### Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition) by
Elaine Marieb and Katja Hoehn
- Detailed Summary
**Overview:**
The 11th edition of "Human Anatomy & Physiology" by Elaine Marieb and Katja Hoehn provides a comprehensive and detailed examination of the human body's structure and function. The textbook is widely used in undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses and is known for its clear explanations, engaging writing style, and focus on the relationships between anatomy and physiology.
**Introduction:**
The book opens with an introduction to the human body, including basic anatomical terminology, an overview of the body’s organization from the chemical level to the entire organism, and fundamental physiological concepts. It also discusses homeostasis, the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions, and introduces the concept of feedback systems.
**Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation**
This chapter introduces students to the language of anatomy, covering terms related to body regions, directions, and planes. It also describes the body’s major cavities and organ systems, providing a foundational understanding of how the body is organized.
**Chapter
2: Chemistry Comes Alive**
A review of basic chemistry is provided, including atomic structure, chemical bonds, and reactions. This chapter lays the groundwork for understanding the chemical basis of life, covering topics such as organic and inorganic compounds, pH, and the importance of water and electrolytes.
**Chapter
3: Cells: The Living Units**
The chapter delves into cell structure and function, discussing the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles. It covers cell division (mitosis and meiosis), cellular metabolism, and protein synthesis, emphasizing the importance of cellular processes in maintaining life.
**Chapter
4: Tissue: The Living Fabric**
This chapter explores the four basic tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. It describes their structures, functions, and locations in the
body, providing a detailed understanding of how tissues contribute to organ function and overall body structure.
**Chapter 5: The Integumentary System**
Focusing on the skin and its appendages (hair, nails, glands), this chapter discusses the structure and functions of the integumentary system. It covers topics such as skin layers, pigmentation, thermoregulation, and wound healing.
**Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues**
An in-depth look at the skeletal system, this chapter covers the structure and function of bones, cartilage, and joints. It discusses bone development (ossification), growth, remodeling, and repair, as well as the classification of bones and common bone disorders.
**Chapter 7: The Skeleton**
The chapter provides a detailed examination of the human skeleton, describing the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletons. It covers the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and limb bones, along with their landmarks and functions.
**Chapter 8: Joints**
This chapter explores the classification and function of joints, including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It discusses joint structure, movement types, and common joint disorders such as arthritis.
**Chapter 9:
Muscles and Muscle Tissue**
An in-depth study of muscle tissue, this chapter covers the types of muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth), muscle anatomy, and the physiology of muscle contraction. It explains the sliding filament model, excitation-contraction coupling, and muscle metabolism.
**Chapter 10: The Muscular
System**
Focusing on the skeletal muscles, this chapter discusses muscle naming, attachments, actions, and the major muscles of the body. It provides detailed information on muscle groups and their functions in movement and posture.
**Chapter 11:
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue**
This chapter introduces the nervous system, covering the structure and function of neurons and neuroglia. It discusses the generation and transmission of nerve
impulses, synaptic transmission, and the organization of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
**Chapter 12:
The Central Nervous System**
An in-depth look at the brain and spinal cord, this chapter covers their anatomy and functions. It discusses brain regions (cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum), spinal cord structure, and the roles of cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, and the blood-brain barrier.
**Chapter 13:
The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity**
This chapter explores the peripheral nervous system (PNS), including cranial and spinal nerves, sensory receptors, and motor endings. It also discusses reflex arcs and the physiology of reflexes.
**Chapter 14:
The Autonomic Nervous System**
The chapter covers the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which regulates involuntary body functions. It discusses the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, their anatomy, neurotransmitters, and the physiological effects of ANS activity.
**Chapter 15: The Special Senses**
An exploration of the special senses, this chapter covers the anatomy and physiology of vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, and smell. It explains the sensory pathways and mechanisms involved in processing sensory information.
**Chapter 16: The
Endocrine System**
This chapter examines the endocrine system, including the structure and function of endocrine glands and hormones. It discusses hormone synthesis, release, and action, as well as the regulation of endocrine activity and common endocrine disorders.
**Chapter 17: Blood**
The chapter focuses on blood composition and functions, covering topics such as blood cells, plasma, hemostasis, and blood typing. It explains the formation and lifespan of blood cells and the mechanisms of blood clotting.
**Chapter 18:
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart**
An in-depth look at the heart, this chapter covers its anatomy, the cardiac cycle, and the conduction system. It discusses cardiac physiology, including heart sounds, electrocardiography, and factors affecting heart rate and cardiac output.
**Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels**
This chapter explores the structure and function of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. It discusses blood flow, blood pressure regulation, and the physiology of the circulatory system.
**Chapter 20: The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues**
The chapter covers the lymphatic system, including lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, tonsils). It discusses the functions of the lymphatic system in fluid balance, immunity, and disease defense.
**Chapter 21: The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses**
An examination of the immune system, this chapter covers innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immune responses. It discusses the cells and molecules involved in immunity, including lymphocytes, antibodies, and cytokines.
**Chapter 22: The Respiratory System**
This chapter explores the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, including the airways, lungs, and respiratory muscles. It covers the mechanics of breathing, gas exchange, transport, and regulation of respiration.
**Chapter 23: The Digestive System**
An in-depth look at the digestive system, this chapter covers the structure and function of the digestive organs. It discusses processes such as ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination, as well as the regulation of digestive activity.
**Chapter 24: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation**
This chapter examines the principles of nutrition, metabolism, and energy balance. It discusses the roles of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals in the body, as well as metabolic pathways and thermoregulation.
**Chapter 25: The Urinary System**
Focusing on the urinary system, this chapter covers the structure and function of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It discusses urine formation, fluid and electrolyte balance, and the regulation of kidney function.
**Chapter 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance**
This chapter explores the regulation of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the body. It discusses mechanisms of homeostasis, including the roles of the kidneys, respiratory system, and buffers.
**Chapter 27: The Reproductive System**
An in-depth look at the male and female reproductive systems, this chapter covers the anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs, gametogenesis, and hormonal regulation. It discusses reproductive cycles, fertilization, pregnancy, and common reproductive disorders.
**Chapter 28: Pregnancy and Human Development**
This chapter examines the processes of fertilization, embryonic and fetal development, and childbirth. It covers topics such as genetic inheritance, prenatal care, and complications of pregnancy and childbirth.
**Chapter 29: Heredity**
The final chapter focuses on the principles of genetics and heredity. It discusses Mendelian inheritance, genetic disorders, and the role of DNA in heredity and gene expression.
**Conclusion:**
"Human Anatomy & Physiology" (11th Edition) by Elaine Marieb and Katja Hoehn provides a thorough and detailed exploration of the human body’s structure and function. Its clear explanations, engaging writing style, and integration of anatomy and physiology make it an essential resource for students in the health and biological sciences. The textbook's comprehensive coverage, supported by detailed illustrations and real-world applications, ensures a deep understanding of the complexities of the human body.