EDITORS Emma Notarnicola & Landon Shackelford EMAIL breezenews@gmail.com
What you missed in the election
By EMMMA NOTARNICOLA The Breeze
The Breeze’s 2025 election reporting team consists of Emma Notarnicola, Landon Shackelford, Charlie Bodenstein, Sierra Stockman, Sam Wright, Emma Brown, Sophie Mathew, Sofia Ornberg, Joelle McKenzie, Hannah Kennedy and Sixuan Wu.
As Virginia’s 2025 election cycle comes to a close, Democrats and Republicans convened at the Golden Pony and El Charro, respectively, to celebrate work done and watch as the results poured in Tuesday night. Here’s what you missed:
District 34 House of Delegates
Incumbent Tony Wilt (R) won District 34’s House of Delegate seat with just over 52% of the vote from Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, beating Democrat candidate Andrew Payton, who had 47%, according to the Virginia Department of Elections.
Harrisonburg voters favored Payton, however, with the Democratic candidate garnering 68.5% votes and Wilt with 31%, excluding absentee and provisional ballots.
Voter turnout was also at record this year, with 346 votes counted excluding provisional ballots, according to Virginia’s elections website.
Members at the Republican watch party were excited about Wilt’s win, with some, like Harrisonburg resident Michael Meredith, highlighting how Wilt’s values and experiences echo his beliefs.
“[Wilt’s] a cowboy-boot-wearing country guy and likes to hunt, and he likes politics, and he’s pretty solid,” Meredith said. “He does what’s right for the valley.”
Coupled with this, senior College Republicans member Reagan Polarek said she’s happy Wilt won because she felt his past actions show he’s a good choice for the district and JMU overall.
“He served the people in Virginia well and I think he served his constituents well,” she said.
At the democrats’ watch party, though sullen for the loss, attendees celebrated Payton’s work leading up to the election and the amount of votes he received.
“He has been such a wonderful candidate to work with,” College Democrats President Maddie DuBois said. “He has been on campus almost every other day, getting to know students, getting to listen to their concerns, getting to know them, what he can do to best serve them.”
Though the results weren’t exactly what they wanted for the district, democrat watch party attendees celebrated their sweep of the statewide executive branch.
State-wide elections
In a sweeping victory, democrats flipped the seats for all three open executive positions: Abigail Spanberger as governor, Ghazala Hashmi as lieutenant governor and Jay Jones as attorney general.
With her win announced by the Associated Press around 8 p.m., Spanberger’s win marked the beginning of the democrats regaining the state’s executive power since former governor Ralph Northam left office in 2022.
Spanberger is also the first woman to be elected as Virginia’s governor.
At the democrats’ watch party, excitement filled the room as blue started spreading across the state. Delighted about the future, attendees buzzed around with happiness discussing the future of the state with Spanberger as governor.
“It is a really important signal to the country and the rest of the world,” Harrisonburg Councilwoman Laura Dent said. “What she can do is, in the absence of leadership at the federal government level, get the state to step in for your benefits.”
As the lieutenant governor and attorney general were called for the Democratic Party, attendees are hopeful for the future with the full executive sweep.
“I’m just so excited for this whole team to be put on the ballot,” DuBois said. “I’m excited to see an effective government.”
DuBois said she hopes this new team will lower tuition and advocate for public universities by pushing back on President Donald Trump’s administration.
Though disappointed by the results, Republicans celebrated their victories and started looking toward the future.
“So we’ve got a mixed bag … I’m here to tell you that, remember, Virginia has a one-term governor, and if I have confidence in
one thing, it is the ability and inclination of the democrats in Richmond to overreach,” Virginia Sen. Mark Obenshain said in a speech to the republicans’ watch party. “We’re going to win the governor’s race in four years.”
Many republican attendees also pointed out their discontent with Jones’ victory as attorney general, citing his texting scandal, where he allegedly threatened the life of then-Republican House Majority Leader Todd Gilbert, as the main reason why he shouldn’t have been elected.
“Political violence is never okay, and I think it’s really sad that it’s even this close for a man to joke about murdering someone’s children and family and for people to be voting based on party affiliation instead of morality,” Polarek said.
Acknowledging Jones' actions, DuBois encouraged people to remember he has apologized and to hold all individuals to the same level of accountability.
“I don’t think political violence is okay on either side of the aisle,” she said. “I think people … should be holding other politicians to the same level of accountability as they have been holding him and I’m not seeing that.”
Democrats currently lead with a slim margin of 51 to 48 seats in the House of Delegates, though the results are not finalized, according to The Washington Post.
Overall, both sides celebrated another victory for democracy, shared excitement over a record voter turnout at JMU and encouraged respect from all sides for the winners.
“If Virginia decides [Spanberger] is impertinent to be our governor, I should say … then, just like it happened when Glenn Youngkin was elected, then the results should be respected, and then we should wish the best for whomever wins, regardless of the party,” JMU Spanish Instructor Javier Calleja said. “We want somebody who leads Virginia to the future ”
CONTACT Emma Notarnicola at breezenews@gmail.com. For more coverage of JMU and Harrisonburg news, follow the news desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU
Julia Tanner / The Breeze
Out of food stamps? Check out these locations
By ELEANOR SHAW The Breeze
One month into the federal government shutdown, reserve funding for SNAP benefits has run out, leaving many without food stamps.
Here’s where affected JMU and Harrisonburg community members can go to make sure they get a full meal.
On-campus pantries
Three on-campus pantries allow JMU students unlimited access to various non-perishable items — including rice, pasta, soup and canned goods.
Main Campus hosts the original pantry in Taylor Down Under. The entrance is next to the billiards tables.
The second pantry is in Memorial Hall on the second floor — Room 2105. The third pantry is located in East Campus’ EnGeo Building’s Room 0302. All three pantries are open Monday through Thursday.
The pantries’ hours vary by location. For more information on when and where JMU students can access the pantries, visit the university’s website.
Blue
Ridge Area Food Bank
network
The Blue Ridge Food Bank partners with the JMU Pantry to offer its wares. On the food bank’s website, you’ll find a map of pantries throughout the Shenandoah Valley.
A few of the nearby pantries featured:
• Salvation Army Harrisonburg, located on Jefferson Street
• Blessed Sacrament Catholic Church, located in Downtown Harrisonburg on Wolfe Street
• Harrisonburg Seventh Day Adventist, on West Market Street
• Emmanuel Episcopal Food Pantry, across Martin Luther King Jr. Way from Hotel Madison
• Patchwork Pantry, on Water Street in Downtown Harrisonburg
Some locations deeper into Rockingham County include:
• West Rockingham Food Pantry
• Hope Distributed
• Massanutten Presbyterian Church
For more information — including hours and addresses — check out each location’s respective websites.
Options for free meals
Several of the aforementioned food pantries also offer soup kitchens — this includes the Salvation Army and Blessed Sacrament. But these aren’t the only free meal resources in Harrisonburg and the surrounding county.
• Harrisonburg Baptist Church: From 10:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. on Saturdays, you can visit the church to receive hot and bagged meals.
• Our Community Place: Located in Downtown Harrisonburg, OCP offers shelter and free meals. For information about each meal, check out the organization’s Instagram account.
• Rockburg Feeds: If you’re in a pinch, Rockburg Feeds’ website offers a weekly map and calendar of where to find free meals.
CONTACT Eleanor Shaw at breezeeditor@gmail.com. For more coverage of JMU and Harrisonburg news, follow the news desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU
OSARP changes definitions in the JMU handbook
By SARAH TEWODROS
The Breeze
The JMU Office of Student Accountability and Restorative Practices (OSARP) updated the 2025-26 Student Accountability Processes and Standards of Conduct Handbook on Oct. 27. It did this in order to align with the university’s updated definitions in the sexual assault and Title IX sexual harassment policies.
These updated definitions were influenced in part by the ruling in the 2025 case Doe v. The University of North Carolina System.
UNC student Jacob Doe sued in 2023 when he was expelled after being found responsible for two sexual misconduct allegations. Doe claimed the university and several employees violated his due process rights, Title XI rights and several state law claims.
“Students involved in university disciplinary proceedings have a due process right to cross-examination, when, one: the resolution of the charge turns on credibility determinations; and, two: the potential sanctions are severe,” JMU OSARP Director Wendy Lushbaugh said.
JMU is a public university in the Fourth Circuit — a federal court that handles cases from states such as Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina and South Carolina. JMU must comply with these two new requirements and update procedures to better reflect these new changes.
Doe v. The University of North Carolina has also established three primary impacts of these new procedures and clarifications within the handbook.
“New procedures for cases with a potential outcome for expulsion or a permanent transcript notation ensure a Responding Party [or] Respondent can conduct cross-examination with any participant who is offering statements against them in any of the non-organizational accountability processes,” Lushbaugh said.
This includes implementing a process called the Expulsion Possible-Individual Accountability Case Review (EP-IACR) — a
meeting for students accused of violating JMU policy, during which they discuss potential outcomes, including expulsion.
This also impacts the language used in the Interim Suspension Process, Sexual Misconduct Accountability Process and Title XI Sexual Harassment Adjunction Process, making it more specific and clear.
These changes state that if an individual reports statements against the respondent and the respondent doesn’t agree to a cross-examination, the respondent cannot be expelled from the university.
The changes apply to all applicable processes, Lushbaugh said. The updates also include a new definition for cross-examination, defining it as “the time when each party asks the other party
and any witnesses, through the decision-maker or chairperson, as applicable, all relevant questions and follow-up questions, including challenges to credibility.”
“Other than adding an expulsion-possible process in the Individual Accountability Process through an Expulsion-Possible Individual Accountability Case review, the procedures in the process will look similar,” Lushbaugh said.
CONTACT Sarah Tewodros at tewodrsx@dukes.jmu.edu.
For more coverage on JMU and Harrisonburg news, follow the news desk on X @BreezeNewsJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU.
With the government shut down affecting SNAP benefits, there are places around Harrisonburg to find food. Breeze file photo
Brenna Faye / The Breeze
Harrisonburg residents vote for their next governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general and District 34 delegate. Photos by Landon Shackelford / The Breeze
LEFT: Republicans react as results begin to roll in.
RIGHT: Democrats cheer as Abigail Spanberger wins governor.
Kailey Garner / The Breeze Kailey Garner / The Breeze
Landon Shackelford / The Breeze
Landon Shackelford / The Breeze Landon Shackelford / The Breeze Kailey Garner / The Breeze
SGA allocates $1,300 in funds to student dance organization Mozaic
By EMMA BROWN The Breeze
The Student Government Association (SGA) unanimously approved $1,300 in contingency funds to the Mozaic Dance Team during its regular Tuesday meeting.
The money will go toward the annual Prelude DMV dance competition in Northern Virginia on Nov. 22.
“Prelude DMV’s purpose is to honor Black culture, African Diaspora, and the roots of hip-hop and street dance,” junior Mozaic Dance Public Relations Chair Riley Campbell said.
The competition will act as an opportunity for Mozaic dancers to showcase their work.
“Prelude DMV is beneficial to JMU and our surrounding communities,” Campbell said. “It plays a major role in furthering our education on the history of Black culture and minority communities through dance.”
Campbell said that all 35 team members can attend using the funds.
The organization has held various fundraisers through Pie-A-Moz, J-Petal, a bake sale, and donations from family and friends.
The team requested the $1,300 in contingency funds to cover competition fees and expenses.
“The Mozaic Dance Team’s commitment to cultivating a diverse and inclusive space is very valuable to JMU,” freshman Sen. Ivy Baah said
CONTACT Emma Brown at brown9eg@dukes.jmu.edu.
For more coverage of JMU and Harrisonburg news, follow the news desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU
The SGA allocated $1,300 to student organization Mozaic. Jack O’Dea / The Breeze
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Looking for a double date?
Friend(s) double dating app releasing for JMU students
By BELLA ARIST
The Breeze
A new JMU-exclusive app is shaking up JMU’s dating scene with a double trouble twist. Friend(s) lets Dukes team up with their besties to meet other pairs looking for sparks, laughter and maybe even love. Launching Oct. 27, Friend(s) is here to make dating less stressful and more fun.
The app’s slogan is “Less Expectations and Better Experiences” because Friend(s) is about dropping all the expectations of dating, whether that’s romantic or something more, co-founder Prince Amarante said. According to Amarante, the “perfect match” is only created through great experiences.
Amarante is a senior international affairs major and co-founded the app with his friend, senior information technology major Jason Amaya.
The founders believe there are two things required for great dating experiences to happen — one, people have to actually go on dates, which Amarante says happens less in Gen Z compared to other generations; and two, letting go of all expectations.
“We believe the purpose of dating is to do nothing more than focus on getting to know the person across from you on the date,” Amarante said. “This means letting go of all boxes that need to be checked, being present and most importantly — focusing on the experience of dating itself.”
How does Friend(s) work?
As Friend(s) is a JMU-exclusive app, students start by creating an individual
account using their Dukes email to verify their enrollment at JMU. Once verified, they complete a short five-question personality quiz based on social and dating scenarios. Each user is then assigned a color and personality type that reflects their responses.
After that, students build their individual profile; including their graduation year, photos, interests, hometown and more. Then, they can send “pair invites” to friends via iMessage after their profile is complete.
When a friend accepts the invite and completes their own setup, the two create a duo profile together. Each user can have up to three active duos.
Each duo profile includes a joint photo displayed on the swipe page and a shared prompt: “What brings you both to the Friend(s) app?”
Swiping is open Monday through Wednesday until 11:59 p.m. After that, the app pauses until 11 a.m. on Thursday, when each pair’s matches drop for the weekend. Users can message their matches from Thursday to Sunday, but if no conversation starts by 11:59 p.m. on Sunday, the match disappears.
Swiping is disabled during the conversation period to encourage users to focus on conversations and going out on dates instead of endlessly swiping.
How was Friend(s) inspired?
Amarante and Amaya came up with the idea for Friend(s) sitting on the couch one Saturday night watching “How I Met Your Mother.”
A few episodes in, there’s a classic scene where the characters Barney and Ted are at a
bar, and Barney walks up to a girl and says, “Have you met my Ted?”
Amarante paused and said, “Dude, we gotta try that. You know, some of the best dates I’ve been on were when it was you and me on a double date. Whether the date went well or not didn’t even matter, it was fun because you were there.”
Amaya laughed and agreed.
Amaya and Amarante were both working internships in Washington, D.C. at the time, so Amarante brought up the idea of making a joint Hinge profile.
“On Hinge, instead of putting just my name, I added both of ours, and for the last name, I wrote ‘2 Man’, Gen Z’s version of a double date. And honestly, it blew up. We got a ton of likes, and people thought it was hilarious,” Amarante said.
He then had a thought, ‘What if this was an actual app?’ The next day, they started building Friend(s).
What makes the app different from others?
Friend(s) differentiates across three main areas: brand, demographic focus and usage purpose. The brand is built around college students’ lives and experiences, and dating is a large part of that experience, Amarante said.
“The purpose for using our app is for students to get off the couch and go hangout with other friends in person,” Amarante said.
The founders don’t lead with the fact that Friend(s) is a dating app — dating is a feature of the app, but Friend(s) itself is something college students can relate to.
If the app is expanded, it will be campus specific, Amarante said. Virginia Tech, UVA and other universities will have their own Friend(s), only accessible by using their university email.
Are there privacy and safety features built-in?
The app is built around the idea that college students deserve a way to meet people that actually feels safe, intentional and fun.
“One feature I’m especially proud of is our duo profile system,” Amarante said. “You join with a friend, so every match and meetup starts with a built-in layer of safety and comfort. It takes a lot of pressure off dating and creates accountability in a way that’s social rather than restrictive.”
From the weekly match cycle to the verification process, the app’s mission is reinforced. The founders said that they hope through this app, dating on campus will feel safer, more human and more real.
“What makes me proud is that every safety and privacy choice we’ve made from the weekly match cycle to our verification process reinforces our mission: making dating on campus feel safer, more human and more real,” Amarante said
CONTACT Bella Arist at aristai@dukes. jmu.edu. For more on the culture, arts and lifestyle of the JMU and Harrisonburg communities, follow the culture desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @ BreezeJMU.
The app would be JMU-exclusive and only for verified students. However, the developer hopes to expand to other universities. Anna Thomas / The Breeze
Dukes enter the digital arena: JMU Esports continues to make strides
By SOPHIA RANDAZZO contributing writer
As collegiate electronic sports (esports) programs explode across the country, JMU is positioning itself as a serious contender. What started as a small group of students playing competitive games together has evolved into a large community of passionate gamers and dedicated staff. Together, they’ve built an outstanding esports program that’s making a name for itself in collegiate sports.
Esports are organized, competitive video game events in which individual players or teams compete against one another, often in popular titles such as “League of Legends,” “Valorant,” “Rocket League,” “Overwatch” or “Counter-Strike: Global Offensive.” These competitions can take place online or in-person at live events and are frequently streamed on platforms like Twitch or YouTube, where fans watch their favorite players and teams.
Esports came to JMU in 2022 when a group of friends wanted to play first-person shooter “Valorant” as a team. Creating an esports team wasn’t the original goal, but rather, they came together to play and have a good time, Chupka said.
“My friend had asked me to first join as a sub,” Rainbow Six Siege varsity team member Talbot Spraker said. “I ended up sticking with it because it is an enjoyable experience, there are good guys and it’s a lot of fun.”
The group of Dukes had their team and the game they wanted to compete in, all they needed was an arena — that’s where JMU’s X-Labs stepped in.
JMU X-Labs is a hub where students, teachers and others come together to solve real-world problems by bringing together multiple perspectives and skills. X-Labs provided funding and an arena for the “Valorant” team that included 12 computers, mice, mouse pads and headsets.
“Most students prefer to bring their own setup, even though we offer it,” JMU Esports Program Coordinator Juliette Chupka said. “It comes down to preference, but we do provide the equipment for them.”
In spring 2022, esports became an official program of JMU X-labs. The program has added many other competitive games to its roster. As of now, the esports teams compete in “League of Legends,” “Overwatch 2,” “Rainbow Six Siege,” “Rocket League,” “Super Smash Bros. Ultimate” and “Valorant.”
“The teams we have each year are interest-based,” Chupka said. “It’s really up to the students’ initiative to make the teams happen.”
There are three levels of competition on the team: varsity, junior varsity and academy-level. Teams are divided based on experience and skill level and each team includes three to six players. Currently, due to the program’s size, there are no academy-level teams. Students must try out to be on the teams. However, this isn’t the only way to be part of the program.
As JMU Esports also provides space for students who just want to play games, students can join the esports program and utilize their arena without being required to play on a team. There are
together, like casual gaming events, Chupka said.
“If you are just looking to get into video games, that’s okay. I know it can be intimidating to see JMU Esports and think it’s just esports, but I promise there is something for everyone,” Chupka said.
Students don’t even have to play to be on the team. The program has marketing and broadcasting teams as well.
The marketing team is responsible for video editing and social media, and students can join with no prior knowledge needed. Meanwhile, the broadcasting team is responsible for streaming. Streaming involves live commentary, playby-plays, highlights and analysis, which requires some previous knowledge. The team streams most competitions on Twitch, which typically take place every day of the week.
The esports program also provides multiple leadership opportunities. Not only does each team have a captain who helps build the team and create practice schedules, but the program also has a student advisory board. Although the board is relatively new, there is hope that it will eventually take on responsibilities such as planning upcoming events, managing logistics and supporting teams.
“I joined the advisory board this year mainly because I had been serving as a ‘volunteer student coordinator’ the last three semesters to help the previous director,” Student Advisory Board Chair Nick Storer said. “Knowing JMU Esports was in new, but great, hands this year, when the opportunity arose, I wanted to continue doing what I can to grow or
maintain the program by helping out with small things others might not notice.”
JMU Esports competes in the National Association for Collegiate Esports (NACE), the Eastern College Athletic Conference and various minor leagues. Each team practices one to three times a week, typically consisting of playing in custom games, practicing skills or scrimmaging against other teams.
“I think practice is a great way for us to get more comfortable playing as a team, rather than as individuals,” Spraker said. “It helps us with our coordination, communication and developing our overall strategies.”
Each team is then assigned a day, during which their team and the team they are competing against will compete.
Competing and practicing aren’t the only times team members see each other. Many teams have created a special bond and hang out often throughout the week.
“My favorite thing about esports is the people on the team — we’re really close-knit,” Spraker said. “I don’t think I would have stuck with it if it weren’t for the community here.”
Having a strong community is crucial for success, Chupka believes, as it significantly impacts how well the teams perform.
“You can’t hate each other because you have to work together,” Chupka said. “It makes it very hard to work together and win if you don’t like each other. So, generally, everyone is very welcoming to each other.”
While esports may not be very well known, its members have found a great community here at JMU. If Dukes want to get into competitive gaming or just want to play games with other students with similar interests, JMU Esports provides a welcoming space to connect, compete and have fun.
“No one is going to judge you if you think you’re not good enough, too good, too shy or too loud,” Storer said. “It’s always a good time.”
CONTACT Sophia Randazzo at randazse@dukes.jmu.edu. For more on the culture, arts, and lifestyle of the JMU and Harrisonburg communities, follow the culture desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU.
The JMU Esports team plays popular games such as Overwatch 2, Valorant and League of Legends.
Julia Tanner / The Breeze
Julia Tanner / The Breeze
What do students think about Wellness Passports?
By SOPHIA RANDAZZO contributing writer
For many JMU classes, students are instructed to attend events or complete assignments that immerse them in the class’ topic. HTH 100: Personal Wellness is one of them.
One component of HTH 100 is “Wellness Passports,” an assignment that requires students to attend four wellness events on different topics for about 15% of their grade and to “enhance” their personal wellness.
“I think that most people would think they’re pretty stupid, and I am kind of with them,” freshman Will Powell said. “It’s an easy grade, but a lot of people don’t pay attention and try to get it out of the way as soon as possible.”
According to JMU’s website, to meet the HTH 100 Wellness Passports requirement, students must attend four separate events that fulfill four of the six wellness domains: Intellectual, Social/Cultural, Emotional, Spiritual, Occupational and Environmental. Most of these events are organized by UREC, but some are organized by other JMU departments as well, such as the Counseling Center.
Each event is sorted into one or more of these Wellness Domains. After attending these events, students must obtain a stamp on their “passport” worksheet and answer questions about what they did at the event, what they learned from the event and how the event fulfills the wellness domain it’s assigned to.
“I think it is a phenomenal program within the academic unit,” said Sasha Griffith, the associate director for programs and assessments at UREC. “It is so integrated with getting hours, the stamps and the way
that each passport has to be in a different part of the wellness wheel.”
However, some students don’t believe that these passports are the best way to motivate them to attend UREC events, specifically because of the domains they’re required to fulfill.
“I think telling people to go to one from each domain is kind of silly,” sophomore Cara Ricciardi said. “I think it would be better if people could pick which ones they wanted to go to, which ones they think they would benefit from or enjoy the most.”
The domain requirements are designed to expose students to all wellness areas, Griffith said. She added that while allowing
students to choose freely might increase engagement, it could also undermine the program’s original goal.
“I think it is a really cool way to get folks exposed to the whole wellness wheel, versus some people thinking it is just eating and working out that makes you well, which is not true,” Griffith said.
Another issue students notice with the passports is their format. Students are required to submit their passports on cardstock paper, which can only be retrieved from JMU’s print services, located in King Hall and Foundation Hall.
“I think it is annoying that we have to use the cardstock paper,” Ricciardi said. “There
is no other form of submitting other than the cardstock, like online or on a normal piece of paper.”
However, the main issue that most students see with the passport events is that they may not encourage the intended meaningful engagement with the events. Ricciardi said that making the passports graded may deter students from truly absorbing the information from the programs.
“I think it is a good way to get people started and get them understanding that JMU has so much to offer event-wise, but I think as soon as you put a grade behind an activity, it makes students less inclined to do something for themselves and really take away from something,” Ricciardi said.
In addition, it’s common for students at these events — more specifically, the ones that are lecture-based — to be on their phones while the instructors are presenting. Some students believe that only showing up for the stamp without paying attention to the events are unfair to those who actually want to participate.
“Most of the kids who are there for the passports and just there for the grade don’t really interact much with the people, like myself, who actually want to participate,” freshman Dezaray Frye said. “It kind of sucks that you’re just sitting there and no one around you is listening or interacting with you.”
Read more online at breezejmu.org
CONTACT Sophia Randazzo at randazse@ dukes.jmu.edu. For more on the culture, arts, and lifestyle of the JMU and Harrisonburg communities, follow the culture desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU.
Wellness Passports are designed to expose students to different wellness domains. Breeze file photo
Poverty Simulation builds economic empathy in Dukes
By CHARLIE BODENSTEIN The Breeze
Unexpected evictions, insurmountable medical bills, crippling housing costs and violent crime.
These are just a few of the obstacles that impoverished communities face in their day-to-day lives, underlined by the Poverty Simulation at JMU, which lasted from Monday to Wednesday last week.
The U.S.’s income inequality is injected into every community across the country. But the question is, are you facing the consequences or are you reaping the benefits?
The Poverty Simulation at JMU aims to educate Dukes on how impoverished communities navigate life by placing them through hypothetical everyday scenarios — being evicted, relying on food stamps, receiving an unpayable medical bill and other tumultuous, but sometimes unavoidable, situations.
This semester’s Poverty Simulation took place in the Festival Ballroom. The Institute for Innovation and Human Health Services (IIHHS) organized the event. One of the simulation’s coordinators, Associate Director of Interprofessional and Interdisciplinary Education Vesna Hart, said they aim to “sensitize students to the reality of poverty” and to provide interdisciplinary solutions to poverty’s impacts.
Hart, who has worked on the program for three years, said the simulation typically recruits 350 to 500 student volunteers from the College of Health and Behavioral Sciences (CHBS) each year.
Student volunteers are sorted into 26 different “families” at the start of the simulation. Each family had a unique
structure and set of obstacles. For example, some families were two-parent households with multiple children enrolled in public school, while others were a singular elderly person using Social Security benefits to keep themselves afloat financially.
After each student has been placed in a family, the simulation begins. Students then simulate impoverished living for one month, which is separated into four 15-minute “weeks.”
From there, students had to choose how to address their family’s problems. The participants could go to the bank to take out loans, visit the police station, shop at the grocery
store, drop their children off at daycare, sell items at a pawn shop or talk to social services.
While the simulation is intended to teach students how impoverished communities function, it also taught attendees how to address these issues as professionals in the workforce, Hart said.
“It’s important for us as future professionals to pay attention to who the people are in front of us, and where their story is and how we can assist them,” Hart said.
At the end of the simulation, students were invited to reflect on their experiences and given feedback from the faculty volunteers. Assistant nursing professor Callie Bradley moderated the reflection period. The volunteers who staffed the different stations were also invited to reflect on what the students did and what could be improved upon in the future.
As students reflected, Bradley mentioned stressful but common situations that impoverished communities face every day, such as not having enough money to support their families or getting laid off from their jobs. Throughout the simulation, Bradley challenged the students to think critically about the challenges they faced, and how issues like childcare, healthcare, crime and cost of housing are all significant challenges for those living in poverty.
Read more online at breezejmu.org
CONTACT Charlie Bodenstein at thebreezeculture@gmail. com@dukes.jmu.edu. For more on the culture, arts, and lifestyle of the JMU and Harrisonburg communities, follow the culture desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU.
Students are divided into “families” and given unique obstacles to tackle. Charlie Bodenstein / The Breeze
SPORTS
EDITORS Preston Comer & Gavin Avella EMAIL breezesports@gmail.com
JMU football ready to continue Sun Belt slate against Marshall
By GAVIN AVELLA The Breeze
JMU football (7-1, 5-0 Sun Belt) are traveling away for their second consecutive week after an unconventional Tuesday night 52-20 win over Texas State. JMU will continue its Sun Belt slate this Saturday against Marshall (4-4, 2-2).
Like all of JMU’s previous conference opponents, the Thundering Herd may not have a near flawless win-loss record or an extremely dominant display so far this season, but they are coming into Saturday’s game not only with a chip on their shoulder, looking to play spoiler to the Dukes’ party, but also with extra fuel to the fire and juice personally as a university.
“It’s a great opportunity for us to play in a, you know, just what we understand is a pretty hostile environment,” head coach Bob Chesney said. “I think it’s a great place to play, and obviously, this day in the history of that program means a lot, and we’ll do that with respect and honor and make sure that we understand the gravity of that situation.”
This Saturday’s game in Huntington, West Virginia will mark the 56th anniversary of the Nov. 14 Marshall Air Disaster — in which 75 members of the Marshall University football team, players, coaches and staff died in a plane crash.
The Thundering Herd will wear special uniforms to honor the occasion.
While Saturday’s bout might mean a little bit more to Marshall and see it come into the contest with some added juice, the Thundering Herd have been a fiery, gritty team all season long with the record and box scores to prove it.
The Thundering Herd began their 2025 season with a trip south to face off against now No. 5 ranked Georgia, a game in which they lost 45-7, before returning back home to Huntington for their home opener, a game in which they lost 21-20 to Missouri State.
While the initial two-game losing streak to open the season might have seemingly ended some programs’ seasons before it effectively began, Marshall was determined to right its wrongs and get back on the right track.
Get back on the right track it did, beating Eastern Kentucky 38-7 at home and then heading away to beat Middle Tennessee 42-28 in hostile territory, before narrowly dropping its first conference matchup against Louisiana 54-51, in part to its quarterback change and five total turnovers.
After two consecutive wins versus conference opponents — first a 48-24 victory over ODU, immediately followed by a 40-37 win over Texas State — Marshall stumbled and
faltered a bit with a 44-27 loss to Coastal Carolina at its home turf in Conway.
As aforementioned, while the Thundering Herd’s 4-4 record might not exactly jump off the page as a formidable threat, their offense and offensive schemes do, in fact, strike some fear into opposing teams.
“And that’s, to me, a sign of a really good offense, they’re not going to ever just play in one sandbox and say, ‘this is just what we do,’” Chesney said. “They’re really diversified, and they will keep you on your toes, and there’s a lot of offense that you’ve got to defend.
While Marshall is entering Saturday’s matchup in Huntington coming off its game against Coastal Carolina with some questions surrounding its ball security after turning the ball over four times — throwing two interceptions and fumbling twice to squander its first-half lead and ultimately lose — the offensive efficacy and prowess are undeniable.
“It’s an explosive offense that scored a lot of points in the league and has had a lot of opportunities,” defensive coordinator Colin Hitschler said. “Even last week, they just happened to turn it over at some key moments, but they moved the ball, and they’ve given themselves opportunities to win games.”
Chesney shed some more light on the Thundering Herd offense and how it operates schematically.
“They’re predominantly running zone, that is ultimately what they do, with a lot of different elements where the quarterback can keep the ball, that’s sort of their scheme part of it,” Chesney said.
The quarterback in question who has led the Thundering Herd this season is redshirt junior quarterback Carlos Del RioWilson, who has completed 111 of his 157 passes for a 70% completion percentage, 1286 yards, 13 touchdowns and only three interceptions through the air, while adding 105 rushes for 481 yards and an additional four scores on the ground, giving opposing defenses a headache with his arm and legs.
“But then you get into this quarterback run game, and it’s special, right?” Chesney said. “They do a lot of misdirection, there’s a ton of different motion action off of it, a wrong-way run in the backfield with the bash plays, and they’re putting themselves in a situation where this quarterback can carry a heavy load.”
Chesney spoke highly of Del Rio-Wilson, his supporting cast and the entire Marshall offense, highlighting some of the problems they could pose for JMU’s defense this Saturday.
“But then off every single quarterback run play, there’s a play
action shot that comes off of it,” Chesney said. “So if you end up trying to add back in to get the extra hat to the quarterback, they’re going to make you pay for that.”
When asked about similarities to the Dukes’ previous opponent in Texas State offensively, Hitschler drew some comparisons and highlighted some similarities in the two schemes and styles of play.
“Again, another very mobile, athletic quarterback kind of leading the show,” Hitschler said. “I think they have quick receivers on the outside, very similar to what Texas State had, and they make a lot of explosive plays, exploiting one on one matchups, but I mean, that’s all offenses, so we got to do a good job keeping the ball in front of us, we got to do a good job containing the run game. It’s another run-first offense that definitely sets up the pass by moving the ball, running it, so a big challenge ahead of us.”
Marshall has deployed a run-heavy offense and has spearheaded this approach with a running back room by committee led by Del Rio-Wilson, but with four other running backs carrying the ball 30 or more times and finding the end zone at least once.
While the running back room is filled with depth and talent across the board with no clear-cut No. 1 option, the quick receivers Hitschler alluded to are led by one man: senior wide receiver Demarcus Lacey.
Lacey has racked up 40 receptions for 508 yards and four touchdowns through the air, but has also been a threat as a ball carrier out of the backfield, rushing 13 separate times for 111 yards, something Chesney made sure to acknowledge.
“They’re not afraid to fire some bullets and trick plays from reverses to whatever it might be,” Chesney said. “And then there’s this underlying theme of how do we get him [Lacey] the ball? How do we get him [Lacey] the ball on jets, on reverses, how do we get him the ball as many different ways on screens as we can?”
Read more online at breezejmu.org
CONTACT Gavin Avella at breezesports@gmail.com. For more football coverage, follow the sports desk on X and Instagram @TheBreezeSports.
JMU didn’t make the first CFP ranking. How did the selection committee evaluate teams?
By PRESTON COMER The Breeze
Tuesday marked the initial College Football Playoff rankings of the season. The 12-person committee ranks who it deems the best 25 teams in college football — JMU fell short.
Mack Rhoades, the committee chair, said 10 commissioners and Notre Dame’s athletic director set the rules for the selection process.
“Their instructions to us are to select the best 25 teams in college football and rank them for inclusion in the playoff,” Rhoades said. “Preseason polls do not matter to us. No other organizations’ polls matter to us.”
The committee’s rankings were released live on ESPN Tuesday night, but one thing was missing: a Group of Five team.
Last season, two Group of Five teams made the first ranking in No. 12 Boise State and No. 25 Army. Boise State ended up making the playoffs, but multiple Group of Five teams made every ranking last season.
As for now, Memphis is technically the provisional No. 12 seed in the bracket, as its the highest-ranked Group of Five team in the AP poll, sitting at No. 22.
Rhoades said the committee introduced a new metric to evaluate teams: strength of record, which measures how well a team performs against its schedule.
Rhoades also said the committee tweaked schedule strength and how that metric is evaluated.
“Schedule strength measures the difficulty of schedule up to that point, but we put more weight on the stronger teams,” Rhoades said.
Even though he emphasized those metrics, Rhoades said those are just a “handful” of the committee measures teams.
“Not any one metric weighted heavier than the other,” Rhoades said. “We use them all at our disposal to try to get the very best answer, and I think that’s where the public misses out a little bit; just the beauty in this is the actual debate and discussion and conversation in the room when we’re talking about all of those metrics.”
ESPN currently has JMU football (7-1, 5-0 Sun Belt) at 28% chance to make the playoffs, while Memphis (8-1, 4-1 American) has a 21% chance. ESPN also has North Texas (28%) and South Florida (26%) in the mix.
Here’s how JMU’s metrics compared to Memphis, North Texas and USF:
Strength of record
JMU: No. 30 in FBS
Memphis: No. 32
North Texas: No. 33 (8-1, 4-1 American)
USF: No. 24 (6-2, 3-1 American)
JMU: No. 111
Strength of schedule
Memphis: No. 120
North Texas: No. 126
USF: No. 41
Biggest
win
JMU: Old Dominion. When the Dukes and ODU faced off, both were atop the Sun Belt East, meaning their matchup had major implications for winning the division. JMU won 63-27, but the Monarchs have won their last two games and sit at 6-3 (3-2 Sun Belt).
Memphis: USF. The Tigers and Bulls matchup didn’t just have conference implications, but CFP implications, as both are in the mix. Despite being down 31-17, Memphis scored 17 unanswered during the fourth quarter to beat then-No. 20 USF.
North Texas: Navy. North Texas handed Navy its first loss of the season on Nov. 1. Not only did North Texas win, but it won in dominating 31-17 fashion. Navy had scored at least 30 points in five of its six prior games, but North Texas held it to just 17 points and forced two interceptions.
USF : Boise State or Florida. USF started the season off hot with two ranked wins — one over then-No. 25 Boise State followed by then-No. 13 Florida. While the Bulls were neck and neck with Florida, they breezed past Boise State 34-7.
CONTACT Preston Comer at breezesports@gmail.com. For more football coverage, follow the sports desk on X and Instagram @TheBreezeSports.
No Group of Five team, including JMU football, made the initial College Football Playoff ranking. Photos by Annabel Dewey / The Breeze
OPINION
EDITOR EMAIL breezeopinion@gmail.com Caroline McKeown
Want to praise someone or get something off your chest? Darts & Pats is the place to do it. Submit your own at breezejmu.org.
An “I-heart-Potty-Mouth” pat to the number one (get it?).
From the second-floor Harrison Hall potties that have been so boring without Potty Mouth.
Caffeine consumption major
EMMA CURRIE contributing columnist
While America may run on Dunkin’, the vast majority of college students run on a little bit more. Students run on caffeine the way that cars run on gas, meaning our generation doesn’t just consume caffeine — we depend on it.
You know it’s bad when you overhear someone saying they’re looking forward to their morning cup of coffee when they’re brushing their teeth at night. According to a national survey conducted by Grand Canyon University, 95% of college students consume caffeine in some form, leaving only 5% of students who manage to function without it.
In other words, caffeine isn’t just common on campus; it’s practically a requirement for survival. In fact, the Grand Canyon University study found that 92% of students had consumed caffeine in the past year, and the mean daily intake among users was around 173 mg.
our burnout. While many people major in business, engineering or biology, the caffeine consumption major has become a very real part of the college curriculum.
For myself, caffeine isn’t just about staying awake. While that is a bonus, I’ve found that it’s a form of motivation, as well as a little reward for getting through the difficult parts of my day. In the same survey from before, students shared that 79% of them used caffeine “to feel awake,” 68% “for the taste,” 39% “for the social aspects” and 31% “to improve concentration.” Although everyone is different, it’s safe to say that what starts as a way to stay alert slowly turns into a source of comfort and control. Before we know it, we’ve become addicted.
me throughout the day, but I’ve begun to ask myself whether the caffeine is helping me survive college, or if college is making me survive on caffeine. When your days are defined by when you can squeeze in your next caffeine fix, the dependency has quietly moved from perk to protocol.
A “all-hail-the-boss” pat to the “Springsteen: Deliver Me From Nowhere” movie.
From a fan who can’t believe the hate it’s getting.
Caffeine has become part of the college identity, staying in our hands during morning lectures, study sessions and latenight marathons. People schedule their days around their consumption. Coffee shops have become our unofficial classrooms, and the caffeine crash is just another kind of homework deadline.
Somewhere along the way, caffeine became a second major. We study it, depend on it and celebrate it, even as it quietly fuels
You may be thinking, there are a lot worse substances to rely on throughout the day. However, treating caffeine like an accessory is where things tend to go wrong. According to a study done by Texas Christian University, frequent caffeine use is associated with withdrawal symptoms when skipped. Some of these include headache, fatigue or irritability. I can say firsthand that these withdrawal symptoms are no joke! Some students have even reported negative impacts on sleep or stress from caffeine use, yet it’s rarely framed as a dependence. It’s just like another tool in a toolkit or another necessary part of most people’s daily routines.
It has become part of my routine for sure. Most days, I’m on my second coffee by 9 a.m., which isn’t something I should be bragging about. It’s great and it helps fuel
At 20 years old, it feels as if that’s something I shouldn’t need multiple doses of to make it through the day. While it’s a nice bonus or treat, I am one of many students whose intake often surges beyond the recommended 400 mg per day. And honestly, I’m not even one of the “bad cases.” I have friends who consume well over the recommended limit, drinking around 500 to 600 mg per day. Those are the students who really claim the second major in caffeine consumption, which in turn makes it feel like a requirement for graduation.
By the time we graduate, 95% of college students from before will walk away with more than a standard bachelor’s degree; we’ll be walking away with a dependency. Maybe it’s time for Dukes to prove that we don’t have to run on caffeine to keep moving forward.
CONTACT Emma Currie at currieeg@ dukes.jmu.edu. For more editorials regarding the JMU and Harrisonburg communities, follow the opinion desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU.
A “break-a-leg-and-achair” pat to Trisha Paytas’ first broadway performance.
From a fan who admires her lore and range.
A “shriveled-liver” dart to Halloweekend and the inventor of Four Loko
From a fallen soldier who’s still finding glitter on their body.
Caffeine availability isn’t limited to just coffee. Annabel Dewey / The Breeze
AI, Gamify: Where do educators fit in the ever-changing classroom?
CHARLES-NICOLAS OWEN contributing columnist
The educational environment today is grappling with profound shifts in student attention and motivation, evidenced by what Harvard Business Impact identifies as a lack of student engagement. This challenge is widely recognized as one of the greatest challenges of educators today, driving a continuous search for new pedagogical tricks to reinvigorate the learning experience.
Two technological solutions have risen to prominence: gamification and so-called AI, the latter of which is often more accurately labeled as large language models. While these technologies promise revolutionary personalization and motivation, their convergence carries the risk of fundamentally altering the learning process by reducing its intrinsic value and purpose.
Gamification is employed as a trendy strategy in the classroom to address the engagement deficit. Its fundamental change to the learning process lies in reframing the difficult work of learning as a game, serving as a crucial way of coaxing curiosity back into students. This reframing instantly alters the psychological landscape of instruction.
The classroom shifts from a challenging environment (what might traditionally be perceived as a chamber of endurance) to one defined by play. In this environment, the formal structure of the game becomes the language of discovery, guiding students through content mastery using mechanics they find familiar and engaging.
When gamification is executed effectively, its impact on student motivation is distinctly positive, particularly when compared to the limitations of conventional assessment methods. Gamification provides motivation, scaffolds persistence and rewards mastery in ways that traditional grading often cannot. The structure inherent in game design encourages sustained effort. For instance, a student who is actively striving for the “next level,” a common metric in gamified systems, is engaged in deep motivational work. Without even necessarily realizing it, that student is actively cultivating resilience, collaboration and a sense of ownership in their education. The clear goals and immediate feedback loops intrinsic to game mechanics help foster a sense of progress and accomplishment that drives continued effort toward educational objectives.
Despite its initial promise, gamification introduces a severe risk when applied carelessly. Since games have winners and losers, focusing too heavily on competition distorts the educational goal. The learning environment risks being reduced to competition — to points and scores and streaks. This reduction is problematic because it allows the mechanics of the game to eclipse the subject itself.
When the classroom experience is dominated by points and rewards, the motivation driving the student becomes extrinsic rather than intrinsic. The deepest danger is that the intrinsic worth of knowledge risks being swallowed by the mechanics of reward. The student’s educational objective shifts from mastery
to metric optimization. They may begin to learn not because the content is beautiful or worthwhile, but simply because they wish to avoid “losing rank” within the competitive structure. Learning itself ceases to inspire and, instead, habituates students to treat learning itself as another transaction.
Alongside gamification, the emergence of AI — specifically generative AI or large language models — introduces a powerful, yet complex, element to the educational equation. This technology brings a new and weighty promise into the mix: the ability to provide personalized learning at scale never before imagined.
One of the most immediate and profound benefits of AI is its capacity to overcome fundamental constraints inherent in traditional human-led classrooms. A machine can provide instruction that a teacher, who is fundamentally bound by time and class size, simply cannot sustain. Specifically, a generative-AI model can patiently explain, again and again, difficult concepts until the student achieves understanding. This level of patient, repetitive and tailored instruction represents a revolutionary advancement in instructional accessibility.
The true critical danger, however, materializes when the pairing of AI and gamification occurs. This convergence introduces the risk of creating an educational experience far thinner than either intends. This thinning is directly related to the impulse to quantify every educational moment.
Fueled by the analytical capabilities of AI, instructional platforms are becoming increasingly eager to badge, score and
automate every gesture of the student. The consequences for the learning process are immediate and reductive: Intellectual thought is minimized to clicks, and deep comprehension is reduced to metrics. This drive to algorithmically quantify too much is fundamentally pedagogically destructive.
The institutional desire to quickly adopt new tools can lead them to embrace these tools without pause (often driven by the pressure to stay ahead). An uncritical adoption risks sacrificing what pedagogy has only begun to rediscover: the core, philosophical purpose of education. The essential pedagogical truth that is endangered is that education isn’t merely a standardized delivery of content but the formation of the whole person.
Education is inherently the slow process of freeing the mind to think for itself; a non-linear, deep and personal journey. This process clashes directly with systems designed to reward instantaneous, quantifiable metrics. The foundational error inherent in this technological rush is one of misplaced valuation. To gamify too quickly, or to apply algorithmic quantification excessively, is to commit a cognitive mistake: mistaking the glitter of efficiency for the gold of wisdom.
Read more online at the breezejmu.org
CONTACT Charles-Nicolas Owen at owen2cn@dukes.jmu.edu. For more editorials regarding the JMU and Harrisonburg communities, follow the opinion desk on X @TheBreezeJMU and on Instagram @BreezeJMU.
Charles-Nicolas Owen / The Breeze
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Corrections
(10/30/25): The article “JMU Victim Advocacy service now open 24/7” was miscredited. The article was written by Sierra Stockman. The online version has been updated with the correct author.
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1 Bedroom 1 Bath Apartment
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