The Friend Magazine - 7th August 1914

THE FRIEND. !\ '!Religtous,1tterarl],

ano mtscellaneous Journal.

" In essentials un£ty, z'n non-essentials VOL. LIV. No. 32.J R.g.

ai

LONDON:

th« G.P.D. as aNewspaper.

7TH 81'H

Mo.

Hberty, in all thz"ngs cnan."ty."

(AUGUST),

1914.

PRICE ONE PENNY. Annual S.. bsCfipl'ion: Unit,d Kingdom. 6/6; A broad, 8/8.

FAREWELL MEETINB at Devonshire House. Bishopsgate, London. E.C., on Thursday. September 3tb, at 7 p.rn. ADDRESSES

by Edith M. Backhouse, Basil H. Backhouse, A. Margaret Lees. Roland D. Priestrnan, Alfred H. Brown. and others. Chairman: John William Hoyland. F.F.M.A .. IS. Devonshire Street. E.C. DELICIOUS COFFEE.

RED WHI·TE

&BLUE Fol' Bl'eakfaat & artel' Dlnnel'.

Brltlsh·Amerlcan

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Week·End

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At OLD JORDANS HOSTEL, SEPTEMBER 4th to 8th.

Lecturers: Norman Angell, John Wm. Graham, G. H. Perris, Herbert Midgley.

FEE

FOR

WHOLE

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21/-.

Programme and Pnrbtculers from MALOOLM SPARKES. LONG GABLE. GARRARDS OROSS.

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THE FRIEND.

ii.

BOOTHAM

[7TH AUGUST, 1914.

SCHOOL.

Full Particulars from the Head Master, Bootham School, York.

To Girls seeking a Healthful & Attractive

Calling.

Anstey Oollege for Physioal Training & Hygiene, Ohester Rd., nr. Birmingham, Offers a lull Professional Training In Swedish, E(luoational, and MedionI Gymnastics, Dancing, Swimming, Games, Anatomy, Hygiene, &c. Health Students also received.

Special treatment for Ourvatures, Anrumla, &c.

GOOD POSTS

OBTAINED

AFTER

Colchester High School.

BOARDING

& DAY SCHOOL

School House built for the purpose, with modern requirements. Boarding House, The Towers, two minutes' walk from the School, in the highest and most open residential part of Colchester.

Principal:

TRAINING.

FOR GIRLS.

KATE WILLMOTT.

HOMEFIELDS, HUNSTANTON.

FOR YOU

HIGH-CLASS SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.

by H. RAWLINGS (formerly E. R. Cann and H. Rawlings).

With the assistance of qualified Teachers.

Conducted

Reoommended

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and all those who write, there is one pen always reliable j-

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ST. MICHAEL'S HOUSE, WEYBRIDGE.

MADIE, TODD & CO.'S

In connection with Miss Gilpin's School, The Village Hall, Weybridge, Miss Gillett, senior mistress, is opening in September, a House for Boarders (boys and girls).

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For

It is the gift of useful, reliable & lasting qualities -a pen which neither leaks, blots or scratches.

....

10lB 10820.

Sold at Stationers.

MABIII2.

AND

80,

TODD &

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Let your children learn the Holy Scriptures in Good Clear Englisb free from ambiguities, just as you would wish them to learn the correct meanings of sentences in any other good standard work.

ce., LONDON.

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apply

Mlss

GILLETT.

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1797.

"A Fund for the encouragement of marriage amongst young people of low circumstances, Members of the Society of Friends of Great Britain only."

Marriages must be In accordance with Rules and Regulations of the Society. Grants will not be made when applicants are possessed of property exceedln&,£80 In value.

Applications

Unqtlldift.d satisfaction is gllarant.ul.

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Published by The London Bible Warehouse (Walter S. Forster, Manager), 53, Paternoster Row, and may be obtained tbrougb all booksellers at bome and abroad, in two sizes and various bindings, at prices from One Sbilling to Ten Sbillings and Sixpence. Also may be bad from The London Bible Warehouse, as above, and (rom The Ruskin Preis. Stafford Street, Birmingbam. a booklet, of 104 pages, "NOTES ON THE CORRECTED ENGLISH NEW TESTAMENT," price Twopence, postage Three-balf-pence, being a selection of illustrative parallel passages, specimen pages of botb editions, and full impartial preface by the present Bisbop of Durham.

A v••y '",/>o.tallt alld faithful cOllt.tbutioll to •.•. all ulttmat. idMI EIIK/ish BibZ•.•..

G.ammatical ,.,elsioll •..• good cOII.t."illg .••. aim.d to /J'I$IfV. til. lIobl. If.Hlfal fo.ms oj II" old•• VIf#OHS. •••• HOt only accurat«, b,,1 to th, co,mllOH mind int.lligibl •••.• God's h.att .n God's IOo.ds.

-BISHOP

01' DURHAM'S PREFACE.

. 7TH AUGUST, 19I4.]

u•.

THE FRIEND.

LEIGHTON

PARK SCHOOL, NR. READING.

The new Prospectus will be sent on application to the Headmaster.

Next -,

Ter:rn.,'1lV'ill open

on

Septe:rn.ber

18th.

SCHOOL, KENDAL.

STRAIONSATE Headmaster:

Wilfred

Sessions, B.Sc.

A strong staff-a sound education-small classes-Scholarship and University Entrance Exams.

School Journeys. Leisure Pursuits, good games, an excellent climate, a beautiful district. .: Strong Preparatory

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PREPARATORY

Leaving Scholarship of :£60 a Year.

H~R.BERT WILLIAM Address:

THE

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CARLISLE. MISS L. M. REYNOLDS, B.A. EDUCATION

On broad modern lines in well-equipped premises.

WESTBOURNE

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Preparatory Scbool for Boys.

PRINOIPAL OAROLINE FERRIS. High, bracing locality, overlooking Bristol Ohannel. Playing Fields. Large Gymnasium, Uae of Sea-water Swimming Bath.

Number of boarders limited, an,d every care given. Old boya have taken the Sidco! Leaving ScholBrshlp In 11109 and 1911. Soholarshlpe at Publlo Schools.

Modera.te Fees.

JONES, M.A.

COLWALL,

Devonshire House SChool for Girls, THOR.OUOH

NEAR MALVERN.

SCHOOL,

Prospectus on a.ppl1catlon.

(Camb.)

Station:

MALVERN.

STANLEY HOUSE, CLiFTONVILLE,

MERE, WILTS. Healthy life and surroundings.

Individual training on P.N.E,U. System. Trained Mistresses.

PRINCIPALS' {Homoillo & Mus/o. L. J. MoLoughlln. . Sohool, M. S. McLoughlin (to whom apply).

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Fees moderate and Inclusive.

References to Friends.

For Prospectus, Apply, W. READ, B.A.

Pinehurst, Nr.

Crowborough,

TUNBRIDGE

WELLS.

Oountry School for Girls, House between 000 & 700 ft, above sea, and bordering

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open moor.

HELEN T. NEILD, M.A. (Viet.), Olasslcal Trlpos (Oamb.)

MARION M. MENNELL (Pupil of Madame Osterberg, ete.) p,.ospecttls

THE CHANTRY HOME SCHOOL FOR GIRLS

Colwall.

LAURISTON

on A.ppZication.

HALL, TORQUAV.

Scbool for Girls.

PRINCIPALS

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KATE

& EDITH

VICCARS

Henlthy nnd benutffu'i situation.

Thorough EduOBtlon. Kindergarten.

SwedlBh Gymnasium, Special care and attention given to youn« or delicate ohlldren, IIotlday care It desired.

References to Friends.

Moderate Fees.

Croham Hurst School, near South Croydon.

House built fOI' the purpose in healthy and beautiful situation. Aim of education to cultivate wide interests and intelligcnt habits of work. Special encouragement given to leisure pursuits and individual reading, Hockey, Tennis, Swimming, Riding.

Pupil prepared for University.

Full Domestic Course for Senior Pupils and External Students, Principal.

{

MI ••

IW' ••

THEODORA E. K. M. EI.,LlII.

OLARI{.

THE FRIEND.

tv.

Just Published.

[7TH AUGUST, 1914.

Evolution and Empire.

By JOHN

,Voices of

Principal

WILLIAM

GRAHAM,

of Dalton Hall, Victoria Manchester.

M.A.,

University,

A cheap edition, revised, of this important work on the Peace Question, is now ready at 1s.net, cloth limp. (Postage 3d.)

W omanhood, We have pleasure in announcing the publication of a new book of Poems by Miss Ethel Carnie, under the above title.

Miss Carnie made many friends by her" Songs of a Factory Girl," now in its third edition. On this occasion she voices the thoughts and aspirations of the working woman.

Tn doing this she expresses herself with power born of a life-long intimacy with the "sad music of humanity" as revealed in the life of the poor.

It is a book which should find a welcome in the home of every woman who is seeking the welfare of her sisters. It will inspire and stimulate. The book is bound in cloth, and the price is 2s. net.

Postage zid. Will you order a copy?

"One of the most valuable contributions which have yet been made on this subject.

David Starr Jordan.

II

A New Bookby

1. RENDEL

HARRIS.

M.A.

The Sufferings & the Glory.

I

Tn his preface the author says: "I regard the central historical fact In the traditional message of Christianity to be the Death of Its Founder, and not any other Incident or event or statement that may be on record; and that, If this Is correct, the central doctrine of tJhrlstianity ought to be an Interpretation of Its central fact."

Oloth boards, 2s. 6d. net. (Postage Bd.)

THE

Historic & the Inward Christ (Swarthmore Lecture. 1914.)

By EDWARD Cloth

boards,

GRUBB,

ls. net.

(Postage

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Just Out.

A New Book for for Garden Lovers.

Saxifrages.

By WALTER

I RVING,

or Kew, and REGTNALD With

::1.

A. MALBV,

F.R.P.S.

chapter on the

Saxifrages of the Pyrenees.

By JOT-TN H. SALTER, No family of plants is more useful in t he rock garden than the Saxifrages or Rockfoils. The increasing inter st in Alpines and rock-gardening bas resulted in Ihe introduction of countless new varieties to the garden public. and every season witnesses tbe arrival of fresh hybrids The object of this volume is to help the gard n lover to choose the best varieties, and having chosen to grow them successfully.

D.Se.

The authors are both expert craftsmen in tbe rock garden, Mr. Irving showing his skill at Kew and Mr. MaJby in his unique rock garden at Woodford.

Information is given as to the habitat of the species, the class to which they belong, and the hybrids that have been bred {rom them.

The book is profusely illustrated in Colour and Half-tone.

THE TIMES says: "The book Is a very good one." eta) Boards, 2s. 6d. net, (Postage 4d.)

~r Write for" Gardens of Delight," an illustrated booklet descriptive garden Jovers. We will send a copy to you post free on application.

of the very best books for

Headley :Brothers, 140 :Bishopsgate, London, E,C.

7l'H AUGUS1', I914.]

THE FRIEND.

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vi.

THE FRIEND.

[7TH

Anousr, 1914.

THE HALL-MARK OF HEALTH tread.

Just now sandals are Ideal for the sea-shore, the country or the garden.

For Health: The body cannot be well If the teet are cramped.

For Comfort: TI,e feet are cooler and easter, therefore children are lese tired and less tiresome. . For Appearance: The .feet being free, the body Is carried more gracefully.

For Economy: Sandals are cheaper to buy and repair. They can be worn with or without Bocks-without whenever possible, partIcularly at the seasIde, so that the air and the sun may I. a buoyant

gel to thA feet.

But you must

get

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All that Is necessary Is to Bend an outline of foot standing for size, and mention The Friend . ..SANDAL-FORM" SHAPES also stocked In Ladles' and Gentlemen's sizes.

SUFFER."B FRO'I. FLAT·FoOT AND BUNJ.ONSare receiving great benefit from MeBsrs. Hall & Sons' Arch Supporta wonderful Invention . about which really marvelious oases or relief and oure are told.

It tits any boot, I. moderate In price, and practically everlaating in wear.

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On improved property in the City of Toronto, Ontario, afford a field for safe and pro.fitable investment. Toronto is one of the most attractive cities on the American Continent. It lies in the midst of the finest farming District in Canada and is the principal banking centre of the Dominion. Its industries are well established.

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A HOME &. SCHOOL

FOR 600 FATHERLESSCHILDREN, And '1- Memorial of the beloved Founder.

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The moot needy and deserving cases are selected by the Committee of Management to enter the Orphanage.

3,422 Orphans have been reoelved into tbe institution

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SOlicitors, etc., Toronto,

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THE FRIEND. It

VOL. LIV. R.g.atth.G.P.O.

In essentials unity, in non-essentials liberty, in all things charity."

No. 32.] asaN.wspap ••.

LONDON:

7'1'II 81'I-I

Mo.

PRICK ONK PENNY.

(AUGUST),

1914.

A 1J1J"a.l Subscf'iption

:

U"il,d Kin.dlll" 6/6;Abmad,8/8.

CONTENTS.

I<:ditorial :PAGE The European Crisis 575 Double Punishment 577 The Atonement.

1. IIItroductory,

By William E. Wilson, B.D 578 Friends' Schools and Religious Education. By Edith J. Wilson 579 Quakerism & Norman Angell : Sunl1lier School at Jordans 580

PAGF,

PAGE

Pioneer Work amongst the Sakalava Bacterised Peat. By J. Edmund Clark, B.Sc., F.R.Met.S ....

Current News Among Friends Christmas Day at Mbabane (photo group with Annie Frances Taylor) Adult School Bible Lesson :The Shrine of the Heart '"

THE EUROPEAN CRISIS. ,

T:H1J;state of Europe at the present time almost leads one to despair.

Here is civilisation at its best; here are most evident the blessings of peace; here are the fruits of a hundred years of advance in science, art, literature, government; here are gathered together many of the wisest and best men now alive upon the earth; here is the heart of Christendom; and yet, here also like some ghoulish terror of darkness or pestilence that wasteth at noonday stalks the black, cruel Giant of War. Like a gathering torrent which momently increases in volume and impetuosity, a war, at first confined to a remote corner and involving no great interest, seems about to engulf the whole of Europe, and threatens to sweep away in its onward rush, all the advances that civilisation has made in the last hundred Years. Already the original quarrel between Austria and Servia is dwarfed into insignificance in face of the vastly greater in which nearly the whole of Europe is involved.

The Great Continental Powers, with the exception of Italy, are already at war. As we write, Great Britain is anxiously waiting to hear Whether she too must send her sons to the War. Sir Edward Grcy has demanded that the rights of Belgian neutrality shall be respected, and we wait for Germany's answer.

The British fleet is already mobilised and ready for action; the British army is 1 eing m.obilised.

All has been prepared that we too may be caught by the rapidly swelling

58r 582 583

583 586

Correspondence :The Makers of War .........

The War & Peace Principles The War: A Suggestion Friends' Memorial Vivisection Degrees, &c., taken by Friends Cricket Day by Day Births, Marriages, and Deaths

587 587 587 587 588 580;, 589 590 590

current and swept away-whither?

Ah, that we know not. Five nations are already at war, and before this reaches our readers, the number may be increased and our own country may be amongst them .. And for what reason?

Because Servia would not do all that Austria demanded ?-ls that the reason?

Can it be ?-ls it not rather that years of suspicion and jealousy have produced a state of nervous apprehension, such that the very slightest occasion will bring about a great war. Men have gone on repeating and believing in the foolish old heathen maxim, "If you want peace, prepare for war."

They have prepared [or ~va,?',and ~va1' has come.

They have piled up armaments against one another year by year till the struggling taxpayer was bowed down with the weight.

Then the natural result of their work comes, and the same poor struggling taxpayer must 111 arch out with a musket on his shoulder to shoot, or be shot by, his brother ill misfortune from another State-a man wit1jJ whom he had no quarrel, whom he had neter seen, and whose interests are the same as his, at least to this extent, that neither stands to gain anything by war. And what will come of the war?

If we fight, what can be gained by it? As our Friend Arnold S. Rowntree said in the House of Commons 011 Monday night, ' 'We are going to fight for Russia-s-I cannot help thinking that if this . overnment is going to increase the power of Russia at the expense of Germany, she will find in the neal' future that her difficulties are largely increased-c-Ay I and 00 110t Ictus forget that when we go to

THE FRIEND. war against Germany, we go to war against a people' who, after all, hold largely the ideals which we hold. I do not mean the beaurocacy, I do not mean the military element, but the German civilisation is in many ways near the British civilisation.

We think of their literature, we think of what they have done for progressive religious thought, we think of what they have done for philosophy, and we say that these are not the men we want to fight."

This is surely true; by fighting we shall be striking a double blow at civilisation.

We shall be injuring our own and that of Germany, which is similar.

Yet it appears as if we may have to take part in this war. It is said that now is too late for us to draw back. It may be so. When this reaches our readers the die may already have been cast. The fault lies not in our action or lack of action now, so much as our acquiescence in a system of alliances and a theory of. the Balance of Power which are out of relation to the real needs of the people.

We believe that no Government who did not reject outright these antiquated perversions of national interest could have done more to avert war than has been done by our Premier and Foreign Secretary.

Surely the lesson for us is to work for the permanence of Peace when there seems no danger of war, and to work, not only with the heart, but with the understanding also.

For now it seems too late to work, and we stand, almost helpless, 011 the brink of a disaster the magnitude of which no man can measure or foretell.

The nations themselves have no desire for war, there is no direct cause for war, and yet apparently they are to be drawn into a war in which everybody concerned stands to lose all that is of truest value, and worst of all the great mass of the working people must suffer.

Brooding on this prosp et we are. an filled with anxiety an 1 something akin to desolation.

An appreelation of that feeling must have been in Lowell's mind when he wrote The Present Crisis, and we too may share his thoughts and find his comfort.

Careless seems the great Avenger; history's pages but record 011 death-grapple in the darkness 'twixt old systems and the Word; Truth for ever 011 the scaffold, wrong for ever on the throne-sYet that s affold sways the future and, behind the dim u.nlmown Stavuieih. God within the shadow, keeping watch above His own.

I'hat is the first thought that, in these dark

[?TH AUGUST, 1914.

days, we would hand on to our friends.

We say we believe in Goel-in His power and love and purpose.

We believe that in His keeping are the hearts of all men and that the whole human family are His children, the work of His hands, the sheep of His pastures, and that even amid their foolishness and wickedness, even when they stray far from the paths of righteousness and .peace, they cannot pass beyond His love and care, He stands at the gate both of life and Death-a universal Presence, The first great fact to get hold of ill all times of perplexity and strife is, as Carlyle said over and over again, the fact of God. Revelations, he told us, whether celestial or infernal, are to teach us that God is. And if God is, He is at work in the history of man's upward struggleblind, ignorant, perverse, vicious though it be. "Men believe in Bibles and disbelieve in them" Carlyle wrote in Past and P-resent, "but of all Bibles the Irightfullest to believe in is the Bible of Universal History.

This is the Eternal Bible anel God's Book, which every born man call and must with his own eyes see the Cod's-finger writing.

To discredit this, is an infidelity like 110 other."

It is very difficult, and it' may be impossible, for us now to see Go I's finger. It is difficult to see any writing on the wan at all. All is bewildering, confused, clark and hidden. We are passing through the valley of the shadow of death.

"What I do thou knowcst not now but thou shalt know hereafter."

The second thought is this: having this Faith let us act as it compels and follow its guidance.

"The' situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by man.

Yes, here in this poor, miscrabl , hampered, despicable Actual, wherein thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal; work it out therefrom; and working believe, live, be free!"

It is many years since we first read these words in Sartor Resarius. But there they are, and they arc true for to-lay.

Thi.s' Actual' is far from our choosing.

But even this case in which we find ourselves, so pr gnant, tragic, and full of peril is the place of ottr duty.

It may be that long y aI'S of p ac and ease, long years of pleasure seeking and selfishness, long years of forgetfulness of Goel are ending now, and paying their price-aye, and long years also of injustice and wrong-doing.

'I'his is the 'Actual' for us, in which we must find OLlr Ideal, and having found it we must

7'rH Atrctrsr, 1914.]

THE FRIEND.

follow.

For most who read these words, the course is clear.

It is to make our contribution to the solution of the tremendous international problems which surround us, it is to endeavour to remove the obstacles to the will of God. "Find out the way God is going in the world," said Beecher, "and go that way too."

That is the ideal.

The duty is also clear.

It is each in our place, in quietness and in confidence, to stand for Peace, and be its bold witness and defence.

But how, if our country is at war, can we stand for Peace?

It may be that most of us feel that our Government could not do otherwise than they have clone. If our testimony for Peace were on any lower grounds than those of religious conviction, we might feel obliged to, not only to give our moral support to the Government, but even to volunteer to fight for our country.

But to us there has come Christ's categorical imperative, for we have seen in Him a revelation of God's method of working in the world; of His way of saving men.

And that method is the reverse of the way of force; it is the way of nonresistance; the way of returning good for evil.

Therefore with pain and sorrow of heart we must recognise that we have a higher duty than that of our duty to our country, we have a duty to God. This may mean withstanding the tide of popular passion; refusing to believe in the tales, that are sure to become current, of the depravity of our enemies; and above all working for a speedy close of hostilities.

And it will bring contempt and perhaps fierce persecution upon us. But it is the right way; the only way for us. For if God's way of saving men is by the reverse of the warmethod, it must be because the war method can never succeed.

It has been said, "one cannot fight for the Kingdom of God, one can only fight against it."

If this is so, then war for a just cause, while it may apparently succeed in attaining S0111e good result, is ill reality hindering the coming Kingdom.

Therefore, however, just be the cause, we are bound to refuse to fight in it. We may well feel our own insufficiency for this task.

But "here on earth" wrote Carlyle "we are as soldiers fighting in a foreign land, that understand not the plan of campaign, and have 110 need to und rstan 1 it, seeing well what is at our hand to be clone, let us do it like soldiers +-with submission, with courage, with heroic joy."

For we have the greatest of all aptains, who hath chosen us to be his

577

soldiers, and whose strength is made perfect in our weakness.

Man's extremity, it has been nobly said, is God's opportunity.

He is our guide, our hope, our comfort, our victory.

"In me ye have peace.

In the world ye have tribulation; but be of good cheer; I have overcome the 'world.

J)

Ar.,I, hope of averting the catastrophe is now gone.

As we go to press the news has come in that our country and German" Britain .) at War. are at war .. What this means none of us know.

The horrors will not be confined to the contending fleets, though there will be horrors enough there.

One shot that goes home may sink a ship with one thousand men on board.

No, at home too, in city and village, there will soon be deep sorrow, and in many cases, starvation and. misery.

When men go to war, they let loose forces over which they have no control.

WE wish to draw particular attention to the imprisonment of Tom Roberts which was mentioned in our "Current Double News" last week. UnfortuPunishment. nately the space for lengthy reports is exteremly limited, and we were unable to insert a full report of this case. But it is of peculiar interest because it shows to what lengths military authorities will go when they get the upper hand, as is the case in Australia.

This boy of 16 had a religious objection to being trained to take human life -he therefore refused to drill, For this offence he was sentenced to twenty-one days in a military fortress.

That is he was punished for not drilling.

When there, because he refused to Irill, he was sentenced by court martial to a week's solitary confinement 011low diet.

That is he was further p~tnished f01' the same offence.

Not only was this immature and delicate lad (he had recently been ill) punished twice for the same offence, the second was a particularly severe form of punishment an lone that is ordinarily reserved for refractory criminals of the worst type.

It is well for us to have such .cases as this in mind when arguing with the National Service League, for they generally tell us that religious objections will be respected and that Quakers will be exempt.

It appears that where the advocates of compulsory military training have got their way their actions do not correspond to their promises in this country.

THE FRIEND.

[7'fH AUGUST,

1914.

The Atonement.

By WILl,lAM E. WILSON, B.D. I.--INTRODUCTORY. FOR many years past the atonement has been conspicuously absent from most Christian preaching.

Very few preachers teach the-theory of it current sixty years ago.

Many practically disregard the subject-to the loss of themselves and their hearers.

Others use olel phrases which have become dear to them from olel association but which are liable to convey misconceptions.

The old theories have been rejected by most modern men-probably rightly rejected-but nothing has been put in their place.

And in consequence religious thought is weak at its centre.

It is therefore necessary to investigate the subject and see what the foundations are, and what may be legitimately built upon them.

The Atonement is a fact.

We know this be. cause through the centuries since Jesus Christ many thousands of men and women who were in despair as a result of sin, liave found through Him access to God, have realised God's love as' the supreme fact in their lives, and have b en able to live a true and victorious life in the Divine strength.

111 short, they have been reconciled to God. The obstacle which separated them from Him has been first transcended and then gradually eliminated.

Probably this experience has always come as the result of the realisation of God's love, and ill the overwhelming majority of cases it is consciously connected with the death of Christ.

The barrier that separates men Irorn God is sin.

Sin is a fact in human experience.i--dn some ways the most important fact.

The normal man who thinks over his life at all is conscious that he has not only made mistakes, but bas also wilfully done wrong."

Sin may be defined as opposition of the will to God, or the choice of something' less than the morally best.

Sometimes it is conscious and deliberate; a man definitely knows a course of action to be wrong, and knowing that, tak s it. More often the sin consists ill not desiring to know what the right cours of action is. It is not so much th choice of wrong as the choic of ignorance, lest knowledge should show one to be wrotlg.

In either case, whether veiled or open, there is opposition to tlle will of Goel. But Gael is righteous, His will is that the world He has macle should elevelop into p rf ct harmony.

Man, by opposition to this holy will, delays the coming of the Kingdom of Gael and causes el1c1less sufferillg to himself an] his fellow creatures.

The recollciHation of mall to Go i ill Jesus Christ, which w call Atonement, ~s the action of ~o~l by: which man's oppositiol1 lS. ov rcol11~, !'1lld l~lS WIll brought into bal111011Y wtth the D.1V111ewlll.

All ad qllate thcory of Atonement l11ust ]lot do violence to the Scriptural statements on the subject.

No theory of Atonement is explicitly taught in the New Testament but ther is very great agreement among New 'Testament I

>,

* Some men appear to have no sense of Sin, but Ibis is either be oause they have not renected upon tbelr actions or have somehow argued themselves into the belief thaI they are ~ot responsible for them.

writers on four great points regarding the work of Christ for men, viz.: (1) The reconciliation wrought

by Christ is the work of God, It springs Irom His love and His grace.

He takes steps to bring men to Himself (R0111. V. S).

"Goel commendeth His own love toward us, in that while we were yet sinners Christ died for us" (CL also 2 Cor. v . I9i Eph , ii, 8; Tit, iii. 4i 1 John iv. 9, 10; and John iii. 16). (2) It is through Christ's death that reconciliation comes to us. This is to be seen all through the New Testament in the constant references to the blood of Jesus, which signifies His life given up in death (cf. Mark xiv. 24; Acts xx. 28; Rom. iii. 25; Eph. i. 7 i Heb. x. T9; I John i. 7; Rev. v. 9). So fundamental is this thought of the death of Christ with Paul (comprehensively referred to as 'the Cross') that it is maele the centre of his thought and preaching (r Cor. i. ISii. 5; and G~l. vi. 14). Nor is there lacking reference to HlS death as the essence of His work for men ill our Lord's own words, "The SOlI of 11I.a11 ea me not to be served bu t to serve and to g!~e. His life fl'. m~lsom fa?: many. (Mark ;".45).

(3) 1his r~COl1Clltat1on. to Goel, tlIIS forgiveness .IS appropriated by faith on the side of man.

Faith is far more than an intellectual assent it is an attitude of one personality towards anothe;: --it is confidence and trust.

This attitude of faith ill Himself was taught

by Jesus Christ-i~vetl t.hough in the Synoptic Gospels the word itself IS not used.

His two invitations, "Come unto me. all ,Ye that are weary and heavy-laden and I will gwe you rest" (Matt. xi. 28 and 29) and "n any man will come after Me let hill~ deny himself and take np his cross and follow me" (Mark viii. 34), requ ire faith on the part of the would-be follow r.

Tt is the confidence which springs from love that alone can bring men to seek such an overturning of the world's standards of values as is impl i cl in these words of .our Lo!'d. Faith, ~hell, is 110 merely theoretical belief, but a vital p rscnal r lationship.

(4) The consequence of the r conciliation to Gorl is the union 0-ÂŁthe recon ileel with J sus Christ.

Tl~is is taught especially clearly in Paul 's eplstlcs and the Gospel of John.

(See R0111. vi.'

Col. iii.; Gal. v. 13-26; and Jo111l xv.)

From th' parable .of the. vil1~, an] (~al. iii. 13-26, we gath -r ~~lat thlS. ll11~on. lS all ln~en~ely moral thing. .1hrotlgh It, sm. l~ to be el1ml11ater1 al1c1 a fl1l1y developed Chnshan character to 1 e formed, These four New Testament statements then l11.ust b given due place ill the attempte] restatement.

Only one of them is l.ikely to cause difficulty to. ~ar!lest minc1ed people,-the se and, tllat recollcll1atJOl1 com R throngh th cleath of ChriRt. It is object cl, "Why was the death of Christ necessary?

"Wol1ld not the al1nOllnceme11t of Gael's free grace be sufficient to sav 1TI.Cll?" â&#x20AC;˘ To a11swer. this qqestio11. in s11ch a way as to glv,e due welght also to the otl1er Ncw T sta11lent stat 1l1entR is Ol1t' task.

III t11e I'lext paper the traditional Prot stant cl ctl'in will be xamiued,

7'l'H AUGUS'l', 1914.]

THE FRIEND.

579

Friends' Schools and Religious Education.

IN the April number of the Hibbert Journal there is an article written by Professor Norman K. Smith, entitled "The Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Modern Mind." In it the reader may find some guide whereby to judge ?f certain characteristics of our day, and Friends in particular may find help in understanding what is meant by "a religious education."

Broadly speaking the writer emphasises two views of life, the "classical," as he calls it, with 1tS pursuit of the obvious good,-health of body, social efficiency and all the delights of art and beauty; and the "religious," which has often been found in conflict with all these in its search for an ultimate good, transcending anything which is attainable in a material life. Professor N. K. Smith says, "It is, of course, to some reconciliation of these divergent ideas, and it is useless to refuse to recognise that they constantly diverge and often conflict, that the modern mind aspires." This divergence, if not this conflict, is often apparent in educational discussions, and the question is of coarse especially acute when it concerns schools like our own which are established to illustrate some particular aspects of religious truth. How to balance a fair presentation of that religious truth with due recoguitiou of the modern demands for recreation, amusement, culture, and self-expression, is the form ill which the Professor's ques-' tion 1110stobviously presents itself to 路u,s. Tl1E~ teachers in OU]' schools are called upon to adjust the often conflicting claims of self-development and self-mastery; 01 enjoyment in the present and self-discipline for the sake of some higher good; of self-culture and attention to the needs of the world.

The extent to which they are successful will be judged by the proportion of their students who pass hom under their illfluence eager to take their share in the age-long stntggle for religious, social, or political freedom.

The relig ious life involves the discarding of somc pr sent good or satisfaction for the sake of a larger good, discernible by the spirit, and sufficiently real to have inspired the world's greatest deeds.

The students ill our schools should be familiar with this principle as it is illustrated in the lives of the early Priends : and they should be taught to re ognise their moral obligation of seeing that their 0\'1'11 lives xpress this same principle of self-sacrifice for the life of the world. This hoice is forced on, us by the fact that in the Iimited time at our disposal in this life we arc unable to enjoy all tile good .things within our reach.

And the task of choosing between a higher and, in the circumstances, a lower good is always more difficult than that of rej ecting the bad for th good.

In th excessive emphasis laid on "selt-e r ; prcssion" and "sclf- ~evelop11l11t" wc r cognise the 1110 tern parallel of that phase of th bval1gelical movement in tIl llillet nth century, When godly men and women were accused of a ~elfish COIl ern for their own souls, r11lc1 of Cl' atlUg a Paradise from which the majority of th ir fellow-men were excluded.

Y t tl1ey at 1 ast Sought satisfaction in th highest or spiritual

sphere and their watchword was avowedly "Saved to Serve."

And we know that their Paradise was after all an affair of definitions, and definitions cannot exclude anyone. To-day, the young man who is so deeply engrossed in recreation, or in study, or in the pursuit of art, as to have no concern' for religious service, the Adult School, Peace, Temperance, or social betterment, is bent on creating for himself a material or intellectual Paradise from which his fellow-men are excluded, not by definitions, but by the deliberate or thoughtless selfishness of the privileged few.

Much confusion has been caused by a wrong application of the truth that there is no dividing line between things sacred and things secular.

The point is that all things may be made sacred but they do not become so of themselves. Art, music, the. drama, travel may all be sacred if they enable a man more truly to interpret life Ior himself or for others, but without strenuous watchfulness and self-control, in other words religious discipline, they easily lend themselves to the cultivation of the narrow life of the superior person.

The easy optimism which trusts that things will come right of themselves, and is uncomfortable about setting a serious view of life before the young, may be viewed with suspicion in proportion as it appeals to our natural indolence. "The maxim-i-Live according to nature' "路-says Professor Huxley in "Evolution and Ethics" "has done immeasurable mischief. . . . The pertinacious optimism of our philosophers hill from them the actual state of the case ....

The logic of facts was necessary to convince them that the cosmos works through the lower nature of man, not for righteousness but against it ....

The theory of evolution ellcourages 110 millenial anticipations."

And Professor N. K. Smith emphasises the fact that "man's Iutu re is 110t a natural destiny, but a moral vocation, and that in face of the moral dangers by which the higher civilisation is constantly menaced, what is most called for is training" and discipline in self-mastery;" If Oll r teachers shrink from pu tting th ese facts before their students, and if we, parents, resent our children being ill vited to share the world's conflict, it is probably not so much because ware anxious for the sensitiven ss of youth, as because we ourselves have 110trealised that the completest triumph of life may come from a s lf-surrend r that knows 110 sense of loss, and whose good is the good that a1l may share; or because w have 110thad that divine inspiration that has made S0111 spiritual truth more real to us than any material wealth or pl asur ; or b cause we ar too dull to re ognise the sham of the social condition und r which millions a.r Ii \ling out their liv~s. If w kn w these thingl< we should welcome tIle app al. to 0111'SallS and daughters-not to relinquish all that makes life rich antl vari d-htlt to k ep everything- subordinate to the higher call. Our sympathy is contiullally being clahned Oll behalf of thc young pcrsol1 who liaS hirned away fr011lth servic of Ids f 110ws.because of the

580

THE FRIEND.

tactlessness or blundering of someone who has invited him to it.

Rarely does it occur to parents or teachers to blame themselves for their want of foresight in allowing, or encouraging, the young ones to come into such a hypersensiti ve condition that the invitation, even if it was not wholly wise, has served as an excuse for refusal.

Much of our present day criticism would certainly convict Christ of want of tact, because a certain young Ulan went away sorrowful.

If it should ever come about that from our Friends' schools the boys and girls who are likely to be comfortably placed in life take conventional views of existence, and get the idea that they have adequately discharged their service to the world, or "expressed themselves," when they have attended to their business and arranged for recreation, some parents would consider seriously whether it would not be wiser to avail themselves of the many excellent day schools 110W within their reach in most of the larger tOWIlS. It is significant that jesus, early 011 in His ministry, declared that the Suffering Servant of Isaiah was the type of the world's Redeemer: significant too that the crowds followed Him until He began to teach His disciples that His way was the way of the Cross.

Then the shadows gathered until they closed in upon the tragedy of earth which we have learned to recognise as the triumph of haven.

We are bound to face the great alternative.

There must be some 1rofound meaning in the words ."What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul."

Phillips Brooks in one of his sermons entitled "The Symmetry of Life" points out that there are three aspects of human development which we are called upon to consider, our duty to ourselves, to others, and to God. The first duty is adequately emphasised to-day as "self-realisation"; in the second we have made some progress by the creation 0'1 the "social conscience" ; but only as we give due attention to the thirdthe training of our religious life=-cau we save the first from. becoming selfish and the second from becoming shallow.

Also it is only as th re is the fullest understanding and co-operation and sympathy b tween the schoolmaster, the parent, and those who would claim our chilchen for the world's work as thcy enter the world, that we can hope for this well-adjusted life, "full-summed ill all its powers," that shall keep faith with the past and yet fulfil all the promise of the future.

E1>tl'H J. Wrt.sox,

Birkcnhead.

The VictQ1'i01j,S Cliurcn, by our Friend H. R. Wa nscy, M.A., lately a misslonnry in Jannn, is a hortatory exposition of the Book of R velation, which he laims as a great text-book of spiritual worship and religion.

The Christian lite is meant to be the victorious life, and as the author says, "it is by conquering that the Christian mak s progress and by no other mea.us."

His purpose theref re in this exposition is to point out tbe way of victory in contrast with the way of defeat.

Our Friend finds "a basis of silence before Goel for true worship and inspired service" instituted by Christ, whell 011 the breaking of the seventh seal by the Lamh, "there was silell'e in heaven for about halfan-bour." 'rhe book appeals to those hUllgering forthe deep tbings of the Spirit. Sold by Headley Bros. IS.

QUAKERISM

[7TH AUGUS'l', 1914.

AND NORMAN ANGELL.

A SUMMER SCHOOl, Al' JORDANS : JULY 17TH-27TI-I. THOSE who believe that in the Peace Movement, as elsewhere, unity is strength, must rejoice that when Mr. Norman Angell and his friends decided to hold a Summer School this July, they chose a place so thoroughly imbued with the traditions of our Society as O1d jordans Hostel.

The surroundings, and especially the bam in which the meetings were held, served as a symbol of the growing unity between the two main bodies of workers for peace and goodwill.

The conference was intended mainly for those of the younger men who have already to some extent, identified themselves with the work and the ideas of Norman Angell.

It was perhaps a little discouraging to find among the seventy or eighty who attended only four or five Friends.

(There were, of course, a few more invited who could not be present.)

Although Friends have, for the most part, given a kind welcome to these new ideas, there has been some hesitation in taking an active share in their propagation, partly because of the undue emphasis the outside world has laid 011.the economic aspect of the argument, owing to its novelty, and partly because Mr. Angell cloes not put the reduction of armaments in the front of his programme, nor advocate non-resistance.

This latter point was thoroughly threshed out at one meeting of the conference, at which the Friends present and others argued for the efficacy of non-resistance, if practised with the willing support of a whole nation.

Those present seemed about equally divided as to whether England ought to take the lead in disarmament now, but when Mr. Townroe, a visitor from the "National Service" League, tried to prove that he and Mr. Angell had much in common, he rccci ved practically 110 support.

The view, that we may safely leave economic arguments to those more "sordid" Ulan ourselves, is probably held by :fcw who have actually read "The Great Illusion," and by none who ha vc read the later work, "The Foundations of International Polity."

Mr. Angell answered it cue morning at Jordans ill words something like this: "Why do we lay so much stress 011 the economic destructiveness of war?

Why do we th ink so much about a mere loaf of bread?

Because a loaf of br ad is the laughter of a child; it is the' condition ol the moral and intellectual as well as of the physical well-b ing of mankind; it is the Joundatiou on which our civilisation has bccu built;" In c nclusion it should be said that Norman Ang-ell preaches the moral and intellectual as well. as the material. interdependence of the nations, and shows how ncar w arc, if we could only recognise it, to the cherished ideal of the brotherhood of man.

Several more or less hostil critics, including' G. K. Chesterton, consented to be the corpus vile of experimental debate, and w re satisfactorily dealt with. Th.cre were also discussions 011 mcthods anc1 tactlcs, and some very valuable practice in "stating ~he case "and in answeringt11 sort of questloll people ask.

Those present were keen and enthusiastic throngJlout, and it should be long b fore the energy generated by this conier nce is exhausted.

R. B. GRAHAM.

7'l'H Aucusr, I9I4.]

THE FRIEND.

S8I

Pioneer Work Amongst the Sakalava.

JAMES W. and BEATRICE M. RYAN are just beginning their work, under the auspices of the F.F.M.A., amongst the wild Saka~ava tribe,. on the. West Coast of Madagascar. ' The following particulars are taken from a personal letter written by B. M. Ryan from Maintirano, and dated zoth May, 1914..

ing so near to the people and in a similar house to their own. We have no meetings except a Sunday morning one with our own household and connection, numbering about nine or ten.

But we have other opportunities. James has workmen with whom he holds daily reading, and 011 Sunday afternoon he bas a gathering Times have changed, and we are living in very of young fellows. We have one of our Sakalava different circumstances from those at Morondava. '" boys with us=-Tamboriska, who works all the We live a very public life, as our house is one week on the land amongst other workmen and of many in a roacl-Sakalava north, east, and his influence is of great weight, Men go to him west of us, and Indians in Iront. vVe have one with questions about Christianity and he is ever ready to speak out for that on which he sets house as a bedroom, and one divided in two is great value. Last Sunday he got up and spoke our sitting room and oddment room.

Meals to those men in a way neither Hova nor we always have out of doors, as the sitting-room European could do.

Sakalava through and through the men listen to him and believe in is too small-the oddment room has no airhim, and I am sure that boy working with his the bedroom is the best room for size and air, but it has no ceiling, and therefore is not too spade all the week is doing as big a work of evangelisation as many a man set aside for the safe unless one constantly wears a helmet. work.

The people here are very ?1ixed-th~re are I too enjoy my Sunday afternoons. I have Sakala va, Makoa, Commorians, AnJouans, a chat time with girls in the house (James bas Indians.

There are two mosques here, and his class in the tent up on the land). So far I although the Moslems have pract.ical.ly no open have only managed to get three girls, ages following of Sakalava, yet their Ideas have about 14, but I am sure others will come soon. strongly influenced the people, especially the It is here your pictures come in so handy. How Makoa portion. The people here are really dark tbey do love pictures! And one can do such a and degraded in thought, and "drink" is the lot of chatting round a picture. We have only curse of the town.

There are a tremendous met two Sundays-s-first we only looked at picnumber of children here and the Tanja-Kana tures for the girls were very shy; last Sunday (Government) school has a very good attendance, they took a great fancy to the picture of baby but the majority are not Sakalava-the Sakalava Moses, so I asked if they would like to hear the element of the town still stand aloof from the story, and they were very interested, making school! We feel it our concern to concentrate ejaculations to each other and discussing it here our efforts 011 the real Sakalaua to begin with. and there as is their manner. I am also looking If we get these first, others will follow, whereas to having a class for boys of similar age 011 if we get the Makoa first (the old slaves) the Sunday mornings. There is such a lot of young Sakalaua 1vill HOt follow! It will be a case of life in this town-big boys and girls and heaps Moronda va over again if we do not win the of small children. When we get in working Sakalava first.

There the church is full of order we shall have tremendous scope for work Mak.oa, and Sakalava ill ones and twos only. here, there can be no doubt, work full of interIt is Mr. Berkeli's one grief that they have not est too. '" got hold of the Sakalava. For this reason I We have to arrange our day to fit i with the am very glad our residence is in the Sakalava work; we breakfast at 6.30 a.lU.; lunch at 10.30; [uarters, so that most of the people we know then a full hour's rest, and tea at I o'clock. At r ally well are those we .specially want to get L30 James is off again until sunset, and when hold of. There is plenty of noise round about he comes home we have our evening meal. It us continually, with the "marary" (sick), and is very different to our Imerina times, and we native games, and the screaming of children. are ready for bed by 8 o'clock 01' 8.30, as our We get it all day long, first from one neighbour, sitting-room is not very airy and we, including then another.

Ranaivosoa (who usually spends his evenings Now a little with regard to our work. Wc are with us, being lonely without his wife) sit under going along quietly. James' wh le day is spent a smallish mosquito netting for protection. It on the laud, wh re things are going forward is not conducive to letter writing when one has 'well, so we only meet at mealtime. However, not proper accommodation, and I am afraid I 1Ily (lay is so full, 'mel there are so many p ople am running up a big debt of letters. always around me that it is imposs ible to feel Yon may be sure we appreciate very much OUI' lonely. 1: am practically out of do?rs all cl.ay 01portunity of having been Oll the West Coast (it seems more natural to work outsid than ,111b fore actually coming here; although there are side this small 1'00111),and people are passmg a goo 1 many words in use here that one docs tb whole time greeting onc anothcr and me in 110tcomc across at Moronclava yet we are more their lou.I way; some stop and have a little chat; or less accustomed to tile spe h of tbe pOll . and with neighbours so close to me therc is 110 Tt "lIould have been disappointing to have come fear of loneliness. Although one certa.iuly do s here straight from 1m dna a11d be ab;.;JuteJy ujoy privacy, yet there is a fascination ill. 1.iv- unable to speak to the people. I have been especially fortunate in that I never had the * Norwegian Missioll Station on the West Coast of Madagascar.

THE t'-RIEND. chance of getting accustomed to speaking Hova, which is a great advantage in getting hold of Sakalava.

I feel very grateful to the home Committee for sending me West so early in my career, although it came rather as a surprise to us at the time.

James is getting things forward on' our land-the schoolroom is marked out, and Ranaivosoa's house is in progress.

We shall move into it when finished, and not even await the completion of the schoolroom, as I expect it will be

b'l'H AUGt1ST, 1914.

some time yet before we get the roofing from home. We shall be glad to get on to our land even if it is some time before we get into our house. We have received the plan of the house, [a wooden house being sent out from England], and think it very nice. We shall be very glad when we hear news of it being shipped. I hope things ,will be. satisfactory this end.

The Messageries Steamship Company treat the West Coast very badly indeed and do their best not to stop at Maintirano.

Bacterised Peat.

By

J.

EDMUND

Cr,ARK,

the casual passenger through Reading for what it is famous and he is pretty certain to reply biscuits and flowers. For very few, it may be feared, even think of the ancient abbey with its great historical associations.

But even the man in the express will know to look out for the names of Huntley & Palmers 'and Sutton, ~s 'he speeds through, and the latter especially, will be impressed 011his memory by the masses of colour from the seed-testingbeds.

These, however, are much surpassed in this respect by Sutton's fresh ground half way 'to London, where the main object is to raise the seed. .

Having heard of the experiments by Professor Bottomley in impregnating peat with special bacterial, cultures f01.'.use as manure, a visit to Reading QllJ111y 4th afforded the opportunity to ask permission to see .the control experiments at pres ut in progress ou Messrs. Sutton's grounds. They most kindly arranged for the superintendent of. these experiments to take me round what proved a most interesting experience in scientific gardening.

A good description will be found in the Cordeuers' Civronicie of June 26t1,.

The chief: experiment consisted in sowing in parallel strips fourteen kinds of vegetable, fodder, atldtlowering seeds.

Each strip was cross divided into five beds A to E each of ten square yards. Presumably all the original soil bad last year been under the same crop and tr atment, but I overlooked ascertaining if such was the case. Anyhow cross strip A was simply d u g wit h011t ad cling any fresh 111 anu re. The soil is very light, almost sanely, and shallow, over gravel beds, consequently v ry sensitive to drought, where no artificial watering was to be allowed.

To strip B bacterised peat was added, and i11 C this was mixed with stable manure.

In D came sulphate of ammonia, which ill E was mixed with stabl manure. It was pointed out that a sixth Cl'OSf; strip with stabl manu]' only was wa 11ted to com P lete th e series a 1'1 cl this is being a lied in some fresh experimellts.

Week by week car [ul notes hav been taken 01: all the seventy plots anc1 the relative conditions Ahtdied, but judgment must be sl1spended for t1le final test of the products. The vegetables arc p tatoes, p as, onions, turnips, mangolds, and cabbage; th 11 follow mixed clovers, alsike, lucerne, sainfoin, mixed grasses; then three rows 0'1'flowers, il1cluclilig nasturtium.

Beror learning what treatment the cross ASK

B.Sc., F.R.MJlT.S.

strips had received 1 assigned places, one to five to six kinds, including all the vegetables except the turnips and tomatoes and peas under pot culture. The drought had made them hopeless in all five beds. It was interesting in nearly every case, to hear Irom Mr. Lovejoy that the hurried estimate thus made tallied with his more considered values. This shows that the differences were appreciable to a tyro. The totals out of the possible thirty were as follows, and for comparison the 路totals are added as assigned in the Ganieners' Chronicle article by the five expert judges, including Professor Bottomley and Mr. M. H. F. Sutton, a week earlier, June 26th.

J.

G. C, (6 sets.)

----A 9

I Gardeners'

----- ---5 36 -----------20 B 2 39 -- ---- ------ ---I C I 61 23 -- ------IS D 3 -- ----- ----- 1--5-7 路E

f7

4

Chronicle(I3

sets.)

----4 -_--3 ---I

---1-34-- ---5

2

change had occurred in the interval from the continued drought, and of course the values were affected by the different selection.

The most notable difference was the Jalling back of the control plot, whilst possibly B had made a relative gain, III both cases the stable manure and peat together showed the best results. With potatoes, peas, and onions strip E, with manure and sulphate of a1111110nia was equal if not better, but both mangolds and tomato s in pots were the worst of the five, and p as in pots little better. The relative conditions have naturally undergone changes in the various stages, and the r al test will of course be Jound ill the market produ e of root or seed. In the case of lettuce and radishes, watered wtih liquid manures, a slight advantage seemed to accrue where bacterised peat solution was used. This was more marked where radishes were grown in soil with various manures, bnt it was found t11at an excess of the peat (807.. insteacl of 40Z. to 192 plants) was prC'juc1ichl.

It will be seen that, while the relative results are still to some extent ullcertain, ther seems little doubt of the manurial value of bacterised peat, especially ;11 combination with ordinary rnan ltre.

S0111

7'l'H Auousr, I9I4路]

THE FRIEND.

Current News Among Friends.

The General Meeting of Ayton School took place on July 29th. At 10.30 there was a meeting for worship which was followed by the usual reading of essays on Friends' Principles by the sixth form, and the recitation of Scripture passages and selections by the younger children.

At 2.45 the swimming bath became the centre of attraction where the visitors-numbering now about 130-watched the final events of the boys' and girls' sports. Although the day was warm the water was cold and some of the longer races were omitted. During the interval before tea the school band playeel on the terrace, and there was leisure for strolling through the beautiful grounds belonging to the school.

At 5.30 the meeting-house was crowded to its fullest capacity. Joshua Rowntree presided, and gave a stirring address, in which he encouraged

9 and 10 years old can make. Stencilling, woodwork, chip carving, and fancy work were also much to the fore.

At Bootham School a successful term finished 011 July 30th. The new swimming bath, presented by the Old Boys at Whitsuntide, has proved a great success. Examinations were held in connection with the Royal Life Saving Society.

A number of boys passed the Elementary and Proficiency Certificates, and there was a good entry for the bronze and silver medallions. All candidates for the bronze and silver medallions were successful.

Thirty-one took the bronze and seven the silver. The winners of the silver medallions who receive the award of merit, are Hart, Macgregor, Mortimore, O'Brien, WilSOll 1., 'Wood 1. The batting bat was awarded to Wood, and the bowling bat to

CHRIS'!'M:AS DAY, 1913, A'!' MBABAN1'.

Annie Frances Taylor (in white) Is on the left of the three Europeans in centre of the group.

the boys and girls to be strenuous ill al1 they undertook. He reminded us that our education is never ending', and that our school days are merely a preparation. The headmaster in his report touched on some changes introduced during the year, among which were the beginning of a prcj aratory class and the alteration of the punishment system. The number of children in th school had been higher than ver before. In the unavoidable absence of Mrs. Joshua Rowntree, the ] rizes were distributed by Mrs. Fothergill, who paid a tribute to the work which was being carri cl 011 at Ayton School.

Mortimore.

An admirable lecture 011 Alcohol was given to the Mount and Bootham by Dr. C. 路W. Saleeby.

In external examinations Braithwaite and Pierce passed one part of the Cambridge Previous, eight boys passed the school examination of the University of London (Matriculation standard), and one the Senior Examination.

E. B. Butler took honours, B. Priestrnan passed the Intermediate Examination in Science (Engineering); he also WOll the Le Tall Essay Prize for an essay 011 "The Age." The School Scholarship (value 拢,2 0) was awarded to J. C. S. Macgregor.

During th cl y an exhibition of work was 011 view in the gymnasium. This included many examples of riginal design and some good brushwork, Every girl exhibits at least one piece of plain needlework-usually a garment suitable for her own wear-and it is wonderful what really useful things little fingers of girls

Ov r sixty Old Leightonians gath red at Leighton Park for the Old Leightonians ' weekend from July 24th to July 27tll. Fine weather on .the whole preva~le~, and tl;e gathering ov r which Dr. H. B. Gibbins presided, was a gr at success. The school easily won the tennis match, but the Old Leightonians still more easily beat

----

THE FRIEND. the

school

at cricket.

This year the Old attended the school Sunday evening meeting, held 011 this occasion in the gymnasium.

During the week-end, presentations were made to Miss Wilson who is resigning the post of matron of Grove House after holding it for eighteen years.

The gifts included a dressing case from old Grove boys, and silver mounted brush and comb and mirror from present boys.

Leightonians

---

One attraction of the gathering was the tangible evidence that the buildings suggested under the 1914 scheme are materialising.

The "temporary class-rooms," after twenty years 01 patient waiting have been removed, renovated, and re-erected to the south of the swimming bath; their final use will be as workshop and art-room respectively.

The reconstruction and enlargement of the science block and the addition of two covered fives courts are being proceeded with apace so as to be ready for use next term.

The date of the formal opening of these, and of the foundation laying of the new central block, with large hall, library, and four rooms, is October 3rd; the Minister for Education has consented to open them and the Chairman of the House of Commons will, on the same clay, play one of the first games of fives in the courts.

It is hoped that playing with. his brother, Mr. S. R. Whitley, a neighbour 0:[ Leighton Park, he r~ay be oppose 1 by two governors of the school.

I he scheme includes provision for some estate improvements as well as for new buildings and also for the ostahlishrucut of a subtantial bursary Iuud, The amount asked for is £30,000, of which between £16,000 and £17,000 has been promised.

The recently published Cambridge Tripes lists show that Leighton Park fully maintains its place this year.

It gains a First Cla~s in Engineering, a First Class in Natural SCIence, Part 1. (as a result of the Iattcr Christ's Coll~ge awards .T. M. DOW1l; a Bachelor Scholarship), Se and Class ill Law, Part 1.

Four Old Leightonians were in Cambridge boats at Henley r gatta, thre in First Trinity s conc1 boat, and one ill the Trinity Hall boat.

The last name 1 is D. W. Collier, who has just finish d a brilliant undergraduate course at Cambridge.

He is a Fon ndation Scholar of his Call gc, has gained First Classes in Mathernati sand i.11 Engineering, and has been included iu the University trials in rowing.

Earlier in the year E. S. Harris gain d an Open Mathematical Scholarship at St. Jollu's College, Cambridge; E. 1.

Lloyd won his hall-blue f,?,' nt1.1llill);, :;nd J. F. O. King represented the U111 vcrsity against Oxford in the Oyumasium.

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The Gell .ral M etil1g of Saffron Wald n School was h lel on JtlIy 28th, the attendance being larger tha1] on many previous years. ]n thc 1I1ortling th nsnal inspe tion of classes by visitors took place, and after dinner th boys gave an exllibition of: aqnati. s in the swimming bath.

During the clay specll11ens. of c.arp nt.ry, plain and fancy neecllework, draw11'1gs lU des,;gn model and other branch s, photographs, £oss11s, and diaries, at1d numerous subjects representing out-of-sehool work wel'e inspected by par nts and friends, and in most lepartments the work was considered above the average of other years.

b1'H

AUGUS'l',

1914·

'The company assembled for the conference at 3.30, Gurnell C. Green in the chair, and after the announcement of scholarship a wards by .T. B. Crosfield, a programme of musical items, recitations, songs, &c., was pleasantly rendered by the children, On the withdrawal of the latter the chairman read the reports of the various examining committees, aud other matters of interest connected withthe welfare of the school were discussed.

Reference was made to the kindly feeling evidenced between teachers and taught, and the pleasant social freedom of the household.

Report was also made of the excellent health of the school during the past term.

The itinerary of the school tramp from July 30th to August 8th promises an informing and happy time.

Visits are arranged to Ely Cathedral, the Museum, Guild Hall, and Bishop's Palace at King's Lynn; the Priory, Roman Camp and N011Jlan Castle at Castle Acre; the Museum, Castle, and St. Peter's Church at Norwich; the Saxon earth works at Thetford, and Grim's Graves, where some pre-historic flint workings have recently been laid bare.

These and other interests, with a clay on the Broads, are an attractive prospect to a party of thirty, including present and Old Scholars and friends, under the guidance of four members of the school staff.

Wigton School General Meeting was held 0]] the 29th July, when they were favoured with excellent weath r and a large company of parents and friends, The proceedings opened with a meeting for worship, at which the pr dominant note was one 0'[ thankfulness for the good work effected by the school in the past and ill the present.

In the business meeting reference was made to special expenditure incurred over improvements, including the joining up with the Wigton water supply.

A Friend announced that he was authorised to say that anoth r Friend was willing to pay the cost incurred ill connection with the water supply but he did not wish to have his name disclosed.

The girls' drilling, the swimming, which included illustrations of life-saving methods, and the 'first-aid displays by the boys, with stretchers auc1 bandages, afforded much inter st to the SI ectators.

The items of the afternoon programme which roused most interest were the recitation of a speech by John Bright, and a chemical demonstration 1 y aile of th boys.

'I'h certificates, meda Is. and prizes were distributed

by Mrs. J01111 Wi ll iamsou , of Cockcrtnouth. 'rh leaving s holarsh ip was won

by Bessie Pickcring , who is the th ird of the family to obtain this distinction.

Through fh kindness of H. DIHlg tt, of Stok Park, the Guildford Ac111lt School;; of 111 11 aml women were able to hold tlleir 4th Allnllal Garden 1. arty 011 Saturday, July 25th, lo whi II they invited the blind, th - maim and the llalt, both young and aIel. It was a 1'eal joy to se these suH ring folk basking in the Rll1'lshine, sipping their tea while listening to nJl gramopholle records, or grollp d sil1gi11g all the velvetlike lawns o'f tllis delightfltl garden, whil those less afflict d were able, with the help of tlleir crutches or a friendly supporting aml, to stroll among the flowers.

The schools arc gr atly ill-

71'H AUGus'!',

1914.]

THE FRIEND.

debted to Messrs. W. Cole, G. Copus, T. Edwards, and H. E. Smith, for their generous aiel in conveying and returning the patients by motor and side-car, some of the elderly folk enjoying a ride for the first time in their lives; while others were brought by the members in bath-chairs lent for the occasion.

A photograph of the assembled guests, about 100, was taken by a member of the school, and it is hoped that as a memento of the occasion a print will be sent to each one. Needless to add such a tea party could not have been arranged without much previous work, but those who laboured were abundantly repaid by the pleasure which showed itself on the patient and contented faces of their welcome visitors to whom a few words of friendly sympathy and greeting were addressed in one of the intervals.

John W. Barry recently spent a few days in the Birmingham area addressing open-air meetings on "How Conscription works in Australia."

At one meeting in the Bull Ring about 300 people were present, and J. W. Barry spoke also on "Peace and Armaments."

The meetings were held under the care of the Warwickshire North Monthly Meeting Peace Committee.

John VV. Barry helel two successful open-air meetings at Guildford on Tuly 25th and 26th.

On Saturday, .T.W. Barry spoke on Conscription in Australia.

He dealt fully with the subject on which he has ample first-hand information.

T. Crawford also spoke, dealing with the armament ring.

On Sunday evening .T. W. Barry's address was on the Alternative to the proposals of the National Service League, He pointed out that if the money spent 011 Dreadnoughts was used to keep boys and girls at school till they were 16 or IS, they would be a greater asset to the nation than they arc when trained for the army and navy. A number of questions were asked at each of the meetings and readily answered by the speakers.

The open-air peace meeting at Stockport on Monday, 'I'ucsday, and Wednesday, mention <1 ill last week's Flul';ND, were wcll attended, and the lecturer, H. Hrown , representing Ole Northern Frieuds ' Peace Hoard, luid a very attentive It aring.

H. Hrowns efforts were mainly directed to showing the bearing of Will' upon the workers.

Questi ns, in lud iug s vcral notably concerned with the cl ispla cm ut of armament workers that would lollow the success 01: our efforts, were ill tll ma.in answered to the satisfaction 01: tlle ql1eristR, I-I. Drown's aSSl1ralle that h had . been abl to satisfy a very lal'ge nllmber of the Harrow armament worl- rs 011 tll point helping' considerably in tllat di1路ectioll. Th re was a very good all Jor lit ratlll'e and th result:; generally ar v ry lleotlraging.

In continuation of tlle reports printed ill last we k's 'urrellt N ws E. Harold Marsh sends liS the foll Wi11g partietllars of his Scandinavian tour :-"After the Danish annual 111 etillg a part y of twenty-one Friends, of wh 111 abo1tt half were from Norway, England, ancl America, visited some .fishing villages anu farms in a

585

distant corner of the island of Sjaelland (Zealand).

Three public meetings were held and the visitors had a very much appreciated opportunity for social intercourse and a glimpse of home life and hospitality in rural Denmark.

The party left Copenhagen by train at an early hour and finished the journey in a little steamer which took them to the extremity of the island.

Lunch was served at a temperance inn and there was then a few hours to spare for rest, bathing, 01' exploration.

In the evening a Friends' meeting was held at a mission room and some eighty or more people were present.

The meeting lasted nearly two hours, and the vocal ministry was shared by .Tohan Marcussen, Max 1. Reich, Wilhelm Pedersen (from Stavanger, Norway), Joseph El kinton, John F. Hansen and others.

A particularly satisfactory feature of the meeting was the spontaneous public testimony of the local shoemaker who had been admitted into membership the day before.

The visitors were much impressed with the way that the villagers entered into the spirit of a form of worship quite new to them. There is 110 regular Friends' meeting in the district, and never has been, but it is quite possible that Hundested will soon be added to the list of places where meetings are to be found.

"A meeting was held at a neighbouring farm called Strandgaarden, on the following evening when Max 1. Reich and .Toseph Elk inton had good service in the open-ail' amongst people whose daily work, here, as at most other farms in Denmark, is to prepare dairy produce for the English market.

By Wednesday, 2211d, most of the visitors had returned to their homes or other destinations, but Johan Marcussen and two from England remained and these accepted an invitation to another large farm where they arrived during family worship, which ill Denmark is generally after the mid-clay meal rather than in the morning.

A meeting was appointed and hymnbooks were distributed but not used, and S01l1Cthirty attended a Friends ' me tiug {or the first time in their lives and worshipped silently or listened attentively to the ministry of Max Reich."

Friends in Guernsey, although not strong numerically, enter actively into the religious life of the Island, besides keeping up their own rucctinp (held both morning and evening') and a small Sun lay School.

They are represented 011 the local Free Church Council, and share .i11its 01 ell-airs rvice on Sunday cvening, aft r the ordinary services arc over.

A 111 lI1ber of the rneeting (Bdwin C. CUl11ber) is Se retary of the (~l1el'llSey ] ranch of the vVisbeeh Local Peace Association.

This branell was started som nine years ago, a1lcl lUIS over 400 members, eaell of wh01l1 has signed tlle cl ' laratioll: "1 believe all war t be ontrary to the mind of hrist, ... anel a111desirOl1S to do what T can to further the canse of Peace."

The SUbscription to Ole Asso intion is only on penn)' p r annl1111, tlllls placing it within tllc 11'1 an!> of all. 'rh gatllel'illg in of th se penny sltbseriptions and the distribution of the ann11al l'eport by voluntary 11 lpers keeps the l11eml Cl'S ill touch with the organisation.

Pllblle meetings are also helc1 from time to ti1l1e, ani lit rature distributed.

THE FRIEND.

586

[7'1'H

Atrcusr,

I9I4·

those. who .honestly want to do right and are not certain which way to. take: They plan the best they can, then something hinders the execution of PIRS'£-DAY SCHOor, LJ\SSON I,'OR AUGUS'£ 16'£H. ~helr piau; they cannot go forward as they bad intended, are forced, as it were, into another path, P1'OV81'bs iv, 20-27, xvi.

1-9 and then they find that that is where God was THE two parts of this lesson are from the two leading them all along.

The fact then that God is different sections of the Book of Proverbs to which interested in a man's thoughts and actions is a chief reason for doing and thinking right. reference was made in last week's not'es.

The second is taken from a collection of short and .Cha.pt&1' 'iV_. 20-27: This passage is a connected pithy sayings, which accounts for its disconnected piece of advice, which the sage gives to his pupil character.

Some of the verses seem to have a addressed here, as elsewhere in the book as definite bearing on the subject of our Jesson, son." The words of wisdom are to be listened to namely, verses I, 2, 3, 5, and 9, but the rest. verses remembered, and "kept in the midst of the heart'; 4- and 6-8 d~al with other matters, and open up (verses 20, 2I).

The last words mean that the problems which would, were we to discuss them, w,ords of wisdom are to !)e loved above all things, take away attention from the main point. g1veil the central place 111 the affections and are . The word "heart" occurs in the title and in both to influence the whole life.

This is evert more portions; it is therefore essential that we should clearly expressed in th~ following verse (22). understand what is meant by it. _As we moderns Verse 23 gives the lesson 111 a nutshell.

It is from use the word, except, of course, in the merely our affections and thinking that our life is govphysical sense, we always mean the affections.

We erned.

W~ ~re not depe1~del1t simply ou the things speak of a tender-hearted or hard-hearted person, about us; it 1S how we think and feel towards them aud mean by that, a person rich or noor in love that really decides our action, for action springs and sympathy.

The Hebrew also meant this by from the heart, it cannot be compelled by anyheart, but he meant more.

Psychologists often thing outside us. The remaining verses point out classify our inward states into thinking, feeling, some of the ways in which the heart is to control and willing, and generally we should speak of the the life. The first is our talking (verse 24). What heart in connection with the second of these only. we say has sometimes a very much wider and But according to the Hebrews' way of thinking, all deeper influence than we are aware of. Our Lord three processes went on in the heart.

This is more said, "By thy words shalt thou be justified. and by than a mere difference in names, it implies a deeply thy words shalt thou be condemned" (Matt. :xii. 37), rooted difference ill thought.

Eirst, it means that and the context shows that He meant that what a the Hebrew thought of man's spiritual nature as a man s<1;Yswhen he is off .his guard really shows unity.

'Ne try to do so too, but the common what his thoughts and desires ate. \Ve wish that division into three tends to hinder lIS. Secondly, the spirit of wisdom may dwell in our hearts and the Hebr w chose the heart as the symbol for the induce in us right thoughts an 1 desires.

The first whole spiritual nature of man, because he realised advice then of our author is, "do not express in that finally it is the affections that rule us. What ~vord.s wrong. ane;, ull?eslrable thOU~.~ltS." Perhaps a man Iikes and dislikes is really what will, ill the It WIll be said, Is It not hypocritical to repress end, decide his thinking and his action. It is this one's natural feelings?"

If we repress them in thought that is central in our lesson to-day. "Keep order to deceive, ill order to be takeu for better thy heart with all dilijreucc ; for out of it are the than "ie are, it is hypocritical.

But if we repress issues-of life" (iv. 23), expresses the main thought them because they are wrong, and we wish they of the lesson. We might paraphrase it "See that were not there, there is nothing hypocritical about you like the right things, for success or failure the action.. \Ve may not at first be' able to repress depeJlds upon that." wrong deSIres, but we ean refuse to express them.

ChaPter xvi. 1-9. Tt will be convenient to (1iscuss A~11 llnless It c~esire is cher~she~ or expressed, it ill.ill passoge first. The verses which deal with thc WIll llaturally dIe. Not only 1S HllS so, there is also !-Iuhject in hand (see above) all e111pha,sise in oue the other side, if the evil thought is repressed, it way 01' other the fact that God is concerned with at most damages the one who has it, if it is exthe thoughts llnd deeds of -a man. The :fi.rst verse presseel in words or actions, no one ean tell where "ends as if it l1lel1nt "wise thoughts are human, but its influence will end. (CL James iii. I-I2.) A wi~' words ore c1iviue"; bnt this of ourse cannot carelessly spoken unkind word, which was only he the meaning; one l11Ust ltl1derstand it to mean half meant is he.arcl by someone, is sl1pposed to rather, that 1IIan is able to plan and sch me, I ut express the considered opinion oJ the speaker, is is lependeJ1t on God for power to put his planA into quoted, exagg-erated, and passed on, and an imexecution.

Much lllore then is he, if he woull but measurable amount of harm is clone thereby.

Again re o~nise it, dependent 011 G<J'[ f r the power of w I'ds som,ctimcs commit us to action. 'We have I11nking plans. VIse 2, (l man g es 011 his way taken others io witness that W' think Rl1eh and such witbout reflectiou, n vel' thinking but what he is a thing, aud if the opportunity to tnt it into action do.ing right, hilt God looks deepe1' than the outshoul I arri~e, they will exp et ns to act I1pon OU1' ward nets, He seeR the motives.

'L'Jl e infer 'J1'e iH wO.rds. It ~s thcn very n· <: 'ssnry from all tbese not clrawll, but surely what is meant is, seeing that poltlts of VIeW that ottr words shonld express our it is the inwarcl springs of a tion that God weighs, best selves; th selves we want to bc.

But to it is 1llan's duty hi111Re1fto eXAmine his motives, make olle's words right, will not alone sl1ffi.c. 01le :111el see that they are pm·e. Vel's 3, not only do must llave a worthy aim in lif , and steadily make Illotives influence fiction, th r verse is also true. for it (verse 25). In ploughing it is ne essary to If Otlr actions Are Btl 'h as we CRn commit to God, onr tliollghts will be of a sort that He can cO·1rnrl11. 'fix one's ey s on Rorn.e distant obje ,t anl guide the plough strnig-ht for it, then the furrow will be God is then here lllainly thoug;ht of ns jndge, but straight.

So ill life, unless olle hAS some great itt vel'ses sand 9 we get the thought of Him os the obj et, towards which one ('an bend all one's attenfinal diRposer of events. Verse 5, wi.ckedneRs may t,iOll, ~)1Ie'Hconrl'e ~vil1 be it Hort of zig-zag, aiming loug go tl'lpllllishecl, but ll0t for 'ever.

God is -fi.rst 111 one 111'ectton ~l1lcl then in another wit]l dgbteollH, and in the en'[ wicl'edn ~SR will fail and nothing ACC011lplishec1At the cncl. The oth~r two th right triulllph.

So too, verse 9, 11 1IIall makes v I'SCR -furth '" emphasise the !Hl111ethought.

If one his plans, but God overrules them. "Man proposes; has an aim worth I'trivillg for, it is worth while to Goo disposes."

This is not merely the case where ttlke Rom troubl to achieve it, to make a pa.th, a 1llan sets himself to go his own way. without re\VlllCh others eau tread as well.

W. E. W. gard to God's will; even more it is experien 'ed by

THE SHRINE

OF THE HEART.

"My

71'H AUGUST, I9I4.]

THE FRIEND.

~ar:rtspanltmc.c.

[The Editor

is not responsible for' the opinions his Correspondents.]

of

THE MAKERS OF WAR. To the Edi.tor of The Friend.

DEAR FmEND,-As yet this is not an Armageddon of nations.

The Yellow Press have as yet failed to ignite the animal passions and racial prejudices of the people.

The respective peoples are indeed without a vestige of genuine grievance.

So far it is a war of rulers.

They alone, with the cosmopolitan bankers and the armament interests, are responsible Ior, and are the instigators of, this hideous crime that is upon us.

The Governments, and the financial interests that hold them in their grip, have become hardpressed by intestine and industrial discontent.

Norman Angell may preach that international war has ceased to be profitable, but those in power know only too well that an international dispute, however obviously engineered, however transparent the pretext, and however barbarous and devastating its effects, may be vital to the maintenance of their own prestige as a last desperate gamble to stave off a social revolution.

How often has war proved a trusty stimulant to "loyalty"!

It is a grotesq ue but terrible anomaly, that, let even the most corrupt, oppressive and tottering government declare war, and its own subjects will forget their social wrongs in a passion of perverted patriotism: they will further forget who will have to give life and labour to meet the reckless squandering indulged in by the very rulers they blindly acclaim.

Never was war more unjustifiable: the tru patriot is therefore surely the man of peace. =-Youts &c., O'l'WAY M'CANNF.TJ" A.R.C.A. St. Stephens, St. Albans, 3 vii i., I914.

THE WAR AND PEACE PRINCIPLES. To the Editor of The Friend: Df:AR FRmND,-I have just returned from the "war against war" demonstration in Trafalgar Square, a magnificent cxarnpl of the awakening of a s riOUR working class conscience against not merely the present war, but all war.

By a paradox i.t was th firebrand of the re ent strikes.

Ben Tillett, whos speech most nearly ref cted the general attitude of the thousands of listeners -not fulmination against "the blood thirsty monarchs" and "scheming diplomats" of some other speakers, but an am. eal to the broth rhood of th - workers, British, A ustriau, German, Russian and French who had 110 [uarr 1 ancl who ontemplatec1 with horror th thought of . slaught ring one anotll' r.

A :f w members of what may perhaps most aptly be all d th "b cr and 1 eef brigade" diRcnssed G rmallY and Ger.mans in terms o路r "toy mak rs" and "sanRages," but they rcc ivedlittl Ryrnpathy and we cl cl ut by t.h h avy raiu ill the midclle of the pro e dings, n)e war party left only 011 rcpr S lltativ -on my sidc oE tll plinth at any mte-to vote against the resolutiol1 in favonr of p a at th clos of the 111eetil1g.

Jl rnaI'd Shaw on Saturday wrote in the Daily 'itizclI. whos l' cl post r, "Thon shalt not kill" struck n finc note in th Squarc, that "it is 11

use piling up armaments and blustering for years, and then when the first shot is fired suddenly joining the Quakers."

True, and ho~ far are we to blame for not spreading more ear~lestly our message that t? live in that spirit which takes away all occasion of war "is the only safeguard against the war fever?"

Nevertheless, it is hardly to the credit of those with the truest wishes for their country at this crisis -that the only active protest at the time of writing has been left to the International Soc.ial Bureau and its allied organisations here, :vhlle those who should be the friends of peace 111 other spheres have not yet made active and vis ible protest.

The sheets are full of the Sunday war editions of the Times and the Daily Mail lVi~h their incitements to join the fray from motives of self-preservation.

What are the eh urches, the progressives in all parties, doing that they stand 011 one Ride and let matters drift?

No one knows what may have happened by the time these lines are in print, but may be we shall be in the midst of the supreme testinz time which Friends in this country have had t'; undergo for their principles.

God grant we may stand firm and show that whatever may be the sacrifice there is a better way.H. W. PElT. J2, Peat Hill, Syclenham.

THE WAR:

A SUGGESTION.

To the Editor oj The Friend.

DEAR FRIEND,-Friends who are able to correspoud in German, French, or other continental language have the power to do something towards international peace. Letters to continental newspapers, those pap rs of conrse that would be likely to publish their letters, would explain the position of this country and counteract the jingo newspapers of various countries W110 will undoubtedly represent Britain as waiting to step in when it is most advantageous to her.

Any correspondence between people in this country and people on the continent would serve as a means of furthering international peace even now.-Yonrs sincerely, , YDNJWPUG:r.nrm.

95, Ehn Vale, Liverpool, August 3rd, T9I4.

FRIENDS' MEMORIAL. Memorial/rom the Society 0/ Frlcuds meeting at Mount Stre.et. Mancheste?', Aiigus; 2nd. T9T4: "In the [ace of the unhappy war now being wag d in Europe, we vi w with horror and dismay the possibility of om country being involved.

The quarr 1. is no concern of onrs, and whilst w regard all war as being inconsistent with Christianity, the Lolly of our interventioll in this present war would be most deplorable.

"We would urge np011 the Gov 1'11111 nt the neccs:ity of the inllllcc1iate declaration of th 11 ntrality of this conntry, b lieving that such a st p woull be to the enormons aclvantag of onr own fellow-countrymen, and would Rtr ngthcll the hand!' oE 0\11' MiniRters ill their eHorts to limit th sphere of warlike operrttio11S and if possiblc to hring' ahont the c Rsation of ltostilitieR. "Sig-n cl on b half of the 111 eting' : "HJ~NRY GAMliTT, E. Vll'ONT BROWN."

588

THE FRIEND. VIVISECTION. To the Editor of The Friend.

[7'ÂŁH Anonsr,

IgI4.

the agitation for their prohibition.c-. Yours faithfully, LEONARDDONCASTER.

DEARFRIEND,-When I wrote the letter more To the Editor of The Friend. than two months ago, which started the COlTeDEARFRmND,-The vivisection controversy in spondence 011 vivisection, I had no desire to' begin a controversy, and in any case did not your columns has cleared the air. At any rate intend to take further part in. it. My object was ~t has ~hown, as J. A. Gill suggests, that there simply to appeal to the Yearly Meeting not to IS n<;> sl~l1l?lec1ear-~ut solution of the problem of the infliction of p.a111for the sake of knowledge. come to a decision which I knew many Friends would disapprove, and the correspondence which Most people admit that we may inflict pain or has followed has shown, that in this respect at hardship in the lower animals for our convenience, comfort, or food. If so, surely we may use least, I was 110t mistaken.

The correspondence has ranged over a very them for the a.cquisition of knowledge, or in the wide field, and it would be scarcely possible to treatment of disease. If I may subject my horse to a surgical operation that he may the 1110re discuss the whole of it. The chief questions that have arisen appear to be (I) whether ex- tra~tably draw my carriage; or if I may perirncnts 011 animals give rise to as much seriously over-drive him ill a matter of life or suffering as "anti-vivisectionists" believe, and death, obviously I may experiment with his blood serum for the cure, real or <:l1pposed,.of (2) whether it is justifiable to inflict any pain diphtheria. But in this, as in all matters of the for the sake of the advance of scientific and medical knowledge. The second of these ques- application of principle, to practice it is imtions is a purely moral one, and cannot be possible to draw hard and fast lines. At one end settled by appeal to facts, and since it is gener- of the scale, no one, e.g., would object to tbe ally admitted, even by those who abstain from prick of a hypodermic needle. But the delibereating meat, that the infliction of some pain is ate infliction of torture would be inadvisable whatever the results hoped for. And in this justifiable, as in the breaking in of horses or the connection it is very significant, so far as my killing of vermin, the problem resolves itself into whether physiological experiments are so observation goes, that the elaborate cruelties painful as to be morally indefensible. No one that have been practised, and still are practised denies that the higher animals are capable of ill some countries, have been worthless from a scientific point of view. In the last resort, it is feeling pain, but in spite of the arguments that only the educated conscience, individual or have been given to the contrary, I believe that social, that can decide the limits of our action. we are apt to ascribe to them much more intense capabilities of suffering than they possess.

And already the social conscience of the country Capacity for suffering depends to a large extent has' brought about restrictive legislation, with all the. imagination, and it is well known that insistence 011 anaesthetics, &c., which has en" uncivilised man is far -less sensitive than such orrnously diminished the sum of animal suffer" people as ourselves-a fact to which many mis- ing. The law is doubtless evaded more or less, sionaries can testify.

Similarly horses, and as all laws are. If this is so, let Humanitarians, probably dogs arc much more sensitive than such among whom I would class myself, bend their animals as guinea-pigs and rats, and in the vast energies to remedy laxity of observance, inmajority of "painful" experiments it is these stead of carrying 011a futile crusade for the ablatter animals that arc used. As examples of olition of all experimental research. the apparent callousness 0-[ animals to pain, I It is a significant fact that this discussion will give two instances.

When breeding rats coincides with the growth of a very wide spread for experiments in heredity two of my rats interest. in the psychic and spiritual aspect of fought with such fury that one of them had the the healing art. I venture to say that 0111'hope skin of a fore leg stripped completely from near for the future lies in the combination of spiritual the shoulder to the wrist. Although its limb sensitiveness 011 the one hand, with profound was almost completely flayed, I found it feeding scientific knowledge on the other. As a type of with the others and behaving without the slightthis, the name of Lord Lister bas been menest sign of suffering. A friend of mine ill the tioned. I had myself the privileg of being a course of a physiological research, performed an pupil and a worker in the wards of that great operation on a cat, which ill the case of man man in the early seventies. He was a "viviwould be regarded as very severe. It was, of sector," still carrying on the researches that course, clone under anacsthcti , and when com- have made him one of the greatest benefactors pleted the animal was laid down to C0111e round, of the human race ill all history. To this clay While the op rater eli1 a second experiment 011 I recall his noble presence, his benignant glance, another cat. The first cat r cov reel conscious- his gentleness of touch, his quiet gracious symness without my friend noticing it, and to his pathy j from his whole being spiritual force surprise it suddenly leaped from the ground on ra Hated and healed. Personally I can recognise to h is shoulder, and sat th ere purring and watch- no limit to the possibilities of "spiritual" hal" ing the se iond op ration. Some will perhaps ing, But the one danger ill its practice is the say that it was b seechinjr mercy 'for.its fellow, charlatanvy that inevitably results when it is but T hope this explanation will not commend divorced from the slow, painstaking, and someits If to you r read ers. times pa,insgi'Ving acquisition of ]mowleclge of If, then, it is admitted that such pain as is the physical basis of life. It is on this ground, 11lAicteclin the ordinary op rations of fitock-rais- among many others, that i11discriminate oppositug and agriculture iR justifi.able.â&#x20AC;˘ a.llc1if, as I tion to all research that illvolves the use of the believe, pltys,iological experiments ill general lower animals is to be deprecated.- Yours sinare rarely 1110r painf!ll, I can see 110 ground :for cerely, J. S. BOOTHROYD, M.D.

7'l'H AUGUS'l',

THE FRIEND.

1914.]

To the Editor

of The Friend.

DEARFRIF.ND,-Having read the recent correspondence 011 vivisection, I gather that where we anti-vivisectionists are fundamentally wrong is that we have imbibed "the modern fallacy about pain" in holding it "to be necessarily evil and to be avoided at any cost," whereas a capacity for suffering is "an essential part of the service and discipline of life."

At the same time we learn that all the horror and torture of vivisection is justified by its having prevented "an immense amount ofsuffer~l1g both to men and animals," thereby deprivIllg them, alas! of this "essential part of the service and discipline of lije." Our inability to follow this line of argument can only be attributed to the notorious incapacity for "clear thinking" which results from harbouring humanitarian sentirnent.c=Tb ine sincerely, I3, Charlotte Road, JOSl\l'H E. Sotrrrrxr.r..

Edgbaston, Birmingham, 27 vi i., 19T4·

The Old Leightonians' Cricket Tour began at Kendal on Saturday, July rSth, and finished at Leighton Park on Saturday, July 25th. As Ackworth were unable to arrange a fixture, a match was played against Selby, Londesborough , The following took part ill the tour: I-J1. Marriage (Captain), B. W. Doncaster, E. Cadbury, J. P. Fox, R. M. Goodbody, R. Holdsworth, J. F. Holdsworth, O. S. Hopkins, T. W. Hopkins, P. Keen, A. S. Lloyd, R. I-Jl. Lloyd, M. Marriage, and 'vV. Thursby.

The results were two wins and four losses, two of them by narrow margins.

Scores :-Stm.m.ongate Sehoo/" X74 (Cortnzzi 71), Old Leighionian«, 165 (Thursby 46, Goodbody 44) ; Ayton School, 179 (Robertson 52, Dennis 33), v. Old Leigntonians, 159 (Goodbody 40, Doncaster 35) ; Old Leightonia:l'1.s, 99 (Doncaster 32), v. Reireat , Yo1'l~,

V.

J84 for 7 (Hoddington Si, Sweeting ,56, F. Holdsworth 6 for 30) ; Bootham School, 166 (Hart 37 not out, Armstrong 34), v. Old Le·iglJ.tonia.ns, 2 J for 7 CR. Lloyd .16, A. R. Lloyd 50 not out, Gooc1hoc1y49) ; Ldghto'l1,'ians,

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J. C. S. MACGRl,GOnhas gAin d lllc !lootham School C011llllel1l ration Scholarship (vnlue £200). nnrn·! M. TUTTYhas obtained Honoul's in History, T-Janguagc, and Physiology in th· Joint Board :D;x.nl1lillation of the Fitzroy Sql1a1'e Troining Collegc for Tea hers of the Deaf.

590

THE FRIE~D.

[7'l'H AUGUST,

1914.

SIR EDWARD GREY telegraphed to the German GovAug.4. ernment. requesting an assl1ranc~ that they Will respect the neutrality of Belgium.

A satisfactory reply was required by midnight.

Aus~mIA formally declared war on Servia.

July 28. The. ~ns~ian Government ordered tl~e . mobilisation of fou:teen army corps 111 the neighbourhood of the Austrian Frontier. of FIGHI'ING took place on the Danube and the Servians July Z9. blew up th~ bridge over the Save heDuring t.he month of August the Sunday evening tween Semlin and Belgrade. Belgrade meeting w111be held at the house of R. Y. Sturge, was bombarded by the Austrians, and was reported 25, ~ombe Park, Bath, at 6.30 p.rn., instead of the to have been taken. rneeting-house.

RUSSIA began mobilising her a [my on the German July 80. frontier.

The Bonk rate in London wa.f; advanced from 3 to 4 per cent.

Business on the Stock Exchange was almost at a standstill.

AUGUST. RUSSIAN mobilisation continued.

The German GovHOT,r,QWAYFRI1lNDS' MrmUNG-Himsll.

Jul 81 ernment sent a note to St. Petersburtr 9th. "Om' Life Hid with Christ in God." J. '/I . demanding the reason of these preparaRowntree Gillett, tions, and declared Martial Law within the Gerrna n Hmpire.

The Rank rate in London was advanc d to 8 per cent. The Stock Exchange was closed.

JULY. A CONSUl/I'A't'WN between King George V. and Mr. HAR~I~.-I6th.

At Sunnyside, Cockerrnouth, to Aug. t, Asquith took place at Bucking ham \OV11ham and Gwendolen Harris (n.ee Angus) a Palace at 1.30 to 2 a.m. daughter, who was named ndith Anne.

Germany demanded that Russia should demobilise Gm~IN~.-29th.

At 49.. Stirling' Road. Edcbaston, within twelve hours. The Russian Government reR1TI111ngham, to DaVId and Ethel H. Gibbins, a fused to accede and Germany declared war.

SOl1.

GT1,RMANY invaded Luxemburg, en route for France, CAUnURY·-3Tst. ~t T, Redington Road. HAmpstead, and crossed the French frontier at Cirey. to Lucy, the wife of Henry T. Cadbury. A son, Aug. 2.

Hostilities also took place on the Russowho was named John Anthony.

German frontier.

AUGUST. There was a meeting of the Privv Council at \Vrr,T,IS·-3rc1.

At 29, Tunstall Avenue, West Buckingham Palace at 4.30 p.m.

Hartlepool, to Matthew, and Jane Heather Willis, The German Government presented an ultimatum a son. to Belgium offering' an' entente in retu rn for her facilitating German military operations.

Belgium replied that she was determined to maintain her JULY. neutrality, .

PT1,ATl$ON-STMS.-23rd.

At the' Friends" MeetingA battle was fought oft the Aland Tslands , and house, Norton-on-Tees, Albert Edward, second son the German fleet 1 eked up the R ussian bnltic fleet of Edward and Emma Pearson (latter deceased). in the Gulf of Finland'. to Floren e, second daughter of William and German troops have, after A. short fight, occupied Hannah Mary Sims (former decca sed) both of several Russian frontier tOWIIS. Norton-on-Tees. ' Sm RnwARD GRllY informed th Honse of Commons rARSONS-'POWT,llR·-3 tho At the Friends' Meetingu 8 that he had, on Sunday, assured the A house, Gloucester, Henry Arthur Parsonf', of g Fr nch Atnbnss!ldor of the protection of Glotlcef'ter, to' nl11ily T,yclia, eldest danghter of the Rritish fleet if Germany attel11pted to attack h r HdwArd and I-Jyclia Fowl r. of HAzeldene coasts or shipping.

The GermAn Gov 1'I1ment, he Huccle('ote, near Gloucester. said, was prepared to agree to refl'ain from attacking the northern coasts of France if Great Britain would undertake to remain ljeutral.

Rnt this wa.A too narrow an engage111 nt for llS. Great Britain JULY. cannot issue a proclamation of unconditional J-IATu<IlR-SMI'rH.-r~th.

At the Mont Dore Hotel, nel1trn.1ity os she is bonnd to protect the integrity Bournemouth, Margaret Harker-Smith, ela nghter of R tgi.tlln. o.f the latc n Iward Alll Jane Smith, of Fir VAle, The British fleet is all'eA'ly mobilised, and arShe'ffield, aged 78. rnngements ate made for the mohilisation of th JIOSKIN.-27th.

At Shr· wsbury, Willial!1 Henry n1"my.

Hoskin" eld r son of th latc \V.illiam Hosldll, of Tenerally the HOllse of Commons agreed with Htddel'Rnelcl, aged nenrly 64. the 'Poreign Secretary, but therc wer SOlTlCllrotests PRmS'1'MAN.-31st. At North Ferriby, Hllll, suddenly, lrol11 T-Jibel·a.land La.houl' memhers, Amongst them Sal11nel PriestmAn, in his 65th y al'. . om: Friend, T. n. Hal'vey, who suggested that it might AUGUST. not he impossible to ohtain tl somewhat wider assurance from Germany, and A. S. RowntreMid S'I'I';NillNS.-lst.

At 10, Whatley Road, Clifton th speech of Sir ndward Trey was a striking COIlBristol, ,t1l1dl'y Rt phens, in his 88th year. demnation of the policy of balance of power. If wc fought, wc fought agai11i~t ou r own i11t rests nnd We have rec ived nlore than Olle letter urg.i11.C! for Russia.

Pri.ends to use their il1flll nce in th IItlRe of Thc Bank rate was again aclvanc cl to T p r cent. non-intervention in the war. As the time Th Governm nt issued a proclamation ext nc1ing nngland's when these could sel'v a useful I m'pose is p~st, the Rank HoJiday ovcr tlll'ee more daYR. A th yare not inserterl.

Moratorium Bill WA.S passed throl1gh P!lrliol1'lent, Owing to. lack of space we have had to hold over lind received the ROYAl assent, Allowing extension \lntil next w ok ~cveral itel11f; of general int'l' st. of time for bills of excballg .

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7TH AUGUST; 1914.]

vii.

THE, FRIEND.

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[7'l'H AUGUS'l', 19I4.

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position of trust or supervision.-Apply, instance, FREDERICLESTER,Penrith.

Y

OUNG FRIEND, matriculated, trained kindergarten, certificated in music, singing, and drawing, desires ENGAGEMENT, 'with opportunity for further kindergarten training.-Miss HANNA, Holmhurst College, Belfast.

dto :let. for Salp, &r.

I-IOUSE.-Small country town in FURNISHED South England; small bath-room, water, gas,

w.c. ; rent, furnished, £26, if permanent; cheap offer '--S,586, c/o Publishers.

the Tea and Coffee trade, near an ASSISTANT, about 25, with good experience in high-class retail trade.-Apply, with full particulars, 5,577, c/o Publishers.

remarkably

DISTRICT.-To be let by week or month LAKE a charmingly situated HOUSE on the banks of

Ullswater ; modern conveniences; electric light; boat. Full particulars, Sm'l'IMuS lVIAR1'J\N, Mossdale, Ullswater, Penrith.

iartmrsgips.

~1tsimssts for Salt. &c.

ANTED, a Friend, who wishes to start a W GIRLS' BOARDING SCHOOJ_" to take over day school of over thirty pupils, and, if desired, school buildings with premises adjoining intended for boarders.-Apply, at once, 5,570, c/o Publishers.

ANTED, useful COMPANION for elderly W invalid lady, in Yorkshire; state age, salary, and experience.-Apply, 5,587, c/o Publishers. in WANTED, Liverpool,

in first

misallamous.

UTHORS WANTED, known and unknown, to A corumunicate ; every description of literary work required; ]]0 fees whatever---Write for partic~l~rs,

in first instance, PullI,ISHER, 659, Sell's Advertising Offices, Fleet Street, E.C. Special attention. to new ANTED, MOTHER'S HEJ_,P, in September ; , writers. needlework; little teaching; maid kept; state YDRAX is the :finest non-alcoholic thirstsalary and references.s=Apply, Mrs. BOWMAN,One quencher ; it is made from pure apple juice and Ash, Ackworth. from British apples only, to suit the needs of all those desiring a refreshing, in vigorating, healthANTED, end of August, thoroughly reliable giving beverage, without the gassy effervescence and trustworthy WORKING HOUSEKEEPER; able to do plain. cookiug.-Apply, Miss Cr,Ol'HIER, generally associated with so-called temperance Wraxhill, Street, Somerset. drinks; it is clean and crisp to the palate, and possesses all the valuable properties of Whiteway's ANTED, end September, NURSERY-GOVfamous Devon Cyders, but freed from alcohol.

ERNESS, or Iady-nurse, for two children, 4~ Lady Henry Somerset writes: "I think 'Cydrax ' is and I year; first lessons; musical; sewing essential. most excellent. It has long been my hope that fl -Mrs. ARNOT,D,White House, Wotton-under-Edge, cyder which was non-intoxicant could be put on the Gloucester. market, and I am glad that Messrs. Whiteway & Co. have succeeded. ,T Send for the Cydrax booklet, or better still send a tria I order to your nearest ma:nhb. gro er or stores. Should any difficulty be experienced please write direct-mentioning the name of IDDLE-AGED FRIEND, varied commercial your gro er-to H. "VHI'l'I\WAY& Co., J_,'rD., 10, experience, town, country, and abroad, seeks Pomona Honse, Albert Embankment, S.\V .• or the immediate OCCUPATION; well educated, industriOrchards, Whimple, Devon. ous, trustworthy; cyclist; moderate salary; :full references to well-known Friends.-FRANCIS J. REENGAGES for preserving, &c.; 241bs. 9S.; Ronsox, Saffron Walden.

1211:>s.Ss.; Pershore egg plums, 241bs. SR.; ralbs.

35.; carriage paid in England and Wales.J.JACEwanted, mid-September till. February 28th, FlUNK ROSCOlt,Steeple Morden, Royston. by ountry GIRl" :<l4;strong, lean, industrious, dependable, early riser; been house-parlonrmaid.Apply, Gn,T,IIT'J', Walpole, Halesworth, Suffolk.

W

C

W

W

Situatbnts

M

G

P

Y

OUTH (X7, Friend) well educated, with some knowledge AGRICULTURE and Forestry, wishes outdoor occupation with opportunities for learning and advancement.-Apply, 5,578, c/o Publishers.

============--Please mention FRIEND THE when answering Advertisements.

THE FRIEND.

bTH AUGUST, 1914.

~uadmtnts, ttl.

~uartmtnts, ttl.

"VISITORS TO LONDON." ranter8' TEMPERANCE HOTEL, 6, 7, 8, and 9, Bridgwater Square, Barbican, London.

Two minutes' walk Aldersgate Station, linked up with all main lines and tubes j seven to ten minutes' walk G.P.O., St. Paul's, Guild Hall, City Temple, John Wesley's Chapel, and Devonshire House j absolutely quiet, homely and comfortable j established 1859 j inclusive charge -bedrooms, single, 2S. 6d. to 3S. 6d. j double, 4S. 6d. to 6s. 6d.; breakfast, IS. 3d. to 2S. Write for "How TO SPEND A WEEK IN LONDON,"with Tariff and Testimonials, post free.

Telegrams: "Healthiest," T_ondon.

Telephone: 959, Central.

WIT.r.IAMLOSSOCK,Resident Proprietor.

T

I A

N

IDEAl, and RESTFUl, HOLIDAY, under specially favourable conditions in a mansion in beautifully-wooded grounds of several acres; close to sea; in best part of Brighton; stimulating talks, lectures, &c.; pure, varied, and generous diet; inclusive terms T! to 2! guineas weekly.-8end for prospectus, Mr. and Mrs. MASSINGHAM,17, Norfolk Terrace, Brighton.

LEVEDON (Somerset) .-8T ANCLIFFIt BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT.-Charmingly situated in its own grounds; splendid views of Bristol Channel and Welsh Hills j fifteen minutes from station and golf links; hot and cold baths; sanitation perfect j terms on application j highest recommendations from members of the Society.-Address, "Stancliffe," Clevedon, Somerset.

OLWYN BAY.-RHOS, ST. WINIFREDS-A C large and comfortable BOARDING HOUSE, on the sea front; close to golf links an excellent i

centre for exploring North Wales j special spring and winter terms.-Full particulars and tariff on application to Misses EUZAUE'tHand IRENEWOOD. OLWYN BAY, Rhos-on-Sea.-8ilver Howe C PRIVATE HOTEL, Llannerch Road; excellent cuisine finest views in the Bay tariff.-Miss E. j

j

BROOKESWADSWORTH,Sole Proprietress ageress.

and Man-

OMFORTABLE ROOMS, with or without C board; healthy situation fine views+-L. and A. BENINGTON,Fieldhead, Arnside, near Carnforth., j

EVON.-WESTLEIGH PRIVATE HOTEL, SEATON.-Highly recommended for homeD liness and comfort; beautiful situation on sea front

i

OURNEMOUTH.-Comfortable BOARD RESIDENCE, with Friends; convenient position; nice garden; tennis; moderate tariff on application. , -Mrs. HARRISSON,Southlea, West Cliff.

B

OURNEMOUTH.-THE MIDLAND FAMILY B AND COMMERCIAL TEMPERANCE HOTEJ.;.

Opposite West Railway Station no cab required; j

electric light; tariff.-Boarding

C

handsomely furnished j moderate terms on application to MANAGERESS.

OURNEMOUTH.-WESTFIELD, Surrey Road. ' B -8uperior Christian BOARDING HOUSE, or private rooms; well-furnished beautifully situated; j

overlooking gardens; five minutes from Meeting House j bungalow on beach j terms from 30s.

separate tables; private sitting-rooms j terms, 2 to 3 guineas weekly, from 8s. a day; no extras.-Mrs. WAT,T,ACE. Telephone 25.

F

ALMOUTH.-BELLE-VUE.-Miss Williams (Friend) desires Paying Guests; terms from 25s. ; bath h. and c.; sunny aspect j extensive view of harbour and bay; invalids catered for; tennis court: near golf links and pier.

APARTMENTS. -Mrs. UNWIN, 8, West Cliff Gardens.

FOLKESTONE.-FURNISHED OLKESTONE.-BRANDPo.RT, 10, Marine CresF cent; comfortable, good-class, Christian BOARDING HOUSE, facing sea liberal best j

quality catering j E~glish meat j terms from 35s.Mrs. MAX1'IlDand MISS SANDERSON.

BOURNEMOUTH TOWER PRIVATE

(WEST}.-WOODLEIGH HOTEL; en pension; separate tables; private sitting-rooms i hall Boor bedrooms; overlooking sea, close to Undercliff drive,' afternoon tea in shady garden i personal supervision in every department; terms from 2 guineas to 3~ guineas.-Mr. and Mrs W. H. BIlNNU,TT, resident proprietors.

~--------------------II OURNEMOUTH (WEST) .-A Friend who has stayed at Durley Hall recommends it to Friends as a most Comfortable Boarding House j thoroughly clean; with excellent table, and in convenient POSItion j lovely garden.-Mr. and Mrs. ARTHURMonns, Proprietors.

Telephone 1453.

B

ROYAJ.; HOTEL.-ThisNewFamily BRIGHTON, Hotel, centrally situated, luxurious and up-to-

date in every detail, is the only high-class Temperance Hotel in the town; heated with hot water radiators: 100 rooms; electric passenger lift; quiet and essentially homelike i recommended

by Friends i moderate terms; week-end terms. Nat. Tel. 4557.-' Southern Hotels, lAd.,C. RonsoN, Managing Director.

AKE DISTRICT. - PRIVATE BOARDINGHOUSE, central, within easy distance of lake L and park bathroom, electric light terms moderate. i

j

-Miss

ADAIR, Portland

House, Keswick.

LANDUDNo.-The CRAIG-Y-DON BOARDING L HOUSE (Temperance) .-On sea fro~t, f;ine view of Bay and Ormes' Heads new electric lift : i

recreation room j billiard room j free golf j special winter terms, Branch establishment: 1fTALARDY," ST. ASAPH j Telephone No. 13; standing in three acres of ground i tennis, bowls, croquet.

Misses MIDDLlt'rONANDWOOD. ON DON. - THE WOODSTOCK, 'S, Euston Square; comfortable, central, quiet, business L or pleasure; bed, breakfast, attendance, from, 48.; moderate en pension j bath; highly recommended by Friends.

Telephone 1331 North.

L

ONDON.-HOTEL AND BOARDING HOUSE, near to University College and British Museum, and convenient by 'bus or rail to all parts.DYNE HOUSIt, 22 and 24, Gordon Street, Gordon Square, W.C. Telephone Il953, Central.

UXTON.-THE BRUNSWICK BOARDING B ESTABT.;ISHMItN'l', Hardwick Square; five ONDON, W.-PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSE, twenty-four minutes from Charing Cross; good minutes from station, gardens, &c. moderate terms L large drawing room, recreation and billiard room; bus service; near river for boating and Kew Gardens j

j

j

heated during the winter i telephone, No. 45; specinl terms for long residence.-M. L. WRIGHT (late with Misses Middleton and Wood, The Craig-y-don,

Llandudno) .

large garden; tennis; cycle house; suit business gentlemen j quiet and essentially homelike; highly recommended by Friends.-Apply, Mrs. GWINNET,L, 34, Barrowgate Road, Chiswick, W.

THE FRIEND.

7TH AUGUST, I914.]

T.P.HAND

xi.

AND

POCKET CAMERAS

for Plates and Films from Ii/;ins. by

2-ih

ins. to Postcard sizes,

FILMA. SNAPPA. Prices from KLIPPA. LIMIT. WEENIE. I. P. C. MINIM. UNITA. LIST POST FREE. TWIN LENS.

12/6

THORNTON PICKARD,

I

LTD.

AL TRINCHAM.

;!\.uartmtnfs, fe.

L

ON DON. - BUCKINGHAM TEMPERANCE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT, 40, West Strand (Entrance, 28, Buckingham Street, W.C.); within fifty yards of Charing Cross Station; bed, breakfast, and attendance, Ss.; excellent English Restaurant (open to Non-residents); tariff on application to S. MOOR, Resident Proprietor.

Telegraphic Address: "Cleanly, Westrand, London"; Telephone No. 2400 Gerrard; night porter.

LD JORDANS HOSTEL, near Beaconsfield, O Bucks.-A peaceful retreat, close to the famous meeting-house; also available for week-end gatherings and conferences.-Apply above.

to the MANAGERESS, at

O

VERLOOKING DEE ESTUARY.-Comfortable Farm House; charming country; rooms without attendance, or boarding terms moderate.-Apply, NEL!,IIIB. SMItH, Tyddyn Ucha, Bagillt, North Wales.

Bti:s!tllantlllts.

RTIFICIAL TEETH (OLD) BOUGHT.-We positively pay highest .prices in the Kingdom, A viz., up to 310.per tooth pinned on vulcanite ; 7S. per tooth on silver; I2S. 6d. per tooth on gold; 35S. per tooth on platinum; cash or offer by return;. if offer not accepted, parcel returned post-free; satisfaction guaranteed by the oldest and reliable firm.S. CANN & Co., 69a, Market Street, Manchester.

Bankers, Parrs. When forwarding please mention paper.

REAT SUMMER SALE! Special bar~ains; G brown twilled linen cloths, lettered "Kitchen Cloth" ready hemmed, Ss. 9d. per dozen, postage 4d.; Irish linen sale catalogue free.-Write Htrrrox's, 8, Larne, Ireland.

RISH LINEN AT SALE PRICES Checked Glass I Cloths, 25ins. square, ready hemmed, 3S. 9d. per dozen, postage 4d.; Illustrated Summer CataI

EDHILL.-A few PAYING GUESTS are reR ceived by the Misses Holden in their comfortable home; the house is well situated, close to

logue Free; send Lame, Ireland.

common and golf links, and five minutes from Earlswood Station.--8hirley, Earlswood Road.

J

(most bracing North Wales resort).RHYLSANDRINGHAM BOARDING ESTABLISH-

MICNT.-Central position on promenade; extensive motor tours throughout Wales; golf links.-Phone : 74. Proprietress, M. LUDLAM. WAN AGE.-CRAIGSIDE PRIVATE HOTEL.S Lovely position; terrace for promenading; close to downs, sea, station; well appointed; airy, sunny; smoking lounge; personal management; reputation for comfort and. good catering.-Tel. 6.

Misses FEU.

V

ENTNOR.--8unny-THE CHALET (late ST. AUGUSTINE), Residential Hotel and Boarding House; own grounds, sea front, lovely situation, charming bome.-Tariff, photo, F. GORDON.

Y

ORK.-PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSE, 37, ST. MARY'S, one minute's walk from Bootham School; large garden; smoking-room ; daily or weekly terms; telephone, No. I089.-Misses HOI,LIS, ROWNtREJ!,and CI,ARK. [Open all the year.]

T

ABLE LINEN; sixteen Cloths, all sizes, 12S.; sample parcel Torchon Lace, three dozen assorted, IS. 3d.; postage 2d.-H. Bar.r, & CO., St. Olaves, Monntsorrel Road, Rothley, near Leicester,

to-day,

postcard

to-day.e-Hurrox's,

8,

IG-SAW PUZZLES.-Fascinating amusement; 75 pieces, IS.; 100, IS. 6d.; ISO, 28. ; 200. 2S. 6d.; 300, 4s.; up to 1,250 pieces. Post free. New Catalogue ready.-PuZZLIl Co., 96a, Stanhope Street, Euston Road, London.

EW IRISH HONIW.-2Ibs. N 2S.; 4lbs. 3S. 6d.; 7lbs. jars 3s. 3d.; six 6s.; twelve

delicious strained SS. 6d.; three rlb. !IS.; 31bs. selected comb, 3S.; 61bs. Ss. 6d.; half-dozen sections, Ss.; dozen 9S.; carriage paid; satisfaction guaranteed.G. 'WHITE & SONS, LTD., Waterford.

EAL WELSH FLANNELS, like the old handR loom make; the most servicable flannels for all purposes, white and colours, stripes; practically unshrinkable, though not chemically treated. from H. PUMPHREY& CO., Bromyard,

Patterns

Kindly Note New Address.

Wm. 6. Beck, I, Elmfield Gardens, Gosforth, Newcastle.

Watches on Approval, and Repairs.

THE FRIEND.

xii.

[7TH AUGUST, 1914.

Exemption/rom I ncome Tax ,I

Ii, I

fJJ

The amountpaid

annually in Life Assurance

premiums (up' to one-sixth of Income) may be deducted from the amount of Income chargeable

with Tax.

f] When Life Assurance IS considered as a method bear

.

of investment It IS Important to In mind

this

advantage

which

attaches to no other form of investment.

Write

for particulars of Income Tax

in relation

to Life Assurance

to the

Friends' Providentlnstilulion BRADFORD.

HEAD OFFICE: LONDONOFFICE: 17 GRACEGHURGH BIRMINGHAM OFFICE:

44

WATERLOO

STREET,

E.G.

STREET.

London: Publlsbed every Friday by IhADLÂŁY BROS., 140, Blahopagate, ~.O ..t tQ whom all advertisements should be sont.

(Telegrams: .. Afflrm&tlon Ave London," Telephono: 6266 Avenue,) Printed atTII& V1WlIANS' PllIN1!ING PRESS, 10 & 12, Droad Street, Leominster.

801d lllao by FnUIlND8' Doolt AND TRA.CTOO)UfI1!'rJl:E, 144, E. 20th Street, Grameroy Park, New York; NIOIlOL80N BROS" Rlohmond, Indiana; lind OUTHBERT WraITHf, 24, Parkway Avenue, '1'oronto, Ollnada.-71'1l AuaU8T (8TH 'Mo.), 19U,