Detailed Content
1 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 1
Location. SJu, and Shape of the Heart. 2
Surfaca of the Heart. 2
Coverinp of the Heart, 2
Structure of the Heart, 5
Layers of the Heart WalL 5
Heart Chambers, 6
Heart Valves, 8
The Heart's Blood Supply, 11
The Heart's Nerve Supply, 16
The Heart aa a Pump, 19
Cardiac Cycle, 19
Blood PreS3Ul't, 20
'1.7
2 BASIC
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY,
28
Cardiac Cella, 30
Types of Cardiac Cells, 30
Propertia of Cardiac Cells, 30
Cardiac Action Potmtial, 30
Polarization, 31
Depolarization, 31
Repolarization, 32
Phases of the Cardiac Action Potential, 32
Refractory Periods, 34
Conduction Syatem, 35
Sinoatrial Node, 35
Atrioventricular Node and Bundle, 37
Right and Left Bundle Branches, 38
Purkinje Fibers, 38
Cauaea of Dyarhythmiaa, 39
Disorders of Impulse Formation, 39
Disorders of Impulse Conduction, 39
3 SINUS MECHANISMS, 78
Introdudlon. 76
Sinua Rhythm, 77
How Do I Recognize It? 77
Sinua Bradycardia. 78
How Do I Recognize It? 78
What Causes m 78
What Do I Do About It? 79
Sinua Tadlyardia, 80
How Do I Recognize It? 80
What Causes It? 80
What Do I Do About It? 81
Sinua Arrbytbmia, 81
How Do I Recognize It? 81
What Causes It! 81
What Do I Do About It? 82
Sinoatrial Block. 82
How Do I Recognize It? 82
What Causes It? 82
What Do I Do About It? 83
Sinua Arrest, 83
How Do I Recognize It? 83
What Causes It? 83
What Do I Do About It? 84
Referencea,IOI
4 ATRIAL RHYTHMS, 102
The Ela:trocardiogr, 41
Electrodes, 41
Leads, 42
Ambulatory Cardiac Monitoring, 46
Blectrocanliopaphy Paper, 47
Waveforms, 48
Segments, 53
Intervals, 55
Artifact. 56
Symmatic Rhythm J:nterpretation. 57
Asseas Regularity, 57
Asseas Rate, 58
Identify and Examine Waveforms, 60
Asseaslntervals and Examine Segments, 60
Interpret the Rhythm, 60
Re&renca, 74
Introduction, 103
Atrial Dyar.bythmiaa: Mech.aDi~ms, 103
Abnormal Automaticity, 103
Tnggered Activity, 103
Reentry, 104
Premature Atrial Compleea, 104
How Do I Recognize It? 104
Noncompensatory versus Compensatory Pause, 105
Aberrantly Conducted Premature Atrial
Complexes, 106
Nonconducted Premature Atrial Complexes, 106
What Do I Do About Them? 107
Wuuleriq Atrial Pacemaker, 107
How Do I Recognize It? 107
What Causes It? 107
What Do I Do About It? 107
Mal.tifoc:al Atrial Tachycanlia, 108
How Do I Recognize It? 108
What Causes It? 108
What Do I Do About It? 108
Supraventricular 'Thchycardia, 108
Atrial Tachycardias, 109
Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia, 113
Atrioventricular Reentrant Thchycardia, 114
Atrial Flutter, 117
How Do I Recognize It? 117
What Causes It? 118
What Do I Do About It? 118
Atrial Fibrillation, 119
How Do I Recognize It? 119
What Causes It? 121
What Do I Do About It? 121
References, 140
5 ~UNCTIONAL RHYTHMS, 141
Introduction, 141
Premature Juncticmal Compleus, 142
How Do I Recognize 1hem~ 142
What Causes 1hem? 143
What Do I Do About Them? 143
Junctional Escape Beau or Rhythm, 144
How Do I Recognize It? 144
What Causes It? 145
What Do I Do About It? 146
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm, 146
How Do I Recognize It? 146
What Causes It? 146
What Do I Do About It? 146
Junctional Tachyardia. 146
How Do I Recognize It? 146
What Causes It? 147
What Do I Do About It? 147
References, 164
6 VENTRICULAR RHYTHMS, 165
What Causes It? 177
What Do I Do About It? 177
~(CanUa~S~).177
How Do I Recognize It? 177
What Causes It? 178
What Do I Do About It? 178
References, 193
7 ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCKS, 194
Introduction, 194
First-Degree Atrioventricalar Block, 195
How Do I Recognize It? 195
What Causes It? 196
What Do I Do About It? 197
Second-Degree Atrioventricular Blocks, 197
Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block Type I, 197
How Do I Recognize It? 197
What Causes It? 198
What Do I Do About It? 199
Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block Type ll, 199
How Do I Recognize It? 199
What Causes It? 200
What Do I Do About It? 200
2:1 Atriovmtricalar moa, 200
How Do I Recognize It? 200
Advanced Second-Degree Atriovent:rkular Block. 201
'Ihird-Degree Atrioventricu1ar Block, 202.
How Do I Recognize It? 202
What Causes It? 203
What Do I Do About It? 203
Reference8, 221
B PACEMAKER RHYTHMS, 222
Introductlon,166
Premature Ventricular Complexes, 166
How Do I Recognize 1hem~ 166
What Causes 1hem? 170
What Do I Do About Them? 170
Ventricular .Escape Beats or Rhythm,170
How Do I Recognize It? 170
What Causes It? 172
What Do I Do About It? 172
Accelerated Idlovmtrl<:Ular :Rhythm. 172
How Do I Recognize It? 172
What Causes It? 172
What Do I Do About It? 173
Ventricnlar Tachycardia, 173
How Do I Recognize It? 173
Ventricular Fibrillation, 176
Pacemaker Systema. 223
Permanent Pacemakers and hnplantable Cardioverter
Defibrillators, 223
Temporary Pacemakers, 224
Pacing Lead Symms, 225
Padng Chamben and Modes, 226
Single-Chamber Pacemakers, 226
Dual-Chamber Pacemakers, 227
Biventricular Pacemakers, 227
Fixed-Rate Pacemakers, 227
Demand Pacemakers, 227
Pacemaker Codes, 228
Pacemaker Malfunction.l28
Failure to Pace, 228
Failure to Capture, 229
Failure to Sense, 230
Analyzing Pacemaker Fund:ion on the ECG, 230
Reference., 240
9 INTRODUCTION TO THE 12-LEAD
ECG, 241
Introduction, 141
Layout of the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram, 242
Vedors,242
Axis,243
.Acute Coronary Syndromes, 244
Anatomic Location of a Myocardial Infarction, 246
Intraventricular Conduction Delays, 254
Structures of the Intraventricular Conduction System,254
Bundle Branch Activation, 254
How Do I Recognize It? 254