2
2019 Sponsors
PLATINUM SPONSORS
GOLD SPONSORS
SILVER SPONSORS
BRONZE SPONSORS
3
Table of Contents President’s Message Executive Director Message Turfgrass Feature Article Congrats Newest CPTM’s Welcome Dr. Chrissie Segars 2018 Multi-Purpose Field of the Year Feature Article– Drought Tolerance Thomas Turfgrass Press Release 2019 Summer Conference Program
14
Summer Program Inside Save the Dates!
Annual Conference and Trade Show
4 5 6-7 8-9 10 14-17 18 - 19 23 22 - 26
ADVERTISERS TTA 2019 Sponsors Bowlin Consulting Larson Golf Services Target Specialty Products All Season Turf Grass Bayer PMC King Ranch Sod Production Services Sod Solutions
10
December 10-12 Corpus Christi, TX Details Coming Soon
2 11 11 11 12 13 21 25 27 28
23
4
President’s Message
Howdy and Welcome to Spring 2019! At least most of us are experiencing spring in Texas anyway; although it snowed in the last couple of days in Colorado, I am truly glad I live and work in Texas! The Bluebonnets were and still are (in some cases) beautiful this year and hopefully that is a sign of how good the year will be for our industry. We have started the year with adequate moisture in most places and hopefully it will level out for the areas that need it too. A good spring will also help us to thank our sponsors and vendors for the TTA and the Turf grass industry by giving them more work and sales opportunities to and for us. Either way let’s be sure to thank all our sponsors that help to keep us strong. Check out our updated website to see the list of our current sponsors, and if you are not a sponsor, I urge you to reach out to Katie as there are still lots of opportunities for you to get involved. These opportunities include the summer conference and equipment rodeo which will have lots of options for vendors to show their wares in College Station! The Board of Directors for TTA met in early March and got a good jump on our Summer Conference and equipment rodeo coming the week of July 14, 2019 so please mark your calendars and join us for an unprecedented event on the campus of TAMU! I don’t think we have ever had a summer meeting like this one will be! The Board and Katie are also working to get all updated info for our current membership; we still have members that have fallen through the cracks and we want to pick them back up. If you know of someone that has let their membership lapse, help us get them back involved. Besides the Summer Conference in College Station, we will be in Corpus Christi for the Annual meeting the 10th -12th of December. We had a great turn out for the first ever sporting clays event last year, and we have some great plans to keep that going this year in Corpus! Be sure to keep an eye for the Summer Conference registration but you can already get a jump start on the website: www.texturf.com Thank you again to all the Sponsors for TTA and our BOD for their continued dedication to our Association! Have a Blessed Spring and I look forward to seeing everyone in College Station July 14-16 for the Summer Conference!! Very Respectfully, Mike Chandler MCPTM 2019 TTA President
Executive Director Message
5
Howdy Members! In this year, the TTA is looking to enhance and grow our association and that starts with you. I am wanting to try and reach as many new members and companies in 2019. If you feel the TTA can help benefit you, please let me know what I can do to engage and interact NOW! I am striving to contain more articles that reach the membership interest as well as contain advertising for our sponsors and growing companies. If you want to join any one of our newsletters and grow your business, I am here to help increase your name and company outreach. If you have any research or topics that you want to see covered, let me know and I will find the research to highlight in our quarterly newsletters. If you haven’t yet considered it, please come down the Aggieland in July; check out the newest Summer Conference location in College Station and get an exclusive tour of Kyle Field. In addition, I urge you to be a part of the Equipment rodeo that will get to exhibit on Texas A&M grounds and adjoining fields. Our association has never tried such a great location and you don’t want to miss out! Contact me now, to see how you can get a jump start and get involved in Corpus Christi this Winter, December 10th– 12th. Lastly, The CPTM Committee is looking to improve the certification process. Have you ever thought about becoming a CPTM? This program is evolving, and we want to try and help our members obtain and keep this certification. It is a program that recognizes a level of achievement in professional turfgrass management in Texas beyond a degree or a long tenure in the industry. The designation is a mark of distinction. Professionals who have this designation benefit the turfgrass industry and themselves through increased value and service to their employer, increased competitiveness in the job market, and increased self-esteem and respect. Thank you all for your dedication and support of the Texas Turfgrass Association!
I hope to see you all in College Station or in Corpus Christi this coming Winter! God Bless! Your Executive Director, Katie Flowers
6
Turfgrass Feature Article
GPS athlete performance tracking devices for...sports field management? By: Chase Straw, Ph.D. Athlete performance tracking devices are becoming prevalent in team sports at the professional and collegiate levels. An individual device is small (~3 x 1.5 inches) and usually inserted into a vest that holds it to an athlete’s upper back (Figure 1). They measure several variables regarding athlete performance during competition while on a sports field, such as distance covered, top speed, sprint count, acceleration, and deceleration. The devices are also equipped with GPS to track athletes’ location and time spent in areas on a field. Associated software, for viewing measured data, is user-friendly and normally accessible online with a login name and password. Within the software, each athletes’ performance data are broken down by individual sessions, such as practices and games. This includes a performance summary of the session, as well as maps generated with the GPS (Figure 2). Data are used by coaches, trainers, and sports scientists to develop programs that better prepare athletes for competition and optimize their on-field performance, but they could also be used for sports field management. There are several ways the information from GPS athlete performance tracking devices could be valuable for sports field management. Objective field usage information can provide justification to apply programs that mitigate concentrated areas of wear, like site-specific management or mandatory requirement of field and practice drill rotations. If field usage is then combined with field characteristics (e.g. surface hardness, soil moisture, infill depth, etc.) and documented over time, the effectiveness of management strategies could be assessed to guide future management decisions. Furthermore, the devices offer an opportunity for sports field managers to work collaboratively with coaches and trainers to possibly manipulate field conditions based on gathered data. An example could be irrigating heavily or drying down a field to alter soil moisture and surface hardness levels to perhaps accommodate a coach’s desire to achieve certain athlete performance thresholds.
Challenges will likely occur initially with using GPS athlete performance tracking devices for sports field management. The most evident being potential invasion of athlete privacy. However, this may not be that big of an issue since the most beneficial information to a sports field manager would be field usage maps. These can be easily shared by coaches or trainers as computer screenshots, which would not contain athlete data. General athlete performance could be an informal discussion between all parties without a sports field manager actually seeing any athlete information. Unfortunately, for the time being these devices are likely only relevant to higher-end sports fields due to high cost. Even if they are not applicable in your specific situation, they should become more affordable and widespread moving forward. Just like any new technology, try not to turn a blind eye, because they could be a valuable tool one day for your management regimen.
7 The full version of this article will be published in the May 2019 edition of SportsTurf magazine. Thank you to the Minnesota Park and Sports Turf Managers Association, University of Minnesota RecWell, Francesca Principe (University of Minnesota M.S. student in Kinesiology), Diane WieseBjornstal (University of Minnesota Professor and Associate Director in Kinesiology), The Toro Company, and all involved undergraduate and graduate students from the University of Minnesota for their contributions to this project. Contact: Chase Straw, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Research Associate – Turfgrass Science University of Minnesota cstraw@umn.edu
Figure 1. A GPS athlete performance tracking device.
Figure 2. A heat map showing athletes’ time spent in areas on a field during a game. Red areas indicate where athletes spent the most time.
8
Congratulations CPTM
Richard Jay Scher II SSC Service Solutions Grounds Manager- Texas A&M University Bachelors in Applied Science and Arts Automotive Technology
Michael W. Potter Texas A&M AgriLife - Extension Service B.S. Agriculture Science M.S. Plant and Soil Science TDA Non Commercial Pesticide License
Andrew Wimmel Sam Hill Tree Care A.A.S. Turf and Landscape Management International Society of Agriculture Tree Care Industry Association
Collin Bell Tri-Tex Grass From Longview, TX
The Certified Professional Turf Manager (CPTM) designation recognizes a level of achievement in professional turfgrass management in Texas beyond a Bachelor of Science degree or a long tenure in the industry. The CPTM designation is a mark of distinction. Professionals who acquire the CPTM designation benefit the turfgrass industry and themselves through increased self-esteem and respect, increased value and service to their employer and increased competitiveness in the job market. By acquiring the CPTM designation, the professional turf manager sets himself or herself apart from other turf managers.
9 Daniel Sherrod Greener Landscapes, LLC Degree in Finance, Lifelong Resident of Bryan-College Station Started own lawn business in 2009
Elias Medrano SSC Service Solutions - Texas A&M University Born and raised in Bryan-College Station Proud Husband and Father of 4
Jonathan Cavazos ABC Home and Commercial Services B.S. Horticulture - Texas A&M University, 2002 ICPI Certified Installer Member of TNLA ; TCLP
Phillip A. Zellner SSC Servce Solutions Regional Director of Operations– Grounds Mgmt Texas A&M University B.S. Horticulture - Clemson University For applicants to be considered for the CPTM designation and to maintain that designation they must provide documented evidence of turf management skills, participation in continuing education programs and successful employment in the turfgrass industry. Applicants for the CPTM designation are also required to satisfactorily complete a comprehensive written examination. An intensive 4-day training program in preparation for the examination is optional. Please visit our website to learn how you can become a CPTM.
10
Welcome Chrissie Segars
New turfgrass specialist educates on sustainable management, safety Written By: Gabe Saldana DALLAS — The newest state turfgrass specialist for the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service aims to inspire sustainable management of safe sports fields and other turfgrass applications.
Dr. Chrissie Segars’ office is at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas. Her focus is coaching field managers on a system of approaches where primary goals are user safety and healthy turfgrass. Segars’ extension outreach efforts cover aeration, fertilization, irrigation, variety selection, pests, weeds and a wide array of other practices. “It’s so important to educate about how all these disciplines work together to cultivate safe playing surfaces and healthy fields,” she said. Focus on safety Segars cited several field characteristics that determine safety, which are affected by proper management. They include surface hardness and foot traction among others. The South Carolina native, in addition to her outreach initiatives, aims to find solutions that support better sports fields across the socioeconomic spectrum. As such, Segars will conduct research at the nexus of best management practices for turfgrass health and field safety. “My research in Dallas will give me a great opportunity to take the science right to the public and to industry,” she said. “I’m excited to see how this work can improve the field.” Segars holds a bachelor’s degree from Clemson University and masters’ degrees in kinesiology and horticulture from Louisiana State and Oklahoma State universities, respectively. She earned her doctorate in crop science from Oklahoma State. Segars joins Dr. Becky Grubbs as AgriLife Extension’s second turfgrass specialist for Texas. “I’m excited to begin working with all the people involved in the turfgrass industry across the state,” Segars said. “I want to make a strong impact in Texas, keeping turfgrass sustainable, starting with Dallas-Fort Worth.”
Save the 2019 Dates! Winter 2019 Conference December 10th-12th Corpus Christi, TX Omni Hotel and American Bank Center
14
2018 Multi-Purpose Field of the Year 2018 Baseball Field of the Year
Multi-Purpose Field of the Year City of Rockwall Parks and Recreation Leon Tuttle Athletic Complex Submitted by: Travis Sales, MCPTM BACKGROUND The City of Rockwall Parks and Recreation Department is excited to submit Leon Tuttle Athletic Complex for “Baseball Field of the Year”. This will be the first submittal for the City of Rockwall for a sports field of the year award. The complex was under construction in 1984 and was built on native land which is a combination of black land prairie clay, slate and rock. The turf is a combination of Common Bermuda which was the original turf and through renovations over the last 30 years and there is now a blend of 419, Mid-Iron and Tif-Tuf. Concessions and restrooms were added in 1986 and built in-house. The original complex had no lighting and a lighting was installed in 1999 and all fields have lighting now. The original irrigation system which was a hydraulic system and was in full operation until 2000 at which time the Park Division converted the valves only to electric and that is how it operates today. The facility in 2018 (January to July) has hosted 9 tournaments consisting of 1,200 players and 1600 league games consisting of 104 teams. This facility is the only game facility, but the only practice facility in Rockwall Parks and Recreation. This facility has scheduled play on it seven days a week from 8am until 11pm with either practices or games which leaves little to no recovery time. This challenges us to run our turf maintenance programs concurrently with play except for a four week period in December. The first renovations took place in the mid 1990’s by a sports field contractor which included turf and field leveling. Full renovations of all fields took place in November 2017 with Park Staff only, including myself and one athletic field technician. Fields were leveled, 50 tons of clay Diamond Pro Infield Clay was installed, 50 tons of Pro Choice Infield Conditioner was installed, new base anchors, new home plates, new pitching rubbers, new portable pitching mounds, new outfield fence safety cap, and new dayglo painted outfield poles.
2018 Baseball Field of the 14 Year 15 We are also big about supporting our community, as you will see with the various logos and extras we do to support breast cancer, law enforcement and our leagues. At least one day per week is spent by the Superintendent laying and painting logos for the specific games or tournaments being played that week. We were proud to be awarded as a “Pioneer Field of Excellence” field in 2017-2018 and want this to be the first of many awards this facility wins. We operate on a minimal budget with minimal staff, but have exemplary fields in my opinion and strive to be the best. We hope that our submission stands out above the rest
PROGRAM STAFF 1 athletic staff member assigned to site daily to drag and mark fields 1 athletic staff member assists ½ day 1 litter staff member litter patrols and empty’s litter once per day 6 staff member mowing crew fully maintains site on Mondays 2 man mowing crews mow outfields again on Wednesday and Friday
on calendar year) 200 hours – Good fields conditions 400-600 hours - Some localized wear and thinning 600-800 hours – Fair conditions with moderate thinning 1000 hours – Significant thin areas , turf loss, surface/soil structure damage and risk of injury TURFGRASS SPECIES SELECTION
MAINTENANCE The Rockwall Parks and Recreation Turf Management program is designed to produce a healthy, aggressively growing and aesthetically pleasing turfgrass.
ACCEPTABLE TURFGRASS SPECIES BERMUDA TURFGRASS SPECIES Celebration Latitude 36 TifTuf (preferred) Tifway 419
The program will allow for the aggressive recovery to wear and tear, along with water conservation and shade tolerance where needed.
ZOYSIA TURFGRASS SPECIES JaMur Palisades (preferred)
In July 2017, a 90-day wear and shade study was conducted at the Myers Dog Park where wear and shade are at the extreme end of the spectrum. The species being evaluated were Celebration, Latitude 36 and TifTuf. All three species did extremely well in all categories with TifTuf just edging out the other two species in wear and shade tolerance, along with water conservation, wear tolerance and cold tolerance.
ST. AUGUSTINE TURFGRASS SPECIES Floratam TamStar (preferred)
NTEP trials resulting in the 2/4/6/8/10rules) (Hours based
SOD AND SEED TYPE SELECTION ACCEPTABLE SOD TYPES 400 square feet “big roll” sod (40” x 100’ rolls) 450 square feet block sod (18” x 24” palletized)
14 16
Multi-Purpose Field of the Year15 2018 Baseball Field of the Year 2018 2018 Baseball Field of the year Extinguish RIFA Bait application June Aeration 1 direction 2 times during month 21-0-0 fertilizer with 50% SCU application at 1.5# Nitrogen per 1,000 sqft or 325# per acre Primo Max application at 11 ounces per acre July Aeration 1 direction 2 times during month 21-0-0 fertilizer with 50% SCU application at 1.5# Nitrogen per 1,000 sqft or 325# per acre Primo Max application at 11 ounces per acre
ACCEPTABLE SEED SPECIES BERMUDA TURFGRASS Sahara II (Hulled) RYGRASS AND FESCUE Perennial Ryegrass (Futura 3000) Fescue (3 Way Tall Team Fescue) PROPOSED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (CALENDAR) PROPOSED TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR CLASS A TURFGRASS January Aerate 2 directions (Aer-way slit tine with sports/shatter tine) Barricade 65WG application 1# per acre after aeration Dormant Glyphosate application at 16 ounces per acre as needed February Skip aeration Turfgrass rest March Begin watering 1" per week and address hot spots individually as needed with additional water Begin mowing 1.5” (alternating directions weekly) Aerate 1 direction Begin Tribute Total, AS and MSO touch spraying back pack spot spraying only April Aeration 1 direction 20-5-10 fertilizer with 50% SCU application at 1.5# Nitrogen per 1,000 sqft or 325# per acre May Aeration 1 directionTop dress with USGA rounded aggregate sand if funding allows at 1/4" depth and drag in
August Aeration 1 direction September Aeration 1 direction Barricade 65WG application 1# per acre after aeration Tribute Total, AS and MSO application as needed boom sprayer October Skip aeration Tribute Total, AS and MSO application as needed boom sprayer 20-5-10 fertilizer with 50% SCU application at 1.5# Nitrogen per 1,000 sqft or 325# per acre Extinguish RIFA Bait application November Complete watering program Turfgrass rest if possible December Turfgrass rest GENERAL MAINTENANCE PRACTICES MOWING 1.25” to 1.5” mowing height Frequency shall be at least two times per week, three if possible Sharp blades (changed every 4 to 6 weeks to ensure clean cut)
2018 Baseball Field of the 14 Year 17 CULTURAL PRACTICES FERTILIZATION 4# to 6# of Nitrogen per 1,000 square feet is the annual goal Apply fertilizers in April, June, July and October (Ford Tractor with Lely Spreader 4th gear 1800 rpms, setting 6.75 2 directions) (April 20-5-10 fertilizer with 50% SCU application at 1.5# Nitrogen per 1,000 sqft or 325# per acre) (June 21-0-0 fertilizer with 50% SCU application at 1.5# Nitrogen per 1,000 sqft or 325# per acre) (July 21-0-0 fertilizer with 50% SCU application at 1.5# Nitrogen per 1,000 sqft or 325# per acre (October 20-5-10 fertilizer with 50% SCU application at Blades shall be hi-lift mulching blades OEM 1.5# Nitrogen per 1,000 sqft or 325# per acre) Mowing pattern shall alternate each cycle to prevent grain and scalping TOP DRESSING Excessive grass clipping shall be spread and distributed Apply ¼” USGA rounded aggregate golf course sand evenly Drag in with steel mat drag Avoid mowing wet turfgrass, when possible Avoid driving on turf with frost VERTICUTTING Avoid driving on fertilizer application until watered in Verticut to a depth of ¼” past thatch zone two directions Avoid driving on herbicide applications until dry AERATION Toro Pro Core 648 Core aeration March and October Aer-way slit aeration with sports tine monthly April thru September Drag core to pulverize and smooth out for playability Alternate pattern each cycle to move core pattern IRRIGATION Apply 1” of water per week avoiding application on mowing cycle day Apply additional water on areas considered “hot spots” Each zone time should be adjusted to meet needs of that particular zone
SOIL SAMPLES Test soils September of each year to validate fertility program Pull soil samples from at least 10 areas throughout the site and mix the samples thoroughly together to represent the entire site and send to Texas A & M Plant and Soil Sciences for lab testing
BUDGET Athletic marking supplies: $10,000.00 Fertilizer Program: $4,000.00 Pesticide Program: $9,000.00 Renovation supplies such as infield conditioners, clay, infrastructure and amenities $29,000.00 Irrigation /water: $5,000.00 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT HERBIMiscellaneous supplies: $5,000.00 CIDES Pre-emergent shall be applied mid-January and mid- Sep- $62,000.00 Total Budget tember (Barricade 65 WG at 1# per acre) Herbicide application shall be March, September and OcFor more infortober mation on the Texas (Tribute Total @ 3.2 ounces per acre) Turfgrass (Ammonium Sulfate @ 2# per acre) Association Awards (Methylated Seed Oil @ 12.8 ounces per acre) Program, Growth regulators shall be applied in June and July Please Contact (Primo Maxx @ 11 ounces per acre) INSECTICIDES Apply Red Imported Fire Ant baits in May and September (Extinguish @ 1# per acre)
Katie Flowers: info@texasturf.com
18
Feature Article– Drought Tolerance
A biological way to improve drought tolerance in turfgrass Michael Jochum and Young-Ki Jo Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University Drought Problem Global climate change models predict that many states in western and south-central United States may experience increases in the frequency of extreme drought periods (Smit and Pilifosova, 2003). Climate changes influence rainfall patterns, annual snowpack, and the frequency and severity of drought events. Water issues, including irrigation scheduling and efficiency, surface and ground water management, and water quality, are major concerns to urban, agricultural and industrial sectors. Competition for fresh water supply among water users has become more intense and is considered an imminent problem. Demand for freshwater resources has increased steadily over the last 50 years, but the quality of surface and ground water resources available has declined. These changes in water availability and quality driven by human and climate change result in agricultural and urban irrigation restrictions. From a national perspective, turfgrass has been determined to be the largest irrigated crop in the United States (Milesi et al., 2005). In Texas, 88% of the population is concentrated in urban environment and increasing at a rapid rate. Water limitation and competition become chronic issues. It is predicted that population growth will outpace existing water supplies by 2060 (Vaughan et al., 2012). One-half of urban water use is devoted to irrigation of turfgrass, landscapes, and gardening, which largely relies on potable water supplies. As a result, turfgrass and landscape irrigation is the state’s third largest water use, behind only agricultural irrigation and other urban uses (Cabrera et al., 2014). Water scarcity and competition demand better options that can conserve potable water resources. To date, water conservation research efforts within the southern United States have primarily addressed the development and use of native or more drought resistant plant materials, weather or sensor-guided irrigation technologies, deficit irrigation practices, and utilizing of alternative water sources. As a new biological way, we would like to introduce beneficial microbes to remediate drought stress. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, or PGPR, can be a novel and sustainable approach to address the existing challenges for turfgrass and landscapes irrigation. PGPR rapidly and easily colonize plant roots and establish both free-living and intimate associations with plants. Often, these interactions lead to enhancement of plant productivity and mitigation of stress through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms associated with PGPR-derived drought tolerance in grasses include altering root architecture, producing plant hormones that aid in plant responses to stresses, and secreting extracellular polysaccharide that can improve soil water retention.
19 Research results about Benefits of PGPR Our research attempt is to search for beneficial PGPR that improve water use efficiency of plants. A high throughput screening procedure was established to discover and isolate beneficial PGPR. We collected bermudagrass that are naturally growing or cultivated in low maintenance areas from semiarid regions in west Texas. Then, bacteria were isolated from the roots of turfgrass samples (Fig. 1). After screening for desired phenotype of bacteria, beneficial PGPR isolates were found to confer drought tolerance to the plant. When the beneficial PGPR were inoculated on bermudagrass sprigs, there was dramatic improvement of plant growth and plant drought tolerance under water deficit condition (Fig. 2). The finding and application of beneficial PGPR has the great potential to enhance our efforts to develop management options in reducing irrigation and increase water efficiency in turfgrass. We still need more research but prospect the use of PGPR will provide an innovative and environmental-friendly water management strategy without compromising desired quality or functionality of turfgrass in the future. Figure 1. Bacteria isolated from bermudagrass roots. Bacterial colonies show various color and morphology.
Control
PGPR
Figure 2. Comparison of bermudagrass sprigs with or without beneficial bacterium (PGPR 3FC5) under simulated drought condition. References cited: Cabrera, R. I., Wagner, K. L., and Wherley, B. 2014. An evaluation of urban landscape water use in Texas. Texas Water Resources Institute 4:14-27. Milesi, C., Running, S. W., Elvidge, C. D., Dietz, J. B., Tuttle, B. T., and Nemani, R. R. 2005. Mapping and modeling the biogeochemical cycling of turf grasses in the United States. Environ. Manag. 36:426-438. Smit, B., and Pilifosova, O. 2003. From adaptation to adaptive capacity and vulnerability reduction. in: J. B. Smith, R. J. T. Klein, and S. Huq, eds. Climate Change, Adaptive Capacity and Development. London: Imperial College Press. Vaughan, E. G., Crutcher, J. M., Labatt III, T. W., McMahan, L. H., Bradford Jr., B. R., and Cluck, M. 2012. 2012 Water for Texas, Texas Water Development Board, Austin, Texas.
Thomas Turfgrass Gold Sponsor 2019 Press Release
While temperatures are still mild here in Texas, it is good to think about Sprigging. Springs can be a cost– effective alternative to solid sod and a time-saving alternative to seeding. Spingmaster Machines can promote up to 35% faster growing than traditional sprigging. Utilizing this equipment and a recent technique developed by Texas A&M University, spots field managers named “no till sprigging”. Playable surface areas can be quickly and efficiently created.
Kyle Field– No Till Sprigging– April 2018
Established Latitude 36 Sprigs– October 2018
If you would like more information on these or other services contact:
Washed Sod
Thomas Turfgrass 877-220-9194 www.thomasturfgras.com
“There is not a sprig of grass that shoots uninteresting to me– Thomas Jefferson
George Ranch Sprigging
CLICK AD!