6
CHAPTER
Distillation: It is defined as the process of separation of the constituents of a mixture by vaporization and further recovering the liquid at other place by condensation.
Distilland: It is the feed liquid in distillation apparatus which is to be distilled Condensate or dlstJUate: The liquid which is collected by condensation is called condensate. Distilled water: It is the water in which impurities are removed through distillation. Reflux: It is the part of condensate which goes back to the column. Reflux ratio: It is the ratio of reflux to product. Molecular distUlatlon: It is defmed as distillation process in which molecules travels mean free path without coming into collision with one another by applying vacuum and also condensed separately.
Mean rree path: It is defined as the average distance travelled by single molecules in a straight line without any collision RectUlcatlon: It is the process of separation between components of the mixture containing miscible volatile liquids having different but close boiling points.
6.1 INTRODUCTION Distillation can be defined as the process of separation of the constituents of a mixture by vaporization and further recovering the liquid at other place by condensation. The feed liquid in distillation apparatus which is to be distilled is called distill and while liquid collected by condensation is called condensate or distillate. Distillation is used to separate volatile components from non volatile components or to separates a mixture of liquids with different boiling points. Distillation is also used to purify liquid mixtures. Distillation differs from evaporation and drying. In distillation, condensation vapor is required as product while in evaporation the concentrated liquid residue is fmal product and in drying, dried solid residue is used as product.