history.
Wilbur, born April 16, 1867, and Orville, born February 24, 1871, Wright, were the sons of Milton and Susan Wright. Raised in a household that fostered intellectual curiosity, the brothers were encouraged to explore, ask questions, and experiment. They taught themselves mechanics, engineering, and aeronautics, honing their skills in their print and bicycle shops. Neither attended college, nor married, yet their ingenuity and perseverance pushed them to achieve what many believed was impossible.
HOW
Their approach was systematic and creative. They studied birds in flight, tested gliders, built a wind tunnel to improve airfoils, and invented a three-axis control system that enabled pilots to steer accurately and stay balanced. Failure was part of the process; each mistake taught them important lessons that led to success. By combining science, observation, and hands-on testing, they made the dream of powered flight come true.
The Wright Brothers’ fascination with flight started in childhood, sparked by a simple helicopter toy their father gave them. Their interest grew after they read about Otto Lilienthal, the German glider pioneer, whose fatal crash in 1896 strengthened their resolve to understand flight. By 1899, they had read every book on aeronautics available at their local library and even asked the Smithsonian Institution for advice. Through persistent study, observation, and experimentation, they identified three key elements of powered flight: wings to produce lift, an engine for thrust, and a control system to steer the aircraft. For the Wrights, flight was more than just a technical challenge—it was a mission to unlock the sky itself.
On December 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the Wright Flyer lifted off the sand, carrying Orville 120 feet in 12 seconds, marking the first controlled, sustained, powered flight in history. Though brief, this moment signified a monumental breakthrough: humans could now soar through the sky. The Wright Brothers’ achievement extended far beyond this initial flight. Their innovations in aerodynamics, lift, propulsion, and control systems laid the foundation for modern aviation, transforming the way people traveled, connected, and envisioned the world.
Dayton, Ohio, was the birthplace of their ideas, experiments, and inventions. However, for testing, they needed conditions quite different from those of a Midwestern city. The brothers consulted the U.S. Weather Bureau, which suggested Kitty Hawk, a small town on North Carolina's Outer Banks. The isolated dunes provided steady winds and soft sand, ideal for the trial-and-error testing essential for flight. It was here, amidst gusts and shifting sands, that two determined brothers turned sketches and dreams into a flying reality, showcasing human ingenuity at its best.
Their journey started in the summer of 1899, when the Wrights first experimented with a small biplane in Dayton, introducing the innovative idea of “wing warping” to steer the aircraft. By October 1900, they had tested their first glider, and by the summer of 1901, they had completed dozens of glides, gaining lessons that no book could teach.
In 1904 and 1905, they built and flew two more aircraft near Dayton, achieving flights lasting up to 39 minutes while performing circles
and maneuvers. To protect their invention and negotiate sales, the brothers paused public flying. In February 1908, they signed a $25,000 contract with the U.S. Army, demonstrating that their aircraft could carry a pilot and passenger for an hour at 40 mph. They also secured agreements with French investors interested in licensing their designs. In 1909, they founded the Wright Company, opening a factory, flying field, and flight school. Wilbur died in 1912 at age 45, while Orville carried their legacy forward until 1948, earning world-
wide recognition as one of aviation’s greatest pioneers.
From a small bicycle shop in Dayton to the windy sands of Kitty Hawk, the Wright Brothers demonstrated that curiosity, hard work, and careful tinkering can change the world. Their story reminds us that great ideas start with curiosity, grow through persistence, and take off with courage. With determination and vision, even the biggest dreams can become reality. n
Roxana Tofan is a commercial real estate and business broker and the founder and owner of Clear Integrity Group in San Antonio. She is also a Contributing Editor of roxana@clearintegritygroup.com Kassandra Edwards: kassie@clearintegritygroup.com
I convinced my wife to help me put some posts in the ground for our new fence. I gave her a hammer and said, “When I nod my head, you hit it.” I don't remember much after that.
I tried to donate blood today. Never again! Too many stupid questions: Whose blood is it? Where did you get it from? Why is it in a bucket?
i believe thAt, in today’s post-reality world, if you have a platform, you are morally obligated to use it. What is happening in our country as we chaotically ricochet from democracy to autocracy, led by a narcissistic man filled with hate and with no moral compass, and who is surrounded by guileful sycophants, is something no one
should tolerate or ignore. Nothing less than the fate of our country is at stake.
Each of us, regardless of station or influence, must commit to vigilanceand action—whether through voting, speaking out, or supporting initiatives that safeguard our freedoms. Complacency is com-
THE ART OF HYPOCRISY:
DONALD TRUMP’S CONTRADICTIONS LAID BARE
Donald Trump has spent his entire political career trying to convince Americans that he is both the victim and the savior, the underdog and the king, the humble servant and the chosen one. It’s a dizzying balancing act. The real trick, though, isn’t that he’s hypocritical—it’s that his fans cheer louder every time he contradicts himself.
got a golden-plated fountain installed in the middle.
He has built his political career on contradiction—a series of hypocrisies so bold that they would sink almost any other public figure. What makes Trump unique is not that he lies or contradicts himself—politicians have always done that—but that he does so brazenly, in full view, and often within the same breath. His supporters call it “telling it like it is.” In reality, it’s about telling it however it suits him in the moment. Take his relentless crusade against “fake news.” Trump condemns the press as the “enemy of the people,” dismissing well-documented reporting as fabricated. Yet no one has relied more heavily on media attention than Trump himself. He obsessively consumes coverage, demands headlines, and depends on the very institutions he discredits to keep his name in circulation. He attacks the press with one hand while holding out the other for their spotlight.
Think about his “drain the swamp” slogan. Trump promised to eliminate corruption and self-serving elites in Washington. Instead, his administration became a revolving door of unqualified sycophants. The swamp didn’t drain—it simply
Trump presents himself as a defender of Christian values, appealing to evangelicals with talk about faith and family. However, his personal record—serial adultery, hush money payments, crude boasts about sexual assault—seems the opposite of the moral integrity he claims to uphold. His religious supporters once labeled such behavior as disqualifying; now they argue he’s God’s chosen vessel.
On patriotism: Trump criticized NFL players who knelt during the anthem, calling them un-American, while he himself avoided military service with questionable medical deferments. He wraps himself in the flag while insulting veterans like John McCain, saying, “I like people who weren’t captured.” His version of patriotism emphasizes appearance and applause rather than sacrifice or duty.
Economics: Trump sees himself as the champion of the “forgotten man,” the working-class hero fighting for American jobs. However, his companies have often outsourced jobs overseas, and his tax cuts have mainly benefited the wealthy and corporations.
plicity, and history has shown us time and again that silence in the face of tyranny only emboldens its grip. Our voices, united, are the most potent antidote to the erosion of liberty.
will publish letters, articles, and/or comic panels from any and all perspectives
chants of “Lock her up,” and asked Georgia election officials to “find” him some votes like they were lost car keys—and who is now overtly and explicitly directing the indictment of his political enemies and firing those who stand in the way of his overstepping (dare I say goose-stepping) directives. His stance as a “law and order” president is perhaps the most maddening hypocrisy. He calls for strict action against protestors and immigrants while undermining the rule of law when it benefits him. He demands his political opponents be jailed while excusing, pardoning, or downplaying the crimes of his allies. In Trump’s view, law is not a principle but a weapon—used against enemies and ignored when it’s inconvenient. His whining about government weaponization is like Al Capone complaining about tax fraud. It’s beyond hypocrisy—it’s projection with a spray tan.
Now, in the role of Chief Irony Officer, Trump loves to accuse Joe Biden of “weaponizing government” against his enemies. This is rich coming from the guy who tried to sic the DOJ on Hillary, led
BY ANDREW FELDER
(provided that the author is identified). Please send to: editor@thenetworkmagazine.org.
truth: hypocrisy, when shown boldly and persistently, can stop feeling like hypocrisy at all. It becomes part of the spectacle, drowned out by noise and chaos, until the contradictions no longer matter. That is Trump’s real skill—the ability to embody many hypocrisies and still convince millions that he alone speaks the truth.
REALLY?!?!?
The Treasury Department is developing a $1 coin featuring President Trump's image to celebrate the 250th anniversary of U.S. independence next year, although the design isn’t final.
Trump is less a politician and more a walking contradiction in a red tie. He’s the swamp-drainer who floods it, the law-and-order president who sidesteps laws and fosters chaos, the truth-teller who couldn’t pass a polygraph at a kindergarten show-andtell. His greatest achievement isn’t policy or leadership; it’s normalizing hypocrisy until it feels like just another Tuesday.
Trump’s hypocrisies are not minor slips or occasional inconsistencies; they form the core of his political identity. His skill, if you can call it that, lies in turning hypocrisy into a kind of performance art. While others are ruined by scandal, he thrives on it, doubling down until outrage turns into numb acceptance. Ultimately, the Trump era has revealed a harsh
Federal law prohibits the U.S. Treasury from issuing currency featuring the image of any living, former, or current president; however, there might be more flexibility with commemorative coins produced by the U.S. Mint. (Currency is made by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, while commemorative coins are produced by the U.S. Mint, which is part of the Treasury Department.)
Regulations also specify that there must be a two-year gap after the death of a former or current president before issuing currency featuring their likeness. Historically, the restriction aims to prevent the appearance of a monarchy. Under a 2021 law, the Treasury is authorized to issue $1 commemorative coins to celebrate the nation's 250th anniversary. n
THE EXCEPTIONS TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH
Freedom oF speech is broad, but the law balances it against other rights such as safety, reputation, and national security. In most democracies—especially in the U.S., where the First Amendment provides broad protection— freedom of speech is not absolute. Courts have recognized specific categories of speech that can be restricted without violating constitutional principles. Here are the main exceptions, with explanations:
INCITEMENT TO IMMINENT LAWLESS ACTION
[Key case: Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)] Speech that is intended and likely to incite immediate illegal acts, such as riots or violence, is not protected.
ACTUAL THREATS AND INTIMIDATION
[Key case: Virginia v. Black (2003)]
Statements that a reasonable person would interpret as a serious intention to cause harm are not protected.
FIGHTING WORDS
[Key case: Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942)] Direct, face-to-face insults that are likely
HOW OTHER DEMOCRACIES MANAGE LIMITS ON SPEECH
The U.S. has some of the strongest protections worldwide. Even hate speech is protected unless it falls into specific categories. The main idea is that it's better to address harmful speech with more speech rather than banning it.
In the United Kingdom, there is no single constitutional guarantee, but free expression is protected under the Human Rights Act (Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights). Hate speech is criminalized—laws ban speech that is threatening, abusive, or insulting and intended (or likely) to incite hatred based on race, religion, or sexual orientation. There are strict laws against defamation (historically plaintiff-friendly, though reforms have balanced this somewhat). [Example: People have been prosecuted for racist chants at football matches.]
to provoke an immediate violent response can be restricted.
OBSCENITY
[Key case: Miller v. California (1973)]
Material is obscene if it appeals to prurient interest (sexual in a degrading way), offensively depicts sexual conduct, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.
CHILD PORNOGRAPHY
[Key case: New York v. Ferber (1982)]
Completely unprotected— regardless of whether it’s obscene—due to the exploitation of minors.
DEFAMATION (LIBEL AND SLANDER)
[Key case: New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)]: False statements that harm someone’s reputation can be penalized. Public figures must demonstrate “actual malice"—knowing falsehood or reckless disregard for the truth.
COMMERCIAL SPEECH (FALSE OR MISLEADING ADS)
[Key case: Central Hudson v. Public Service Commission (1980)] Advertising is protected, but at a lower level.
In Canada, freedom of expression is protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Section 2(b)). However, “reasonable limits” (Section 1) permit restrictions if they can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society. It is illegal to publicly incite hatred or promote genocide against identifiable groups, and defamation laws also limit false harmful speech. [Example: Courts have upheld hate speech bans against Holocaust denial and extreme racist propaganda.]
In Germany, they are very protective of democracy and human dignity because of their Nazi past. Hate speech is restricted. (Holocaust denial, Nazi symbols, and incitement to racial hatred are criminal offenses.) Volksverhetzung (incitement to hatred) makes it illegal to attack the human dignity of minority groups. Free speech is guaranteed in the Basic Law (Grundgesetz) but limited to protect “personal honor” and public peace. [Example: Germany aggressively prosecutes Nazi propaganda online.]
In France, freedom of expression is protected by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789) and the Constitution. Hate speech, defamation, and speech denying crimes against humanity are illegal, and there are strong laws against racist, anti-Semitic, or homophobic speech. [Example: French come-
False or deceptive advertising can be restricted.
SPEECH INTEGRAL TO CRIMINAL CONDUCT
[Key case: Giboney v. Empire Storage (1949)]
Speech used to commit a crime (e.g., solicitation, conspiracy, fraud, blackmail) is not protected.
NATIONAL SECURITY / CLASSIFIED INFORMATION
[Key case: Near v. Minnesota (1931) (dicta on national security)]
The government may restrict disclosure of classified military secrets or speech that would cause direct, grave, and immediate harm to national security.
TIME, PLACE, AND MANNER RESTRICTIONS
These are not based on content but on context. Governments can regulate when, where, and how speech occurs if the restrictions are content-neutral and leave open alternative means of expression. (Example: Requiring a permit for a large protest march, or banning bullhorns at 3 AM).
dian Dieudonné has repeatedly been fined for anti-Semitic remarks.]
In summary, the U.S. protects almost all speech, including hate speech, unless it crosses into incitement or threats. Europe & Canada: Place more emphasis on protecting citizens from hate, discrimination, and harm to dignity, even if that means limiting speech. Theirs is more of a “balanced rights” model (free speech weighed against equality, dignity, and public order). Germany is the strictest, due to history, with criminal penalties for Holocaust denial and Nazi propaganda. n
TIM VINE
tim vine, best Known for his role on Not Going Out (an English sitcom that is a lighthearted yet very funny portrayal of wearied family life about the misadventures of a straight white man on the verge of middle age that aired on BBC
from 2006 to 2014), is a quick-witted comedy connoisseur who frequently appears on lists of best jokes that emerge following festivals around the world. (CAUTION: THIS IS VERY PUNNY!)
I’d like to start with the chimney jokes – I’ve got a stack of them. The first one is on the house.
I did a gig in a fertility clinic. I got a standing ovulation.
I had a dream last night that I was cutting carrots with the Grim Reaper – dicing with death.
I rang up British Telecom and said: ‘I want to report a nuisance caller.’ He said: ‘Not you again.’
The advantages of easy origami are two-fold.
I SAW THIS BLOKE CHATTING-UP A CHEETAH AND I THOUGHT: 'HE’S TRYING TO PULL A FAST ONE.'
I rang up my local swimming baths. I said: ‘Is that the local swimming baths?’ He said: ‘It depends where you’re calling from.’
I said to the gym instructor: ‘Can you teach me to do the splits?‘ He said: ‘How flexible are you?‘ I said: ‘I can‘t make Tuesdays.‘ You know, somebody actually complimented me on my driving today. They left a little note on the windscreen, it said ‘Parking Fine.’ So that was nice.
A malapropism (a/k/a a malaprop, acyrologia or Dogberryism) is the incorrect use of a word in place of a word with a similar sound, either unintentionally or for comedic effect, resulting in something nonsensical and often humorous. (For example, Yogi Berra once said, "He hits from both sides of the plate. He's amphibious.” Norm Crosby’s malaprops were intentional. J)
I’m against hunting. In fact, I’m a hunt saboteur. I go out the night before and shoot the fox.
This policeman came up to me with a pencil and a piece of very thin paper. He said, ‘I want you to trace someone for me.'
I’ve decided to sell my Hoover – it was just collecting dust.
I’ll tell you what I love doing more than anything – trying to pack myself in a small suitcase. I can hardly contain myself.
I’M SO LAZY I’VE GOT A SMOKE ALARM WITH A SNOOZE BUTTON.
I’ve spent the afternoon re-arranging the furniture in Dracula’s house. I was doing a bit of Fang-Shui.
I was stealing things in the supermarket today while balanced on the shoulders of vampires. I was charged with shoplifting on three counts.
I’ve just been on a once-in-alifetime holiday. I’ll tell you what, never again.
I saw this advert in a window that said: ‘Television for sale, £1, volume stuck on full.’ I thought, ‘I can’t turn that down.'
Uncle Ben has died. No more Mr Rice Guy.
Conjunctivitis.com – that’s a site for sore eyes.
Do you ever get that when you’re half way through eating a horse and you think to yourself, ‘I’m not as hungry as I thought I was?'
I was reading a book – ‘The History of Glue’ – I couldn’t put it down.
I got home, and the phone was ringing. I picked it up, and said ‘Who’s speaking, please?’ And a voice said, ‘You are.’
Exit signs? They’re on the way out!
I went to buy a watch, and the man in the shop said ‘Analogue?’ I said ‘No, just a watch.’
I went to the doctor. I said to him ‘I‘m frightened of lapels.‘ He said, ‘You‘ve got cholera.‘
I met the bloke who invented crosswords today. I can’t remember his name, it’s P-something T-something R…
I was in the army once and the Sergeant said to me: ‘What does surrender mean?’ I said: ‘I give up!’
This bloke said to me: ‘I’m going to attack you with the neck of a guitar.’ I said: ‘Is that a fret? ’
I used to go out with an anesthetist – she was a local girl.
Crime in multi-story car parks. That is wrong on so many different levels.
I went into a shop and I said, ‘Can someone sell me a kettle?’ The bloke said ‘Kenwood?’ I said, ‘Where is he? ’
I bought some Armageddon cheese today, and it said on the packet ‘Best Before End...’
I went into a pet shop. I said, ‘Can I buy a goldfish?’ The guy said, ‘Do you want an aquarium?’ I said, ‘I don’t care what star sign it is.'
You know, I’m not very good at magic – I can only do half of a trick. I’m a member of the Magic Semi-circle.
So this bloke says to me, ‘Can I come in your house and talk about your carpets?‘ I thought ‘That‘s all I need, a Je-hoover‘s witness.‘
MY NEXT-DOOR NEIGHBOR WORSHIPS EXHAUST PIPES. HE’S A CATHOLIC CONVERTER.
PAUL BAILEY, CC BY-SA 3.0 , VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
If you can be anything you want, an asshole seems like an odd choice.
WHAT HAPPENS TO A SELF-STORAGE UNIT WHEN THE TENANT DIES?
when A loved one passes away, families often face a long list of unexpected responsibilities. Along with funeral arrangements and settling financial matters, there might be a self-storage unit in someone’s name, holding furniture, memorabilia, important documents, or even items no one realized existed. These units can feel like a time capsule, preserving parts of a person’s life. However, they also bring logistical, legal, and emotional challenges for those left behind.
WHO HAS THE RIGHT TO ACCESS?
Self-storage leases are written as private rental agreements, which means only the named renter is legally allowed to access the unit. When that person dies, family members cannot simply walk in and open the door. Instead, control of the unit usually falls under the estate process. If the deceased left a will, the executor named in that document takes responsibility. If there is no will, a court may appoint an administrator to handle the estate.
For storage operators, this is not a matter of choice but a legal requirement. Facilities must ensure the rights of the renter are protected, even after death, by requiring proof that the individual claiming access is authorized to act on behalf of the estate. This usually involves providing a death certificate along with legal documents that grant authority, such as letters testamentary or other court-issued paperwork. Without these, operators cannot grant access, regardless of how close the relative may be.
“At Stuf Storage, we’re often only made aware that a renter has passed away when a family member or loved one reaches out to inform us,” says David Thompson of Stuf Storage, explaining the process from the operator’s perspective. “When this happens, we require a copy of the death certificate along with documentation confirming that the person handling the account, typically an executor or someone with power of attorney, is legally authorized to do so. From there, we work closely with them to make the process as smooth and respectful as possible.”
HOW FACILITIES SUPPORT FAMILIES.
Once the proper documents are provided, storage facilities generally work with families to grant access and settle the account. This is often an emotional moment, as family members may find themselves sorting through photo albums, personal letters, or items that hold deep sentimental value.
Modern storage companies have adopted practices that make this challenging step a bit easier. “Thanks to our digital
BY MARIA GATEA
key access, we can grant secure entry to authorized individuals, allowing them to access their loved one’s unit with privacy and ease,” further explained Thompson.
WHAT HAPPENS IF NO ONE CLAIMS THE UNIT?
Not all storage units are quickly claimed after a renter dies. In some cases, heirs may be unaware that the unit exists. In others, disputes within a family may delay resolution. Occasionally, there may be no one available or willing to take responsibility for the contents. When accounts go unpaid for a specific period, facilities must eventually follow state lien laws and treat the unit like any other delinquent account. That may mean eviction or auctioning the contents.
“In unfortunate cases where no one comes forward, unpaid accounts are eventually treated as standard evictions. However, unlike many traditional operators, we’ve partnered with sustainable providers like LoadUp to ensure that any abandoned or unclaimed items are handled responsibly — often donated rather than dumped — helping reduce waste and support our local communities sustainably,” said Thompson.
THE FINANCIAL AND EMOTIONAL WEIGHT
There are also financial realities to consider. Rent on a storage unit does not automatically stop when the renter dies. Charges continue until the account is officially closed, and late fees can add up quickly. The responsibility for these costs usually falls to the estate, which may pressure families to settle the matter promptly. When funds are limited, families may face tough decisions about whether to keep the unit, clear it out, or let it go to collections.
While much of this process depends on the survivors, renters can also take steps to lighten the load. Including storage units in estate planning documents, noting their contents, and providing account information to an executor can help prevent confusion and make things much easier for the family, both financially and emotionally. n
Maria
LINK : MARKETPLACE, BIDDER’S LIST & DIRECTORY
Wooster Products Inc.
Anti-slip safety stair treads & walkway products
DIVERSI NS
They’re cute and look harmless, but they’re loud, costly to keep, and untrainable. The other one is a kangaroo. I don’t know anything about kangaroos.
PSYCHOTHERAPIST
DIVERSI NS
Look what happens when you cut down too many trees
THE BACK PAGE
ANSWERS FROM THE SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER CONTEST: SONGS WITH CITIES OR STATES IN THE TITLE
1. "Empire State of Mind" – Jay-Z with Alicia Keys (New York) / 2. "Viva Las Vegas" – Elvis Presley (Las Vegas) / 3. "Georgia on My Mind" – Ray Charles (Georgia) / 4. "California Gurls" – Katy Perry with Snoop Dogg (California) / 5. "Hotel California" – Eagles (California) / 6. "Sweet Home Alabama" –Lynyrd Skynyrd (Alabama) / 7. "Midnight Train to Georgia" – Gladys Knight & the Pips (Georgia) / 8. "I Love L.A." – Randy Newman (Los Angeles) / 9. "Nashville Skyline Rag" –Bob Dylan (Nashville) / 10. "Going to California" – Led Zeppelin (California) / 11. "New York, New York" – Frank Sinatra (New York) / 12. "No Sleep Till Brooklyn" –Beastie Boys (Brooklyn) / 13. "Philadelphia Freedom" –Elton John (Philadelphia) / 14. "Jackson" – Johnny Cash & June Carter (Jackson, Tennessee or Mississippi) / 15. "Take Me Home, Country Roads" – John Denver (West Virginia) / 16. "Detroit Rock City" – KISS (Detroit) / 17. "Albuquerque" – "Weird Al" Yankovic (Albuquerque) / 18. "Do You Know the Way to San Jose" – Dionne Warwick (San Jose) / 19. "Kansas City" – Wilbert Harrison (Kansas City) / 20. "Hollywood Nights" – Bob Seger (Hollywood)
C NTEST: FILL IN THE LYRICS
Welcome to Fill in the Lyrics — the game where your memory meets the music! We’ve taken 50 famous songs from the past five decades and left one key word missing. Your challenge is to fill in the blank with the correct lyric, using the provided word bank. Think you know your classics and chart-toppers? Let’s find out!
you’re a _______________, come on show ‘em what you’re worth.
. Wonderwall, you’re gonna be the one that saves _______ .
. Shake your _____________thing, show us what you got.
. Because I’m _______________, clap along if you feel...
Uptown _______________, funk you up.
I still haven’t found what I’m looking _______________
...BECAUSE SOMETIMES IT'S WHAT YOU KNOW
We Speak Real Estate
The Arsenal Companies are a diversified consulting, educational and publishing group, dedicated to service in the real estate industry. With national reach, regional strength and local sensibilities, we serve and service large and small companies as well as governmental entities in acquisitions, dispositions, leasing, licensing, contracting, procurement, insurance certificate tracking, educational program development, mediation services and collections.
Our Contracts and Procurement Services Division provides solutions and services that help real estate owners and companies effectively manage their contractual needs and commitments. We provide industry knowledge and we practice deal facilitation rather than obstruction. Whether you are a property, facility or asset manager, your functions are integrally related to real estate contracts. Quality management is all about contracts.
Leases are highly specialized documents. A few words can make a world of difference. Anyone with experience.
Leasing
Acquisitions, dispositions, renewals, surrenders, amendments, abstracting, administration, interpretation –our professionals are experienced in residential, commercial, industrial, professional and retail leasing issues of all kinds.
Don’t assume that problems won’t occur. Plan what you can do to avoid them. A small reduction in costs can be the equivalent of a substantial increase in value. We suggest ‘refinements’ to improve language and reduce direct and indirect costs. Our attorneys have successfully resolved leasing issues for both small and Fortune 100 corporations –effectuating $millions in savings.
Are the contracts for services and supplies which your organization uses prepared for your organization –or are they the vendor’s or contractor’s agreement forms? Wouldn’t you be better off if those agreements and purchase orders were revisited from your perspective? Isn’t it time you fortified your real estate related contracts?
Contract Negotiation and Drafting Services
Do you have contract issues that call out for review, interpretation and the advice of a specialist? Do you have a service contract which is about to expire and will need to be renewed or replaced? Do you have oversight of a real estate or facilities function which has been given savings targets? Have you considered ‘outsourcing’ this part of your real estate function but fear a loss of control?
We analyze the details of your proposed service contracts before they begin - while you still have leverage. Or, we can review your existing service contracts, help reveal cost efficiencies and/or savings opportunities. We look for pragmatic solutions that are sensitive to your business interests, anticipating issues that may arise, and we assist in minimizing those risks that cannot be avoided.
