Breast Cancer Awareness 2021

Special Supplement to The Mitchell Republic • October 2021

Spread the HOPE, Find the CURE.

What’s Inside Genetic Links........................2 The Power of Faith & Family......................3 Support Groups...................5 Awareness............................6 Different Types....................8 Physical Activity Links........9 Reduce Recurrence........... 10 Fundraisers..........................11 layout credits:

Cover and page design: Jen Phillips Section editor: Luke Hagen Advertising director: Lorie Hansen Contributors: Mitchell Republic Staff

The link between genetics and cancer

By Metro Creative Few, if any, families have not been affected by cancer. Estimates based on data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer suggested that 19.3 million new cancer cases were diagnosed in 2020, which reflects the farreaching impact cancer has on people across the globe.

With so many instances of cancer across the globe, it’s no surprise that some families include more than one person who has had cancer. As a result, it’s not uncommon for some people to feel as if cancer runs in their family. Such a conclusion may not be entirely off-base, but it’s also not entirely accurate.

Why do some cancers seem to run in families?

The American Cancer Society notes that various factors may make it seem as though certain types of cancer run in families. For example, family members may share certain behaviors, such as poor diet, that can increase their risk for obesity, which in turn increases their risk for various diseases, including cancer. In such instances, it’s not the family’s genes that are the risk factor for cancer, but rather the shared poor diet. Other commonalities within families, such as smoking, can increase cancer risk, even if the families do not have a genetic predisposition to cancer.

Do genes ever affect cancer risk?

The ACS notes that some cancers are caused by abnormal genes being passed along from generation to generation. In such instances, the cancer is not inherited, but an abnormal gene is. However, such instances are somewhat rare, as the ACS reports only about 5 to 10 percent of all cancers result directly from gene defects inherited from a parent. These gene defects are called mutations.

What are inherited gene mutations?

According to the ACS, an inherited gene mutation is present in the egg or sperm cell that formed the child. When an egg is fertilized

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by sperm, it creates one cell. That one cell then divides many times, eventually becoming a baby.

Since all of the cells that eventually form come from that first cell, the inherited gene mutation is present in every cell. That’s why it’s possible for gene mutations that lead to cancer to be passed down from generation to generation.

How do people know if a family cancer syndrome affects their families?

The ACS notes that cancer is a common disease that roughly one in three people in the United States will develop during their lifetimes. So even if two family members develop the same type of cancer, that does not necessarily mean a family cancer syndrome is present. However, the ACS reports that certain factors make it a family cancer syndrome more likely. Those factors include: ► Many cases of the same type of cancer, especially if it is an uncommon or rare type of cancer ► Cancers occurring at younger ages than usual. Age is a risk factor for many types of cancer, but the average age of diagnosis tends to be in adulthood. Many young people in the same family being diagnosed with a cancer that is most often diagnosed in older adults is a potential indicator of a family cancer syndrome. ► More than one type of cancer in a single person, such as a woman with both breast and ovarian cancer ► Cancers occurring in both of a pair of organs, such as both eyes, both kidneys, or both breasts ► More than one childhood cancer in siblings, such as sarcoma in both a brother and a sister ► Cancer occurring in the sex not usually affected, such as breast cancer in a man Cancer occurring in many generations, such as in a grandfather, father and son The relationship between genetics and cancer is complicated. More information is available at www.cancer.org.

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Faith, family powered Clarey through breast cancer diagnosis Bridgewater resident urges vigilance, testing Matt Gade / Mitchell Republic

Kathie Clarey, Bridgewater, was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2012 and has since made a full recovery. The 74-year-old urges other women to screen for breast cancer early.

By Erik Kaufman Mitchell Republic BRIDGEWATER — It was October 2012, and Kathie Clarey had a sinus infection. So she made an appointment with her doctor.

That appointment may have saved her life.

“I went to a doctor for a sinus infection and she asked when I had had my last mammogram,” Clarey told the Mitchell Republic in a recent interview. “She said that they would bring the (equipment) out here and I could walk in and walk out. A couple days later I had a phone call that they had found

something.”

It is a diagnosis that nobody ever wants to receive, but Clarey was one of many women who would be diagnosed with breast cancer that year.

The fight continues against the disease to this day. In 2021, an estimated 281,550 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in women in the United States, along with 49,290 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer, according to www. breastcancer.org. About 2,650 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in men in

2021. A man’s lifetime risk of breast cancer is about 1 in 833.

October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month.

Clarey, 74, said she was lucky in that she didn’t experience the overwhelming shock that some patients do upon diagnosis. While uncertainty and concern were definitely emotions she experienced, she said she locked on to what her doctor was telling her and listened intently to what steps she would need to take next.

“What do we have to do?” Clarey said she remembered asking after being told of the cancer. “It didn’t

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affect me too hard. I don’t know why it didn’t. It should have, I suppose. But I thought, ‘OK, that’s what I have. We’ll take care of it.’”

Further examination revealed that she needed lumps removed from her breast, so she temporarily relocated to Sioux Falls to be closer to family while she underwent treatment. Doctors recommended a mastectomy, and out of an abundance of caution, Clarey elected to have a double mastectomy.

It was a move she was ready to make for peace of mind, she said.

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CLAREY From Page 3

“They set me up with a breast cancer doctor and I had a bilateral mastectomy. I figured what’s the sense of worrying about it in the other one? Might as well go whole hog,” Clarey said.

She followed up that surgery with recovery before beginning the chemotherapy and radiation portions of her treatment. She estimates that she took six sessions of chemotherapy and then about a month and half of radiation sessions.

Once again, she feels fortunate that the chemotherapy and radiation treatments, which are notorious for causing discomfort and nausea among many patients, did not hit her as hard as it has some others. In fact, it wasn’t long before she was back at her job working a few days a week as a cook at the local nursing home.

“The surgery went well, I healed well, and within six weeks I went back to work and I was fine,” Clarey said. “I would feel kind of tired and weak, but no other side effects,” Clarey said.

She clarified that the fatigue was

The surgery went well, I healed well, and within six weeks I went back to work and I was fine.

KATHIE CLAREY

considerable, but not something that would slow her down too much.

At the time, she had six of her grandchildren living about a block away from her home in Bridgewater, which gave her plenty of motivation to be up and about.

“I didn’t have a chance to get tired or feel sorry for myself,” Clarey said.

Clarey said while the spur-ofthe-moment mammogram nine years ago may have saved her life, she doesn’t let chance play as big a role in her health as she used to.

She gets regular scans to test if the cancer has returned and monitors herself with self-checks. It’s become routine for her, and she hopes other women will take heed and keep an eye on the warning signs of cancer.

The American Medical Association, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American College of Radiology, the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network all have issued guidelines saying that all women should be eligible for screening mammograms starting at age 40.

“I have a scan every year. At first it was every three months and then six months and now it’s once a year,” Clarey said.

Cancer patients have many obstacles in the way of their recovery, and Clarey counts herself as lucky to have had the support of her family and the pillar of her faith to lean against when the struggles

got difficult. Those support systems are vital to helping patients deal with the process of getting well.

“Having faith in God - that made it very different. I trust whatever he has in store for me and that it will be the best thing,” Clarey said.

Of course, the best way to fight cancer when it arrives is to find it early. Early screenings are now part of the recommendation that Clarey gives when asked about the topic.

That includes for her own family.

“Do it. I would tell them to do it.

I’ve heard people say it hurts. (It hurts) for five minutes. To find out if you’re cancer-free then it’s worth it. I have four girls and always want them to do it,” Clarey said.

That early diagnosis can mean the difference between life and death.

Clarey’s diagnosis and treatment went as well as she could have hoped.

She’s now living without cancer and enjoying one of her favorite times of year with the arrival of the South Dakota autumn. The successful treatment of her cancer means she can spend the cool fall afternoons working in the garden.

That’s good, because she has a lot of work left to do.

“I just dug potatoes today,” Clarey said. “Four five-gallon buckets’ worth.”

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Support groups and resources for breast cancer patients

By Metro Creative A strong support network can help breast cancer patients navigate their treatments and all of the uncertainty that can arise after a cancer diagnosis. Many women undergoing treatment for breast cancer lean on friends and family for everything from emotional support to help with household tasks and much more. Though family and friends are often invaluable to women during their battles with breast cancer, sometimes a

little support from women going through the same ups and downs can be just what patients need to stay the course and overcome their disease.

According to the World Cancer Research Fund, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women across the globe. The WCRF estimates that breast cancer accounts for roughly 25 percent of all cancers in women. The World Health Organization reports that 2.3 million

women were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2020. Those figures are significant, but it’s important that women recognize that five-year survival rates have improved dramatically in recent decades. In fact, the American Cancer Society notes that the five-year survival rate for localized breast cancers is 99 percent, while the rate for breast cancers that have spread outside

SUPPORT GROUPS: Page 7

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women in the USA

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Get an annual mammogram

If breast cancer is found early, confined to the breast, the 5-year survival rate is 99%

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SUPPORT GROUPS From Page 5

the breast to nearby structures or lymph nodes is 86 percent.

Rising survival rates for breast cancer mean that millions of women across the globe have already survived the disease, and many such women play vital roles in support groups that help women every day.

CancerCare¨ is a national organization in the United States that is dedicated to providing free, professional support services to anyone affected by cancer. All CancerCare¨ services are provided by oncology social workers and renowned cancer experts. The following are just a few of the support groups cancer patients can access through www.cancercare.org. ► Breast Cancer Patient Support Group: This free, 15-week online support group is for

people diagnosed with breast cancer who are currently receiving treatment. Access the group at www.cancercare.org/support_groups/43breast_cancer_patient_support_group. ► African American Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patient Support Group: This group is for African Americans diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer who are currently receiving treatment. The group is free and continues for 15 weeks. Access the group at www.cancercare.org/support_groups/197african_american_triple_negative_breast_ cancer_patient_support_group. ► Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient Support Group: This free, 15-week support group is for people diagnosed with stage IV metastatic breast cancer who are currently receiving treatment. Access the group at www.cancercare.org/support_groups/44-

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metastatic_breast_cancer_patient_support_ group. ► Breast Cancer Post-Treatment Survivorship Support Group: Patients who have completed their breast cancer treatment within the past 18 months are eligible for this free, 15-week support group. Access the group at www.cancercare. org/support_groups/180-breast_cancer_posttreatment_survivorship_support_group.

Each CancerCare¨ online support group is available exclusively to residents of the United States, including people in Puerto Rico and U.S. territories. The Canadian Cancer Society has a database that cancer patients in Canada can use to find local support services in their area. That can be accessed via the CCS Community Services Locator at www.csl.cancer.ca.

Support groups can be invaluable resources for women as they navigate breast cancer treatment.

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October 2, 2021 BREAST CANCER AWARENESS 7

ARE THERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BREAST CANCER? M

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) DCIS is a non-invasive cancer that is diagnosed when abnormal cells have been found in the lining of the breast milk duct. The National

Breast Cancer Foundation notes that DCIS is a highly treatable cancer. That’s because it hasn’t spread beyond the milk duct into any surrounding breast tissue. The American Cancer Society notes that roughly 20 percent of new breast cancer cases are instances of DCIS.

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) IDC is the most common type of breast cancer.

The NBCF reports that between 70 and 80 percent of all breast cancer diagnoses are instances of IDC. An IDC diagnosis means that cancer began growing in the milk ducts but has since spread into other parts of the breast tissue. This is why IDC is characterized as “invasive.” Though IDC can affect people, including men, of any age, the ACS notes that the majority of IDC cases are in women age 55 and older.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) The NBCF describes IBC as an “aggressive and fast growing breast cancer.” Breastcancer. org notes that IBC is rare, as data from the ACS indicates that only about 1 percent of all breast cancers in the United States are inflammatory breast cancers. Many breast cancers begin with

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Metastatic breast cancer Metastatic breast cancer may be referred to as stage IV breast cancer. When a woman is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, that means the cancer has spread, or metastasized, into other parts of the body. The NBCF indicates that metastatic breast cancer usually spreads to the lungs, liver, bones, or brain. Symptoms of metastatic breast cancer vary depending on where the cancer has spread. For example, if the cancer has spread to the lungs, women may experience a chronic cough or be unable to get a full breath.

These are not the only types of breast cancer. A more extensive breakdown of the various types of breast cancer can be found at www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/types.

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the formation of a lump, but Breastcancer.org reports that IBC usually begins with reddening and swelling of the breast, and symptoms can worsen considerably within days or even hours.

That underscores the importance of seeking prompt treatment should any symptoms present themselves.

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By Metro Creative illions of women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year. According to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, more than 2.3 million women across the globe were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2020. The BCRF also notes that breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in 140 of 184 countries worldwide.

Breast cancer statistics can give the impression that each of the millions of women diagnosed with the disease is fighting the same battle, but breast cancer is something of an umbrella term.

In fact, there are various types of breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer, and metastatic breast cancer. Learning about each type of breast cancer can help women and their families gain a greater understanding of this disease.

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The link between physical activity & cancer

By Metro Creative Physical activity has long been known to increase a person’s chances of living healthy well past retirement.

The benefits of physical activity are numerous and include everything from a lower risk for overweight and obesity to improved mental health.

Physical activity also has been linked to a lower risk for various diseases, including an assortment of cancers.

The National Cancer Institute notes that the evidence linking physical activity to lower cancer risk comes from observational studies. Observational studies are a type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are measured. In observational studies examining physical activity, participants will report on their levels of physical activity and are then followed for years. During these studies, no attempt, such as treatment, is made to affect the outcome. The NCI notes that observational studies cannot prove a causal relationship, though they still are invaluable to cancer researchers.

Such studies also illustrate the important role that physical activity can play in preventing various types of cancer.

► Bladder cancer: A 2014 meta-analysis of studies published in the British Journal of Cancer found that the risk of bladder cancer was 15 percent lower for individuals with the highest level of recreational or occupational physical activity than in those with the lowest level. That information may be especially valuable to individuals over 55, as the American Cancer Society notes about nine out of 10 people with bladder cancer are 55 or older. ► Breast cancer: A meta-analysis published in the European Journal of Cancer in 2016 found that the most physically active women had a 12 to 21 percent lower risk of breast cancer than those who were the least physically active. Similarly, additional studies have linked physical activity after menopause to a lower risk of breast cancer. That’s important to know, as the NCI indicates that doctors most often diagnose breast cancer in women between the ages of 55 and 64. ► Esophageal cancer: Cohort studies are used by researchers to investigate the causes

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of disease and to establish links between risk factors and health outcomes. A 2014 meta-analysis of nine cohort studies and 15 casecontrol studies, which compare patients who have a disease or outcome of interest to patients who do not have the disease or outcome, found that the individuals who were the most physically active had a 21 percent lower of risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma than those who were the least physically active. Such findings are significant, as the Mayo Clinic reports that adenocarcinoma is the most common form of esophageal cancer in the United States, while the NCI notes the condition is not curable. ► Kidney (renal cell) cancer: A pooled analysis of more than one million individuals published in JAMA Internal Medicine in 2016 found that leisure-time physical activity was linked to a 23 percent reduced risk of kidney cancer.

Leisure-time physical activities can include anything from jogging to dancing to gardening.

Physical activity benefits the body in myriad ways and has been linked to significantly lower risks for various cancers.

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HOW TO REDUCE RISK OF BREAST CANCER RECURRENCE

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By Metro Creative breast cancer diagnosis can change patients’ lives in ways they never imagined. That’s especially so in the rare instances when women under 40 are diagnosed with the disease.

According to the American Cancer Society, it’s uncommon for women under 40 to receive a breast cancer diagnosis. In fact, data from the ACS indicates that only about 4 percent of all women diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States are under age 40. But 4 percent is nothing to brush aside, especially when the ACS

estimates that more than 300,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. That means roughly 12,000 women under 40 in the U.S. will be diagnosed with breast cancer this year, and many of those women will understandably express concerns about cancer recurrence in the years to come.

The medical experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine note that learning to cope with fears of breast cancer recurrence is an important part of the recovery process. Those same experts note that various lifestyle changes can help women regain their health, strength and optimism and quell any fears they have about cancer recurrence. ► Take care of yourself, emotionally & physically.

Johns Hopkins Medicine urges breast cancer survivors to put their own needs first sometimes.

That can be difficult for younger breast cancer survivors with children at home, but prioritizing their own emotional well-being can help women overcome their fears of recurrence. Support groups can connect women with fellow breast cancer survivors, and women should not hesitate to discuss any fears or concerns with their doctors. It’s also vital that women prioritize their physical well-being. Routine exercise and a healthy diet can help women reduce stress and

maintain a healthy weight, which can reduce risk for recurrence. ► Stay on top of screenings and vaccinations.

Another way to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence is to stay up-to-date on screenings, flu shots and vaccinations. Annual physicals and screenings for cardiovascular conditions like high cholesterol and diabetes can help women stay on a healthy path forward. ► Monitor vitamin D levels.

Johns Hopkins Medicine notes that the Nurses Health Study found a link between low levels of vitamin D and breast cancer incidence. It remains unknown if vitamin D supplements can lower risk of breast cancer recurrence, but maintaining sufficient levels of vitamin D can promote overall health. Women can speak with their physicians about vitamin D and which supplements to consider. In addition, spending 20 minutes per day in the sunshine while wearing sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30 can help women reach recommended levels of vitamin D. Cancer recurrence is a significant concern for survivors. However, various strategies can help women reduce their risk for recurrence and help them regain their optimism for the future.

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What are activity-driven fundraisers?

Activity-driven fundraisers focus on an engaging activity that encourages supporters to actively participate in an effort to raise funds.

The Ice Bucket Challenge is one of the more notable activity-driven fundraisers in recent years. Participants in the challenge would pour a bucket of ice water over their heads or the head of another person, and then challenge or nominate another person to follow suit. Participants also would urge donations to support research into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, an incurable motor neuron disease also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. Additional examples of activitydriven fundraisers are runs and walks in which participants solicit donations from supporters that increase with each mile they walk or run.

The American Cancer Society’s Breast Cancer Awareness 5K walk and fun run is one popular

activity-driven fundraiser that annually attracts sizable numbers of participants and donors.

Are activity-driven fundraisers effective?

The sheer volume of activity-driven fundraisers makes it more difficult to gauge the success of these events. However, a recent study from researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that people are inclined to contribute more when the experience is painful and labor-intensive.

That suggests that activity-driven fundraisers like charity runs can be highly effective and lucrative ways to raise money. Indeed, various estimates suggest the Ice Bucket Challenge raised more than $220 million worldwide.

Nonprofit organizations raise funds in myriad ways. Activity-driven fundraisers are among the more engaging, and often successful, ways to raise money for a good cause.

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By Metro Creative Fundraising is vital to the survival of many nonprofit organizations. Charity watchdog groups like Charity Navigator suggest nonprofits should aspire to spend less than 10 percent of their budgets on fundraising. That can be a tall task and underscores the need for charities to find creative, cost-effective ways to raise funds.

Nonprofit organizations raise funds in various ways. Some organizations partner with local businesses and receive a portion of the proceeds participating establishments earn on certain days, while other organizations may cold call prospective donors during times of the year when giving to charity tends to increase, such as the holiday season. Activity-driven fundraisers are another popular way for nonprofit organizations to raise funds, and these endeavors can be highly effective.

October 2, 2021 BREAST CANCER AWARENESS 11

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Schedule your mammogram today.

Starting at age 40, schedule a 3-D mammogram through Avera Breast Center.

Call Centeratat or go to Avera.org/breastcare This the toolNavigation diagnoses cancer the888-422-1410 earliest possible moment.

Additional technology, including contrast enhanced spectral mammography, provides the clarity you deserve when your provider needs more information.

WE ARE Experts in Breast Cancer Screenings. WE ARE Avera.

Schedule your mammogram today.

Call the Navigation Center at 888-422-1410 or go to Avera.org/breastcare

WE ARE Experts in Breast Cancer Screenings. WE ARE Avera.

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12 BREAST CANCER AWARENESS October 2, 2021