Issue 25

THE UOB

LINGUIST

MAGAZINE JAN 2018 ISSUE 25

p.6

WINNER OF OUR WINTER PHOTO COMPETITION 2018

January 2018 Issue 25

EDITOR’S NOTE by Mary McGowan

FEATURED ARTICLE BARCELONA AT CHRISTMAS

by Jessie Read - Page 12

THE LINGUIST TEAM 2017/18 CHAIR: MARY MCGOWAN

CURRENT AFFAIRS: TOM

SECRETARY: SARAH

SHACKLOCK

DANIELS

TRAVEL + CHINESE:

TREASURER: BORIS GENOV

HANNAH MEI GRISLEY

CREATIVE DESIGNER: ZOE

CULTURE: MATTHEW

LUMSDEN

BRUCE

PUBLICITY OFFICER +

FOOD & DRINK: LIBBY

PORTUGUESE: VALENTINA

BARRETT

K SOMERS KOHLI

FRENCH + SPANISH: EMILY

SOCIAL SECRETARY +

DARBY

UKRANIAN: YELYZAVETA

GERMAN: JENNY NICHOLLS

LIZZIE KOZII

RUSSIAN: CHARLOTTE

PROOF READER: REBEKAH

SIMPSON

QUIXANO HENRIQUES

ITALIAN: CLAUDIA

PROOF READER + LIFE &

GHILARDI

STYLE: KSENIYA

CATALAN: STEWART

SHRIMPTON

TUNSTALL ARABIC: HECHAM MUHRA

Cover photo: Winter Markets in Vienna - Lizzy Delva Winner of our Winter Photo Competition 2018 Featured photo: Red Square in Moscow - Imogen Burgoyne

Happy New Year from the UoB Linguist Magazine! To start 2018 off in a true international fashion, here’s a few interesting New Year traditions from around the globe: Spain: As the bell tolls midnight on New Year’s Eve, Spaniards traditionally eat twelve grapes, one for each chime of the bell, to bring luck to every month of the year.

The custom is thought to have originated in 1909 when a bout of good weather boosted a crop of white grapes, so vineyard owners promoted the idea to sell their stock.

Japan: Buddhist teaching states that there are 108 earthly temptations which must be overcome in order to achieve nirvana, a state of peace and happiness. For this reason, 108 bells are rung in Japan on New Year’s Eve to symbolise the end of the old year and the welcoming in of the new.

Finland: During the Finnish New Year’s Eve, families take part in a unique tradition called molybdomancy, or tin casting, to predict events that will take place in the coming year. Tin horseshoes are collected together and melted down and

the liquid metal is then poured into cold water, so it sets quickly into an irregular shape.

The form and texture of the resulting cast are said to reveal your fortune.

Latin America: Do you remember what colour pants you were wearing on New Year’s Eve? In a few countries across Latin America, the colour you chose would reveal what you were hoping for in the coming year. Red pants are worn if you’re looking for love, yellow means that you’re hoping to get rich and green symbolises good health.

However you celebrated New Year’s Eve this year, we hope you had a lovely holiday and a prosperous start to 2018!

There’s plenty of festive content in this edition of The UoB Linguist, from Charlotte’s list of Christmassy vocab in Russian to Jessie’s recommendations about what to do in Barcelona over the holidays. We’ve got our second travelthemed crossword for you to try on page 17 and our featured language section for this issue is Flemish; give it a go if you’re a German speaker, you might be pleasantly surprised as to how much you understand!

Happy reading from The UoB Linguist Magazine team!

IN THIS ISSUE PAGE 3: CURRENT AFFAIRS PAGE 4: CULTURE PAGES 5 & 6: TRAVEL PAGE 7: LIFE & STYLE PAGE 8: FOOD & DRINK PAGES 9 & 10: GERMAN PAGE 11: SPANISH PAGE 12: CATALAN PAGE 13: FRENCH PAGES 14 & 15: PORTUGUESE PAGE 16: ITALIAN PAGE 17: CHINESE & RUSSIAN PAGE 18: UKRAINIAN PAGE 19: FEATURED LANGUAGE - FLEMISH

CONTACT US If you would like to know more about our magazine, our writers or have comments to make about our articles then feel free to check out our Facebook and Twitter pages or email us. If you wish to read more articles check out our website. We’re always looking for new writers and contributors, so don’t hesitate to get in touch!

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RAKHINE STATE: THE POLITICALLY SILENCED HUMANITARIAN CRISIS By Tom Shacklock Rakhine State, a region in western Myanmar (formerly Burma), is facing a serious humanitarian crisis. The Rohingya, a Muslim ethnic minority in the region denied citizenship by Myanmar’s government, have been the victims of what has been deemed as ethnic cleansing and genocide by the international community. Tensions between the Rohingya and the Buddhist and Hindu majority are deep-rooted in this region, though it has been since autumn 2016 that the persecutions have escalated. This was provoked by the attack of insurgents from the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) in October 2016 on Myanmar’s army, aggravated itself by the general ongoing persecution. In response to these attacks, Muslim civilians of Rakhine State have become targets for rape, massacre, and burnt homes and villages. Their daily horrors have led them to flee to neighbouring Bangladesh in an unprecedented migration crisis. This already-escalating crisis became more severe on 25th August 2017, when an exodus of an estimated ½ million Rohingya fleeing to Bangladesh began.

Can we still give Suu Kyi a chance?

Democratisation has not actually been fully established in Myanmar. The National League for Democracy still share power with the military, which is accused as the cause of oppression towards the Rohingya. While many criticise Suu Kyi of completely neglecting the Muslim minority, others simply criticise her for being too weak to stand up against the military. In this light, the international community is perhaps being overly harsh on her. However, she appeared to demonstrate anti-Muslim sentiment when challenged by BBC’s Mishel Husain in 2016. She was caught saying, “Nobody told me I was going to be interviewed by a Muslim.” Overall, the Myanmar government has, overall, been opaque in expressing its attitudes towards the Rohingya, and with information on events in Rakhine State, creating feelings of uncertainty around their handling of the crisis.

Where’s the government in all this?

Aung San Suu Kyi, de facto leader of Myanmar, became 1st State Counsellor of Myanmar in April 2016, in the government led by National League for Democracy. The constitution prevented her becoming President because her children have British citizenship, but, in practice, she exerts as much power as the official President Htin Kyaw. Suu Kyi’s political success follows 21 years of house arrest under the military dictatorship, during which her determination led to the democratisation of Myanmar in 2010. She captured the support and sympathy of the international community for winning the Nobel Dangerous territory Peace Prize in 1990, and losing her husband to cancer in Britain in 1997 while the couple had been isolated It seems that, while world leaders voice their from one another. When she assumed power in 2016, concerns across the globe, they become more timid hopes were high for her to bring real change to when visiting Myanmar. Before his visit in Myanmar. The Burmese people could now enjoy September, UK Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson was democracy after decades of oppression. Yet, criticised for not calling for Suu Kyi to end the ethnic oppression has not been alleviated for the Rohingya cleansing without complimenting her as an minority in Rakhine State, and Suu Kyi has frequently ‘inspiring’ figure. During his visit, he attracted more denied accusations of ethnic cleansing due to some attention for reading an insensitive Kipling poem attacks towards Buddhist civilians. The world now than for discussing persecutions in Rakhine State. looks down on her with sheer disappointment.

Pope Francis has also, during his visit in November, failed to use the term ‘Rohingya’ in a speech on refugees from Rakhine State. This crisis is proving to be very sensitive and difficult for political figures, and Myanmar’s military will continue to exploit that.

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THE CHINESE MOON CULTURE The traditional Chinese calendar is called the lunar calendar, a calendar system with an accurate length of months and an approximate length in terms of years. This fact alone highlights the importance of the moon in Chinese culture.

Normally, there are 12 months in a lunar year. In Ancient China, among the 12 days of the year with a full moon there were four festivals, and two of them are still very popular today: the Lantern Festival ( ); and the Mid-Autumn Festival ( ).

The Lantern Festival takes place in the first lunar month of the year, and the Mid-Autumn Festival takes place in the eighth. Both festivals have the symbolic meaning of the day of reunion. The origin of this is that Chinese people consider shapes of the moon as representations of separation and reunion. As the famous poet Su Shi ( ) wrote, “Humans have sadness and happiness, and separation and reunion; whilst the moon can be either cloud-covered or shiny, either round or waning.” ( )

By Tom Liao Nevertheless, the wish of a reunion is not always easily realized. We always have someone we miss in our lives.

That is the reason why we celebrate these festivals although you are not always able to be reunited with the people you miss, you know that someone, somewhere else in the world, is also admiring the moon and thinking of the days spent together with you. As the poet Zhang Jiuling ( ) wrote, “The glorious moon rises above the horizon, over the sea, and people all over the world are sharing this moment.” ( ) As mentioned above, the full moon and its round shape are related to the idea of reunion in Chinese culture. In the full-moon-related festivals, we eat special foods with round shapes: a typical dinner during the Lantern Festival is Sweet Dumplings ( ); and a popular dessert during the Mid-Autumn Festival is Mooncakes ( ).

The moon is also a representation of eternity in Chinese culture. As the poet Li Bai ( ) wrote, “Ancient people and modern people change like running water, but all of them look up to the changeless moon.” ( ) Whether the moon is changeless or not, it is the eternal representation of homesickness for Chinese people.

Jens Schott Knudsen (Creative Commons Licence) https://asianinspirations.com.au/asian-culture

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HOW NOT TO BE A TOURIST IN RUSSIA

By Imogen Burgoyne

The ultimate goal of any traveller is to blend in with the Being a guest locals. Here are my top tips detailing how to become a Russians are incredibly welcoming and house-proud true Muscovite: people, and as a guest there is a clear set of The Metro guidelines which should be respected; shaking hands across a threshold is believed (according to Russian The Moscow metro system, as one of the busiest in the folklore) to bring bad luck, so should be avoided. The world, is hugely efficient with trains on the main circle very first thing you should do on arrival is take off line arriving every 40 seconds. As a Brit abroad, you will your outdoor shoes and put on ‘тапочки’ (tapochki need to brace yourself for some very uncharacteristic house slippers, which hosts will provide for you), shoving – getting on and off the metro is like an Olympic before heading directly to wash your hands. sport here, and don’t be surprised by more jostling for position inside the carriage as everyone competes to As a guest you must always arrive with a gift, whether stand with their nose pressed against the carriage doors that be a bouquet of flowers or confectionary item. so they can be the first to leap off at the next stop. All Your host will undoubtedly try to fatten you up (they this shoving and overwhelming heat can lead to a rather often fear us Brits won’t survive the winter), so arrive warm climate on the train, however, to be a true Russian, expecting traditional dishes such as ‘herring under a you must stoically continue wearing all your winter fur coat’ or popular and renowned ‘Krasny Oktyabr’ clothing. The ‘Troika’ card (similar to the London confectionary items which are produced here in ‘Oyster’ card) has just been launched in the form of both Moscow. rings and bracelets to make commuting quicker (and In restaurants more…stylish?!), although we are yet to see whether either accessory takes off.

There are a few key things to expect in a Russian restaurant: firstly, keep an eye out for coatracks in restaurants, as it is second nature for Muscovites to hang up their bulky winter coats and scarves when entering a building. Restaurant service tends to be slow, and don’t be surprised if your party’s dishes all arrive at different times. In contrast, be aware that the second the final mouthful of food is on your fork your plate will likely be whipped away by the nearest passing waiter, no matter whether or not the rest of your table has finished eating.

Restaurants also provide a good insight into Russian mannerisms; Russians are a direct people, and the linguistic root to this apparent bluntness lies in the fact that Russian constructions contain far fewer niceties than English. Furthermore, being in Moscow really reinforces the fact that the British are by nature a hugely polite people, so you will probably be met by strange looks if you overuse your ‘sorry’ and ‘thank you’-s. Similarly, the best way to get the attention of your waiter or waitress (or generally that of anyone on the street) is to call out, ‘девушка’ or 'молодой человек' which is simply translated as ‘girl’ or ‘young man’. Whilst such bluntness goes against our British mindset, simple constructions like ‘give me’ are used universally and in a manner that is 6 by no means rude here in Russia.

Russia, the subject of so many inaccurate stereotypes, has an incredibly rich cultural and historical background, which means that the so-called “Russian soul” is best understood from the inside.

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LOVE, SEX AND RELATIONSHIPS IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA

By Olivia Halsall

Curious about the ways in which love, sex and relationships manifest themselves in contemporary Chinese society, I met with a Chinese friend, J, to discuss boys, relationships, and sex. More specifically, we discussed J’s reasons for hiding her three year relationship with her boyfriend from her parents, and gender roles in modern Chinese relationships.

For example, a group of (a term for leftover women i.e. those that have reached late 20s without having married) fought against parental and societal expectations in their “Marriage Market Takeover” video and couples are now embracing , (naked marriages) which exclude the emphasis on materialistic wealth.

J told me how people would not normally say (sex), but instead would subtly clap three times, refer to it as the (pronounced papapa) or as doing the (roll around in bed sheets). J started dating one of her close friends in secret at age 18. Three years on, and whilst the relationship is no longer secret among friends, J is yet to tell her parents. One of the necessities in keeping the relationship undisclosed is because dating in Chinese secondary schools is often frowned upon and in some cases forbidden. In 2011, a school in Sichuan imposed a rule stating that students found within “20 inches of each other would be told off by teachers in the first instance and then given a formal punishment”. Whilst many parents express concern for their child’s love life, they also believe that relationships interfere with one’s studies, so only after graduation should one find a partner, get married and have children.

J told me her boyfriend and her are equals in their relationship, but he displays (chauvinistic) behaviour, considering his role as a boyfriend to protect and support her. Traditional expectations of Chinese women include “passive and inactive” behaviour, “maintaining one’s virginity” and “not to ask too much for sex and consider men’s satisfaction as one’s own”. J said that men who hold onto these expectations are said to have (straight man cancer) and are fiercely criticised by many Chinese youths who strive for gender equality in relationships.

A Chinese saying goes (I’d rather cry in a BMW, than laugh on a bicycle). This was coined in 2010, when 20-year old Ma Nuo, a contestant on TV dating show (If You Are The One), rejected a potential suitor after he suggested they go on a romantic bike ride, to which she replied she would prefer someone with a BMW. Despite social media criticism of modern Chinese dating values, this phrase represents the motivation and mentality of some Chinese seeking a partner. Without previous experience, based on parental advice and societal pressure, some Chinese are selecting life partners based on their material wealth, as this guarantees financial security and a certain lifestyle.

J explained that in China, a marriage between two people is more like a marriage between two families, with less emphasis on individual happiness and satisfaction, and more emphasis on the needs and requirements of the family as a whole. However, Chinese youths are increasingly shunning conventional expectations and choosing happiness over materialistic wealth.

However, despite their shyness in talking about sex, Chinese youths are having sex at an earlier age than before. A study by Peking University showed “the average age for first time sex in China was 22.2 years for those born after 1980, dropping to 17.7 years for those born after 1995”. Furthermore, TV shows such as · , China’s own “Sex and the City”, are tackling expectations of virginity and sexism head on. Like many other countries around the world , China has a long way to go before longstanding Confucian values are squashed and gender equality can be achieved. Perhaps what we are beginning to see is the start of a “Chinese sexual revolution”; China is slowly starting to become a society that is comfortable talking about love, sex, and relationships.

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TOP PICKS: SOUTH KOREAN SKINCARE

By Kseniya Shrimpton

With winter finally upon us, it is now more important than 3) ever to pamper our skin and replenish the nutrients lost in these chilly months. While there are plenty of Western brands out there ready to scrub, cleanse, and moisturise, I’m here to offer a different perspective and introduce you (boys and girls alike!) to something you may not have considered before.

Jeju Volcanic Pore Clay Mask by Innisfree Another Innisfree product infused with volcanic ash, this clay mask is a little more time-consuming but delivers great results. A good alternative if you’re bored of sheet masks, this clay formula dries within fifteen minutes of application and washes off instantly to reveal soft skin free of deeplyimbedded impurities. The bottle may appear small, but once again, a little goes a long way, and the clay can literally last for years.

It’s not an exaggeration to say South Koreans are at the forefront when it comes to skincare, as the West owes to them many products like the familiar BB cream and cushion foundation. While we tend to layer foundation 4) and powder until not a blemish remains, our Eastern skincare gurus instead focus on how to achieve that healthy glow from within, by taking care of the skin, rather than smothering it in layers chemical products.

Achieving that natural glow is no easy task - often a full Korean skincare regime will include eight or ten steps, thus involving eight or ten products, an expensive and time-consuming process. But that’s not to say that Korean products don't work well individually, and I'm here to introduce to you my top five picks for products which deliver great results even on their own, often 5) requiring only two or three minutes of your time.

You can be assured I have tried and tested al of these products which can be purchased through Amazon or Yesstyle.com for affordable prices!

1) Jeju Volcanic Pore Cleansing Foam by Innisfree I’m a big fan of Innisfree products as they pride themselves on using active natural ingredients to revive and energise your skin, volcanic clusters from Jeju Island in this case. This cleansing foam claims to purify pores and cleanse dull-looking skin, and it certainly fulfils its promises. A little goes a long way and your skin is left squeaky clean with just one use; as with all cleansing products, I would recommend following with a light moisturiser.

Wine Jelly Sleeping Pack by Innisfree My favourite Innisfree product. This sleeping pack (basically a jelly-like substance) is from the wineinfused range, to be applied before sleep and washed off in the morning. This product is great for hydration and requires the least maintenance, as it works during the convenient night hours and need not interrupt your day- time schedule. The jelly dries in under a minute, and a pleasant red-wine aroma is another bonus. Skin pampering in a bottle!

Black Sugar Essential Scrub by Skinfood If you’re looking for an intense power scrub, you’ve found the one. A best-seller in South Korea, this Skinfood scrub is infused with black sugar extract, smells heavenly, and offers fantastic value for money. Forget microbead scrubs which harm the environment, this sugary formula melts in your natural body heat and digs satisfyingly deep, removing impurities and lifting off dead layers of skin. Use once a week for a rejuvenating facial treat.

Right - Black Sugar Essential Scrub

2) Low pH Good Morning Gel Cleanser by COSRX (for oily skin!)

I’ve included this cleanser alongside the Innisfree Cleansing Foam because this a product particularly suited to oily skin. Intended to be used in the morning to lift off dead cells and excess oils without the ‘stripping feeling’, it’s a gentle cleanser which aims to maintain our skin’s optimal pH levels. Start your day by doing something good for your skin!

Left - Jeju Volcanic Pore Cleansing Foam

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BIRMINGHAM AND THE BLACK COUNTRY: A HOTBED OF BRITISH CAFÉ CULTURE

By Chris Burden

When it comes to picking a place to study, students instinctively think of the Library. Fortunately for them, the Birmingham and Black Country area is currently undergoing a caffeinated renaissance, and is now home to a whole host of fantastic, cosy cafés which provide the perfect environment to work and enjoy delicious local food.

Zuri Coffee – Lichfield Street, Wolverhampton

These cafés provide a fantastic alternative to campus life and the chance to explore the local region; here, it’s possible to experience both affordable culinary delights and great places to study.

Urban Coffee Company – Church Street and Big Peg, Birmingham Housed in a hollowed out Victorian building, Urban Church Street is a must-visit café just outside of the City Centre. Hidden behind the Parisian grandeur of Colmore Row, this relaxed coffee shop serves up all the regular espresso based drinks, as well as a vast range of filter coffees, sandwiches and hot food.

Branch out a bit more and visit the Jewellery Quarter. The Big Peg is a striking testament to modernism. On the ground floor Urban serve up their full menu which caters to all requirements in their style. Those in possession of an Independent Birmingham card can also enjoy a hot drink of their choice, plus a slice of their amazing cake for less than five pounds. Bargain!

Urban Coffee Company - Church St & Big Peg

A short train, tram or bus ride from Birmingham and you will find yourself in another of the West Midlands’ cities. Full of grand industrial and Georgian buildings, Wolverhampton has no shortage of cafés to indulge in. Among these, Zuri Coffee is one of the best. It boasts an impressive five star Trip Advisor rating which is well deserved.

Somewhat more bizarrely, it also features AstroTurf as a table decoration (but we won’t speak about that).

‘Desi Pubs’ are a Black Country speciality are popping up all over the region. Zurich sets the tone for a new ‘Desi Café’ with their amazing coffee accompanied with incredible Indian treats.

Vegans and vegetarians will also be spoilt for choice. The café is situated just a few minutes’ walk from Wolverhampton Interchange and Wolverhampton St George’s.

Whilst here, it is also possible to visit the Art Gallery which houses a world class Pop Art collection, as well as the National Cold War Exhibition. When it comes to procrastination, it’s always worth making a day of it!

Edwardian Tea Rooms – Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (BMAG), Centenary Square The perfect place to do some work, catch up with friends, or bring your parents to when they visit; the Edwardian Tea Rooms offer something for everyone. A coffee or a full three course meal can be enjoyed within the magnificent surrounds of this listed building in the heart of the city centre. I would personally recommend their full afternoon tea which cannot be matched for its price. Snuggle into a leather Chesterfield, tea in hand, and reminisce about times gone by hundreds of years before you were born. This is another great spot which accepts the Independent Birmingham Card, offering the chance to receive ten percent discounts. So, for all those sitting on the fence about having that extra scone, go for it!

These places are just a few of many fantastic cafés making up the city’s local café scene. World class restaurants and fantastic dineries are opening in an endless stream across the region, so jump out of your comfort zone, and dive in.

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DREI WOCHEN BEI EINER GASTFAMILIE By Lucy Hollingsworth „Schlimmstenfalls wird es auf deinem Lebenslauf toll Als ich mich allein um ihn kümmerte, wurde er von aussehen!“ war die Antwort meiner Freunde als ich einer Wespe gestochen und mindestens dreimal ihnen von meinen Sommerplänen erzählte. Während musste ich ihn in meinen Armen zurück nach Hause letzten Juni alle entspannt Urlaub in Kroatien machten, tragen, weil er vom Fahrrad gefallen war. Ich habe zwei blutbefleckte Hemden, um es zu beweisen. flog ich nach Deutschland, wo ich drei Wochen mit einer unbekannten Familie auf ihrem kleinen Was ich besonders interessant fand ist die Dynamik Bauernhof verbrachte. Umgegeben von Wäldern, zwischen den Familienmitgliedern. Besonders da sie Tälern und nicht viel anderem lag "Wolpertshausen" - Themen wie "Kommunikation und Verständnis" auf eine kleine Stadt in der Nähe von Schwäbisch Hall, ihrem Profil betonte und da die zwei Jungs adoptiert waren. In der zweiten Woche wurde mir das Thema Baden-Württemberg.

"Verständnis" vorgestellt als die 13-Jährige Schwester Die Erfahrung wurde durch "Workaway.com" bei der Festtafel ihren Bruder ein "doofes elternloses ermöglicht. Das Vorhaben lautete, dass man einer Kind" nannte. Daher habe ich entschieden, dass im Familie mit ein wenig im Haus oder Garten hilft und im Vergleich dazu meine eigene kleine Schwester Gegenzug eine kostenlose Unterkunft und Essen eigentlich ziemlich nett ist. In Bezug auf die bekommt. In diesem Fall jätete ich jeden Morgen von "Kommunikation" entdeckte ich schnell, dass die 10Uhr bis 14Uhr bei 30°C Hitze das Unkraut – ich bin bevorzugte Methode das Schreien war, weshalb ich sicher, dass ich dort alle meiner Sünden ausgeschwitzt mich eigentlich sehr gut eignete, weil es mich an meine habe. Außerdem musste ich auch die Scheune putzen, eigene Familie erinnerte. Als ich der jüngeren den Rasen mähen und die Terrasse fegen. Schwester vorgestellt wurde, schrie sie ihre Mutter an, Nachmittags ging ich mit den Kindern und dem Hund dass es nicht ihre Schuld sei, wenn ihr kleiner Bruder in den Wäldern spazieren oder wir gingen ins Freibad. seine Geige auf dem Bus vergaß.

Allerdings war die Arbeit langweilig, sodass es mich In meiner Freizeit besuchte ich das wunderschöne sehr freute, dass es so viele Tiere gab. Das brachte Schwäbisch Hall, las Bücher in der Hängematte oder Leben in die Bude. Es gab einen Hund, vier Katzen, übte abends am Klavier. Ich hatte diese Familie unter neun Hühner, einen Hahn, viele Kühe und zwei anderem auch gewählt, weil sie musikalisch waren und Kaninchen. Die Hühner mochte ich am liebsten, da sie, manchmal sangen wir zusammen. Das schönste war wenn ich gartelte, kamen um bei mir die Würmer zu am Ende meines Aufenthalts, als die Mädchen mit mir picken. Einen Abend hat die Mutter mich gebeten die ein Lied sangen, um auf Wiedersehen zu sagen. Alles in Hühner ins Bett zu bringen. Das war ein allem gab es Höhen und Tiefen, aber sie waren unvergesslicher Anblick: ich zog ein Paar Clogs an und warmherzige Menschen und mein Deutsch hat sich für fünfzehn Minuten lief ich hin und her mit einer ohne Frage verbessert. Außerdem sieht es auch auf drohenden Forke im Hand. Deutlich wurde, dass ich meinem Lebenslauf toll aus. noch viel zu lernen hatte.

Nach ein paar Tagen ist es klargeworden, dass die "happy and bubbly" Familie nicht genau wie angekündigt war. "Bubbly" war eine Untertreibung: Schon als ich angekommen bin, wurde mir flüchtig erzählt, dass der jüngste der vier Kinder eine kurze Phase der Brandstiftung durchlebt hatte. Da sie in einer Scheune aus Holz wohnten, wollte ich ihm ein anderes Hobby empfehlen. Aber mit diesem Jungen hatte ich nicht viel Glück.

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Ein Huhn meiner Gastfamilie

ATOMAUSSTIEG IN DEUTSCHLAND: GESCHICHTE, DEBATTE UND ENERGIEWENDE Am 29. Mai 2011 wurde durch die deutsche Regierung angekündigt, dass bis 2022 alle übrigen Kernkraftwerke abgeschaltet werden sollen. Das war der Anfang vom Ende für die deutsche Atomenergie. Dennoch müssen wir abwarten, um zu sehen, ob Atomaussteig sich als erfolgreich erweist.

Geschichte - Atomkraft ist in Deutschland erstmals 1969 zum Vorschein gekommen und heute werden immer noch 17 Prozent der Energieerzeugung Deutschlands durch Atomkraft erreicht.

Anfangs wurde die Nutzung der Energiequelle bundesweit noch akzeptiert. Die Werke haben viele Jobs geschaffen und Atomenergie wurde als eine sichere, zuverlässige und umweltfreundliche Art der Stromerzeugung angesehen. Jedoch wurden in den 70er Jahren auch immer mehr Anti-Atomkraft Gruppen gegründet. Sie behaupteten, dass die Umwelt in Gefahr wäre, wenn radioaktive Abfälle falsch beseitigt werden würden und man dem Risiko von radioaktiver Strahlung ausgesetzt sei, wenn man in der Nähe eines Kernkraftwerks wohnen würde. Die Katastrophe von Tschernobyl im Jahr 1986 bewies, dass Kernkraft und Gefahr quasi Hand in Hand gehen und die Ereignisse von Tschernobyl überzeugten viele Länder, keine neuen Kernkraftwerke zu bauen. Seitdem ist das Thema des Atomausstiegs stark debattiert worden.

By Robert Williams

Obwohl von Atomkraft-Anhängern behauptet wird, dass Atomkraft alternativlos sei, um weiterhin genug Strom produzieren zu können, ist weit bekannt, dass Atomstrom aus Frankreich nach Deutschland importiert werden kann, um das Problem der Energieknappheit zu bewältigen. Deutschland ist seit Jahren einer der Hauptabnehmer des französischen Atomstroms und mit der französischen Energie und anderer deutscher Energie, die nicht durch Atomkraft erzeugt wird, kann das ganz Land weiterhin problemlos mit Strom versorgt werden.

Jedoch ist nicht jeder davon überzeugt. Anhänger für die Nutzung der Atomkraftgibt es immer noch. Laut ihnen ist ein großer Vorteil der Atomkraft, dass sie keine direkte Umweltverschmutzung der Luft darstellt, da kein Kohlendioxid, das ein Nebenprodukt der Verbrennung fossiler Brennstoffe ist, freigesetzt wird.

Daher trägt die Atomkraft nicht direkt zur Erderwärmung und dem Treibhauseffekt bei. Dennoch wird natürlich eine schädliche Umweltverschmutzung durch den Neubau der Atomkraftwerke riskiert, die den Strom letztendlich erzeugen.

Die Atomkraftdebatte Die Nuklearkatastrophe von Fukushima war einer der Hauptgründe, wieso der Bundestag mit einer großen Mehrheit den vollständigen Atomausstieg beschlossen hat. Die Katastrophe ereignete sich im März 2011 und wurde durch das Tohuku-Erdbeben und den darauffolgenden Tsunami verursacht. Es gab Explosionen in drei Reaktorblöcken und große Mengen an radioaktivem Material wurden in der Luft freigesetzt.

Seit der Katastrophe hat Deutschland endgültig 8 von 17 Reaktoren stillgesetzt. Aber der Atomausstieg ist ein umstrittenes Thema und es gibt viele Gründe, wieso manche diesen unterstützen und manche dagegensprechen.

Energiewende Der Entwurf „Energiewende“, der 2010 eingeführt wurde, zeigt eine neue Richtung in der Energiepolitik. Die Energiewende ist der Übergang zu einer kohlenstoffarmen, umweltfreundlichen, zuverlässigen und bezahlbaren Energieproduktion. Sie soll zum größten Teil aus erneuerbarer Energie bestehen, wobei vor allem Wind, Hydroelektrizität und Fotovoltaik eine tragende Rolle spielen sollen.

Außerdem beschreibt die Energiewende das Ziel, Treibhausgase um 20% zu reduzieren und 60% alle Energie durch erneuerbare Energiequellen zu erzeugen. Jedoch behaupten viele, dass der Atomaussteig den Zielen der neuen Politik widersprechen würde. Der Grund dafür sei, dass der Die deutsche Regierung glaubt, dass es zu teuer ist und dass Weltklimarat (IPCC) die Atomkraft als einen der Atomenergie viel Steuergelder verschlingt. Mindestens 67 saubersten Energiequellen anerkenne.

Milliarden Euro haben die deutschen Steuerzahler bisher in Subventionen für die Atomenergie gesteckt. Nicht nur sind die Insgesamt wird Deutschland 2022 deutlich anders Baukosten von neuen Atomkraftwerken für Energiekonzerne aussehen als heute. Es wird keine Atomkraftwerke unvorstellbar hoch, auch sind sie viermal teurer als andere mehr geben, aber dafür mehr Windräder und konventionelle Anlagen. Im Vergleich zu anderen Solarzellplatten – das wissen wir ganz genau.

Energiequellen wie zum Beispiel Windenergie, Solarenergie Abzusehen ist auch, dass neue Probleme entstehen und Gezeitenenergie, kann Atomkraft eigentlich kaum im können. Nur die Zukunft wird uns zeigen, ob der Wettbewerb mithalten.

Atomausstieg eine gute Entscheidung war oder nicht.

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LA BATALLA DE VINO

By Rebekah Quixano Henriques

Había oído de la batalla de vino de Haro, pero nunca la había experimentado. Tuve la impresión de que fue una pelea tradicional y amable. Aunque es cierto que es una experiencia tradicional, es seguro de que no tiene nada que ver con la amistad.

Después de la pelea caótica, todo el mundo descendió de las montañas a la zona de aparcamiento, donde comimos un almuerzo. Obviamente comimos tortilla de patatas, chorizo y pan, y bebimos demasiado vino.

También, comimos trozos de un queso jarrera que sabe a queso manchego, mini empanadas de bonito y Esta batalla española es algo parecido a la Tomatina de platos calientes como mejillones - un plato típico de la Valencia, pero crucialmente supone un montón de vino batalla de vino. rojo en vez de tomates cada año.

Por lo menos, después de la batalla hacía menos frío y Me sorprendió que la gente estuviera tan violenta. las personas con quienes estaba llevaron un cambio de Paralucrelucralos aficionados deLuchaba como si la camiseta para todos. Estaba contenta de volver a la batalla fuera parte de una guerra auténtica. Unos días normalidad. Estuvimos amables de nuevo. Mientras antes tomé parte en la batalla de vino infantil. Por lo comíamos y contábamos chistes, de verdad me sentí tanto, pensaba que sabía lo que me esperaba. ¡Qué parte de la comunidad de Haro. ignorancia!

Dudo que yo Cuando habían pasado sólo fuera la única dos minutos de la batalla persona de verdadera, estuve más mojada Inglaterra de la que al final de la batalla batalla de vino infantil. Sentí los goteos de debido al gran vino escurriendo por mi conocimiento de espalda, bajo mi camiseta esta batalla entre blanca y bajo mi ropa los aficionados interior. Qué asco... Después del vino.

Sin de sólo cinco minutos yo, la embargo, no única inglesa en mi grupo, y conocí a nadie de algunas amigas de Inglaterra, solo de Logroño, intentamos secar Australia y los nuestra ropa bajo el sol. No Estados Unidos, y obstante, un hombre definitivamente no corrió con un cubo lleno de nos habríamos vino y lo nos tiró encima. llevado bien ¡Mojadas otra vez! durante esta lucha intensa y bruta. A Me di cuenta rápidamente Mis amigas y yo llevamos ropa tradicional. Esta foto es de la pesar de la de que no tuvo sentido noche de fiestas antes de la batalla. presencia de estos intentar de secar la ropa ni turistas enológicos, calentarme. Si encontré la mayoría hablaba castellano.

Los jarreros, es decir los una zona de tranquilidad para tomar el sol, no de Haro, no van a la batalla cada año, pero todavía había quedaría así por mucho tiempo. Lo mejor era suficientes jarreros para crear esta atmosfera de involucrarme en la actividad. comunidad, de fiesta y de orgullo de la región.

No me había dado cuenta de que la batalla incluyera música, baile y canciones al mismo tiempo que Por cierto, si vas a la batalla de vino tienes que peleábamos. Es cierto que no había un ambiente de involucrarte para divertirte. Nunca he visto nada que amistad, pero también no puedo negar el ambiente de involucre a tantas personas luchando tan 11 comunidad.

Era una experiencia inimaginable. apasionadamente sólo por diversión. Hacía frio y llovía Claramente en Inglaterra no tenemos fiestas tan grandes vino a gran escala, a escala impensable. Lo bueno y lo como esta, ni luchas tan graciosas y de ninguna manera malo, nunca olvidaré este día. Un día intenso, bruto, y con un sentimiento comunitario igual. lleno de diversión.

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FIVE THINGS TO DO-IN BARCELONA AT CHRISTMAS UNA ILUITA DE TRADICIONS LA CASTANYADA You could probably use the word ‘festive’ to describe the atmosphere in Barcelona all year round, just not always in the Christmassy sense of the word. It’s true there is almost always something celebratory going on, from neighbourhood festivals throughout summer to the huge annual La Mercè festival in September. There’s plenty to tide you over until Christmas, but that doesn’t mean Barcelona isn’t also full of extra festive spirit from November onwards.

Here are the top five ways to get Christmas started early:

By Jessie Read

for ‘Jornades de Portes Obertes’ which are open days where you can get in for free! Make the most of the colder weather to do some cultural activities inside. One that offers open days at this time of the year is the stunning Palau de la Música Catalana which is just as beautiful on the inside as it is from the outside. Get there early as there will be queues!

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1) Watch the Christmas lights being turned on This is something that should not be missed if you want to feel really Christmassy. Every year, the Christmas light turn-on happens around the third week of November. There’s a show with music and dance, followed by a short speech (good practice for your Catalan!) The event is a lovely way to feel part of the community, and it’s events like these which really make you feel part of life in Spain.

2) Go to a Christmas festival Is it really Christmas if you don’t find a festival with mulled wine, food trucks and Love Actually? Oso Winter Fest is one of the events offered by Oso Festivals over the course of the year. Last year, it took place in the grounds of the little church at the top of Poble Espanyol near Montjuïc, a gorgeous location with views across the city. With live music, food and drink, craft stalls, a jazz room, and a showing of Love Actually with blankets provided, there’s no way you won’t feel the Christmas spirit.

3) Grab your Christmas gifts at Palo Alto Market Palo Alto is a craft market located on the very edge of the Poblenou neighbourhood. Around once a month it opens for a weekend full of music, craft stalls and street food. You can go at any time of the year, but why not look for some unique presents for your loved ones at Christmas? The stalls are all so different, meaning there’s a huge amount on offer in the cutest setting. This is of course just one of the many markets you can find in the city, including Christmas ones selling various traditional gifts!

4) Make the most of ‘Open Days’ at famous buildings It is quite expensive to visit some of the renowned architectural sites in Barcelona, such as buildings designed by Gaudí. However, keep your eyes peeled

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Image - Palau de la Música Catalana 5) Go to the beach!

Beaches are not just for summer. Although it gets quite cold in Barcelona in winter, it’s nothing like the cold of being in the UK, so going to the beach on a December evening is still completely acceptable. There is just something so special about watching the early sunset across the sand and sea in December with the sound of the waves crashing on the quiet beach. You may not consider the beach to be the most festive place, but why not take the Christmas spirit there yourself?

Hopefully, this list has shown Barcelona as wellworth a visit at Christmastime with so much on offer. Bon Nadal a tots!

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CONHEÇA 10 ANIMAIS EM EXTINÇÃO NO BRAZIL

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By Valentina K Somers Kohli

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L’ANNÉE EN ÉTRANGÈRE «AIXCELLENTE » QUE JE N’AURAIS JAMAIS IMAGINÉ Revenons novembre 2016, il y a un an. À l'approche de Noël et la fin du semestre, avec le chaos des dates limites, les examens et les dissertations qui s’ensuivent, c’est difficile à comprendre que dans un an on habiterait dans un pays complètement étranger, loin de tout qui est familier. On vit au jour le jour, ne croyant jamais que dans un an, la vie changera complètement.

Je n'aurais jamais imaginé que je me trouverais ici, aujourd’hui, une année après, en écrivant cela au cœur d’une ville provençale et rustique ; que je serais complétement séduite en flânant les artères sinueuses parmi l’afflux des gens que la ville fait pulser chaque minute ; que je serais une des aixois qui affluent dans les avenues comme les fontaines qui enchainent les veinules des cours, que mon cœur serait volé par les avenues ambrés par le reflet d’un coucher du soleil glorieusement doré au-dessus les chapelets de bâtiments bronzés.

DANIELLE DARRIEUX: UNE ODE À LA LÉGENDE DU CINÉMA FRANÇAIS

By Emily Darby Surtout, ce qui je n'aurais jamais imaginé est les amis fabuleux que je rencontrais dans cet aventure ; je n’aurais jamais songé de la magie ivre que serait créé en dansant sous les réverbères des boulevards marseillais, en riant aux larmes ; que je me trouverais dans les clubs dans les grottes et je me réveillerais entouré de mes amies qui rigolaient en racontant les singeries du soir ; que je monterais Saint-Victoire et que je serais étonnée de ce qui je pourrais accomplir avec l’encouragement de mon ensemble de compagnons merveilleusement fous.

Novembre 2017 : J’écris cette réflexion, un peu émotive, en me demandant si tout était un rêve car, je ne veux pas me réveiller si c’est le cas. Quand je quitterai Aix-en-Provence pour Espagne ce janvier je me rappellerai comment ma vie a changé pour toujours en rempliant un document simple en ce moment-là. À l'approche de la nouvelle année, nous réfléchissons souvent sur nos beaux souvenirs et accomplissements de l’année mais pour moi c’est l’espoir de continuer á avoir les expériences, que je n’aurais jamais imaginé en n’oubliant jamais que Aix aura toujours une pièce de mon cœur.

By Georgia Lock

En Mars 1942, Darrieux est montée dans un train à Berlin, bientôt baptisé ‘le train de la honte’, pour promouvoir le nouvel film ‘Premier rendez-vous’. Elle a plus tard soutenu que la seule raison pour ce Danielle Darrieux, est morte à l’âge de 100 chez son voyage était (soit/fût) de libérer son mari, Porfirio domicile familial le 17eme Octobre 2017. Avec une Rubirosa, qui a été interné comme espion par les carrière brillante de huit décennies, malgré un scandale Nazis. Mais, malgré cette affirmation, le terme de collaboration, son glamour a inspiré aux générations ‘collaboratrice’ toujours fait des taches sur les articles de femmes à travers le monde, et a posé les bases du de journaux, même après son décès : « On m'a traitée style typique français. de collabo, j'ai dû me justifier plus de cent fois devant le bureau d'épuration."

Suit à une enfance plein d’études de musique, Darrieux a gagné son premier grand rôle au drame historique Suivant une époque si difficile et controversé, ‘Mayerling’ (1936), ce qui a lancé son carrier. Après ça, certaines actrices peut-être auraient laisser leurs elle a joué dans plusieurs films de Hollywood, carrières de s’effacer dans les livres d’histoire. Pas encouragée par Henri Decoin, le premier de ses trois Darrieux. Elle a continué de jouer dans des films maris. d’innombrables en France, en Angleterre et en Hollywood, ainsi que plusieurs pièces de théâtre ; elle Cependant, pendant les débuts de son carrière, a même prêté sa voix au personnage du dessin animé Darrieux s’est trouvée dans une situation qui salit sa ‘Persepolis’ en 2007. Une chanteuse douée, elle a réputation même aujourd’hui. Sa décision de continuer fourni le chant de beaucoup de ses personnages, et de jouer dans les films pendant l’occupation de Paris, même a travaillé comme concertiste pendant les dans le studio de cinéma de Goebbels ‘Continental- années soixante. Comme David Shipman, historien 10 Films’, attirait pas mal de critique. Mais c’était le britannique du cinéma, a dit en 1972, « For forty voyage de promotion d’un film qui a vraiment laissé years she has represented to many the ideal French une cicatrice sur son héritage. woman. » Repose en paix, Danielle.

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ECCO LE COSE PREFERITE DA DUE STUDENTESSE CHE HANNO PASSATO UN SEMESTRE IN ITALIA

By Emily Bridges Luogo preferito: Padova Si dice che Padova sia una perla preziosa, ed è davvero facile capire il perchè, data la singolare bellezza delle strade acciottolate e l’architettura straordinaria che la città vanta.

Padova possiede il fascino pittoresco che ci si aspetterebbe da qualsiasi altra città italiana, ma senza le mandrie di turisti. Sembra che i turisti, per fortuna, non abbiano ancora scoperto questa piccola città, che significa che la città rimane un luogo tipicamente italiano e che non ha sofferto le conseguenze negative del turismo di massa.

Oltre alla sua bellezza, c’è sempre molto da fare lì: è una citta universitaria e quindi è piena di ristoranti, discoteche e attrattive per giovani. È una città davvero fantastica!

Attrazione turistica: Prato della Vale.

La piazza ellittica nel cuore di Padova è, senza dubbio, la mia attrazione preferita. Nel centro della piazza c’è una isola verde che viene circondata da un piccolo canale e da statue di persone importanti per la storia della città.

Durante l’estate tutti gli studenti vanno lì per studiare o per rilassarsi sotto il sole. Con vista sulla cattedrale, una gran selezione di ristoranti e anche un mercato all’interno della piazza, c’è davvero una bella atmosfera lì.

Cibo favorito: La pizza Marinanara.

Anche se questa pizza non viene servita con formaggio, la gustosissima salsa di pomodoro con aglio la rende deliziosa. Una pizza da provare!

Tradizione favorita: Il modo di pensare dei napoletani.

La tradizione che mi è piaciuta di più è l’abitudine napoletana di vivere nel presente. I napoletani hanno una mentalità molto ottimista, e cercano sempre di vedere qualcosa di positivo nelle brutte situazioni. Questa abitudine viene del fatto che si può vedere dalla città il Vesuvio, un vulcano tutt’ora attivo e che ha eruttato in passato, distruggendo alcune città e isole circostanti, come Pompei. Gli abitanti pensano che i loro problemi non siano mai così male perché, alla fine della giornata, almeno il vulcano non ha eruttato. Inoltre, pensano che in realtà il vulcano possa eruttare in qualsiasi momento, quindi vivono nel presente senza preoccuparsi tanto.

By Jessica Richards Luogo favorito: Napoli Anche se mi sono innamorata di tutte le città che ho visitato, Napoli è, senza dubbio, la mia preferita. È così vibrante e vivace! Ovviamente tutte le citte italiane sono molte belle, ma c’è qualcosa di diverso in Napoli. È pieno di aspetti e caratteristiche particolari e sembra che la piazza principale cambi a prescindere dal momento della giornata. Tutte le persone hanno un atteggiamento positivo e felice. È stato molto interessante visitarla dopo aver passato 3 mesi nel nord-Italia perché la cultura è abbastanza diversa. Sembrano tutti molto più rilassati, specialmente nei quartieri spagnoli dove è normale incontrare 3 persone e un carne su un motorino, e senza casco! In più, è situata molto vicino a Pompeii che è solo ad un breve viaggio di treno di distanza: vale la pena di visitare anche questo luogo affascinante!

Attrazione turistica: Duomo di Firenze Quando vedi le lunghe file di persone che aspettano di entrare nel Duomo di Firenze è facile pensare che la stupenda parte esteriore sia è sufficiente per la visita. Ma è valsa la pena di aspettare circa un’ora per entrare e vedere gli affreschi che sono davvero mozzafiato. Durante la mia permanenza in Italia, ho passato un sacco di tempo visitando cattedrali e chiese, ma niente ha superato il confronto col Duomo di Firenze. In tutta onesta, la scalata alla vetta è stata terrificante, perché è molto alto: 463 scalini circondati da pareti strettissime! Ma quando alla fine si arriva in cima, il panorama è fantastico e ti senti in cima al mondo guardando tutta Firenze!

Cibo favorito: Aperitivo Anche se nella mia esperienza non è così popolare a Padova, dove abitavo, il mio cibo preferito è il cibo da aperitivo. È perfetto perché compri una bibita- io raccomanderei uno Spritz o uno Hugo- e puoi godere di un buffet gratis!

Tradizione favorita: Il segno zodiacali mancante Sembra che tutte le città italiane abbiano le proprie tradizioni sugli studenti e le loro lauree, ma la mia preferita è quella di Padova, anche se è possibile che sia di parte!

Nella piazza principale, c’è laTorre dell’ Orologio che presenta tutti i segni zodiacali sul quadrante. Ma il segno della Bilancia è scomparso. La leggenda narra che, durante la costruzione della torre, il progettista avesse litigato con il costruttore e, per questo motivo, il costruttore avesse nascosto il segno in uno dei pilastri della piazza invece di completare la Torre dell’ Orologio. Adesso è una tradizione degli studenti trovare dove nella piazza sia il segno mancante, che assicurerebbe la riuscita nel passare gli esami!

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By Charlotte Lau

Как отпраздновать Рождество на русском языке В ночь с 6 на 7 января православные России отмечают праздник Рождества Христова. Как известно, в стране церковь в начале 20 века не перешла с Юлианского календаря на новый григорианский, вследствие чего календарь на 13 дней отличается от календаря, используемого остальными христианами. Рождество, как праздник в России, значительно отличается от своего аналога в остальном христианском мире. Изначально Рождественские праздники были связаны со множеством народных обычаев, но они забылись, после того как в 1918 году празднование Рождества было запрещено. В последние годы, однако, все больше людей посещает в Рождественские праздники церковь, вспоминая религиозный смысл праздника. Сегодня большинство верующих в России отмечает Рождество 7 января, соблюдают предшествующий ему сорокадневный Рождественский пост и приходят в храмы, чтобы присутствовать на всенощном бдении в честь Праздника Рождества Христова. Так, главная рождественская служба в храме Христа Спасителя в Москве в последние годы собирает более 5 тысяч человек ежегодно. Главное богослужение страны возглавляет патриарх Московский и всея Руси Кирилл.

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С Рождество́м! - Merry Christmas Поздравля́ю тебя́ с Рождество́м!

- Merry Christmas! (informal)

By Charlotte Simpson

• канун Рождества - Christmas Eve • ёлка - fir-tree, Christmas tree • Желаю счастья, здоровья, успехов I wish you happiness, health, success.

• Дед Мороз - Father Christmas • Снегурочка - Snowgirl, Father Christmas’ granddaughter • Давайте наряжать ёлку! - Let’s decorate the Christmas tree!

• Северный олень - reindeer • Снеговик - snowman • Рождественский венок - Christmas wreath • Колокольчик - bell • Эльф - elf • Индейка - turkey • Имбирный пряник - gingerbread man • Oмелa - miseltoe • Сани - sleigh • Рождественский чулок - Christmas stocking • Печенье - cookies, biscuits • Кататься на санках - go sledding • Санки - sled • Играть в снежки - to have a snowball fight • Лепить снежную бабу - build a snowwoman • Лепить снеговика - build a snowman

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Туризм в Украïнi

By Yelyzaveta Kohli

У зв'язку з туризмом, який швидко набирає популярність, я вирішила Так само, в музеї присутнiй широкий вибір різних панорам, написати невелику статтю про найцікавіші місця України, які потрібно включаючи панорами боїв і зборів козаків, які виконані до тонких неодмінно відвідати! дрібниць. Існує дуже багато природних і архітектурних чудес в Україні. Але тим не менше, мені б хотілося вам розповісти про чудовий острів На дальній частині острова знаходиться відомий на всю країну Хортиця, який знаходиться в місті, у якому я народилась. кінний театр, який називається «Запорізькі козаки». Там вашій увазі Цей острів є Національним заповідником. На його території пропонуються численні, цікаві і зачаровують кінні спектаклі, вистави, знаходяться численні музеї, історико-культурні комплекси, панорами і який демонструють козацькі оздоблення, ремесла, бої на шаблях та історичне надбання. Будь-який турист знайде там собі заняття на свій багато іншого. У вас так само з'являється чудова і унікальна смак. Острів відображає історію України у цілому і міста Запоріжжя, можливість побачити і навіть поговорити з справжніми козаками! особливо один з найважливіших періодів той історії, а саме - українське Якщо зголодніли, в кафе «Козацька застави» ситно і смачно козацтво. нагодують. Сам острів досить великий, його протяжність 12 кілометрів. У північній частині острова знаходяться три Стовпа - скелі Диван, Похилий На території музею також є залишки різних автентичних укріплень, і Середній Стовпи, які, історично вважаються своєрідними воротами, які предмети побуту, монети, зброя, гармати. Там так само присутні ведуть на Хортицю. величезні гранітні пластини, які доповнять відчуття пересування На даний момент, підійматися на гранітні скелі висотою до 35 печерою. Стародавні кургани, скіфські плити, кам'яні композиції під метрів, які находяться недалеко від цих стовпів, стало дуже популярним відкритим небом влаштовані так тонко і ненав'язливо, ніби до цього серед альпіністів. їх ніхто і пальцем не чіпав. Островом лежить акуратна дорога з покажчиками і прекрасними табличками, вони дадуть привід для На острові також був недавно заснований музей українського козацтва. посмішки на вашому обличчі. Там представлено багато різних експозицій, наприклад Історикокультурний комплекс «Запорізька Січ». У цьому комплексі інсценовано У такому випадку, якщо вам коли-небудь пощастить опинитися в житло і господарські споруди козаків, так само їх зміцнення з гарматами, прекрасному місті Запоріжжя, не пропустіть можливість відвідати це курені і багато іншого. Таким чином, вiдвiдавши цей музеї, ви цілком чудове місце! Ваші відвідини залишить вам приємні спогади на все можете відчути атмосферу тих часів. життя.

Across 2. Which painting by the 17th century Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer was the inspiration for a 1999 novel as well as a film in 2003? The girl with the pearl _? (7) 4. The new Chinese year beginning on the 16th February 2018 is the year of which animal? (3) 6. The famous painting by Sandro Botticelli, housed in the Uffizi gallery in Florence, depicts the birth of which Roman goddess? (5) 11. How many countries have "Guinea" in their name? (4) 13. Which country's flag has a blue wheel in the centre with 24 spokes to represent the hours in a day? (5) 14. What is the Oxford English Dictionaries word of the year for 2017? (10) 15. Lutetia was the ancient Roman name for which European city? (5) 16. In Christianity, boxing day is also the day of which saint? (7) 17. Which current sportsman holds the record for winning the most BBC Sports Personality of the Year awards? (4,6) Down 1. Which Indian river is known as the "sacred river"? (6) 3. Which African country's capital city is Windhoek? (7) 5. What species are the monkeys that live up the rock of Gibraltar? The Barbary _? (7) 7. The founder of the Nobel Prize, Alfred Nobel, was born in which country? (6) 8. Who is the author of the classic adventure novel Around the World in 80 days? (5,5) 9. Which fruit, regarded as the smelliest in the world, is a delicacy in Southeast Asia? (6) 10. Which Shakespeare play features the characters Regan and Cordelia? (4,4) 11. What style of Portuguese folk music, popular today in bars and restaurants in Lisbon, is believed to originate in the early 19th century? (4) 12. What is the name of the art movement pioneered

by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque? (6) 15. After qualifying for the 2018 football world cup, which country's celebrations caused a minor earthquake? (4)

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FEATURED LANGUAGE…

FLEMISH

BELGIË: EEN LAND, DRIE TALEN België is eerder klein in verglijking met andere landen in Europa: Het heeft slechts 11 miljoen inwoners.

Alhoewel het maar een klein land is, heeft België drie officiële talen, en daardoor drie verschillende taalgebieden. Vlaanderen, waar mensen in het dagelijks leven gebruikmaken van Nederlands, is het grootste taalgebied met 59% van de Belgische bevolking – dat zijn ruim 6 miljoen nederlandstaligen.

In het frans taalgebied, Wallonië, wonen ongeveer 38% van de Belgen, die frans spreken als hun moedertaal. Dan rest nog ongeveer 1% van de bevolking, slechts 76 duizend Belgen, en die spreken in het dagelijks leven duits. Onafhankelijk van het feit dat er weinig Duitstalige Belgen zijn, wordt Duits – zowel als Frans en Nederlands - als een officiële taal van België beschouwd.

Deze mengeling van talen is eigenlijk niet te verwonderen, als men iets over de geschiedenis van België te weten komt. Het Koninkrijk van België was oorspronkelijk gecreëerd door de Engelsen om – na de Goude Eeuw van de Nederlanden, en na de avontuur met Napoleon en Waterloo - de Fransen en de Nederlanders te pesten! Een beetje territorium werd van Nederland afgepakt, zowel als een beetje van Frankrijk, en dan werd een lid van de Engelse Koninklijke familie ter beschikking gesteld om Koning te spelen over het nieuwe zogenaamde Koninkrijk. De Fransen en de Nederlanders, alhoewel ze tot dat moment in de geschiedenis buren waren, hadden een zeer verschillende levensbenadering en kultuur. De Nederlandstaligen zijn in het algemeen harde werkers en spaarders, economisch succesvol zoals de Duitsers, terwijl de Fransen vooral vriendelijke levensgenieters zijn.

Tintin & Snowy © Hergé Foundation 19

By Lizzy Delva The author…

Name: Lizzy Delva Degree: Modern Languages with Business Management Town of Origin: Ostend Little-known fact about Belgium: Adolphe Sax, the man who invented the saxophone was Belgian.

Longest Flemish word: “Hottentottententententoonstelling”: Hottentotten are people of the Hottentot tribe (an African tribe), tenten are tents, tentoonstelling is an exposition, so all together it means an exposition of Hottentot tents! It also has a figurative meaning like the whole nine yards.

Het kleinste taalgebied – de Duitstalige Gemeenschap – is het recentste deel van Belgie: Duitsland moest het in 1919 afstaan aan België bij de Vrede van Versailles. Het heeft eigenlijk meer zin, in mijn ogen, om de gemeenschap een deel van Duitsland te laten zijn, omdat het geografisch geïsoleerd is van het rest van België door de hoogten van de Hoge Venen, een deel van het vulkanisch Eifelgebergte. De Eifel is een bergachtig natuurgebied waar Oost-België grenst aan West-Duitsland.

Om dit artikel te beëindigen, laten we een beetje over de belgische bevolking spreken. Weliswaar zijn ze niet allemaal even beroemd als Hergé, die bekend is voor zijn stripverhalen over de avonturen van de held “Tintin” (in het Nederlands: “Kuifje”), maar Belgen zijn toch wel een spectaculaire groep mensen. Dankzij de drie verschillende officiëlle talen, leren kinderen vanaf een zeer jonge leeftijd al een tweede taal en vaak zijn ze drietalig tegen het einde van hun middelbare school.

Het is een vereiste om minstens tweetalig te zijn, als men later in Brussel zou willen wonen en werken, maar zelfs buiten de hoofdstad kunnen de meeste wel een gesprek houden in minstens het Frans en het Vlaams (en meestal ook Engels!) Dat vind je niet zomaar in alle landen ter wereld. En dankzij hun optimale ligging midden in Europa zijn ze buitengewoon dynamisch en commercieel ingesteld tegenover toerisme en handel.

Hoera voor de talentvolle Belgen!

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