The Harvard Crimson - Volume CXLV, No. 129

The Harvard Crimson The University Daily, Est. 1873 | Volume CXLV No. 129 | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Monday, November 26, 2018

editorial PAGE 4

sports PAGE 6

op-ed PAGE 4

As Devos changes regulations, Harvard must support survivors.

Men’s basketball lost to San Francisco but was able to top Saint Mary’s.

Curtin: Teach for America is a fundamentally flawed program.

Fryer Earns Econ Honor

HOckey PAGE 6

Harvard Beats The Big Red, 4-1, at Madison Square Garden

Grad Student Murder Solved

By Shera S. AVI-YONAH and ANGELA N. FU

Middlex D.A’s Office Closes 50-Year-Old Case

Crimson Staff Writers

Days after electing Economics professor Roland G. Fryer, Jr. to a high-ranking administrative post in October, the American Economic Association released a statement noting it had become aware of harassment allegations leveled against one of its officers.

The AEA announced in fall 2018 that it was adding Fryer — along with four other top economists including former Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen — to the 2019 iteration of its Executive Committee. The AEA, founded in 1885 for the “encouragement of economic research” and “encouragement of perfect freedom of economic discussion,” is a prestigious professional association for economists in academia, government, and the private sector, according to its website. Numerous Nobel laureates in economics number among its past officers.

The Crimson reported in May that Fryer is being investigated separately by Harvard and the state of Massachusetts over allegations of sexual harassment brought by at least two women. Lawyers for one of the complainants alleged in a statement at the time that Fryer had committed “egregious” acts of verbal sexual harassment targeting their client. The attorneys also alleged that the professor “objectified and sexualized” female staffers in his lab.

Fryer, a rising star in the Harvard Economics department before the allegations surfaced, repeatedly denied all charges of misconduct in a May interview with The Crimson.

He did not respond to requests for comment for this article.

In the Oct. 15 statement — which was signed by the 2018 Executive Committee — the AEA wrote that it recently learned one of its elected candidates is facing accusations of “creating a hostile work environment.”

Though the statement did not name Fryer, it almost ­

See FRYER Page 3

By Iris M. Lewis Crimson Staff Writer

The email and the accompanying petition both reference a host of goals including changes to Harvard’s handling of sexual misconduct allegations. The committee wrote that, while negotiations continue, the graduate and undergraduate students who voted to unionize last semester go without “fair, improved, and stable conditions.”

“Every day that goes by without an agreement is another day

Jane Britton ’67 was studying at Harvard as a graduate student when she was bludgeoned to death in her apartment in 1969 — and on Nov. 20, just months from the 50th anniversary of the murder, the Middlesex County District Attorney’s Office announced they had identified a suspect in the case.

The possible perpetrator is Michael Sumpter, a man the District Attorney’s Office dubbed a “career criminal” in a press release last week. Sumpter died of cancer in 2001 after spending years in prison for committing rape in 1975. He has been posthumously linked to five sexual assaults, three of which also involved the murder of the victim.

Britton’s murder took place early on a 1960s January morning. She had spent the previous night out with her boyfriend and several other Harvard classmates; the group ate at the Acropolis Restaurant, after which the couple went ice skating at Cambridge Common.

Shortly after Britton returned to her apartment, she was sexually assaulted and hit with a blunt instrument until she died. Her boyfriend found her body the next day.

The District Attorney’s Office wrote in its press release that it is likely Sumpter entered through a window, committed the crime, and fled the scene.

Middlessex County investigators said they made headway in the decades-old mystery via new DNA testing and analysis; it is the oldest cold case prosecutors have ever solved.

District Attorney Marian Ryan said in the press release she has few doubts that Sumpter — a man with no previous connection to Britton — is the culprit.

“Today I am confident that the mystery of who killed Jane

See Bargaining Page 3

See mystery Page 3

­

Michael Lackey (1 GA, .968 SV%) stood tall in the net forthe Crimson, making multiple big-time saves. TIMOTHY R. O’MEARA—CRIMSON PHOTOGRAPHER

Storied rivals Harvard and Cornell met at Madison Square Garden for the first time in history. TIMOTHY R. O’MEARA—CRIMSON PHOTOGRAPHER

Cornell opened the scoring in the first period, courtesy of forward Liam Motley’s deflection. TIMOTHY R. O’MEARA-CRIMSON PHOTOGRAPHER

Grad Union Asks For More Negotiations

By Shera s. AVi-yonah and Molly C. MCCafferty Crimson Staff Writers

Negotiators for Harvard’s graduate student union wrote in an email to their fellow members Tuesday that there is “a great deal of distance” between their bargaining proposals and the University’s — a gap they say only additional negotiations will bridge.

The email asked the union’s 5,000-plus members to sign a ­

petition calling on administrators to schedule more half-day bargaining sessions. The email came on the heels of the union’s third bargaining session with Harvard held this semester.

“We have become concerned that the administration’s slow approach to bargaining will jeopardize our ability to reach agreement on a fair contract in a timely manner,” the petition reads.

The union has offered the University 11 additional dates

for sessions in January, according to the email.

HGSU-UAW entered negotiations with an ambitious list of goals totaling 80 items. In an earlier email updating union rank-and-file members, bargaining committee members reported that meeting those goals will likely be an uphill battle. Negotiators took issue with University counterproposals surrounding sexual harassment procedures, among other things.

Law HSPH Turns to Students’ Corporate Money Boycott Pays Off As Federal Support Stagnates, HSPH Profs Funding PAGE 5

Turn to Private Research Funding

By AIDAN f. ryan Crimson Staff Writer

By Luke W. vrotsos Crimson Staff Writer

Researchers across Harvard face a difficult climate when funding their research. Federal research funding, long a mainstay of academic institutions, has been largely stagnant in recent years. Institutional support from Harvard, while present, will never fully meet the needs of often-expensive medical and public health research.

At the Harvard School of Public Health, professors are taking a different path to supporting their research. In increasing numbers, they are turning to

Inside this issue

Harvard Today 2

private corporations for funding and assistance.

While this arrangement offers a new source of much-needed funding, it also raises challenging ethical and management questions for the school.

Michelle A. Williams, dean of the School of Public Health, said last month that she aims to ensure Harvard faculty can compete for outside awards.

“Only about 15 percent of our revenue comes from our endowment. So one of the strategies for the school of the previous dean and myself is to keep our high competitive position for sponsored research [and]

News 3

Editorial 4

After a Harvard Law student-led boycott of Kirkland & Ellis, the law firm announced last week it would no longer require associates to sign mandatory arbitration agreements — contracts that require employees to resolve workplace disputes with employers through an arbitration process, rather than through the courts.

Kirkland & Ellis, the world’s highest-grossing law firm, announced the decision in a memorandum sent to all employees last Wednesday.

“Following a recent review, the Firm Committee has determined that the Firm will no longer require arbitration of any employment disputes that

See Boycott Page 3

Sports 6

Today’s Forecast

voicing visibility

The College Events Board and the Native Americans at Harvard College hosted a discussion on indigenous invisibility on campus. AMY Y. LI—CRIMSON PHOTOGRAPHER

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THE HARVARD CRIMSON |

November 26, 2018

Page 2

Harvard Today

For Lunch Pork Sausage Sub Rosemary Lemon Garlic Roasted Chicken Baked Multigrain Spaghetti

For Dinner Broiled Honey-Ginger Salmon General Gao’s Chicken Vegetable Lo Mein with Tofu

Today’s Events

in The Real World

Diversity Talk Pierce 213, 5:15 p.m.

San Diego Border Crossing Shut Down

Join Dean Doyle and Alexis Spokes of SEAS for a dinner in Pierce 213 during which they will answer questions regarding the latest SEAS climate survey. Make sure to RSVP to ensure a tasty non-HUDS meal!

Migrants recently tried to enter the U.S. American authorities used tear gas on hundreds of them in response. Additionally, the San Diego border crossing was shut down, which is significant considering it is one of the busiest in the world.

E.U. Leaders and U.K. Agree on Brexit Divorce Terms

Discussion IOP, 5 p.m.

The E.U. voted to approve a plan for the U.K. to exit the European Union. Now, U.K. Prime Minister Theresa May must overcome what may be the most daunting task: getting her plan approved by the U.K. Parliament.

Join former Maryland governor Martin O’Malley for a conversation on the trends seen this year in gubernatorial races across the country.

Hop on over to the IOP conference room for an educational conversation with pizza to boot!.

Security Council to meet over Russia, Ukraine

Lecture 48 Quincy Street, 6:30 p.m.

People enjoy the last traces of fall foliage in Boston Public Garden.

The Master in Design Engineering lecture series will be hosting Dr. Ellen Langer, a social psychologist who has publish hundreds of papers and several successful books. She is also the first female professor to gain tenure within Harvard’s Psychology Department.

Daily Briefing

Allison G. Lee—Crimson photographer

The situation between Russia and Ukraine is escalating again, and U.S. Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley has called an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council as a result. Here’s hoping for peace in our time. Our advice: Maybe lighten the mood with some smooth jazz?

Days after electing Economics professor Roland G. Fryer, Jr. to a high-ranking administrative post in October, the American Economic Association released a statement noting it had become aware of harassment allegations leveled against one of its officers. Though the statement did not identify Fryer by name, it almost certainly referred to him.

Around the Ivies Cornell Three drawings of swastikas have appeared on Cornell’s campus this month, the Cornell Daily Sun reported. Two swastikas drawn in dorm common spaces and a third etched in the snow appeared over a nine-day period starting on Nov. 10. Cornell Hillel published a Facebook post supporting students following the incidents which took place less than three weeks after the Hillel held a vigil to mourn the victims of the shooting at the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh. Ryan Lombardi, vice president of student and campus life, stated that the university is taking these incidents seriously and will hold a “support meeting” for students.

Columbia Columbia’s two graduate unions will decide whether or not to bargain with the university after releasing a proposed bargaining framework last Monday, the Columbia Daily Spectator reported.

The agreement contains a clause that would prevent the unions from striking until 2020, sparking disagreement among union members.

The Spectator reported that many graduate students worried the no-bargaining clause would remove the unions’ negotiating leverage, setting a precedent for other bargaining agreements between universities and graduate students.

Others feel that failing to ratify the agreement would halt momentum around the issue.

Brown Graduate students at Brown voted to unionize, with an unofficial count of 576 votes in favor of unionization and 394 votes against, according to the Brown Daily Herald. Approximately 1,250 graduate students working as TAs, RAs, or proctors were eligible to vote in the election held from Nov. 14-19. These graduate students will be represented

by Stand Up for Graduate Student Employees and the American Federation of Teachers.

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THE HARVARD CRIMSON | November 26, 2018

At Panel, Students Talk ‘Indigenous Invisibility’

By Laura C. Espinoza and Lucy Liu Contributing Writers

Native American Harvard affiliates spoke about feelings of “indigenous invisibility” on campus and potential solutions to the issue at a panel last Monday.

The event, co-hosted by Native Americans at Harvard College and the College Events Board, drew students and faculty across the University.

Dubbed “We’re Still Here; A Discussion of Indigenous Invisibility at Harvard,” the panel centered on the personal experiences of some Native American Harvard affiliates who feel left out and overlooked in Cambridge.

Panel moderator and Executive Director of the Harvard University Native American Program Shelly C. Lowe said issues of invisibility needed to be addressed and overcome because of their potential effect on public representations of Native Americans.

“Invisibility leads to inaccurate and disrespectful representations of us in social media, in movies, in history books, and in curricular education,” she said.

Several of the panelists spoke about what they called the burden of having to prove their heritage. NAHC Secretary Kenard G. Dillon ’20 said this challenge often leads him to avoid identifying himself as Native American.

“I actively make myself invisible because a lot of times I don’t want to deal with it,” Dillon said.

Panelist and NAHC Vice

President Anna Kate E. Cannon ’21 said indigenous students often get asked “what percentage” Native American they are.

“That tends to feel like an attack on my identity,” Cannon said. “It feels like I have to prove what I am; I have to prove that what I’m saying is worth listening to.”

Speakers at the event also discussed ways Harvard could be a better place for Native American students.

Several panelists suggested the Univesity take action to more clearly acknowledge indigenous people’s presence both in the classroom and around campus.

Panelist and Ph.D. student Sarah A. Sadlier said she hoped Harvard would continue to hire Native American faculty members. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences hired its first-ever tenured professor in Native American studies, Philip J. Deloria, earlier this year.

Sadlier also pointed to the plaque on Matthews Hall in Harvard Yard, which marks where the Indian College stood, as a tribute to Native Americans that Harvard could expand.

“I do think it would be nice to have a more prominent memorialization than something that people can usually just walk by without grappling with or dealing with,” she said.

Dillon agreed with Sadlier and said Harvard could do more to support Native American students by “making the funds, the resources, the space, and the staff available to cater to Native students.” He said he felt the support he received from

Bargaining From Page 1

Fryer From Page 1

Harvard as a Native American student quickly disappeared after he was admitted to the College.

“I feel like Harvard’s commitment to Natives stops with recruitment,” he said. “It’s all about having the numbers here, and then once we walk in the door, it’s kind of like sink or swim.”

Alex Miller, Associate Dean of Student Engagement and Interim Associate Dean for Diversity and Inclusion, wrote in an emailed statement that the College strives to create an “inclusive community.”

“Harvard College is committed to creating an environment where students can come together to intersect with one another and support and learn from each other,” Miller wrote.

“Harvard College’s goal is to provide a welcoming and supportive home to all our students – and we do this work through our Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) offices.”

“Students play a critical role in helping us achieve the type of inclusive community that we strive to be, and we encourage any students who may be interested in helping us achieve this goal to contact us,” Miller added.

NAHC President Noah Cominsky ’20 said he appreciated that the CEB partnered with NAHC to host last week’s panel during Native American Heritage Month.

“I think it’s just establishing a precedent, particularly in the month of November,” he said.

“It’s nice to have that institutional support that the panelists were calling for.”­

AEA Says It Was Unaware of Roland Fryer Allegations certainly refers to him. None of the other four recently elected AEA officers currently face public allegations of harassment.

And Robert J. Shiller, a Nobel laureate and Yale professor who headed the AEA in 2016, said in an interview last week that members of the AEA sent messages detailing the allegations against Fryer over an internal email list earlier this fall. “We take such allegations seriously, but they are, at this point, just allegations,” the AEA statement reads. “While the home institution will neither deny nor confirm the existence of an investigation, we understand that one is underway, and may come to some conclusions in the not too distant future.”

“We have decided that, before proceeding further, we should wait for those conclusions, if they are made public and they come within a reasonable amount of time,” the statement continues.

Shiller said the committee released the statement because it “has standards of professionalism and dedication to principles that we want to uphold, especially on the board of directors of the organization.”

“I take it as something of a mission that economics serves the public,” Shiller said. “All the statement says in my mind is that we take complaints seriously, but we have no basis to act on anything at this time.”

Fryer is currently the subject of an investigation by Harvard’s Office for Dispute Resolution, which handles allegations of sexual and gender-based ha-

rassment in accordance with the University’s Title IX policy.

Results of ODR investigations are generally not made public.

Because Fryer is a faculty member, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Claudine Gay will receive ODR’s final report, and she will then decide whether to take action.

In the meantime, Harvard has already taken “interim measures” against Fryer. In March, the University forbade Fryer from entering EdLabs — the think tank he founded in 2008 to examine the economics of racial inequality — and appointed Executive Director of Harvard’s Center for African Studies Susan E. Cook interim executive director of the lab. Harvard also required that Fryer copy Cook on all emails he sends to EdLabs staff. A Harvard internal directory still lists Cook as “Executive Director (FAS FCOR EdLabs Staff ),” though her listed address is not in the Massachusetts Avenue building that houses EdLabs.

The outcome of the ODR investigation could ultimately result in punishments ranging from reprimand to dismissal.

Only the Harvard Corporation, the University’s highest governing body, can revoke a faculty member’s tenure. Harvard spokesperson Rachael Dane declined to comment on the AEA’s statement and the status of the investigation into allegations against Fryer.

The results of the probe led by the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination — the state body investigating

Fryer — could become public if state investigators find that the professor likely discriminated against members of EdLabs.

MCAD would then launch a hearing process.

The Commission enforces Massachusetts anti-discrimination laws, which prohibit discrimination on the basis of “membership in a protected class, such as race, color, creed, national origin, age, disability, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, and more,” according to the MCAD website.

The potential results of the MCAD hearing range from dismissal of the complaint to imposition of damages against Fryer possibly amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars.

AEA officers on the Nominating Committee and the 2018 Executive Committee were unaware of the allegations against Fryer at the time of his nomination, according to the October statement. The AEA released its slate of potential candidates on April 27, before The Crimson reported the existence of the investigations into Fryer.

Voting in the election, however, opened on August 1 — roughly two months after The Crimson published its article.

“We also believe that few of the members knew of the allegations at the time of the election,” the AEA statement reads.

The AEA plans to ask all future potential nominees if they are the subject of an investigation. shera.avi-yonah@thecrimson.com angela.fu@thecrimson.com

mystery From Page 1

Grad Union Wants Murder Suspect Named 50 Years Later More Sessions where student workers feel we lack fair recourse on sexual harassment or discrimination, lack job security, are often paid late, or only have access to prohibitively expensive dental insurance,” the petition reads.

The University’s current suggestion is that Harvard and HGSU-UAW’s bargaining teams meet every other week in sessions lasting around five hours until they reach an agreement, University spokesperson Melodie Jackson wrote in an email. Under that proposal, the two sides would meet separately on the off weeks to review proposals and collect feedback.

In an October email to students, University Provost Alan M. Garber ’76 wrote that University administrators anticipate the negotiation process will be “time-consuming.”

Harvard is one of a small handful of private universities — including Brandeis University, Tufts University, New York University, and Columbia University — that have agreed to formally negotiate with their students. Other universities have pursued varying timelines when negotiating contracts.

At Brandeis, negotiations lasted around 10 months, while a 2015 NYU contract took 18 months. In a recent proposed framework for bargaining, Columbia estimated that contract negotiations would take 14 months. Harvard’s negotiation process could prove even more complicated due to the complexity and unprecedented size of the bargaining unit. Until the University and the union rati-

fy a contract, the graduate and undergraduate teaching and research assistants included in HGSU-UAW’s bargaining unit will not see the raises and benefits organizers have long sought in their five-year campaign to unionize — a fact HGSU-UAW

The work of negotiations is a mixture of time at the table and preparation for negotiations away from the table.

Britton has finally been solved and this case is officially closed,” Ryan said in the release.

Britton was a graduate student of anthropology who specialized in Near Eastern archeology. A Crimson article published immediately after the murder noted Britton’s friends described her as “attractive and extremely talented.” At the time of her death, she had already completed anthropological research in France and Iran.

Rebecca A. Cooper ’10, a former New Yorker staff writer currently working on a book

about Britton’s life and death, said many people involved with the case assumed the perpetrator had also boasted ties to the Harvard anthropology department.

“There were elements of the crime scene which looked like a recreation of a burial ritual,” Cooper said. “People thought that it was a direct reference to things that she was studying or that were being taught in class.”

Now, though, the crime appears to be what Cooper called a “brutality of randomness.”

Because Sumpter is already

dead, his identification as a suspect will have few direct ramifications. Cooper noted, though, that finally getting some answers may still provide comfort to Britton’s surviving family.

“I think there is solace in not having given up,” Cooper said.

“After 50 years, they may not have closure — but they do have, hopefully, the mystery taken out of the horror.” Most of Britton’s close relatives are dead, but her bother — a vicar at a church in California — wrote in an email to the Boston Globe that “learning to understand and forgive

remains a challenge.”

“A half century of mystery and speculation has clouded the brutal crime that shattered Jane’s promising young life and our family,” Britton wrote. “As the surviving Britton, I wish to thank all those — friends, public officials and press — who persevered in keeping this investigation active, most especially State Police Sergeant Peter Sennott. The DNA evidence may be all we ever have as a conclusion.” iris.lewis@thecrimson.com

Boycott From Page 1

Univ.’s Law Students Push Firm to Drop Provisions

Melodie Jackson University Spokesperson

highlighted in its petition.

Jackson wrote in an emailed statement that Harvard is “committed to engaging in a process that is efficient and thorough.”

“The work of negotiations is a mixture of time at the table and preparation for negotiations away from the table. It requires sufficient time to examine the impact of proposals and counter proposals and to obtain important feedback and ideas from our constituencies, which include our 12 schools,” she wrote. “The University is actively engaged in this work on a weekly basis but it is important to remember we are starting from scratch and care must be taken in drafting contractual language.” shera.avi-yonah@thecrimson.com molly.mccafferty@thecrimson.com

may be brought by associates or summer associates,” the memo stated.

The Pipeline Parity Project — a Law School student group whose mission is “to end harassment and discrimination in the legal profession” — called for the boycott in a statement posted to their website on Nov. 12. The statement included an annotated copy of an arbitration agreement that an associate at the firm was forced to sign this year and told law students to avoid the firm until they removed the mandatory agreements. “Don’t interview with Kirkland & Ellis until they promise to stop making any of their employees—no associate, paralegal, custodian, or contractor—sign these coercive contracts,” the statement reads.

The Pipeline Parity Project

also organized protests at the Law School during the contentious Supreme Court nomination of Brett M. Kavanaugh, who taught at the school for roughly a decade. The group called on the school to bar him from teaching and organized a walkout and rally. The school announced in October that the embattled nominee would not return to teach his winter class in January. Kavanaugh was ultimately confirmed to the Court.

In their effort to pressure Kirkland & Ellis to remove mandatory arbitration agreements from associate contracts, the student group relied on a Twitter campaign using the hashtag #DumpKirkland.

Alexandra V. KohnertYount, a second-year Law student and member of the Pipeline Parity Project, said she was

“pleasantly surprised” that the firm changed their policy so quickly after the boycott began.

“Never doubt that a week’s worth of tweets can make a big law firm change their 10-yearold policy,” Kohnert-Yount said.

Last April, a group of Law students wrote an open letter calling on the school to ensure that law firms who recruit on campus “protect the rights of their employees” to come forward and seek legal action if they “experience harassment, discrimination, or workplace abuse.” Then in May, Harvard and dozens of other law schools announced that they would require firms that recruit on campus to disclose whether they require summer associates to sign mandatory arbitration agreements or non-disclosure agreements. Those schools then sent

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a survey to 374 law firms asking whether they require summer associates to sign the agreements; almost half of the firms declined to answer.

Second-year Law student and Pipeline Parity Project member Molly M. E. Coleman said that the Kirkland & Ellis boycott is not the end of the group’s activism on arbitration agreements. Coleman, who helped organize the April letter, said the group is planning to organize protests against other firms with the controversial contract provisions.

“I think that in the next few days there will be more about which ones we plan to target next and which ones we have the most concrete information on,” Coleman said.­ aidan.ryan@thecrimson.com

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | November 26, 2018

Page 4

Editorial The Crimson Editorial board

column

Harvard Should Continue to Focus on Helping Victims

Harvard Debate Culture

n Nov. 6, Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos released a new set of federal guidelines under consideration that some experts say may force Harvard to alter its current Title IX policy. The proposed guidelines for handling campus sexual assault seek to increase the rights of the accused and protect colleges from greater liability by limiting the definition of sexual harassment.

These guidelines have fallen under scrutiny for treating university disciplinary proceedings like a courtroom, allowing cross-examination, permitting colleges to raise the evidentiary standard for sexual misconduct, and making the definition of sexual harassment more restrictive.

Sexual assault is one of the most devastating crimes that can be inflicted upon members of our community. It is also one of the most ignored. One in five women will be sexually assaulted during her time in college and over 90 percent of sexual assault victims on college campuses do not report what happened to them. The stakes of this issue could not be higher, and thus we are deeply concerned by the ramifications of these new guidelines.

DeVos seems to be operating under the assumption that there is an epidemic of false allegations plaguing America.

To combat this apparent crisis, her proposed guidelines will give schools the option of raising the standard of proof from a “preponderance of evidence” to a “clear and convincing” one. The Department of Education will also only hold schools accountable for responding to formally filed complaints and violations that occurred on campus.

Yet the problem with campus sexual violence was never the number of mali-

“Listen to me, I go to Harvard.”

O

cious students running around plotting who to accuse next. We do not mean to be flippant — stories of students’ lives ruined by false allegations are heartbreaking. Yet we also know of these stories because they are so rare and often make headlines whenever they occur. These anecdotes are used to drown out thousands of devastating stories of sexual trauma. Both stories matter. Yet DeVos is

One in five women will be sexually assaulted during her time in college missing the proverbial forest of genuine allegations for a few crooked trees.

We are sympathetic to the concern that accused students’ due process rights have been violated. Yet we refuse to buy into the paranoia that this has reached epidemic proportions. Indeed, only between two and 10 percent of sexual assault allegations are false. There are extensive barriers which prevent victims from disclosing their assault, such as societal scrutiny, fear of reliving the assault, and investigators that blame the victim. DeVos’s proposed guidelines threaten to raise these barriers to insurmountable heights, sacrificing victims’ security to fight the too-often fictional scourge of false allegations.

Indeed, Harvard should most fundamentally prioritize the rights and safety of victims. We disapprove of the use of cross-examination in the context of University disciplinary proceedings for sexual misconduct. This would only serve to worsen the trauma of victims and put them under pressure.

Yet though we are concerned by

the policies proposed by DeVos, we also know — pending a required notice-and-comment period — Harvard will have an obligation to obey them. We thus call upon the University to do everything in its power to protect students, even if this requires going above and beyond the expectations imposed upon it by the Trump administration.

For example, Harvard should set the standard of evidence for cases of sexual misconduct to be the previous preponderance of evidence. By choosing to adhere to this standard, Harvard can best balance the concerns of upholding due process and protecting survivors. Harvard should also hold itself accountable for providing academic accommodations to any survivor who requests it, even if DeVos’s standards place no such expectation on universities.

If DeVos has placed a newfound emphasis on the protection of perpetrators’ rights, then Harvard must make its commitment to survivors’ rights equally clear. These two interests must not be framed as incompatible or in conflict.

Harvard now must undertake the difficult but essential task of balancing the two so that all students can freely enjoy its resources, absent the specter of sexual assault.two so that all students can freely enjoy its resources, absent the specter of sexual assault.

This staff editorial solely represents the majority view of The Crimson Editorial Board. It is the product of discussions at regular Editorial Board meetings. In order to ensure the impartiality of our journalism, Crimson editors who choose to opine and vote at these meetings are not involved in the reporting of articles on similar topics.

brian i. choi—Crimson photographer

Op-ed

How to Teach Teachers By mackenzi t. curtin

D

uring finance and consulting recruiting season, I received an email from a different type of recruiter, one from Teach for America. The associate from TFA explained that she had stumbled upon my name on LinkedIn and thought that my work “partnering with a professor to deliver high quality academic content to students” made me a suitable candidate for applying. The email intrigued me, not because I want to do TFA next year, but because it made me think about how programs find and train future teachers.

Recruiting unqualified 21 year-olds with no prior classroom experience via cold emails to teach in low-income schools is a fundamentally flawed approach — and one that highlights the debilitating variability in teacher train-

All teachers, regardless of background, should be provided standard and extensive instructional training before they work ing across the US. TFA accounts for only one of many routes for entering teaching. With these different routes comes a wide variety of training that teachers receive before entering a classroom. That should not be the case. Instead, all teachers, regardless of background, should be provided standard and extensive instructional training before they work in the classroom to better understand what methods most effectively help students learn.

Teachers used to be certified only upon the successful completion of a college undergraduate program. However, today there exist over 2,000 different programs for teacher certification through alternate routes, such as TFA, that are growing in size. There is now

wide variability for teacher preparation programs, and the disparities in the quality of these programs is exacerbated by a lack of minimum standards or regulatory oversight.

Different teacher preparation programs emphasize particular instructional methods. Research from Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark shows the ineffectiveness of minimally guided techniques such as discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching.

There have also been varied results in the effectiveness of explicit instruction.

The efficacy of any teaching method ultimately comes down to the teacher and the type of institutional knowledge and training the teacher is supported by.

Although TFA has noble intentions, its philosophy of recruiting recent college graduates from a wide array of disciplines to teach only serves to perpetuate the issues produced by the lack of standardized teacher training. In 2006, Boyd et al. examined the recent push to lower the requirements for teaching in order to bring teachers with a more diverse set of backgrounds into the classroom. Using data from New York, they separated teachers by their pathways into the profession, and found that new teachers, especially in their first year of teaching, are relatively less effective and negatively impact students’ learning outcomes.

These teachers may lack the training or experience needed to solve instructional problems in real time. Using data from Houston, Darling-Hammond et al. found in 2005 that untrained teachers are disproportionately more likely to teach atrisk minority and low-income students, and that students under the guidance of TFA teachers perform significantly worse on standardized tests. The authors also advocate that more needs to be done for teacher preparation.

These differences in training have real impacts on students — not only on the day-to-day effects of what students learn in the classroom, but also on students’ test scores, achievement marks,

and even potentially the trajectories of their lives. I know that I will forever remember Mr. Siddiqui, my high school math teacher, and the way he made me want to excel in class because of the personal connection he formed with his students. Although he took a nonconventional route to teaching, he was effective at his job because of the training he received. Now he trains other high school calculus teachers on how to connect with their students from the very first day they walk into the classroom. We must take teaching our teachers more seriously by creating a universal system of training; after all, they are teaching the future of our country.

Though critics may argue that standardizing teacher instruction will take away the individuality of teachers, that is not the intention. A teacher’s individual personality is still needed for teachers to connect and grow close with their students. When teachers can make their lessons relevant to their individual students, performance for those students increases. This standard system would serve as a common starting point for teachers, one that they could adapt to match their personality and classroom environment.

Teaching is an incredibly difficult profession; to teach well requires a certain combination of talent, temperament, and training, especially given the myriad ways in which students of different backgrounds learn. But in today’s educational system, our classrooms are too often staffed by teachers who have the right talent and temperament but lack the right training — a situation which fails to set students up for success, personally and academically. We must ensure that all teachers, especially those who enter the profession through an alternate route, receive standardized training that enables them to understand how and why students learn the way they do.

— Mackenzi T. Curtin ’19 is an Economics concentrator in Adams House.

Jenna M. Gray Better Left (Un)said

F

reshman fall marked my first encounter with the study of economics. I barely understood anything from the textbook I occasionally read and the problem sets I passed only by the grace of God. The authority with which my classmates spoke convinced me that the population of idiot island was one: me. I wondered: Had everyone taken microeconomics before? Or was their command of entirely new academic territory a signal of my accidental admission here?

In pursuit of these answers, I decided to listen more closely. Beneath throwing around key terms, arguing with professors as a fresh-outthe-womb 18-year-old, and inflection that suggested they knew supply and demand curves like old friends, I heard nothing. From a few skims of an overpriced N. Greg Mankiw textbook, I could discern that half the time, what they were saying didn’t even make sense. Therein lies the first lesson from the elite liberal arts education: It is possible to speak without saying anything at all.

At best, doing so is an interesting party trick; at worst, it’s a crucial and unfortunate tenet of what I deem “Harvard debate culture.”

Harvard debate culture is what happens when you gather a bunch of former prize-winning high school debaters, kids no one really liked growing up, and other lovable rascals who believe that disagreeing with everything for argument’s sake is a captivating personality trait. When you constantly tell them they’re smart(er than everyone else), their self-worth becomes dependent on that precarious belief. Surrounded by other imps who grew accustomed to the self-satisfaction that comes from perpetually holding the title of “smartest one in the room,” their insecurities and external motivations demand they find ways to distinguish themselves once again.

Sections are where the greater debaters go to relive the high school glory days and where productive or fulfilling conversations go to die. Take a graduate student who’s just trying to get their degree and undergraduates who don’t understand that having a thought doesn’t necessitate you share it and you’ve got an hour to fill with comments that are likely better left unsaid (aha!).

Our “counter-culture” manifests in a multitude of ways, three chief among them: rambling to fill space, over-intellectualizing everything, and provoking conflict for conflict’s sake. All routes offer endless possibilities for flexing the creative argumentative muscles. For the first, talk for as long as you can. Insert yourself into the conversation whenever possible. The more you can repeat what someone else in the room has already said — particularly if that person was a woman — the better. You’re welcome to piggyback off a previous comment, but noting that you disagree with a comment, regardless your argument’s substance, is the jackpot in your contrarian lottery.

The hyper-analytical debater can choose quite literally anything as an object of analysis. The author’s intention is of no concern; you’re more knowledgeable than they ever could be anyway.

Choose a string of words in a random chapter or an inkblot in the acknowledgements section. Interpret their meaning as if they were the subject-expertise of your entire undergraduate degree.

The classmates of the debater-provocateur love a hot take, and their teaching fellow doesn’t get paid to quell controversy in the classroom anyway. Therefore, why not go after a marginalized group: Ask the group whether they deserve to exist or suffer! No hot take is off-limits when provocation is the aim of the game.

For all three paths, affect is crucial. Your tone, facial expression, and politician-like eye contact with classmates cannot betray the slightest wavering of belief in what you’re saying. As a performer of knowledge, you must commit to your role.

And perhaps that’s the problem with Harvard debate culture, that we exchange ideas for the sake of entertaining or proving some image of ourselves to our classmates. Of course it’s normal to fudge understanding, speak with undue confidence, or talk from our rear ends sometimes. But when these tricks become our dominant mode of discourse, we misuse the power of our words, the skills our education has given us, and the responsibility that comes with a Harvard degree.

It’s a reality that people might listen to us just because of where we earned our degree. Sure, we could just be the esteemed contrarian at dinner parties, but that’d be an insult to our own collegiate efforts.

Instead of serving as the advocate the devil doesn’t need, we could attempt to familiarize ourselves with subjects before we offer opinions.

We could advocate for important things like prison abolition and health care reform rather than attend to causes and viewpoints whose relevance is limited to momentary debate performance.

If those options lack appeal, we don’t have to get rid of our outrageous analyses or tendency to arouse; we can just keep our ideas to ourselves.

We might benefit from following the words of Kendrick Lamar, who would advise us to “Sit down, Be humble.”

—Jenna M. Gray ’19 is a Sociology concentrator in Leverett House. Her column appears on alternate Mondays.

Page 5

THE HARVARD CRIMSON | November 26, 2018

Funding From Page 1

HSPH Looks Corporate for Funds work to continue to diversify our funding streams,” she said.

Across the University, faculty received $45.8 million in research funding from corporations and $154.8 million from private foundations in fiscal year 2017, according to data from the University’s Office for Sponsored Programs. These figures have increased 16 percent and 45 percent since 2013, respectively.

Federal funding, on the other hand, has slumped in the same time period, down about 4 percent.

The school has taken on two large corporate-sponsored research projects in the last year.

Last spring, Aetna and the school announced a partnership to examine employee happiness and health.

Tyler J. VanderWeele, an epidemiology professor at the School of Public Health, cited the employee data that Aetna would make available as a major draw to the partnership.

Employees will voluntarily take surveys over five years, the results of which Harvard researchers will analyze.

“It was clear almost from the beginning that this was going to be a good match with regard to interest and the potential for research,” VanderWeele said.

“We’ll have quite an extraordinary and rich well-being data research resource.”

In June, the University’s Office for Sustainability and the School of Public Health joined with Google on a project to test the toxicity of chemicals frequently used in construction.

At the time, Heather Henrik-

sen, managing director of the office, said Google was a natural partner for Harvard because of their similar square footages, governance structures, and interests in transparency.

Experts say this type of corporate-sponsored research offers an opportunity for additional funding, but can raise difficult administrative and ethical issues.

The most obvious upside is financial. In a time when federal funding is less certain than before for academic institutions, corporate sponsors can help fill the gap.

Nicholas H. Steneck, who directs a research ethics center at the University of Michigan, said faculty typically turn to corporate-sponsored projects in order to secure funding.

“It’s just another source of funding. Government funds are limited; they haven’t been increasing. Most institutions don’t have a lot of money to fund research,” Steneck said, because they primarily direct funds to student financial aid and other expenses.

“They’re always looking for more funding, and industry is an obvious place,” he added.

The Aetna partnership, for example, came with several million dollars of funding for Harvard, although the company and the faculty involved declined to give an exact figure, citing confidentiality agreements. There are also, however, complications that sometimes arise with these arrangements.

C.K. Gunslaus, director of the National Center for Professional and Research Ethics, cit-

ed intellectual property concerns as often arising in sponsored research partnerships.

“Most universities have a set of guidelines about what intellectual property terms are acceptable from a sponsor of research,” she said. “Particularly if students are involved, the general rule of thumb is that it should be publishable.”

Steneck said there are relatively few government regulations in place addressing ethical concerns related to corporate-sponsored research.

“Most privately funded research doesn’t fall under government regulations. The only exception to that is medical research that has to be submitted to the FDA for approval,” he said.The School of Public Health, and the University more broadly, have hundreds of pages of policies in place concerning sponsored research.

The school’s conflict of interest policy, for example, specifically mentions that research sponsors should not have undue influence on scholarly findings.

“Faculty members must not be induced by financial interests to give outside sponsors or other organizations or individuals authority to direct their studies or to restrict or unreasonably delay the release or publication of research results,” the policy reads.

School policy also governs information sharing between professors and sponsors: Faculty cannot share confidential information with sponsors more than 30 days before planned publication.

In September 2001, the Har-

vard Corporation, the University’s highest governing body, set out University-wide policies for collaboration and commercial enterprises, noting the opportunities for corporate-sponsored research.

“At the same time, commercial activities can pose risks to the core values of universities, notably to their commitment to pursue and disseminate knowledge independent of economic and other extraneous pressures,” the policy reads.

The Corporation mentioned public trust as one of the most important factors for the University to consider in evaluating projects.

“The University should therefore scrutinize with special care any agreement that may appear to compromise public trust, even if University officials believe the arrangement does not otherwise jeopardize the integrity of teaching or research,” it stated.

Michael J. Grusby, executive dean for administration at the School of Public Health, could not be reached for an interview for this story.

Earlier this year, conflict of interest questions received national attention next door at the Harvard Medical School.

A Medical School researcher’s trial came under investigation and was then shut down by the National Institutes of Health after he was found to have wooed industry funds with promises that he would find positive health effects of moderate alcohol consumption.­ luke.vrotsos@thecrimson.com

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As federal funds stagnate, the School of Public Health turns towards funding from private corporations. Krystal K. Phu—Crimson photographer

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Sports This Week’s Games

Preview

Wednesday ______________________________________

Thursday ______________________________________

Friday ______________________________________

Men’s Squash vs. Tufts 6:00 p.m., Murr Center

Women’s Swimming and Diving vs.

Georgia Fall Invitational All Day, Athens, Ga.

Women’s Basketball vs. Quinnipiac 7:00 p.m., Lavietes Pavilion

Men’s Basketball vs. Holy Cross 7:00 p.m., Lavietes Pavilion

Men’s Ice Hockey vs. Colgate 7:30 p.m., Bright-Landry Hockey Center

Men’s basketball

Harvard Bests Saint Mary’s in Thanksgiving Break Trip By joseph w. minatel Crimson Staff Writer

Travelling across the country for Thanksgiving break, Harvard men’s basketball split a pair of Bay Area road games.

Following a close loss to San Francisco, the Crimson was able to top Saint Mary’s to cap off the California campaign.

HARVARD 74, SAINT MARY’S 68 Hoping to avoid going home without a victory, Harvard (3-3) needed to do what only one other team had done in the past three seasons: win a non-conference game on the Gaels’ home court. Such a feat could not be completed without a full and outright team effort, and the Crimson delivered just that. Even with senior captain Corey Johnson recording zero points and junior forward Chris Lewis not seeing action in the contest, five Harvard players finished the game in double-digits in scoring.

“The overall effort for all our guys [and] the front-line depth with Henry [Welsh] and Robert Baker, I thought we just had sensational minutes out of everyone and in a place like [McKeon] Pavilion], you need that,” coach Tommy Amaker said.

Harvard’s impressive scoring effort was led by junior forward Henry Welsh. Playing in his home state, the Redondo Beach native racked up a career-high 15 points and added five rebounds. Welsh was instrumental to maintaining the Crimson’s lead into the second half, hitting consecutive baskets to start the period.

Harvard shot 53 percent from the field as a team, the fourth time in six games this seasons that the Crimson has hit over half of its field goals.

Adding to Welsh’s 15-point ef-

Career Night Junior big Henry Welsh led Harvard’s effort against Saint Mary’s, tallying a career high 15 points to go along with five rebounds in the win. Henry Zhu—Crimson photographer

fort, freshman guard Noah Kirkwood tallied 12 points for the second straight game. Junior guard Christian Juzang, junior forward Robert Baker, and sophomore forward Danilo Djuricic each accounted for 10 points.

Harvard’s defense held tough in the first half, allowing only 24 points to Saint Mary’s (3-3). A 34-point effort going into halftime gave the Crimson a 10-point lead entering the break.

The Gaels eventually found offensive firepower, putting up 44 points in the second half.

Harvard upped its own offense as well, tallying 40 points of its own in the latter period.

Saint Mary’s best chance came in the middle of the second half through an 11-1 run that cut the Crimson lead to only two. Before the momentum was completely swung in the direction of the Gaels, Harvard responded with a 6-0 run of its own. The Crimson was able to extend its lead to double-digits with just under a minute to play, allowing the clock to bleed out for the victory.

“Coming here to play

against a really good basketball team and a very tough place that I’m not sure many people have been able to scrap out wins here, it just says a lot about the growth of our team,” Amaker said.

SAN FRANCISCO 61, HARVARD 57 In Harvard’s first contest of Thanksgiving break, the Dons (6-0) kept their undefeated season alive with a nail-biting victory over the Crimson. San Francisco took an early lead, leaving Harvard to climb out of an early hole.

The first half was almost all Dons, with San Francisco taking a 32-21 lead into the break, a lead that was cut down by a Kirkwood triple just before the break.

Despite the Dons’ taking a 14-point lead early in the second half, the Crimson refused to back down. Slowly scraping away at the deficit early in the latter period, two free-throws from freshman Spencer Freedman finally gave Harvard the lead with 5:06 to play, the cap of a 16-5 run. San Francisco fought back, and with just over half a minute left held onto a

fragile lead. Freedman’s runner to tie the game at 59 missed with 34 seconds left, and the Dons knocked down their freethrows at the end of the contest to ice the game.

“I was really pleased and proud that we fought our way and scratched our way back in it...I thought they got to the foul line a lot more than we did, which I thought was a big difference in the game,” Amaker said. “I thought their ability to get on the offensive backboard really hurt us as well. joseph.minatel@thecrimson.com

Men’s Ice Hockey

Harvard Defeats No. 15 Cornell at Madison Square Garden

Steadfast Senior Michael Lackey gave up just one goal to Cornell, making many gutsy saves in the effort. Timothy R. o’Meara—Crimson photographer

By Spencer R. Morris Crimson Staff Writer

NEW YORK — For some, turkey, football, and family were not the only things to look forward to during Thanksgiving break. On Saturday night, the Harvard men’s hockey team dueled its most intense rival, No. 15 Cornell, in the historic setting of Madison Square Garden.

The Crimson (3-3-2, 1-2-2 ECAC) ousted the Big Red (54-0, 3-1-0) on the backs of its young, speedy forwards and sturdy goaltending from senior Michael Lackey. Cornell’s de­

feat marks its first loss at the Garden since 2013, and the Harvard victory reverses losing trends both against Cornell and in tilts at MSG. “We used our speed to get back to some pucks,” Crimson coach Ted Donato ’91 said. “I thought Michael Lackey did a nice job of getting some stops back there that allowed our [defense] to make one good solid play.”

With six minutes remaining in the bout, Harvard found itself protecting a 2-1 lead. But the Crimson had plans to pad its advantage.

Sophomore forward Henry Bowlby took off from mid-ice and beat a defenseman to a loose puck. Striding into the zone, he broke in alone on sophomore net-minder Matthew Galajda and slipped a backhand shot through his five-hole, providing his squad with a two-goal security blanket.

With a minute left, an empty-net goal from junior defenseman Adam Fox sealed the 4-1 win.

“Everyone knew how special it was to play at Madison Square Garden,” Lackey said. “During the game, you’re kind of focused

on getting the win. But towards the end, once we got the empty-net goal, just taking a step back and looking around and seeing all the [sad] Cornell fans — it was definitely a sight.”

A slow start to the game left Harvard displeased with its play entering the middle frame.

The Crimson needed an injection of energy, and it received it from none other than co-captain Lewis Zerter-Gossage.

Not even four minutes into the second period, freshman forward Casey Dornbach fired a puck toward the net from the left circle. After Galajda was

unable to corral the rebound, Zerter-Gossage found the loose puck and ripped it home under the goalie’s pads.

“It’s always tough going down 1-0, especially early on in the game,” Lackey recalled.

“We kept grinding, we kept working, and we got the result.

Once [Zerter-Gossage’s goal] happened, everybody really bought in and got behind the momentum.”

The powerplay strike, Zerter-Gossage’s sixth of the season, proved to be the offensive spark that Harvard needed. Less than six minutes after the equalizer, Dornbach earned another apple, this time zipping a crosscrease feed to Bowlby, who buried the open-net chance.

The trio of Bowlby (3–1—4), Dornbach (2–10—12), and freshman center Jack Drury (2–7—9) continues to be the most effective line among the Crimson forwards. Bowlby potted a pair of pucks on Saturday night, and Dornbach finished with three assists. Production from a relatively young attacking unit is paramount to Harvard’s team success this season.

Cornell coach Mike Schafer held his own team accountable for the success of the Crimson’s quick, young forwards.

“They got good speed, but any team — if you’re not playing the right way, not being physical, staying above people — every team is going to look fast,” said the bench boss after the game.

Just as in Harvard’s past three MSG appearances, the opposing team opened the scoring on Saturday night. Big Red blue-liner Alec McCrea fired a wrist shot from the left point, and freshman forward Liam Motley redirected the senior’s shot past Lackey. Motley’s first-career tally ushered in roars from the Cornell-lean-

ing crowd, which grew less enthusiastic as the contest progressed.

Otherwise, Lackey (1 GA, .968 SV%) shone between the pipes. In his strongest performance of the young campaign, the senior made multiple bigtime saves to keep his Crimson in the game. His confidence permeated the skaters in front of him.

“Lackey gave us a couple saves at some key times,” coach Donato lauded. “When we scored the first goal, it kind of just settled us in a little bit. As the second wore on, our speed started to show up a little bit.”

On the other end of the ice, Galajda (3 GA, .885 SV%) was more porous, although he had little hope of making the save on both Bowlby tallies. Nevertheless, Lackey thoroughly outdueled his masked counterpart en route to victory. Through nine starts this season, Galajda has failed to attain the impressive numbers he posted in his freshman campaign (20-5-2, 1.51 GAA, .939 SV%).

The two teams will not have to wait long to overwrite the latest chapter in their rivalry. Next Saturday, Cornell will trip to Cambridge for a rematch with its MSG conqueror. This time, however, the game will have conference implications. Fans can also expect the Big Red to reestablish its effective forecheck and usual competitiveness.

Until then, Harvard will enjoy its first victory over Cornell since the 2016-2017 season and will leave New York feeling more confident about its play.

“We dug ourselves into a little bit of a hole with our start,” coach Donato said. “But I think tonight was a great step in the right direction.” spencer.morris@thecrimson.com