The Harvard Crimson - Volume CXLVII, No. 28

The Harvard Crimson The University Daily, Est. 1873 | Volume CXLVII No. 28 | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Tuesday, March 3, 2020

news PAGE 5

editorial PAGE 6

sports PAGE 7

Institute of Politics hosts forum on nuclear energy

Harvard should be a leader in global cooperation and public health

Women’s ice hockey defeats Yale in triple overtime

Bacow Stands by Funding Disclosure Policy Rubio By michelle g. kurilla and ruoqi Zhang Crimson Staff Writers ­I n the wake of federal charges brought against Chemistry department chair Charles M. Lieber for failing to disclose funding from a Chinese university, University President Lawrence S. Bacow said in an interview Monday that Harvard relies upon the “honesty and good faith” of its faculty to disclose external funding.

Lieber was arrested on Jan. 28 for making false statements about funding he received from the Wuhan University of Technology. On Jan. 31, U.S. District Court of Massachusetts judge Marianne B. Bowler required Lieber — a renowned nanoscientist and University professor — to surrender his passport and post a $1 million bail.

Harvard placed Lieber on indefinite paid leave while he is awaiting trial in Massachusetts, according to University spokesperson Jonathan L. Swain.

On Monday, Bacow said it was his decision to place Lieber on “administrative leave” after the federal investigation revealed Lieber’s involvement with China’s Thousand Talents

Plan.

China’s Thousand Talents Plan is a government program that intends to attract overseas researchers and scholars to the country. The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the United States Senate deems the plan a national security and economic threat.

Bacow said that while Harvard has policies that require faculty to disclose conflicts of interest, the University has no way to “investigate” every faculty member to determine whether or not they have “outside engagements.”

“We don’t have subpoena power. We don’t investigate every faculty member to determine whether or not they have outside engagements,” Bacow said. “There’s no way for us to do that, so we rely upon the honesty and good faith of our faculty in filling those forms out.”

“The policy exists,” he added. “But much of the way the University operates, it assumes the goodwill of those who are subject to such policies.”

The U.S. government and American universities have

See bacow Page 4

Urges SBA Probe

By James S. bikales and Kevin R. chen Crimson Staff Writers

Liberal: 41.3 percent

Crimson Staff Writers

Harvard’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences strongly favor United States Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) over other 2020 Democratic presidential hopefuls, according to a survey of FAS faculty conducted by The Crimson.

Forty-four percent of faculty members who took the survey said they back Warren, a former Harvard Law School professor. The tally is far higher than any other presidential hopeful.

U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) boasted the second-highest level of support among surveyed faculty at 20 percent.

A mere three of the 260 respondents said they support President Donald J. Trump in his re-election campaign.

The Crimson distributed its faculty survey to more than 1,000 members of the FAS in late February, polling Harvard’s ­

Conservative and Very Conservative: 1.46 percent

Moderate: 18.9 percent

Camille G. caldera—Crimson Designer

Crimson Staff Writer

The Cambridge City Council unanimously adopted a policy order requesting information on what steps Cambridge should take to prevent a coronavirus outbreak at its meeting Monday evening.

The policy order — sponsored by city councilors E. Denise Simmons, Timothy J. Toomey Jr., and Patricia “Patty” M. Nolan ’80 — requests that City Manager Louis A. DePasquale consult the Public Health Department to settle upon measures the City should take “to prevent an outbreak of coronavirus” and “to minimize the risk to our community if the pandemic spreads to Massachusetts.”

“You cannot turn on the television or go to your email and not hear something about this virus. People are very worried and concerned about it,” Simmons said at the meeting. “A lot of us just don’t know where ­

Inside this issue

Harvard Today 2

to turn, so I think it’s important that we get a report from our city manager through our public health department what they’re doing.”

The order requested that the information be reported at the City Council’s next meeting on March 16.

At the portion of the meeting dedicated to comments from the public, William Hanage — an associate professor of epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health — stressed the importance of a proactive response to the disease.

“We think that this virus can often be transmitted before a patient becomes aware they’re infected, presenting great challenges for control, and as a result, we must be more than proactive,” Hanage said. “This city should expect substantial disruption for potentially long periods of time during the most intense period of transmission, and planning for this has to

See City council Page 4

News 3

Editorial 6

See Rubio Page 4

Plurality of Faculty Support Warren

By James S. bikales and jasper g. goodman

By Camille G. Caldera

See Faculty Page 5

President Lawrence S. Bacow speaks about the recent federal charge against Chemistry department chair Charles M. Lieber in an interview on Monday. Ryan n. gajarawala—Crimson photographer

Very Liberal: 38.4 percent

City Council Adopts Order on COVID-19

flagship faculty on key University policy decisions, pressing issues on campus, and challenges they face as academics. Emeritus, tenured, tenure-track, and non-tenure-track faculty all received the survey.

The 74-question survey garnered nearly 500 responses, though not all respondents answered each question. The anonymous survey, a link to which was emailed to nearly every member of the FAS, was open from Feb. 20 to 27. The Crimson did not adjust the data for possible selection bias.

As faculty head to the polls today on Super Tuesday alongside other Massachusetts voters, the first installment of The Crimson’s 2020 faculty survey series explores the political beliefs of Harvard professors in a highly contentious and consequential election year.

The survey closed before the Feb. 28 South Carolina

In the wake of Harvard Chemistry department chair Charles M. Lieber’s arrest, United States Senator Marco A. Rubio (R-Fla.) urged the U.S. Small Business Administration in February to ensure recipients of its grant programs do not have connections to governments such as China.

Lieber, a renowned nanoscientist, was charged in federal court in January with concealing research funding from the Chinese government and lying to American agencies about his alleged ties to China’s Thousand Talents Plan.

In his letter to SBA Administrator Jovita Carranza, Rubio wrote he is “alarmed” that Lieber was able to advance his research with millions of dollars in funding from the federal Small Business Innovation Research program — which is coordinated by the SBA — while allegedly maintaining ties to the Chinese government.

Rubio urged the SBA to evaluate its grant practices and play an “active role” in ensuring that academics who receive funding from the SBIR and Small Business Technology Transfer programs do not have “improper” foreign ties. Rubio requested that Carranza provide information on its oversight processes to the Senate committee he chairs, the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, by March 13.

The company Lieber worked for, Nanosys, Inc., received 16 awards through the SBIR program between 2002 and 2006 for research into “nanosensor and nanowire projects through his lab at Harvard University,” according to Rubio’s letter. The grants — which came from five different government agencies, but were coordinated by the SBA — totaled more than $5.4 million dollars.

The Small Business Association declined to comment on Rubio’s letter. Lieber did not respond to a request for comment.

Nanosys CEO Jason Hartlove wrote in an emailed statement that his company has not had contact with Lieber in ­

HMS Prof.

Uses AI to Diagram COVID-19

By Viriginia L. Ma Crimson Staff Writer

HealthMap, a Harvard Medical School-developed artificial intelligence technology that can track and predict the spread of infectious diseases, is now being used to monitor coronavirus cases across the globe.

As with previous disease outbreaks, HealthMap — created by Medical School Professor John S. Brownstein and a team of researchers — has helped track reports of the global uptick in coronavirus infections, including in several states across the United States.

Local newspapers and social media posts initially identified early signs of the outbreak before the virus drew international attention, according to ­

See Virus Page 3

Sports 7

Cars zip through a bustling Harvard Square on Monday night at the beginning of a new month.

Ryan n. gajarawa-

la—Crimson photographer

Today’s Forecast

Partly SUNNY High: 61 Low: 44

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THE HARVARD CRIMSON |

March 3, 2020

Page 2

Harvard Today

For Lunch Chicken Tikka Masala Mac and Cheese Hummus and Florentine Sandwich

For Dinner Herb Roasted Chicken Honey - Ginger Salmon BBQ Korean Tofu

Today’s Events Super Tuesday Watch Event Institute of Politics, 7-11 p.m.

in The Real World

Watch the Super Tuesday results from 14 states and one U.S. territory at the Institute of Politics at the Harvard Kennedy School. Listen to Spring IOP 2020 Resident Fellows share their predictions on the 2020 race between 7 p.m. to 7:30 p.m.

Amy Klobuchar Drops Out of the 2020 Race The day before Super Tuesday, U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar (D-Mass.) ended her bid for president after receiving sixth-place finishes in the key early states of Nevada and South Carolina, despite a strong showing in New Hampshire. The senator channeled her support by endorsing former vice president Joseph R. Biden Jr. and urging Democrats to unify.

Emina Cunmulaj: From Montenegro to the Red Carpet Adolphus Busch Hall, 4:30-5:45 p.m.

To kick off Harvard Women’s Week, join the Harvard College Women’s Center and Harvard Albanian Students Association for a talk with model and philanthropist Emina Cunmulaj at Adolphus Busch Hall.

Women, Contemporary Art, and Business Klarman Hall, 6-7:30 p.m.

Head over to Klarman Hall at the Harvard Business School for a panel about public art and sculpture, and femxle artist and curators in the world of art and the current art market.

Chris Matthews Resigns from MSNBC

On a warm day in Cambridge, MA, two Harvard athletes biked through the heart of Harvard Square down Massachusetts Ave. Aiyana G. White —Crimson photographer

Following accusations of inappropriate comments, MSNBC anchor Chris Matthews resigned, issuing a public apology for sexist remarks. Although he planned to retire after the elections, his early exit was surprising to many media observers.

Daily Briefing In the wake of Chemistry chair Charles M. Lieber’s January arrest, University President Lawrence S. Bacow said Harvard primarily relies on faculty’s “good faith” disclosure efforts. He added that the University does not have subpoena power, or the power to individually examine faculty member. In other news, U.S. Senator Marco A. Rubio (R-Fla.) asked the Small Business Administration to review a Lieber-connected grant program.

Around the Ivies Dartmouth An employee of the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center tested positive for coronavirus, the first positive case in the state of New Hampshire, per The Dartmouth. The employee recently returned from Italy and is in isolation at their home while experiencing “mild symptoms.” The case is considered “presumptive positive” until the Centers for Disease Control officially validates the test. The Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center released a statement that said the hospital is safe, there was no exposure to patients, and there is “no on-going risk to patients.”

Penn

Penn Dems co-hosted an event with Michael Bloomberg’s Pennsylvania campaign on Friday though they have not endorsed a candidate, according to the Daily Pennsylvanian. Bloomberg — the former mayor of New York City and candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination — announced his candidacy in November 2019. The event featured fashion designer Isaac Mizrahi and Philadelphia city councilman Mark Squilla, who spoke on Bloomberg’s behalf. A crowd of about 30 locals, Bloomberg staffers, and a few members of Penn Dems attended the event.

Princeton

More than half of respondents in a poll conducted by the Daily Princetonian indicated that they were “considering” voting for Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., or Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass, in the Democratic presidential primary. Specifically, 38.8 percent of respondents listed Sanders as their top-choice candidates, while 22.6 percent listed Warren. The same poll showed that 88.2 percent of students who self-identified as conservative” felt either “somewhat” or “very” judged on campus for their beliefs. The paper received 578 responses — about 11 percent of the undergraduate student body — to a poll conducted via Google Forms. The poll ran from Feb. 24 to Feb. 28.

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Copyright 2019, The Harvard Crimson (USPS 236-560). No articles, editorials, cartoons or any part thereof appearing in The Crimson may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the President. The Associated Press holds the right to reprint any materials published in The Crimson. The Crimson is a non-profit, independent corporation, founded in 1873 and incorporated in 1967. Second-class postage paid in Boston, Massachusetts. Published Monday through Friday except holidays and during vacations, three times weekly during reading and exam periods by The Harvard Crimson Inc., 14 Plympton St., Cambridge, Mass. 02138 Weather icons made by Freepik, Yannick, Situ Herrera, OCHA, SimpleIcon, Catalin Fertu from flaticon.com is licensed by CC BY 3.0.

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Corrections The Harvard Crimson is committed to accuracy in its reporting. Factual errors are corrected promptly on this page. Readers with information about errors are asked to e-mail the managing editor at managingeditor@thecrimson.com.

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THE HARVARD CRIMSON | March 3, 2020

School of Public Health Hosts COVID-19 Forum

By Helen He and Alex M. koller Contributing Writers

P ublic health experts convened to share information, updates, and advice for the public on the recent coronavirus outbreak during a Monday forum at the Harvard School of Public Health.

Health care journalist Elana Gordon moderated the forum, which featured in-person panelists Paul D. Biddinger, the medical director of emergency preparedness at Massachusetts General Hospital, and School of Public Health professors Marc Lipsitch and Winnie Chi-Man Yip. Hilary D. Martson, a policy advisor at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, joined the forum remotely via video call in place of NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, who was originally slated to speak.

Coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, broke out in Wuhan, China, at the end of last year.

More than 90,000 cases have been reported worldwide, and more than 3,000 people have died from the illness. Harvard restricted travel to Italy and Iran Saturday amid an outbreak of COVID-19 cases in the two countries. The University previously instituted travel restric­

tions to China and South Korea.

Yip, who also serves as faculty director of the China Health Partnership at the School of Public Health, discussed the Chinese government’s response to the outbreak at the event.

“China has been, I would call it, in a firefighting mode — locking down Wuhan, imposing very, very strict travel bans across the entire country, extending the Chinese New Year holiday,” Yip said. She added that these strategies were consistent with expert recommendations at the time.

The panelists stressed the importance of expanding testing capacity to combat the outbreak.

“Testing is really the biggest barrier we face,” Biddinger said.

“I think trying to make sure we can know who does and who doesn’t potentially have the virus is going to be one of the most significant challenges in the healthcare system.”

Martson argued that, given the long time frame required to develop new vaccines, public health measures may be the most reliable and timely responses in the interim.

“If everything moves as quickly as possible, the soonest that it could possibly be would be around one and a half to two years — that still might be very optimistic,” Martson said.

Lipsitch identified two “es-

sential” pieces of information researchers are focusing on to better understand COVID-19 transmission: the role children play in spreading the virus and the number of undetected cases.

Toward the end of the forum, the panelists emphasized the importance of cooperation and empathy over division in response to public fears and instances of racism in wake of the pandemic. “We are all in this together,” Biddinger said. “We should be grateful for actions of the Chinese, the Italians, others who have delayed some of the spread to help us respond.”

“We should all recognize that we have a stake in responding effectively together, and that’s true in our neighborhoods as well as in the country and our global perspective,” he added.

Throughout the event, panelists reminded the audience of the level of uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 and urged them to be prepared for both progress and persisting unknowns.“I don’t think there is an easy yes-or-no answer to the question of whether we are prepared,” Biddinger said in an interview after the event. “I think we are absolutely more prepared in the healthcare system than we have ever been and we are building on decades of work, but we also have real capacity constraints.”

Virus From Page 1

HMS Professor Uses A.I. to Map Coronavirus Outbreak Brownstein. The technology collects similar local data and uses it to create an extensive, publicly-available map of the outbreak.

The system updates in real-time as it collects and processes data from the web. Researchers with HealthMap have partnered with organizations including the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“It provides situational awareness so we get insights globally into what’s happening,” Brownstein said.

Brownstein said the system’s goal is not only to identify cases, but also to gather information on the public perception of disease outbreaks.

“The social media mining provides us with a perspective on how the population’s reacting to coronavirus and also rumors that people have around the disease,” Brownstein said.

Brownstein founded HealthMap in 2006 with a team of epidemiologists, researchers, and software developers.

Using novel sources of information, including Google searches, social media posts,

blogs, and chat room inquiries, the technology identifies markers of various infectious diseases and collects data for researchers and government agencies.

The social media mining provides us with a perspective on how the population’s reacting to coronavirus.

John S. Brownstein HMS Professor

Brownstein said the team created HealthMap to provide clear information on the progression of diseases.

He added that it has proven effective in mapping many outbreaks over the past decade, such as swine flu and ebola.

“It was very challenging to get an accurate picture of what was happening around the world in terms of infectious diseases. Either we didn’t know about events, or govern-

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ments weren’t really reporting them, or it was information that was locked in a whole bunch of different information streams,” he said.

Using a combination of machine learning and crowdsourcing, HealthMap uses information from the web that epidemiologists do not typically use to track diseases, according to Brownstein.

“If you could organize that sort of information — scrape it, tag it, process it, and remove the noise — you could provide a view of emerging outbreaks in a way that hadn’t been shown before,” Brownstein said.

Brownstein added that the system can help researchers create complex projections on how diseases may spread.

“When a big event is identified, we spend a lot of time developing, tracking, and building situational awareness, and then feeding that data to make projections, whether that’s through connecting that data to transportation networks or understanding population mobility. So feeding that information to help to form projections of risk,” he said. virginia.ma@thecrimson.com

THE HARVARD CRIMSON |

March 3, 2020

Page 4

Rubio From Page 1

Bacow From Page 1

Sen Rubio Writes to SBA

Bacow Stands by City Council Passes Disclosure Policy Order on COVID-19

in “over a decade,” and that Lieber has made “no contributions” to Quantum Dot technology, the sole piece of technology the company has been developing since 2013.

“Nanosys licensed nanowire IP from Harvard developed

by Dr. Lieber which we attempted to develop in the early days of the company,” Hartlove wrote.

“We divested the nanowire IP and any remaining assets from that program in 2013.”

Rubio also wrote in the letter requesting the probe that he believes universities need to appropriately vet their faculty, who are “competing and bidding for these government resources.”

“I am also concerned about the seeming lack of appropriate due diligence on the part of Harvard University to assess the ties their professors have with foreign entities,” Rubio wrote.

“It is imperative that the

SBA is playing an active role, to the extent possible, in ensuring this due diligence occurs.”

University spokesperson Jonathan L. Swain declined to comment on Rubio’s letter.

According to experts, Lieber’s arrest is part of an ongoing crackdown by the United States government and American universities on “academic espionage,” the transfer of academic research at American universities to foreign governments.

Harvard has placed Lieber on “indefinite” paid administrative leave and is cooperating with federal authorities while it conducts its own review of his conduct, according to Swain.

Lieber was released from jail on $1 million bail on Jan. 31, but he remains barred from Harvard’s campus until further notice. james.bikales@thecrimson.com kevin.chen@thecrimson.com

recently launched investigations into “academic espionage” by faculty members, especially in connection with the Chinese government.

On Feb. 11, the U.S. Department of Education launched an investigation into Harvard over its foreign funding from the governments of China, Iran, Russia, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia.

Bacow said Monday that Harvard appropriately disclosed its foreign gifts, contracts, and grants “in a timely way” and in compliance with the law. He said the University is currently working on a response to the Education Department probe.

Bacow noted that there are a “variety of ways” in which Harvard safeguards its intellectual property, including filing patents and seeking judicial protections. He said the University does not conduct “classified research” and that all of the research the school does is ultimately published.

In the interview, Bacow said ­

City council From Page 1

he will continue to emphasize the importance of collaborating with “peers throughout the world.”

I think it’s important that we work with other institutions.

Lawrence S. Bacow University President

“I think that it’s important that we work with other institutions,” he said. “It’s important that we be open to students coming from throughout the world. It’s important that we engage with faculty and scholars in different parts of the world.

This is, in fact, how we succeed in addressing some of the greatest challenges that we confront.” michelle.kurilla@thecrimson.com jasper.goodman@thecrimson.com

happen now — including support for the most vulnerable in our community.”

Hanage also referenced research from Marc Lipsitch — another epidemiologist at HSPH— who estimated that around 40 to 70 percent of the world’s population will become infected.

“With optimistic estimates of the mortality rate, that would translate to dozens of deaths in Cambridge alone, with many more severely ill and hospitalized,” Hanage told the council.

“We have a very narrow window to prepare — hopefully as much as months, but maybe as little as weeks, and you should act accordingly,” Hanage added.

Nolan told the other councilors she hoped the city could work with Hanage on its response to the virus.

“I really encourage us, if it’s appropriate, for us to reach out to people like him,” Nolan said.

“I think if our Department of ­

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Public Health can be put in touch with him and include him in whatever work that we’re doing to ensure that we understand where this is going, it seems like that’s exactly the kind of resource that we are so lucky to have in the city,” she added.

Councilor Quinton Y. Zondervan said he is planning to hold a Health and Safety committee hearing to distribute more information on preparedness.

“We have to use all the channels of communication to make sure that people know what they can and should be doing to get ready, and really the simplest way to boil it down is personal hygiene, wash your hands, and be prepared,” Zondervan said.

“Have a plan for how you would stay at home and conduct your work if there was a quarantine for an extended period of time,” he added. camille.caldera@thecrimson.com

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THE HARVARD CRIMSON | March 3, 2020

Faculty From Page 1

Faculty Support Warren in Bid primary, which former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. won handily. Businessman Tom Steyer, former South Bend, Ind., Mayor Peter P. M. Buttigieg ’04 and Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) have dropped out of the race in the days since the survey closed. ­

SUPPORT Beyond the top-line results, The Crimson’s survey provided insight into the faculty’s political views along a variety of demographic lines.

According to the survey, Sanders is less popular among the top and bottom faculty income brackets. The longtime Vermont senator has support from just 9.7 percent of faculty members who earn north of $250,000 per year from the University. He holds the support of 9.1 percent of those who earn $40,000 per year or less from Harvard. He finds his strongest support among faculty members who earn between $41,000 and $65,000, with 37.8 percent of respondents in that income bracket expressing their support.

Warren and Sanders received strong support among surveyed faculty aged 25 to 35, at 41 percent and 35 percent, respectively. Fifty-one percent of respondents aged 36 to 45 favored Warren, while Sanders came in second in that age bracket at 21 percent. Support for the pair of progressives waned among faculty over 65, with Warren at 38 percent and Sanders at a mere 8 percent.

Buttigieg, meanwhile, placed second among the oldest age bracket, receiving 19 percent of respondents’ support.

In addition to indicating support for Warren on The Crimson’s survey, FAS faculty also backed her with their wallets

more than any other candidate in 2019, according to an analysis of Federal Elections Commission data conducted by The Crimson.

The Crimson cross-referenced all faculty members with FAS in their title in the Harvard Connections database with contributors who listed Harvard as their employer in 2019 FEC filings. According to that analysis, Warren received at least $19,666.59 from at least 28 Harvard faculty members. In 2019, Buttigieg — who dropped out of the Democratic race Sunday night — came in second with at least $7,091 in donations from FAS faculty.

An overwhelming majority of faculty members who took the survey broadly characterized their political leanings as “liberal” or “very liberal” — forty-one percent of faculty responded they are “liberal,” and 38 percent said they are “very liberal.” Just four professors identified themselves as “conservative” or “very conservative.” A similar survey of the faculty in 2018 also found that the vast majority of respondents identified as “liberal” or “very liberal,” and a similarly large majority reported that they voted for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.

ELECTABILITY Despite indicating in large numbers that they planned to vote for Warren, faculty survey respondents were divided over which Democratic candidate they believe is most electable.

The plurality of respondents, 30 percent, ranked Sanders as the “most likely to beat candidate President Donald Trump” on a question which garnered 246 responses.

A combined 53 percent of faculty believed one of the can-

didates on the left wing of the ideological spectrum — either Sanders or Warren — would be most likely to win in the general election. Former New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, who will appear on Democratic primary ballots for the first time Tuesday, ranked third on electability among surveyed faculty at 17 percent, followed

by Biden at 11 percent.

Opinions on electability also diverged along lines of age. Fifty-six percent of respondents aged 25 to 35 believed Sanders to be the most electable, while only 14 percent of respondents aged over 65 felt the same. A plurality of surveyed faculty over 65 believed Bloomberg to be the most electable, at 31 percent.

Nationally, Democratic primary voters say electability is one of the most important factors in selecting a nominee to face Trump in the general election. Just four major candidates — Warren, Sanders, Biden, and Bloomberg — remain in the Democratic race ahead of today’s pivotal Super Tuesday contests.

METHODOLOGY For its 2020 Faculty Survey, The Crimson collected electronic responses through Qualtrics, an online survey platform, from Feb. 20 to 27, 2020. A link to the anonymous survey was sent to 1,341 FAS and SEAS faculty members through emails sourced in October 2019 from Harvard directory information. The pool included individuals on Harvard’s Connections database with FAS titles, including emeritus, tenured, tenure-track, and non-tenuretrack faculty.

Of those faculty, 476 accessed the link to the survey.

A total of 416 participants an-

swered at least one question, while 263 participants completed every question in the survey.

To prevent participants from accidentally taking the survey more than once, The Crimson enabled Qualtrics’ browser cookie functionality to register unique survey sessions on each device. This device data is controlled by Qualtrics, and The Crimson does not retain information that could identify devices accessing the survey with anonymous responses.

In an effort to check for response bias, The Crimson compared respondent demographics with publicly available information on faculty demographics provided by the University — information regarding gender, minority background, SEAS affiliation, and ladder versus non-ladder status. Overall, respondent demographics tracked with faculty demographics.

Of survey respondents, 41 percent identified themselves as women and 20 percent identified themselves as minorities.

Based on data in the 2019 FAS Dean’s Annual report, women and minorities make up 39 percent and 24 percent of FAS ladder faculty, respectively.

According to the Dean’s report, 41 percent of the FAS were non-ladder faculty — a term synonymous with non-tenuretrack faculty. By contrast, 39 percent of respondents to The Crimson’s survey identified themselves as non-ladder faculty. Of faculty who were sent the link to the survey, 127 — or 9 percent — are affiliated with SEAS. In comparison, of respondents who indicated their divisional affiliation on the survey, 7 percent reported an affiliation with SEAS. james.bikales@thecrimson.com jasper.goodman@thecrimson.com

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IOP Hosts Forum Nuclear Energy

By Natalie L. kahn contributing writer

Former U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest J. Moniz and former Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel B. Poneman ’78 discussed the importance of nuclear energy in an event moderated by Harvard Kennedy School Professor Meghan L. O’Sullivan at the Institute of Politics Monday night.

Moniz, an MIT physics professor who served as Energy Secretary during the second term of the Obama administration, and Poneman, who served as the department’s deputy secretary during the Obama administration, spoke about nuclear energy as an essential power source.

Moniz said nuclear energy, in addition to renewable resources like wind and solar power, will be necessary as the United States attempts to move toward a net-zero carbon output.

Both Moniz and Poneman said carbon reductions through the use of renewable energy alone are not sufficient for current energy demands.

Moniz cited California as an example of the infeasibility of relying on renewable resources alone, with not enough wind and sun to generate adequate renewable energy in the state yearround.

“We just don’t have [storage] today in renewables,” Moniz said. “We do have it today in natural gas.”

Poneman spoke about his belief in nuclear energy as a potential solution to energy demands as well as multiple other national and international issues.

“There’s serious interest – a bipartisan interest – in promoting nuclear energy as a response to climate change and also as a response to the need for ­

U.S. leadership on other issues we’ll talk about, like national security and non proliferation,” Poneman said. “But it’s going to be a slog, there’s no question about it,” Poneman added.

Both Poneman and Moniz also stressed the importance of forming coalitions, both internally and internationally, around the issue of nuclear power.

“There are some people who think climate change is a hoax, but they might think the United States needs to be a great leader in nuclear energy because of our global influence,” Poneman said.

“There might be some people who really don’t care about the global world but worry about the climate change.”

There’s serious interest — a bipartisan interest — in promoting nuclear energy.

Daniel B. Poneman ’78 Former Dep. Energy Sec.

He added that nuclear power in the United States appears to be waning as other countries like South Korea and China increase their use of nuclear power.

“We still have a leadership role to play,” he said. “But the leadership role we want to enjoy has significantly eroded.”

Duncan O. Glew ’23 said he attended the event to learn more about nuclear energy. “This is one of the areas of American politics and government that I’m just not as much of an expert on, and I just want to learn about our energy infrastructure and how nuclear fits into that,” he said.

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | March 3, 2020

Page 6

Editorial The Crimson Editorial board

Op-Ed

Vital Signs of Collaboration

End Bigotry Against Atheists at Harvard

A

s coronavirus, COVID-19, continues to grow, so must global cooperation.

The University announced last week that a group of Harvard scientists will collaborate with Chinese researchers over the next five years to study the coronavirus.

Harvard Medical School Dean George Q. Daley and Zhong Nanshan — the head of an expert team within China’s National Health Commission — will co-lead the team, which will focus on creating more accurate diagnostic tests, designing vaccines, and antiviral therapies, and will be largely funded by a $115 million grant from the real estate giant and Fortune Global 500 company China Evergrande group.

The transnational partnership highlights the importance of countries and institutions around the world transcending national borders to solve global crises. Though Harvard is an American institution, its role as a leader in academia and scientific research endows it with duties to people around the world.

The collaboration offers Harvard the potential to continue its legacy as a leader not just in the field of public health — going all the way back to the smallpox vaccine in 1799 — as well as in global cooperation.

Researching coronavirus is crucial not merely because it threatens Har-

vard students — who now face University travel restrictions on Italy, Iran, China, and South Korea — nor because it affects Americans — which, as the six U.S. deaths suggest, it no doubt does — but because it threatens the safety of people around the world — sickening nearly 90,000 and killing over 3,000 people.

The collaboration offers Harvard the potential to continue its legacy as a leader not just in the field of public health — going all the way back to the smallpox vaccine in 1799 — as well as in global cooperation.

But in the present, Harvard’s public image has faced criticism — specifically given the scrutiny it has received for accepting foreign funding, as well as funding from morally questionable private sources.

This joint project offers the University an opportunity to demonstrate its institutional commitment to advancing knowledge in pursuit of positive societal transformation. Moreover, we hope that through its involvement with the pandemic, Harvard can help take control of the social narrative of coronavirus.

In light of recent racist attacks against Asians and Asian Americans from New York City to Los Angeles, whoever is helping frame the discourse around coronavirus must remain cognizant of the xenophobia that this conversation has the potential to generate.

Coronavirus cannot become the object of racist rhetoric or a vehicle for racialized and xenophobic policy. The spread of such a disease must be addressed vigorously, but not at the expense of tormenting and ostracizing our neighbors.

Writing of the reports of stigma

around the world related to the virus, Dean of the College Rakesh Khurana wrote in an email to college students, “That is not who we are at Harvard, and I

Coronavirus cannot become the object of racist rhetoric or a vehicle for racialized and xenophobic policy. The spread of such a disease must be addressed vigorously, but not at the expense of tormenting and ostracizing our neighbors. ask you to join me in ensuring that everyone in our community is treated with respect and dignity.”

That call shouldn’t just concern our campus community, but the global one we are a part of and to which Harvard as an institution of knowledge production and social influence is so deeply responsible.

Cooperation across borders — regardless of trade wars and whatever other sources of stigma might prevail — must continue.

We applaud Nanshan and Daley for their leadership toward that end.

This staff editorial solely represents the majority view of The Crimson Editorial Board. It is the product of discussions at regular Editorial Board meetings. In order to ensure the impartiality of our journalism, Crimson editors who choose to opine and vote at these meetings are not involved in the reporting of articles on similar topics.

Column

Why “Clean” Eating Can Really Be Toxic

C

urrently, there are over 46 million posts on Instagram tagged “#cleaneating”. Many of them come from accounts dedicated to health and fitness, whose administrators adhere to a dizzying array of diets: vegan, keto, paleo, Mediterranean, and raw being the most common examples.

There is no formal definition for clean eating, but that hasn’t stopped people from using the term. It actually seems like tangible guidelines are beside the point; clean eating isn’t really about what you eat so much as how you feel about it.

According to its evangelists, clean eating is a way to feel good — it relies on the assumption that diet has an impact on mental health.

What you eat undoubtedly has an impact on your brain, as numerous scientific studies have confirmed. However, a fixation on eating healthily isn’t necessarily a good thing. In fact, the clean eating trend, along with “cleanses” and similar fads, may be contributing to a rise in a little-known condition called orthorexia.

Orthorexia is essentially an obsession with eating “pure” foods. It comes from “ortho”, meaning right or correct, and “orexia”, meaning appetite. It hasn’t yet been officially recognized as an eating disorder by the American Psychiatric Association; the name was only coined in 1997 when Dr. Steven Bratman, a physician from California, wrote an essay detailing observations of his health-obsessed patients.

“Orthorexia begins innocently enough,” Bratman wrote. “But … Over time, what they eat, how much, and the consequences of dietary indiscretion come to occupy a greater and great-

er proportion of the orthorexic’s day.”

Eventually, “the sufferer spends most of his time planning, purchasing and eating meals. The orthorexic’s inner life becomes dominated by efforts to resist temptation, self-condemnation for lapses, self-praise for success at complying with the self-chosen regime, and feelings of superiority over others less pure in their dietary habits.”

I’m well-acquainted with orthorexia; there was a time in my life when I displayed many of the symptoms. It was difficult for me to eat foods that I deemed “unclean” without an anxiety-inducing level of guilt.

On days when I only ate acceptable foods, or hadn’t eaten much at all, I felt almost euphoric; on days when I had “messed up,” I tormented myself with

The clean eating trend, along with “cleanses” and similar fads, may be contributing to a rise in a little-known condition called orthorexia. disparaging thoughts about my weight and health.

I’m hardly the only one who’s experienced this; I’ve been surrounded by them my whole life, from athletes who cut out entire food groups to reach “optimal performance” to friends who only eat the lower-calorie versions of the food they actually want to eat. I often wonder if, in the absence of an ever-present diet culture, these problems would still exist.

What started out as something positive — encouraging people to eat well — has morphed into an environment wherein people are encouraged to disregard their mental and physical health in pursuit of sketchy dietary advice.

W

hen Harvard Law Professor Adrian C. Vermeule ’90 made a lame attempt at humor by tweeting that principled conservatives would be “[t]he very first group [headed] for the camps” under a post-Trump liberal regime, critics condemned him for trivializing the Holocaust. They did so even though he did not mention the Holocaust and even though he might just as easily have had in mind the camps in which Japanese Americans were interned during World War II or those in which the People’s Republic of China is confining the Uighurs today. A joker who comes anywhere near the Holocaust does so at his peril.

But a few months earlier, when Vermeule took dead aim at atheists, the critics were silent. In defense of state laws that forbid atheists from holding public office or serving on juries, he tweeted that they are “sensible” because atheists “can’t be trusted to keep an oath.” This wasn’t an inadvertent insult, like his tweet about “camps” may have been; Vermeule demeaned atheists intentionally. The critics were silent because bigots enjoy far greater freedom to slander atheists than any other minority group.

If Vermeule had said the same thing about laws in Southern states depriving African Americans of the right to hold public office and to serve on juries, the uproar would have been deafening.

When I say sketchy, I literally mean inaccurate; a lot of the diets touted by health-food bloggers as “clean” aren’t even beneficial and might even be harmful. For example, it’s true that on the whole, vegans seem to live longer than non-vegans, but that might also be because their diets are generally higher in vegetables. People who eat an omnivorous diet high in whole-grains and fibrous foods can be just as healthy as vegans — perhaps more so, since they have to worry less about vitamin deficiencies.

Keto diets are great for losing weight, but staying on them for too long might mean that your diet is low in fiber, which is essential for your body to function properly.

Paleo and raw diets can actually be dangerous. And the “diet”, low-calorie, and low-sugar products that dieters love are often filled with artificial sweeteners linked to nasty long-term health outcomes.

The clean eating trend, then, has become less about eating well than needless restriction. I don’t think that the influencers who promote clean eating think that they’re doing anything wrong.

It might be that, despite their best intentions, they have simply tapped into and exacerbated toxic undercurrents in our culture.

Social media is an echo-chamber; trends and ideas are amplified, often without any real thought put into their merits.

Add this to the constant comparison that social media encourages, and disordered dietary habits that lead to restrictive eating — especially ones promoted with colorful, aesthetically-pleasing Instagram posts — can spread like wildfire.

If Vermeule had said the same thing about laws in Southern states depriving African Americans of the right to hold public office and to serve on juries, the uproar would have been deafening. Harvard students would have overrun the Law School and demanded his resignation. Had he targeted Muslims, gay individuals, or Hispanic immigrants, the reaction would have been the same. But even at a university whose students detest bigotry and discrimination, a faculty member who accuses atheists of immorality bears no greater risk of being condemned than one who speaks out against, say, abusive husbands and neglectful parents.

Because bigotry against atheists is common and tolerated, most atheists refuse to describe themselves as such. When asked by polling organizations about their religious beliefs, about 4 percent of respondents say they are atheists. But a clever study conducted by researchers at the University of Kentucky found that people who do not believe in God comprise about 26 percent of the population.

The researchers hypothesized that, because “religious nonbelief is often heavily stigmatized, … many atheists [] refrain from outing themselves even in anonymous polls.” Summarizing the results of a study published in 2016, one author described atheists as the “group Americans love to hate.”

It is all but certain that many Harvard students are closeted atheists. Atheists tend to be far more educated than those who are religious.

According to a 2018 report by the Pew Research Center, 45 percent of atheists and other “Solidly Secular” persons hold college degrees versus 14 percent of “God-and-Country Believers” and 12 percent of the “Diversely Devout.” The student bodies at universities and other places of higher learning also contain mostly young people, and young people are far less likely to affiliate with churches than their elders. Yet, because atheism is stigmatized, many are reluctant to state their lack of faith openly and the influence of atheists is muted.

Because atheists tend to be better educated than believers, Vermeule’s attack on them is also a veiled broadside against education. His assertion that it is “sensible” to preclude atheists from holding elected office and serving on juries further implies that less-educated people are better suited to public service. Why anyone would hold these opinions is a mystery; that a professor at one of the country’s elite law schools does is horrifying. Vermeule’s attack on atheists also implies that religious individuals can be trusted to uphold oaths. But if that is so, one must wonder how he can explain the ease with which Republican members of the United States House of Representatives and Senate ignored their oaths during the impeachment proceedings? The GOP is the party of religion.

Republican officeholders typically wear their religious affiliations on their sleeves. Yet, instead of upholding the Constitution and judging President Donald Trump’s culpability objectively, as their oaths required, they frustrated the investigation, rigged the process in his favor, and ignored the evidence entirely. When push came to shove, their religious beliefs gave them no moral courage. The only exception was Senator Mitt Romney, who was pummeled by Trump and Fox News for allowing his religious convictions to influence his vote. Oh, the irony.

Vermeule’s defense of state laws denying civil rights to atheists is religion-inspired bigotry, pure and simple. It’s time to put people like him on notice that atheists are entitled to respect. I hope that members of the Harvard community will send him this message, loudly.

—Rebecca E. J. Cadenhead ‘23 lives in Canaday Hall. Her column appears on alternate Tuesdays.

—Charles M. Silver is a Professor of Law at the University of Texas at Austin. He was a visiting professor at Harvard Law School in 2011.

helen wang—Crimson Designer

Rebecca E. J. Cadenhead Hangry

By Charles m. silver

Page 7

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | March 3, 2020

Sports

upcoming

games

baseball vs. fairfield 3/6, 12 PM ___________________________________________________________

woMen’s basketball At Brown 3/6, 6 pm ___________________________________________________________

woMen’s lacrosse at bu 3/4, 5 pm ___________________________________________________________

men’s hockey Vs. st. lawrence 3/6, 7 pm ___________________________________________________________

men’s squash individual nationals 3/6, TBA ___________________________________________________________

wrestling eiwa Championships 3/6-3/7 all day ___________________________________________________________

women’s squash individual nationals 3/6, TBA ___________________________________________________________

Men’s Squash

Men’s Squash Wins Second Straight Championship By eliot min Crimson Staff Writer

Ripping a volley down the backhand side, sophomore Victor Crouin watched as his opponent, No. 3 University of Pennsylvania’s Andrew Douglas, made a desperate stab at the ball in the back corner. When his return fell short of the front wall, Crouin turned towards the roaring crowd and thumped his chest in triumph.

Crouin had just come out on top in a grueling hour-long affair that saw him save three game balls to win the fourth game, 16-14, and secure a 3-1 victory for the Crimson in its first seed matchup. It was one of Harvard’s six victories against the Quakers as they beat their Ivy League counterpart, 6-1, securing their second straight national championship this past weekend.

The Crimson ends the season on a 33-match win streak — it has also won its last 19 home matches.

According to Crouin, staying focused during the fourth game of his match, which lasted upwards of twenty minutes, required immense mental strength.

“At some point, it’s not [just about] skills and technique,” Crouin said. “It’s just who wants it the most and who can like deal with the pressure and the mental side better.”

“In that last game, I just told myself to keep going and just stay positive with myself [whatever] the score was, and just keep fighting,” Crouin added.

Crouin’s marathon match was a spectacle on the final day of the tournament, but Harvard’s victory was buoyed by strong performances up and down the ladder. The Crimson had actually clinched the

victory during the final stages of Crouin’s match, when junior Adam Corcoran defeated UPenn’s Wil Halen to secure Harvard’s fifth victory and its championship title.

Senior co-captain Sean Hughes secured the first victory of the day for the Crimson with a 3-0 victory at the fifthseed pairing. First year Ayush Menon, playing at ninth seed, secured Harvard’s second win with a 3-0 steamrolling of his Quaker opponent. Sophomore Marwan Tarek put the Crimson within striking distance of the title with a sweep of his own at the second pairing, giving it a 3-0 lead over the Quakers. Junior Sam Scherl set the stage for Corcoran’s clincher with a 3-1 victory at the fourth-seed matchup.

According to Scherl, the team’s shared sense of responsibility was instrumental to their performance this past weekend.

“With weekends like this, we always take it one match at a time,” Scherl said. “And I think everyone just focused on their match. And we didn’t want anyone to feel like their match was expendable. We wanted everyone to feel like their match was the one that was going to decide it. And I think everyone really took that on and had a sense of personal responsibility. Like, ‘I’m not going to be the one to lose, I’m going to be the one to get us another point on the board’.”

Several strong opponents stood in the way of Harvard’s quest for the championship.

Before facing off against the Quakers, it had to fight its way through eighth-seed Drexel in the quarterfinals and fourthseed Princeton in the semifinals. However, the Crimson efficiently cut their way through

MAKING A RACKET Men’s squash defeated Princeton this weekend to secure their second straight championship. The team ends the season on a 33-match win streak. owen a. berger—Crimson photographer

both matches, securing backto-back 9-0 wins to come into the finals rested and ready to rumble.

“We were really focused on getting every match done as clinically as possible,” Scherl said.

Harvard has experienced sustained levels of success over the past few seasons, but getting to win the trophy in front of the home crowd was especially meaningful for the team, according to Crouin and Scherl.

“I just want to thank all the parents and fans and fans of

Harvard for coming or even watching on the live stream,” Crouin said. “I think it was a very successful event here at Harvard, and it will probably be the highlight of many of our years. It’s not every day that we can play with such a deep crowd and so I think the guys deserve it and we’re really happy to win it home especially.”

The victory at home was especially sweet for the Crimson’s senior players, who just missed out on the title at home their freshman year.

“It’s kind of a cycle for our

seniors, a nice ending to their college squash careers,” Scherl said. “They lost it here their freshman year in a brutal battle and to be able [to come home during] their senior year and clinch it and win a final national championship I think is really meaningful for them and the whole team. So we’re just so excited to be able to perform in front of all our friends and supporters.”

With the victory, Harvard closes out another phenomenal year under the leadership of Head Coach Mike Way, As-

sociate Head Coach Hameed Ahmed, and Assistant Coach Luke Hammond. The Crimson will head into next season as the reigning National Champion for the second consecutive year.

This Friday, several Harvard players will make their way down to the University of Pennsylvania for individual nationals, where they will compete against the nation’s strongest collegiate players. More information will be released closer to the date of the tournament. eliot.min@thecrimson.com

Women’s Ice Hockey

Women’s Ice Hockey Defeats Yale in Triple Overtime By isabel A. levin Crimson Staff Writer

A s the clock wound down in the third period, Harvard held a 3-2 lead over Yale. Then, with 14.1 seconds remaining in regulation, Bulldog senior defender Saroya Tinker executed a ­

shot from the point which Dalton successfully redirected in the air, steering the puck past Crimson sophomore goaltender Lindsay Reed’s shoulder to send the game into overtime.

For the subsequent two twenty-minute overtime periods, Harvard (18-13-1, 15-6-

1 ECAC) and Yale (17-15-0, 139-0 ECAC) fought an evenly matched, scoreless battle.

While both teams fired pucks towards the net, all either sailed wide, rang iron, or were blocked by the goaltender. Neither team incurred a penalty. The contest appeared locked in an endless

MVP Junior forward Becca Gilmore powered the Crimson to a series victory with four goals, including a triple-OT game-winner, and two assists on the weekend. The effort would earn her ECAC Player of the Week honors.. zing gee—Crimson photographer

3-3 tie.

Then, at the 17:21 mark in the third overtime, junior forward Becca Gilmore redirected captain Kat Hughes’ shot into the net, sending Harvard to the Conference semifinals. After over 100 long, hard-fought minutes of hockey, the Crimson emerged victorious.

“We were able to get a quick shot on net, Kristin [Della Rovere] didn’t let up on the play, and Kat worked really hard to get [the puck] out of the corner, and after the shot, I was able to just get up on the net and get the puck and kind of shoot my own rebound,” Gilmore said. “Not a fancy goal but just getting a lot of traffic to the net.”

Gilmore was named ECAC Player of the Week for her combined four goals and one assist during the ECAC Quarterfinals, including the series winner.

The conference quarterfinals this past weekend featured a best-of-three series against the Bulldogs. Harvard went 2-0 against Yale in the regular season, though going into Friday’s game, the two teams hadn’t met since Dec. 6. The Crimson emerged victorious in game one, though it faltered in an overtime loss in Saturday’s game two. Harvard entered Sunday’s game looking to eliminate Yale and advance to the conference semifinals.

At the game’s onset, possession constantly shifted between the Crimson and the Bulldogs as each team struggled to gain the edge on the ice. After a scoreless first period, the momentum shifted in the second when both teams received simultaneous penalties. 48 seconds later, sophomore forward Kristin Della Rovere took a long shot down the ice which Yale goaltender Gianna Meloni batted behind the net. Della Rovere

raced forward, giving the Bulldogs no time to regroup as she intercepted a Yale defender behind the net and stole the puck, wrapping around the backside of the goal and slipping the puck past an open post. The unassisted tally put Harvard up 1-0 with 16:57 to go in the second.

However, 6:25 into the second stanza, the Bulldogs responded with a score of their own. Yale sophomore forward Charlotte Welch skated into the Crimson’s zone before completing a short pass back to fellow sophomore forward Claire Dalton, who was following just behind her. Dalton deftly received the puck and found twine by nailing a hard shot past Harvard goaltender Lindsay Reed.

Welch, who had the assist, also notched three scores in Saturday’s game two.

Penalties characterized Saturday’s contest, with the two teams combining for 41 total penalty minutes.

However, in Sunday’s rematch, the first penalty did not arrive until the final second of the first stanza, when Yale firstyear forward Grace Lee headed to the box for checking. While Sunday yielded only 14 total penalty minutes, the matchup produced three power-play goals.

9:38 into the third period, Yale senior forward Kirsten Nergaard headed to the penalty box for roughing. Della Rovere capitalized on the power play opportunity with her second score of the day, receiving a pass from junior forward Keely Moy and shooting the puck through traffic to put the Crimson up 2-1.

“Maryna [Macdonald] did a great job of keeping the puck in, and Keely just came around the net with the possession and gave me a perfect pass that I was able to bury with a shot,” Della

Rovere explained, adding that, “having the man advantage and knowing you have more time with the puck is very useful.”

The Bulldogs responded less than three minutes later with a power-play goal of their own. After sophomore defender Maryna Macdonald received a two minute minor for high sticking, Yale launched a flurry of attempts in front of the net, culminating in Lee sliding the puck past Reed to even the score. Welch added her second assist of the day on the play.

Harvard’s second power-play goal arrived after Welch went to the box for checking.

With 1:16 left in the third, Moy controlled a pass from junior forward Brooke Jovanovich directly in front of the net and fired the puck past Meloni to give the Crimson a 3-2 lead late in regulation.

However, the game was far from over, as Yale’s late tying goal would send the game into over 42 minutes of overtime.

“There were some very special moments just getting ready to go back out there,” said Della Rovere about the atmosphere in the locker room between overtime periods. “I think that everyone in the locker room knew that we were going to come out successful, so we were just trying to keep the energy high and keep working hard.”

Indeed, the team’s perseverance and tenacity paid off with Gilmore’s game-winning goal.

“That was probably one of the best wins I’ve been a part of in my Harvard hockey career,” Gilmore said.

Harvard will head to Ithaca to face host and one-seed Cornell on Saturday, March 7 at 1 p.m. in the ECAC Conference Semifinals. isabel.levin@thecrimson.com

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THE HARVARD CRIMSON | march 3, 2020

The sights and sounds of Harvard.

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