Avion Issue 5 Fall 2016

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| Issue 5 | Volume 146 | Tuesday, October 4, 2016 | theavion.com |

Image Courtesy:Spacex

“A Million People on Mars”

SpaceX CEO Elon Musk Presents Interplanetary Dream for the Human Race Henry Neiberlien News Editor

What’s Inside

On Tuesday, Sept. 27 at the 67th International Astronautical Congress, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk revealed his company’s plan for a transportation system for Mars. This proposed system would be the largest spacecraft ever built and the largest rocket ever launched. The vehicle, called the Interplanetary Transport System, will be a fully reusable system consisting of a booster, a tanker and a spacecraft capable of carrying over a hundred people and supplies to the red planet and beyond. The first stage of the vehicle will be powered by 42 Raptor rocket motors fueled by liquid methane, and nine Raptor engines will power the spacecraft. Elon hopes the vehicle can make it to Mars in about 80-100 days. A mission and vehicle of this magnitude will surely be unfathomably expensive, and Elon Musk is acutely

aware of this. He states that main reason he is accumulating wealth is to fund a permanent colony on Mars. However, the ITS will require an estimated $10 billion in funding alone, not to mention the cost of actually establishing a base on the Martian surface. Musk also stated that one of the reasons he attended the conference was to hopefully gain endorsement and sponsorships for the mission and to inform the international community of his intentions. One of the main issues discussed during the event was how to entice people to want to go to Mars. To attract people to go, the price per ticket has to come down. Musk proposed that through total reusability of the ITS system the cost per ticket could drop to an estimated price of $100,000. Of course, this is still a large sum of money, but it is magnitudes better than countless dollars, which is the current price as there is not currently a way for

Astronomy Open House

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humans to get to Mars. Of course, the problem of transportation is what Elon is trying to solve with Space X. Elon Musk wants to build the “Union Pacific Railroad” for space. The approach that Space X is taking to Mars appears to be if they build it, people will go. Of course, Elon wants anyone who goes to Mars to have the security of knowing they can still return to Earth. For the spacecraft to come back to Earth, when the vehicle is in LEO, a tanker will be sent up to refuel a number of times, depending on the destination and payload. Sending a tanker all the way to Mars would be quite difficult, as the colonists would have to wait for a launch window and wait the transit time between the two planets, and then wait for another window to fly back. Space X has researched this problem and has come to the conclusion that fuel will have to be manufactured on site, from the Martian soil itself.

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In order to manufacture fuel, Space X had to figure out which fuel to use. Of course, kerosene and petroleum-based fuels were out of the question as they can only be found on Earth. Hydrogen was also hard to find on Mars. Metholox, a Methane and oxygen based fuel that can be manufactured from Mars’ atmosphere and the frozen water found in the soil. Being able to produce fuels on other worlds opens up the entire solar system for human exploration. Elon Musk presented artist renderings of possible manned missions to Jupiter, Saturn, and their Moons. Musk even implied missions to objects in the Kuiper Belt, such as Pluto, could be possible. Elon Musk has also stated that his company will be sending spacecraft to Mars at every opening from now on, starting with the Red Dragon mission in 2018 utilizing a modified Dragon V2 capsule. The fist ITS trips to Mars, car-

rying mostly supplies, are slated for 2024. The constant trips to Mars are what Elon hopes could establish a self-sustaining colony of one million people in forty to one hundred years. Elon is not just looking for astronauts; he proposes all jobs will be necessary. Everything from blacksmithing to chefs to farmers. Of course, these missions will not be as safe as taking a stroll through the park. Elon Musk has said that the first people on Mars “should be prepared to die.” This is

one of the reasons Musk himself is wary of going. He wants to make sure that his companies have a succession plan so his dream can continue in the event he loses his life. The future of humanity is very clouded, but even though this plan might sound crazy now, if we do not travel to the stars we are destined to die on Earth. To quote Christopher Nolan’s space epic “Interstellar,” “Mankind was born on Earth. It was never meant to die here.”

Image Courtesy/SpaceX

A comparison of heavy launch vehicles with the SpaceX Mars Vehicle.

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