Sasa-RDC Initiatives Preliminary Report

January 3rd, 2024

SASA-RDC INITIATIVES PRELIMINARY REPORT

Danie Mahirane

DanieK.Mahirane

PathyFellow

CoadyInstituteStFX

KyakaIIRefugeeSettlement 93QV+MG5Kyegegwa,Uganda

January3rd,2024

SASA-RDCINITIATIVES’APPRECIATIVEINQUIRYREPORT

Tableofcontent……………………………….…………………………………….…p.1

Abbreviationandacronyms..………………….…………………………………….…p.2

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….p.3

KyakaIIRefugeesettlementmap………...…………………………………………….p.4

Definition:………………………………………………………………………….…..p.5

Table1…………………………………………………………………..……………....p.7

Discovery………………………………………………………………………….........p.9

Table2…………………………………………………………………..………….…...p.9

Isthesettlementsafe?Ifnotwho’sresponsiblefortheturmoil?....................................p.19

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..….p.20

DreamsandDesign……………………………………………………………………..p.21

➢ RaisingawarenessonSRHR……………………………………………p.21

➢ TheGirls’Cooperative…………………………………………….……p.22

➢ Theheld-handsinitiatives………………………………...……………..p.23

➢ Youthinitiatives…………………………………………………………p23

1. Destiny………………………………………………………..…………………p.24

2. Resources……………………………………………………..…………………p.24

3. Appreciation…………………………………………………..…………………p.25

4. Contact…………………………………………………………..………..……..p.26

1 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

Abbreviationandacronyms

- AI:AppreciativeInquiry

- Sasa-RDC Initiatives: nameawardedtotheappreciativeinquiryresearchinKyakaII settlement.

- SRHR:SexualReproductiveHealthandRights

- ABCDmodel:Asset-basedCommunity-ledDevelopmentmodel

- OPM:OfficeofthePrimeMinisterofUganda

- VHT:VillageHealthTeam

- Informed of SRHR: Girls informed of sexual reproductivehealthandrightsathome orinschools

- Contraceptive knowledge: Girls who have been informed of contraceptives at the zonepost,hospitals,athome,atschool,duringsensitisationcampaigns

- Gave consent: young girls who consented to sexual activities leading to their pregnancies

- Reported rape case: Incidents of rape that were reported to the police, to any responsible organization within the settlement such as Rescue, Alight, Save the Children…

- Open communication: Pregnant girls and young mothers who had an open conversationwiththeirparents

- Transactional sex: non-marital, non-commercial sexual relationship motivated byan implicitassumptionthatsexwillbeexchangedformaterialsupportorotherbenefits

- Abandoned/broken relationship: Girls whowereabandonedbytheirpartnersdueto theirpregnanciesandleftwithoutsupport

2 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

SASA-RDCINITIATIVES’APPRECIATIVEINQUIRYREPORT

As of June 2023, Uganda hosted a staggering 1,561,634 refugees and asylum seekers, with continuous arrivals predominantly from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and South Sudan (UNHCR, 2023). Notably, refugees from the DRC constitute approximately 47.42% of the total refugee population in Uganda. Among the refugee settlements, KyakaII stands as the 7th most populated and the 3rd settlement primarily receiving Congolese refugees,followingNakivaleandKyangwali.

The inception of Sasa-RDC Initiatives by TheIturian in Kyaka II is an integral facet of the Pathy fellowship project at Coady Institute, Saint Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, employing the ABCD model and appreciative inquiry to confront the pressing issue of early pregnancies and the associated stigmatization in the refugee settlement. The initiative's mission is to identify pragmatic solutions and offer support to pregnant girls and young mothers, empowering them to become self-sufficient contributors to the community while challenging the discrimination and stigma faced by girls experiencing pregnancies out ofwedlock.

TheKyakaIIrefugeesettlementspans81squaremiles(Table4),andisorganisedintonine zones,furthersubdividedinto26villages.Thezonesandtheirrespectivevillagesareas follows:BwirizazonewithNdolilereandKyamagabovillages;BukerezonewithAandB villages;BulitizonedividedintoAandBvillages;KaborogotawithAandBvillages; KakonizonecomprisingAandBvillages;ItambabinigadividedintoCentral,Humura,and Ruchingavillages;SweswezonewithDam1,Dam2,andKitonzivillages;Mukondozone subdividedintoA,B,C,andDvillages;andByabakorawithsixvillages.

Kyaka II Refugee Settlement accommodates over 125,000 people, with 80% being women and children, andthisnumbercontinuestorise.Inourengagementwitharound200underage pregnant girls and young mothers, we discovered that early pregnancies are often linked to poverty, lack of information, absent parents, and cultural beliefs. Shockingly, 65% of these casesresultedfromrape,leavingthevictimswithenduringphysicalandemotionalscars.

The primary objectives of Sasa-RDC Initiatives encompass identifying practical solutions, extending support to pregnant girls and young mothers, and promoting awareness of Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights. Initially focused on providing vocational training for self-sufficiency, the initiative now directs attention to integrating income-generating activities, utilizing available settlement resources to meet the diverse needs of the girls undergoingvocationalskilltraining.

3 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

1. DEFINITION

“Appreciative Inquiry(AI) isthecooperativesearchforthebestinpeople,theirorganisations, and the world around them. It involves systematic discovery of what gives a system ‘life’ when it is most effective and capable ineconomic,ecological,andhumanterms.AIinvolves the art and practice of asking questions that strengthen a system’s capacity to heighten positive potential. It mobilizes inquiry through crafting an “unconditional positive question” often involving hundreds or sometimes thousands of people.” Cooperrider, D.L. & Whitney, D.,TheChangeHandbook,p.245-263.)

We asked ourselves about the positive side AI focuses on: Must it consistently lean towards positivity? We realized for the cases of early pregnancies out ofwedlockandyoungmothers present, we had to confront the negative and challenging aspects, and indeed, while we activelyseekavenuesforcultivatingpositivechange.

We followed the constructionist principle as we realized that AI doesn’t have to always be positive. The constructionist principle acknowledged that “reality, as we know it, is a subjectivevs.objectivestateandissociallycreatedthroughlanguageandconversations.”

TheAIproceedsthroughfivefundamentalstages:Definition,Discovery,Dream,Design,and Destiny

In the Definition stage, the focus is established by identifying necessary information or actions. Community-led development starts with an understanding of the community, recognizing strengths, and integrating them with key relationships that support community-led initiatives

Discovery involves engaging in numerous conversations to tap into the community's wisdom about past successes and initiate discussions about future aspirations

Dream centres on envisioning new possibilities and aspirations By asking powerful questions and creatively engaging with a diverse range of people, insights from the Discovery phase are used to craft a compelling and ambitious vision for the future. Identifying recurring themes in stories helps select topics for further exploration

Design requires creating shared images of the preferred future and determining what it should be Destiny is the phase where decisions are made about what will be, and innovative approaches are sought to bring that future to fruition This could involve implementing a long-awaited project or testing community-led and community-owned solutions using a community or sample population

➢ Ourpurpose

Sasa-RDC Initiatives originatedasaprojectwiththeoverarchinggoalofsupportingpregnant girls and young mothers, ensuring their empowerment as active contributors to their communities. The focus was empowering women in the most vulnerable settings, including settlement and displacement settlements. Recognising the diverse challenges refugees face, the initiative aimed to comprehend the nuanced dynamics of the settlement, acknowledging that while all refugees undergo hardship, each experiences it uniquely based on varying perspectivesandawareness.

Before embarking on this journey, ourinitialassumption,groundedinlivedexperiences,was that the escalating rate of early pregnancies stemmed from young girls resorting to transactional sex for survival in the Kyaka II refugee settlement, consequently subjecting

5 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

DM

them to discrimination and stigmatization. The initiative needed to delve into understanding the causes and impacts of early pregnancies on girls within theirrespectivecommunities.To avoid perpetuating single stories, we sought insights from not onlytheaffectedgirlsbutalso their parents and community agencies. In addition tofocusingonthetargetedpopulation,we endeavoured to explore available resourcesandcommunityinitiatives,aimingtoidentifyany existing gaps for more effective planning and tailored solutions that align with the community'sspecificneeds.

➢ TOPICS

To gain a deeper understanding of the situation, we devised 87 concise questions that our exceptional team of eight trained women, hailing from diverse backgrounds such as survivors, students, religious individuals, and mothers, could effortlessly translate into Swahili, Kinyabwisha, and Kinyarwanda. Led by our Field Manager, Ms. Rachel Kayenga Wafolo, a young refugee mother with an educational background in development and environment, these committed team members played a pivotal role in going above and beyond community norms, fearlessly delving into taboo subjects like the sexual lives of underage girls and young mothers, menstrual health, cultural barriers, and contraceptive practices.

Our inquiries extended to various aspects, encompassing pregnancies, the existing support system, emotional well-being, instances of discrimination and stigmatization within their communities, and the girls' perspectives on risky abortion practices, enduring health issues, poverty impacts, and the prevalent communication gap in the community Additionally, we explored the social cycle, children registration cases, and inclusion to discern the intricate relationship between the environment young girls find themselves in and the consequent impact on their well-being. The investigation reached itsculminationbyengagingwiththese girls' parents, guardians, and tutors, recognizing that they bear themajorityofthecaregiving burden, whether willingly or unwillingly. While our primary objective was to establish a robust support system, we soon realized the need to comprehend the root causes of early pregnanciesandidentifygapswithintheexistingsystemintheKyakaIIrefugeesettlement.

➢ APPROACH

Utilizing our community connections and with assistance from relativeswhohappenedtobe Village Health Team members (VHT), we successfully mapped the nine zones and devised more effective strategies to connect with underage pregnant girls while also seeking input from the general population. Thanks to the support of Mister Mugenyi David,thesettlement commandant of the Kyaka II refugeesettlement,wereceivedguidancefromtheOfficeofthe Prime Minister [OPM] Kampala, securing clearance to reside within the refugee settlement and conduct an appreciativeinquiry.Thisclearancepermittedustoengagewithauthoritiesat alllevelswithinthesettlement.

Subsequently, we reached out to Mister Bonheur Mpungwe, the VHT coordinator of the Kyaka IIrefugeesettlement,overseeing26villages,over30VHTteamleaders,andhundreds of VHT members. With his collaboration, we honed in on households with pregnant girls, a

6 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

pivotal aspect of our appreciative inquiry. Mr Mpungwe's assistance proved invaluableashe strategically scheduled (Table 5) our field trips to avoid conflicting with ongoing health settlement campaigns, vaccinations, and HIV screenings in different zones. Healsoassigned VHT team leaders and dedicated members to guide us to young pregnant girlsandunderage mothers.

To delve deeper into the experiences of these young women, we made adeliberatechoiceto engage with them privately, away from the presence of parents, guardians, partners, and VHTs, ensuring their privacy and safety. This approach aimed to create a space where they felt comfortable opening up and sharing their perspectives. To demonstrate our commitment to cooperation with the households supporting these girls, we posed two questions to the responsiblepersonineachhousehold,seekingabetterunderstandingofthesituation.

Table1belowscheduledtripsandthenumberofpregnantgirlsandtheirresidencezones.

KYAKAIITEENAGEPREGNANCY/YOUNGMOTHERS

7 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

Compiledby:VHTCOORDINATORKYAKA2BONHEURMPUNGWE

Email:bonheurmpungwe@gmail.com Tel:+256789425529

➢ DataCollectionprocess

Our team adhered to a flexible schedule, commencing our daily activities at 9 AM, concluding at 2 PM, and occasionally extending to 3 PM. Given the unpredictable weather conditions, we eschewed reliance on weather apps and instead equipped ourselves with umbrellas and took preventive measures, adapting to the best options available. To enhance visibility and organizational representation, we consistently wore uniforms, a practice suggested by our team members. This approach resonated well within the settlement, where residentsplacetrustinorganizedassistance.

Recognizing the potential for misinformation, particularly regarding age and identity, we diligently requestedformnumberstoverifytheageandidentityofthegirlsweattended.This precaution aimed at fostering trust, given that some families in thesettlementmayaltertheir daughters' agesformarriageorconcealearlypregnancycasestoavoidprosecution.Toensure accuracy, we adhered strictly to the age recorded on the form, acknowledging that our reliance on the information provided during their registration with the Office of the Prime Minister(OPM)orthemostrecentrefugeecensusisparamount.

8 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

2. DISCOVERY(Table2) EARLYPREGNANCYCASES

➢ Presentation

After conducting our presentation, we sought consent from both underage girls and their parents, guardians, partners, and adult relatives residing withthem.It'simportanttonotethat this consent-seeking process did not apply to unaccompanied underage pregnant girls and young mothers who served as caretakers and breadwinners in households with elderly, disabled, or sick parents, as well as dependent siblings. The subset of underage girls and young mothers we focusedonrangedfrom13to18yearsold,encompassingindividualswho werepredominantlybreastfeeding,withsomebeingpregnant.

➢ Timespentinthesettlement

Approximately 95% of the girls we interviewed had resided in the Kyaka II refugee settlement for over four years. A few were born in the settlement and lack a record of the exact town or village their parents originated from.Additionally,lessthanadozengirlswere undocumented, having been registered in different settlements without undergoing the legal transfer process to Kyaka II. Thereasonsforrefugeesmovingfromonesettlementtoanother are diverse and include the pursuit of a better life, family reunification, escaping domestic violence,andavoidingstigmatizationanddiscriminationbasedontheirpastexperiences. It is not uncommon for relatives to be registered in different settlements, depending on their points of entry and dates of arrival.Theymayrequesttransferswheninneedofcaretakersor follow their relatives or older children for support, although such support is not always evident in their ability to assist others. Women fleeing domestic violence and stigmatization often relocate with their children to live with male relatives who share similar responsibilities, leaving them in a state of fear and isolation without adequate support. Getting help or allowances within the settlement is often challenging, except in cases of emergencyinterventions.

➢ Livingconditions

We encountered four distinct categories of living situations, each presenting unique challenges for underage pregnant girls or underage mothers; we had a child living with parents, a child living with guardians or relatives, a child living with grandparents or dependentrelativesandachildheadoffamily

Living with Parents: Some are residing with their parents, either receiving support or lackingit,inplacesintendedtobesafe.

Living with Guardians: Another category includes those living with guardians whomayor maynotprovidethenecessarysupport.

Living with Grandparents or Dependent Relatives: Underage pregnant girls or underage mothers are cohabiting with grandparents or dependent relatives,wheretheyfindthemselves intheroleofsolebreadwinnersandcaretakersforthefamily.

Head of the Family: Some underage pregnant girls or underage mothers have assumed the role of the head of the family.Inthesesituations,theyserveastheprimarybreadwinnersand caretakers,growingupaheadoftheirtimeandtakingresponsibilityforyoungersiblings.

10 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

In addition to thesecategories,therearealsohomelessunderagepregnantgirlsorunderage mothers who have been expelled from their families or relatives' households. Alternatively, unaccompanied pregnant girls, due to pregnancy-related sicknesses, may find themselves unable to pay rent and consequently end up in market shelters, on verandas, or staying with friends here and there. For these individuals, wherever the night finds them becomes home, asthereisnodesignatedsafehouseorwomen'sshelterinthesettlement.

➢ LanguagesspokeninKyakaII

The Kyaka II refugee settlement accommodates individuals from various backgrounds, including Congolese, Rwandans, Burundians, and refugees from other countries, distributed across nine zones. Additionally, neighbouring areas host Ugandan citizens. The prevalent languages spoken in Kyaka II encompass Kiswahili, Kinyabwisha, Kinyarwanda, Rutoro/Kihema, Lingala, Kirundi, Luganda, French,English,andRunyankole.Amongthese, Kiswahili and Kinyabwisha are the most commonly spoken, particularly among theyounger population. This linguistic diversity played a pivotal role in our approach, ensuringeffective communicationandfosteringconnectionsacrossculturaldifferences

➢ Maritalstatus

Early marriage emerges as a significant factor contributing to early pregnancies, with8.07% of the girls we engaged with involved in common-law partnerships. Fearing eviction from their family households, these girls chose to cohabit with their partners without customary ceremonies, self-ascribingthestatusofmarriedgirls.Someenteredintosucharrangementsas a means of escaping poverty, hopeful that their boyfriends would provide support, while others did so out of ignorance, lacking accurate information and guidance from parents, friends, and various institutions such as education and religion. Tragically, some found themselves living with their rapists or abusive partners, driven by the desire to avoid prosecution, discrimination, and stigmatization from community members due to their early pregnancies.

➢ PregnancyInformationandDiscriminationandStigma

The majority of the young girls in this context were experiencing motherhood for the first time, caring for infants as young as three days old up to children aged four. The range of pregnancies varied from 12 weeks to 35 weeks, and in some cases, young girls had already become mothers to three children by the age of 16. This reality prompts us to reflect on the influences of their environment and raises questions about their emotional maturity in navigatingsuchcomplexsituations.

Discrimination and stigma surrounding early pregnancies in a refugee settlement inUganda, particularly in Kyaka II, reflect deeply ingrained cultural attitudes that adversely impact young mothers. The prevalence of first-time mothers with infants and young children, some asyoungas12,underscoresthecomplexchallengestheyface. In African cultures, early pregnancies are often met with widespread discrimination and stigmatization, a pattern observed not only in the broader African context but specifically in

11 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

Congolese communities represented in Kyaka II. The consequences of early pregnancies extend beyond the immediate physical challenges, affecting the emotional well-being and socialstandingofyoungmothers.

In Kyaka II, where the majority ofthepopulationcomprisesCongoleserefugees,theissueof early pregnancies is met with severe social punishment. Young girls who find themselves pregnant may experience exclusion from their family households, leading to homelessness and a lack of stability. The pervasive societal response involves using these girlsasnegative case studies, severing familial ties, and imposing prohibitions on social interactions with pregnant girls. Parents within the community actively discourage their children from befriending or assisting pregnant individuals, perpetuating a cycle of isolation and vulnerability

This discrimination and stigma not only impact young mothers but also create an environment where they are susceptible to exploitation by predators. The quest for a better life and the need to support their children can leave these young mothers in precarious situations, making them vulnerable to individuals who may take advantage of their vulnerability

➢ Supportsystem

The lines of support and dependency were unclear, given that these young girls were often the primary earners in their households and had experienced sexual assaultwhileengagedin work or job-seeking activities. In the context ofmarriage,themajorityofmarriedgirlsrelied on support from their partners. Regrettably, some endured miserable situations involving gender-based violence, and the fear of abandonment prevented them from leaving such circumstances. Returning to their parents became a daunting prospect, driven by the fear of encountering prejudice and stigmatisation, especially as they would be coming home with oneormorechildren.

➢ Educated&Noteducatedcases

When we delved into the educational backgrounds of the girls, a stark disparity emerged between their ages and corresponding educational levels in the Kyaka II refugee settlement. In Uganda, the education curriculum spans 16 years, covering nursery classes through A levels( senior 6 or grade 12). However, the registration process from transit settlements to final settlements, lasting weeks to months for refugees, poses challenges, particularly for young students who face prolonged interruptions in their education, with some never returningtoschool.

Refugee children encounter setbacks upon arrival in thesettlement,oftenresultinginagrade regression for language proficiency reasons. Additionally, underprivileged girls face barriers to education due to traditional norms and societal expectations, such as the belief that "the place of awomanisinthekitchen."Thelossofoneorbothparentsatanearlyage,combined with poverty, further hampers access to education. Unfortunate circumstances, such as the loss of income sources and family separation during conflicts, render some girls unable to resumeschoolinguponsettlingintherefugeesettlement.

12 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

DM

While some fortunate girls manage to return to school, they often find themselves repeating classes they had previously completed. However, the passage of time has seen them grow physically, mentally, and emotionally, presenting different needs as teenagers. This divergence makes it challenging for them to connect and relate to younger students in their classrooms, leading to increased dropout rates. Many opt for apprenticeship skills instead, navigatingadifferenteducationalpathwithinthesettlement.

➢ Dreamsandgoalsforthefuture

Individualaspirationsareinherentlyshapedbyone'sknowledge,exposuretodiverserealities, and the stories theyhaveencountered.Amongthegirlsweengagedwith,27hadnotreceived formal education, while 81.4% had spent at least two years or more in school, with some recently discontinuing their studies. It became evident that the majority of educated girls harboured a keen desire to pursue further education if they had support in caring for their babies. Specifically, 33.6% had completed primary 2, 56.5% hadprogressedbeyondprimary 3, reaching the final year of primary school (P7), and 9.92% were engaged in secondary schooleducation.

Despite their varied career aspirations—nursing, medicine, teaching, law enforcement, and interpretation—these dreams, hopes,andprioritiesunderwentsignificantchangesduetotheir pregnancies. Regrettably, among all the pregnant girls and young mothers encountered,only 27.3% expressed a desire to promptly return to school. They were acutely aware of the challenges awaiting them, including the absence of daycares and reliable caregivers, school fees, uniforms, living costs, and the delicate balance between pursuing education and caring for their children. Their determination was unwavering, emphasizing that going back to school was non-negotiable, even in the face ofpotentialdiscriminationandstigmatisationby thecommunity.

Tragically, some parents deliberately dissuaded their children from valuing education in the settlement, suggesting that it held no worth and that they should await resettlement in the "Bulaya," referencing Western countries. This misguided belief left numerous uneducated young individuals, born and raised in the settlement, facing adulthood with limited educationalopportunities.

➢ Changeindreamsandprioritiesduetopregnancy

The day they discovered they were pregnant marked a profound shift in their dreams and priorities. Once simple young girls with challenging destinieswhodaredtodreamofabetter future, they transformed into underagepregnantgirlsandyoungmothersnavigatingsurvival. Regardless of their educational backgrounds, over 90% of pregnant girls and youngmothers expressed openness and eagerness to acquire new skills such as tailoring, hairdressing, poultry farming, and various crafts. However, time emerged as our most significant challenge. The process of training, securing the first salary or sale, and buildingareputation takes 3-6 months, extending further to achieve self-sufficiencyandresiliencetosupporttheir children.

13 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

Unfortunately, the evolving needs of pregnant girls and young mothers, ranging from daily nutritious meals and medication to baby clothing and a safe place to sleep, pose challenges beyond our capacity to provide. The results indicated that 59.6% of them opted for income-generating activities over education and skill training. Their rationale was deeply rooted in the immediacy oftheirconcerns–asinglemealoftenheldmoresignificancethana lifetime skill, especiallyconsideringtheuncertaintiestheyfaced.Asreflectedinourfindings, their priority was securing daily necessities, acknowledging that survival in the present took precedence over long-term skill development. Consequently, pregnant girls and young mothers expressed a preference for retailing agricultural commodities asameanstogenerate income safely and steadily while simultaneously learning new skills, awaiting safe delivery, andcaringfortheirinfants.

➢ Reconciliationofaspirationswithresponsibilitiesasaparent.

The predominant challenge raised by the girlswastheabsenceofreliablecaregiversfortheir children while they pursued daytime studies, given the absence of daycaresinthesettlement and the commencement of early childhood admission at 3-4 years old. While some parents were open to assisting nursing, others perceived it as a burden, particularly those grappling with the difficulties of supporting their entirehouseholds.Theonlyviableoptionsleftforthe girls were to raise their infants and initiate a small business, which, unfortunately, might impedetheirchancesofreturningtoschoolbeforetheirchildrenreachtheageof4.

➢ Emotionalwell-being

The course of the girls' lives altered on the day theybecameawareorwereinformedoftheir pregnancies, and for many, their worlds were shattered—particularly for victims of rape, assaults, and those surviving transactional sex. This contrasted with the experiencesofthose living with their partners, who were excited to share the news with relatives and friends. Unfortunately, a significant number had no understanding of mental health anditsimpacton them. They often found themselves breaking down more frequently without comprehending theunderlyingreasonsbehindtheiremotionalstruggles.

➢ POVERTY

The refugee population faces various vulnerabilities, encompassing issues related to capital, statutory concerns, nutrition, and land. A quick observation reveals the evident poverty in Kyaka II, from the bustling children navigating dusty streets to aspiring young talents discussing upcoming singing competitions, street vendors, and unemployed middle-aged individuals engaged in conversations about local news before noon. The prevailing looks of desperationandhopelessnessfurtherunderlinethechallengesfacedbythecommunity Capital vulnerability is starkly apparent, with the Ugandan government, in collaboration with international organizations, providing a monthlyallowanceofUGX13000 ($5) to refugees in settlements. This allowance reflects the shift from emergency conditions in the settlement. However, the insufficiency of funds makes it challenging for able-bodied adults, youth, and parents to meet basic needs. Many ventures into citizens' farmland areas

14 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

and military barracks, known as “Rukooba” and “ku ba nationo,” seeking seasonal labour jobs for daily wages or farm products. Theinconsistencyofpaymentandunpaiddaysduring these working seasons lead to parents being absent for extended periods, abandoning their childrenwho,inturn,struggletofendforthemselves.

Statutory vulnerability is another issue, where children bear the responsibility of caring for sick and disabled parents, relatives, grandparents, and younger siblings. Single parents, particularly those who are unaccompanied, face challenges in providing for their children, compelling the latter to become breadwinners at a young age. Unaccompanied childrenassignedtorandomparentsoftenfeeltheneedtoimpressandbeobedient.

Nutrition vulnerability has dire consequences, with young girls being lured by predators offering meals and money This vulnerability results in critical health crises, particularly among infants and young mothers, leading to heightened rates of anaemia and, tragically, the loss of young lives. Inadequate food resources, limited access to essential nutrients, and unsanitary living conditions exacerbate the vulnerability of infants to malnutrition-related complications. Young mothers may struggle to breastfeed and provide optimalnourishmentfortheirinfants.

Land vulnerability poses a significant threat, especially for refugees accustomed to farming and raising livestock. The assigned land for refugee households often proves inadequate for planting enough seeds to sustain a family throughout the seasons. Free land offered to new refugees for settlement becomes a source of disparities when sold illegally among refugees, leading to homelessness during emergencies. Women, considered subordinate to male family members, do not own land unless registered as single parents. Remarriageoftenresultsinthesaleoftheland,leavingchildrenwithouthomes.

The community's perception of early pregnancies is overwhelmingly negative, attributing blame to married girls and their parents based on societal norms. Some girls express a preference for marriage, even in difficult circumstances, to alleviate the burden on their families. Escaping poverty, young girls seek better opportunities and sometimes encounter individualswhoexploittheirvulnerablesituations.

➢ SexualReproductiveHealthandRightseducationathomeandschool

In the aftermath of a case study in Malawi by Dalitso Kangaude, he underscored, "Most societies, including in Malawi, perceive children and VYAs (very young adolescents) as asexual or assume that sex and sexuality do not matter to children" (Kangaude, 2021, p.99).

Despite the expansion of studies on sexual reproductive health and rights, a significant gap persists in our communities regarding discussionsaboutsexualityandreproductivehealth.In Kyaka II, 52.8% of the girls we encountered acknowledged having received information on preventing early pregnancies and engaging in sexual activities outside of wedlock. Unfortunately, the information provided was incomplete, coded, falsified, and often too maturefortheirunderstanding.

Those who received education in schools claimed to have been informed about testing themselves and the importanceof"gettingtestedafteranysexualactivities"and"havingonly one partner at a time," but no further elaboration or explanation was offered. Regrettably,

15 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

those who received guidance from their parentsorguardianswereoftengivenwarningssuch as "Don't play with boys," "Jichunge sana" (Swahili for "Protect yourself so much"), and "Don't prostitute yourself," emphasizing abstinence until marriage. While these lessons are valuable, by the time parents offer advice, the girls have already soughtadvicefromfriends, often receiving misleading information. Critical topics like what to avoid, methods of protecting oneself against sexually transmitted diseases, when to abstain from intimate relations, understanding consent, and knowing whattodoincaseofrapeorassaultarerarely addressedbyparentsandguardians,leavingthegirlsinastateofuncertainty.

Although the Ugandan curriculum has incorporated sexual reproductive health education in schools, the ages of refugee students in primary 3 in Kyaka II range between 9 and 17, and classes do not align with the course when it's offered in primary 3. Another challenge is the language barrier, as newcomer students struggle to comprehend lessons taught in English, whereas their former education was conducted in French. This prompts the question of whether applying Teaching At the Right Level (TARL) for sexual reproductive health and rights education or using visuals in schools might be more effective than relying on grammaticalinstructionthatstudentshavelittleornoknowledgeof.

➢ Contraceptioneducation

The predominant challenge in the settlement revolves around the community's mindset regarding the ideal number of children in a family and the ability to provide for them until they reach adulthood. In contrast to thepreviousgenerationwherehavingnumerouschildren and celebrating polygamous unions was the norm, everyone in the community was collectively responsible for children's education and protection in a peaceful environment. However, the current reality of residing in a refugee settlement has necessitated a shift in perspectives.

The health posts in zones offer a range of services, including primary health care, prenatal and maternal child health, HIV and TB services, as well as nutrition services encompassing preventive, promotive, curative, and reproductive health services, regardless of the health posts’ size. Contraceptives, commonly referred to as "family planning," are announceddaily at health posts in all zones and are freely provided for refugees and nationals in the settlement,despiteoperatingonlimitedresourcesdaily

While Bujubuli and Mukondo are health centres with general hospital capacity offering various contraceptives, other zones' posts are smaller andprovidequickandlimitedservices, offering family planning counselling as well as 3 months to 2 yearscontraceptiveinjections. However, over 34% of the girls we reached out to acknowledged hearing about contraceptives but were unwilling or had no plans to use them, influenced by cultural and religiousbeliefs,falseassumptions,andnegativeexperienceswithcontraceptives. In this community, womenareoftentaughtandadvisedtoavoidcontraceptivesduetobeliefs that they cause infertility and dissatisfaction during intimacy. Girls voiced their opinions, asserting that women used contraception for prostitution and cheated on their partners for pleasure. Men in the community were against the use of contraceptives by their partners, emphasizingwomen'sreproductiveroles.

16 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

Certain religiousdoctrinesprohibitedtheuseofcontraceptivesamongtheirwomenbelievers, and those who had been injected with contraceptives were excluded and not allowed in weekly activities and prayer sessions until they disposed of the contraceptives. Women sometimes resorted to using contraceptives secretly, as their partners disagreed with their decisions to have contraceptive implants, assuming it was an agenda to diminish the entire Africancommunitypopulation.

Women who used contraceptives reported terrible experiences lasting months or even years, including prolonged menstrual cycles, difficulty laughing or coughing suddenly due to increased bleeding, backaches, and lower abdomen pain persisting after removing contraceptive implants. Additionally, the absence of pre-testing before administering contraceptive injections and implants has posed significant health risks for women, with somediscoveringtheirpregnancymonthsafterreceivingtheimplants.

Despite the growing population, the settlement is no longer in an emergency state due to conflict, resulting in a reduction of resources and available assistance. Durable solutions are now being sought, as previously offered. The monthly allowance of UGX 13,000 ($5) is barely sufficient to purchase basic needs such as food and medicines, leading to service exhaustion, and there are instances when essential medications like painkillers, anti-malarial drugs, or typhoid medications are unavailable, leaving patients with only panadol as an option.

For instance, the remaining health posts in the 7 posts have a single doctorreferredtoasthe "in-charge" and nurses who tirelessly attend to over 50 patients daily until late afternoons without breaks,explainingthefast-pacedtreatmentandlimitedtimeallocatedtoeachpatient, along with shortages of antibiotics and needed medicines, including short-term contraceptives. Moreover, Bujubuli and Mukondo stand as the sole hospitals in the region, and women are mandated to bring a "Kikwembe" wrap fabric for prenatal checkups. Additionally,plasticwrapsarerequiredforlabourroomsduetoshortages.

➢ Abortionissues

Everyone acknowledges being aware of someone who underwent an abortion, yet no one readily recalls the name of that distant acquaintance who procured herbal concoctions and medications for the procedure. The stigma surrounding abortion has led to a pervasive silence, with individuals avoiding association with such a taboo topic. Abortionisviewedas the gravest sin and crime, and admitting even contemplation of it is avoided. Girls are often advised to proceed with their pregnancies, emphasizing thebeliefthatchildrenaregiftsfrom God, irrespective of the circumstances leading to the conception,includingcasesofrapeand assaults. The children born out of wedlock, often derogatorily labelled as "illegal children," bearthebruntofthetrauma,neglect,abandonment,andsocietalrejection.

Girls resorting to risky abortions do so for reasons extending beyond the fear of discrimination. Many engage in transactional sex for survival, and an unintended pregnancy becomes a threat to their precarious existence. Others seek abortion to safeguard their employment as housemaidsorcashiers,particularlyafterbeingassaultedormolestedbytheir employers or their employers' sons. The decision to abort is also driven by a desire to

17 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

preserve the family reputation, shielding loved ones from shame, and an inability to contemplate the responsibility of providing for another dependent mouth. The consequences of these risky procedures often lead to severe complications, and girls facing suchissuesare rushedtoemergencyunits,teeteringbetweenlifeanddeath.

➢ Long-standinghealthissues

Fortunately, the majority of them faced short-term health issues that necessitated antibiotics and surgical interventions. However, they all exhibited stunted growth, along with their malnourished children. Additionally, some girls experienced anaemia, which adversely affectedtheircapacitytocarefortheiryoungersiblings.

➢ COMMUNICATIONGAP

Parents often express concern about their children adopting the settlement lifestyle, which conflicts with their cultural and religious values. However, they overlook the lack of open communication between parents and children, leading the latter to seek advice from friends, peers, and even potential predators. A notable 31% of girls acknowledged having parents who engaged in open communication, allowing them to ask questions. Some parents sincerely tried to guide their children in the community, but instances of disobedience and rebellionwerenotuncommon.

Critical topics such as sexuality, hygiene, menstruation, contraception, mental health, and self-esteem remain unaddressed, with parents assuming their children are tooyoungtograsp these subjects or expecting them to learn fromfriendsandteachers.Simultaneously,teachers anticipate that children should be educated on their sexuality at home. Single-parent households face additional challenges, as children may feel disconnected from their parents. In cases of abuse or rape, children may fear their parents' reactions, and incidents often remain undisclosed until pregnancy symptoms or STD manifestations appear, putting their lives at risk. Many parents fail to reportincidentsofchildrape,astheirchildrenarereluctant todisclosesuchincidentsforweeksormonths,makingtimelyinterventionchallenging.

➢ SocialCycle

Unfortunately, girls raised by single parents or in polygamous family households exhibited concerning patterns that highlighted the potential dangers they faced. Children from single-parent households, particularly those who had lost one of their parents, expressed a desire for the support and balance that having both parents could provide. In cases where parents deserted their children or misused their allowances on drinking or other pursuits, children often harboured wishes for their parents' demise and planned escapes. The first encounterwithindividualswhoshowedsupportwasperceivedasalifelineorsaviour

One of the most distressing situations involved pregnant girls born out of wedlock, abandoned by mothers who had remarried and were unable to care for their childrenintheir new marriages. In some instances, stepfathers and stepmothers evicted their stepchildren from their homes and exploited their allowances, exacerbating the challenges these vulnerablegirlsfaced.

18 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

Parents expressed their disappointment, highlighting the repercussions of the pregnancieson the affected girlsandtheirentirehouseholds.Unfortunately,manyfailedtorecognizethatthe root of the problem stemmed from the very places where daughters should have been protected, advised, guided, and encouraged to speak up against rape and abuse. The daughters' pregnancies had a profound impact on the family's reputation within the community, leading some parents to make the distressing decision of having their daughters livewithrelativesor,inevenmoreextremecases,disowningthem.

➢ Inclusion

Regrettably, the challenges associated with early pregnancies out of wedlock persist beyond the birth of the child and the subsequent marriage, continuing tohauntindividualsuntiltheir social status transforms, and they become contributing members of their communities. Children born out of wedlock face discrimination alongside theirmothersandaresometimes willingly or unwillingly sent to live with relatives, especially if the mother is remarrying. Girls who were expelled from their family households may attempt to return after giving birth, but not all arewelcomedbackandtakencareof;someparentsinsistthattheyfindtheir places to rent. This situation is disheartening as it compels them to work harder to sustain themselves. In some cases, theyfallintothesamecycle,encounteringmenwhooffersupport andbecomingpregnantonceagain.

➢ Possibilityofregisteringchildrenonrefugeeforms

Refugees are typically registered and provided with forms during transit or settlement, categorizing them as family units, individual adults, unaccompanied teenagers, and children who will be assigned to families as guardians. Challenges arise, particularly in cases of underage pregnancies, where settlement rules mandate both partners tobepresentorprovide a reference letter from the Village Health Teamforprenatalconsultations.Additionally,fora child to be registered at 6 months old, the young mother must provide a birth certificate, which can only be obtained if the name of the father, whether alive or deceased, is known. This situation exposes survivors of abuse and rape to a dilemma, as they are forced to confront the past they wish toerase.Someabusivepartnerspreventtheirchildrenfrombeing registered unless they are added to the form, putting the young mother and their families at risk and creating confusion among local authorities involved in the process, who are otherwise willing to assisttheyounggirl'sfamily.Thelackofinformationregardingthelegal process and where to obtain required documentationfurtherhampersrefugees'abilitytoseek assistanceandfollowuponresettlementcases.

➢ Isthesettlementsafe?Ifnotwho’sresponsiblefortheturmoil?

In the course of our inquiry, we found ourselves grappling with unanswered questions that delve into the safety of the settlement and the root causes of the turmoil within. The complexities of safety in the settlement environment are intertwined with trauma, cultural dynamics, toxic masculinity, and prevailing social norms, including the influence of women inshapingthebehaviourofboys.

19 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

During instancesofillness,womenfacesafetyrisksastheytransporttheirbabiestoclinicsor hospitals at night without adequatetransportation.Thelackofapolicepresenceinsettlement areasresultsinlawenforcementresponsibilitiesfallingon"zonebouncers,"youngandrobust community mentaskedwithcapturingcriminalsanddeliveringthemtothepoliceatBujubuli andSweswe.

The Evening Kalimanga markets, operating from approximately6pmto11pmorlater,have fostered an environment conducive to abuse. Numerous girls involved in small fruit, vegetable, orbreadbusinesses,orthoseassistingtheirparents'enterprises,haveunfortunately encounteredincidentsofrapeorgangrapeduringtheirjourneys.

Regarding educational institutions, schools, while effectively engaging and occupying children for over 10 hours, five days a week, provide a protective shield against thedangers of the streets and negative influences. Regrettably, this protection diminishes during darker seasons, resulting in instances of girls being subjected to rape while commuting to or from school. Theabsenceofpoliceinallzonesexacerbatestheissue,allowingsuchincidentstogo unaddressed.

Religion also plays a role, with superstitiousbeliefsinstilledinchildrenfromayoungageby religious leaders who perceive young girls as individuals preparing for marriage. Thepartial information imparted by these leaders places children at risk, as their inquisitive questions receiveresponsescouchedinquotesthatmaybebeyondthechildren'sfullcomprehension.

3. CONCLUSION

Thesafetyconcernswithinthesettlementaremultifaceted,stemmingfromanexusof cultural,societal,andsystemicfactors.Theneedforacomprehensiveapproachtoaddress thesechallenges,includingimprovedtransportationinfrastructure,formallawenforcement mechanisms,andeducationonsensitivetopics,isevident.Theongoinginquiryhasshedlight onthesecomplexities,emphasizingtheimperativeforcollaborativeeffortstocreateasafer environmentforthevulnerableindividualswithinthesettlement.

TheexplorationofvariousfacetswithinKyakaIIrefugeesettlementrevealsacomplex landscapemarkedbychallengessuchasearlypregnancies,discrimination,poverty,andgaps insexualreproductivehealthandrights(SRHR)education.TheSasa-RDCInitiatives, implementedbyTheIturian,emergeasacrucialefforttoaddresstheseissuesthroughan Asset-BasedCommunityDevelopment(ABCD)modelandappreciativeinquiry.

Theinitiative'smissionistoempowerunderagepregnantgirlsandyoungmothersby providingcomprehensivesupport,challengingsocietalstigma,andfosteringself-sufficiency KyakaII,hostingover125,000predominantlywomenandchildren,servesasthefocalpoint forthistransformativeproject.Theinitiative'sobjectivesincludeidentifyingpractical solutions,extendingsupport,andraisingawarenessaboutSRHR,ultimatelystrivingtocreate positivechangewithinthesettlement.

Inparallel,anexplorationofKyakaII'sdynamicsshedslightonlinguisticdiversity,early marriages,discrimination,stigma,educationalchallenges,andthesocialcycleperpetuatedby societalnorms.Theprevalenceofearlypregnancies,oftenresultingfromrape,underscores

20 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

thevulnerabilitiesfacedbytheseyounggirls.Thediscriminationandstigmasurrounding earlypregnanciescontributetosocialpunishment,homelessness,andisolation,creatinga challengingenvironmentforaffectedindividuals.

Thesupportsystemisunclear,withyounggirlsbecomingprimaryearnerswhilenavigating potentialsexualassault.Theeducationalbackgroundofthesegirlsreflectsdisparitiesand interruptions,emphasizingtheneedforculturallysensitiveinterventions.Despitethe transformativeimpactofpregnancies,theseyounggirls'dreamsandgoalsrevealresilience andadesireforeducationandpersonaldevelopment.

TheexplorationofSRHReducationrevealssignificantgaps,includingincomplete information,culturalresistancetocontraception,silencearoundabortion,andcommunication gaps.Theneedforacomprehensive,culturallysensitiveapproachisevident,encompassing educationalsupport,accessiblehealthcare,anddestigmatizationefforts.

Inconclusion,addressingthemultifacetedchallengesfacedbyyounggirlsandmothersin KyakaIIrequirescollaborativeeffortsfromvariousstakeholders,includingcommunity members,NGOs,andgovernmentalbodies.TheongoingSasa-RDCInitiativesandthecall forcomprehensiveSRHReducationunderscoretheneedforaholistic,community-driven approachtocreatelastingpositivechangeandempowervulnerableindividualsinthe settlement.

4. DREAMSANDDESIGN

Uponthoroughexaminationofsocietalnormsthatstigmatiseanddiscriminateagainst pregnantgirls,attributingittopovertyandtheperceivedburdentheybringtotheir households,itbecameapparentthatfinancialstabilityisintegralforgarneringrespectand self-esteemwithinthecommunity.Recognizingthatimpactfulchangemuststemfromwithin tohavealastingeffect,ourinquirywithunderagepregnantgirlsandyoungmothersunveiled ademandforconvenientandeasilysustainableincome-generatingactivitiesalongwith vocationaltraining.Simultaneously,oureffortsaimedtoprovidethemopportunitiesto initiatebusinessesaddressingtheirimmediateneedswhilepursuingapprenticeshipskills. Theproposedsolutionsencompassadiversearray,includingraisingawareness,facilitating discussionsontabootopicsthroughfocusgroups,establishingyouthinitiativestoengage youngpeopleduringholidays,inspiringdreams,offering"held-hands"emergencypackages, andcreatingacooperative(Co-op)forunderagepregnantgirlsandyoungmotherstoshare stories,motivate,andupliftoneanother

● Raisingawarenessthroughthecommunityradiostation,storytelling,andpamphlets isdesignedtosensitizethecommunityonsexualreproductivehealthandrightswhile educatingyoungindividualsonthebestwaystosupporteachother. Focusgroupsserveasaplatformtodelveintosensitivetopicsoftenavoidedbyparentsor teachers,takingintoaccountcultural,andreligiousdifferences,andagegaps. Communityradioswereselectedbasedonthetargetaudienceandbroadcasttimes, consideringthattheresidentsofKyakaIIrefugeesettlementoftentuneintointernationaland majorcityradiosfromnearbytownslikeFortPortalandKampalaforentertainment.These

21 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

DM

communityradiosutilizeloudspeakersduringtheearlymorninghoursbetween5AMand7 AM,servingvariouspurposessuchasdeliveringlocalemergencynews,conducting preachingsessions,issuingcallsformeetingsandgatherings,advertising,andraising awareness.Ourstrategyinvolvesutilizingthecommunityradioweeklytoestablisha consistentpatternthatthecommunitycanfollow Inaddition,pamphletsplayacrucialrole,especiallyamongtheyoungerpopulation, reinforcingthemessageconveyedduringsensitizationsessions,seminars,andschool meetings.Theseprintedmaterialsserveastangiblereminders,contributingtotheoverall effectivenessofourawarenesssettlementcampaigns.

● TheGirls’Co-opforunderagegirlsandyoungmothersallowsthemtomanagetheir income-generatingactivitieswithbiweeklyrefundsandtheestablishmentofsaving clubs,fosteringsupportforoneanotherincaseofemergencies.Therefundsare drivenbytheprinciplesofsustainability,ensuringthattheinitiativebecomes community-ledandself-funded,therebyenhancingitslong-termimpactand effectiveness.

Engaginginincome-generatingactivitiesempowersyounggirlstotakeinitiativeanddevelop resilience,movingbeyondrelianceontheofteninsufficientmonthlyallowancetocovertheir basicneeds.Initiatingsmallbusinesseswithintheirfamiliarsurroundingscancreateasecure environmentastheyconcurrentlypursuelong-termvocationaltraining,suchastailoringand hairdressing,throughavailableagenciesintheKyakaIIrefugeesettlement.Thecostto provideanincome-generatingactivityforonegirlis$100.Ourgoalistoreachouttoa hundredyoungmothersandinthefuturetogiverefugeewomentheopportunitytoventure intootherincome-generatingactivities.

● The"held-hands"initiativesprovideemergencypackagestogirlsinneedwho cannotaffordnecessitiesduringchildbirth,offeredat35weeksofpregnancytoensure adignifiedexperienceforboththemotherandchild. Theheld-handsinitiativesrepresenteleventh-hourpreparationsofferedtoyoungpregnant girlsastheyapproachthetermofgivingbirth.Thesepackagesincludeessentialitemssuchas babyclothing,afabricwrap,andsoap,estimatedat$50.

Table3:ListsofitemsneededfortheHeld-hands

● Additionally,Youthinitiativescanaddressoverlookedassetsduringholidays,aiming toreducetheriseinpregnancyratesduetoidlenessandalackofoccupation.

RecognizingthelimitationsandabsenceofdreamsamongtheyouthinKyakaII, inspiringyoungpeoplebecomesacrucialcomponent,andtheimplementationof smalllibrariescontributestonurturingtheiraspirations. Inrecognizingthescarcityofresourceswithinthesettlement,weobservedanotable limitation:onlyoneyouthcenterinSweswe.Unfortunately,itslocationanddistancepresent adiscouragingfactorforyoungindividualsresidinginotherzoneswhomaywishto participateinvariousactivitiesandtrainingprovidedatthatcentre.Additionally,community developmentcentresandwomen'sdevelopmentcentrescurrentlylackasufficientnumberof activitiestailoredforyoungpeopleduringholidays,leavingthemwithlimitedoptionsfor engagementandfocus.Establishinglibrariesandreadingclubscouldofferamoreaccessible andinclusivespacefortheyouthtoenhancetheirpersonaldevelopment,seeksupport, inquireaboutSexualReproductiveHealthandRights(SRHR),andevencompletetheir homework.

23 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

5. DESTINY

TheconcludingphaseoftheAppreciativeInquiryprocessinvolvestheexecutionofthe collectivedesign,scheduledtocommencefromJanuarytoMay.Inalignmentwiththe outcomesoftheappreciativeinquiry,refugeewomenwhoplayedakeyroleindatacollection areinitiatingtheSasa-RDCWomen-ledInitiativesinJanuary2024.Theinitiativeswillkick offwithactivitiesaddressingsexualandreproductivehealthandrights(SRHR)awareness, theGirls'cooperative,thehand-heldinitiatives,andtheYouthinitiativesoncewegetthe settlementclearanceandpermission.Regardingourearlierinitiativestoempowerunderage mothersandpregnantgirlsthroughskilldevelopment,weplantopotentiallyentrustthe implementationofvocationaltrainingprograms,suchastailoring �� andhairdressing ✂,to establishedagencieswithatrackrecordofconductingthesetrainingsessionsforyearswithin settlements.Thisdelegationaimstoleveragetheexpertiseandexperienceoftheseagencies indeliveringeffectiveskill-buildingprogramsforthetargetdemographic.

Resources

1. Settlementprofileandstats ugakareg@unhcr.org

2. https://reliefweb.int/map/uganda/facilities-map-kyaka-ii-settlement-kyegegwa-district -uganda-24-october-201

3. UNHCRfactsheets

https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/unhcr-uganda-factsheet-june-2023#:~:text=By%20 the%20end%20of%20June,and%20South%20Sudan%20(18%2C245).

4. VillageHealthTeams

https://thecompassforsbc.org/project-examples/village-health-team-handbook#:~:text =Village%20Health%20Teams%20are%20made,members%20with%20available%20 health%20services.

5. Durojaye,E.,Mirugi-Mukundi,G.,&Ngwena,C.AdvancingSexualand ReproductiveHealthandRightsinAfrica.

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

APPRECIATION

I am deeply grateful to every individual and organization who has played an instrumental role in the fruition of my Initiative Report. Your unwavering support, belief in my dreams, and commitment to thebettermentofourcommunityhavebeeninvaluablebeyondmeasure

Pathy Foundation Fellowship Team: Your belief in my aspirations and steadfast support have been the cornerstone of my journey. I am profoundly grateful for the opportunity to contribute to a communityfarfromhome,guidedbyyourvisionandencouragement

Coady Institute: Your dedication to fostering hands-on approaches to community development and leadership has been transformative. The skillsandknowledgeIhavegainedunderyourguidancehave empoweredmetomakeameaningfuldifference

Government Officials from the OfficeofthePrimeMinisteroftheRepublicof Uganda:Iextend my heartfelt gratitude to Mr Commandant Mugenyi David and Ms Kyesigye Boneconsil for your selflessguidanceanddedicationtobridginggapsandaddressingshortageswithinourcommunity

Family, Pathy Fellows Cohort, and TheIturian: To my siblings, parents, and fellow Pathy Fellowship cohort, your unwavering encouragement and camaraderie have been a source of strength throughout this journey To TheIturian Board of Directors: Chantal Bugasaki andKanyoroBenjamin; yoursupportandcompanionshiphavemeanttheworldtome.

Medical Experts: Dr Heritier Chelo, Dr Likilo, Dr Sulphur, and Dr Collins - Your expertise, guidance, and unwavering support have been invaluable in navigating complex medical issues and addressingsystemicshortageswithinourmedicalsystems.

Resource Persons: Ms Grace Arach and Ms Ashah Mwanga - Your mentorship, guidance, and expertise have been invaluable assets on this journey. Your unwavering support has helped me navigatechallengesanduncertaintieswithclarityandresolve.

I am incrediblygratefultoProfessorRebeccaTiessenfromtheInternationalDevelopmentDepartment at the University of Ottawa, whoseinspirationandteachingsonInternationalprojectsandSRHRhave profoundlyinfluencedmyinitiatives.

Community Resources: Mr Bonheur Mpungwe, Teojen Musafiri, Master Printers Bukere - Your generosity, support, and collaboration havebeenpivotalincreatingimpactfulinitiativesandproviding essentialresourcestoourcommunity.

Organizations: Foundation for Women Affected by Conflicts - FOWAC, Medical Teams International,VillageHealthTeam,-Yourdedicationtoprovidingresources,support,andfacilitieshas been instrumental in the success of our initiatives. Your commitment to communitydevelopmentand welfareistrulycommendable

Sasa-RDCInitiativesTeam:IextendmyheartfeltgratitudetoRachelWafolo,themanager,Christelle Mulanga, the activity coordinator, and Bora Bivao and Vani Kubaho, the logistic managers, for their unwavering support throughout this community initiative Your dedication, commitment, and tireless 25 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom

DM

efforts have been instrumental in the success of our endeavours.Yourcollaborativespirit,attentionto detail, andresourcefulnesshavegreatlycontributedtoovercomingchallengesandachievingourgoals. Thank you for your invaluable contributions and for being integral parts ofourteam,drivingpositive changeandmakingadifferenceinthelivesofothers

To every individual and organization mentioned, and to those who may not be named but have contributed in their own meaningful ways, I extend my deepest gratitude It is through our collective efforts andunwaveringcommitmentthatwecancreatelastingchangeandempowercommunitiesfora brightertomorrow.

Withheartfeltappreciation

TheIturianOrganization

E-mail:theiturian@gmailcom Website:wwwtheiturianca WindsorON,N9A1C5

Sasa-RDCInitiativesinKyakaII,RefugeeSettlement

E-mail:rdcsasa@gmailcom KyakaIIRefugeeSettlement,KyegegwaDistrict,Uganda. 93QV+MG5Kyegegwa,Uganda

26 DatacollectedforSasa-RDCInitiativesAppreciativeInquiryinKyakaIIrefugeesettsettlement,UgandafromOctober2023toNovember 2023

Email: Sasa-RDCInitiatives theiturian@gmailcom DM