BY CONNOR TABARROK kimley-horn
Since before the first agriculturalists, civilization has depended upon water for life. Hunter-gatherer tribes were bounded by where they could find and follow this precious resource, and developed canteens and water flasks to serve as a buffer for when a source was not readily available. These items were often valued more highly than a hunter's spear, and were often passed down through multiple generations of a tribe.
The first cities, too, were dependent on water. Often brought up as the first ever city, Çatalhöyük in modern
day Turkey, was built along the Çarşamba River, and the people there had a semi-agricultural diet (supplemented by hunting) that may have benefitted from the alluvial clay deposits in the area.
The dependence of farmers upon the ebbs and flows of seasonal rivers would continue on for many centuries, in the lands of Mesopotamia (which translates to "the land between the two rivers," referencing the Tigris and Euphrates rivers running through present-day Syria, Turkey and Iraq) and those of Egypt. Eventually, civilizations would come to build levees to protect their villages from the seasonal floods, and dig wells when the rivers ran dry.
All of us are probably familiar with the storied aqueducts of ancient Rome, but the history of water infrastructure is a diverse and colorful tapestry, stretching from monumental projects such as the Grand Canal in China to the waterways that crisscrossed the alluvial plains of ancient Sumeria and Egypt. In this piece, I’d like to highlight some of the earliest means and methods that made these wonders possible. Hopefully, some of these will inspire readers and water professionals to take new perspectives on contemporary projects.
As much as 3,000 years ago, ancient peoples in present day Iran dug qanats, allowing them to access and transport water from mountains and other places with a higher water table than the valleys they inhabited. These are similar to spring fed tunnels with the distinction that the qanat creates the mother well, which serves as an artificial spring, whereas the spring fed tunnels such as those found in Israel started with naturally occurring springs. Both of these pieces of infrastructure allowed ancient peoples to irrigate their
Texas Section
American Water Works Association
P.O. Box 80150 Austin, Texas 78708 www.tawwa.org
Drew Molly, Chair 361-826-1853
Amy Middleton, Chair-Elect 210-510-0888
Karen Menard, Vice-Chair 214-670-5887
Melissa Bryant, Imm. Past Chair 210-302-3611
Mike Howe
Executive Director/Secretary-Treasurer 512-238-9292 Fax: 512-238-0496 mikehowe@tawwa.org
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One year ago, my slogan was "2022 – We’ll See it Through!" I think we’ve seen it through for sure, and I hope you had a healthy and prosperous year!
As we reflect on the past year, probably one of the most significant near misses for our industry was the national rail strike that started in September, seemed to be resolved after the Biden Administration helped negotiate a deal, only to re-emerge as a major crisis in midNovember until congressional involvement forced a settlement in early December. Strangely, it was probably one of the only bipartisan bills approved by Congress all year.
361-826-1853 drewm@cctexas.com
A big thank you goes to Kevin Morley (AWWA – Manager Federal Relation) and Tommy Holmes (AWWA – Legislative Director) – our AWWA gurus in Washington, D.C. who worked collaboratively to draft letters to congress outlining the serious issues this crisis would cause to our industry if not resolved. This is another example of how our AWWA association works behind the scenes to support all of us in our important and critical mission of providing safe drinking water to our customers.
While certain changes are welcome, one change that hasn’t occurred to the degree we expected is a significant improvement to the economy. While gas prices have decreased by 40% since peaking in June, it’s clear that record high inflation, supply chain issues and a tight labor market continue to plague the economy despite the Federal Reserve’s six straight interest rates hikes with a seventh-rate hike likely in the next couple weeks. Amazingly, we are not in a recession, and let’s hope we continue to skirt one.
In terms of what has changed, look around your office complex and ask yourself how many new faces do you see across your organization? Through my lens, it sure seems like there is a lot of movement in our industry with many seasoned veterans deciding to make moves to new positions. With these changes comes exhilarating opportunities not just for the person leaving but also for the existing team who now has a
PAGE 31 | letter from the texas section chair
DREW MOLLY
Achieving sustainable and resilient solutions for safe water and water resources across Texas
Scan the QR code to learn more:
This is a question that many of our members are asking. And some are asking who is SETH?
If you follow the Texas Section AWWA on any of our social media platforms you have seen the link, "SETH Is Coming."
If you have followed the link to our website (www. tawwa.org/page/SETH), you can find some brief information about the SETH Project. However, if you haven’t read about SETH or are one of the many wondering if we lost SETH somewhere, here are the "deets."
First, SETH is not a who, but a what SETH is the Texas Section AWWA Science, Engineering, Technology and Health (SETH) training project targeting high school students to move smoothly from graduation into the water workforce.
When launched in 2023, SETH will allow students to complete the TEEX Basic Water training course to satisfactorily pass the TCEQ test to become a Class D Certified Water Operator. Uniquely, TCEQ has agreed that students who complete the SETH training before they reach age 18 WILL be able to take the TCEQ Class D test, and, if successful, be able to receive their TCEQ Class D license when they reach the age of 18.
Utilizing funding provided by the Texas Department of Agriculture and TAWWA funds, and with a unique licensing agreement with Texas A&M Engineering Extension Service (TEEX), we have embarked on developing training videos utilizing the industry standard for water operator training, the TEEX Basic Water training program.
An Important Milestone Utilizing a diverse group of TCEQ accredited and approved instructors from across the state, I am excited to announce that we have completed the basic
recording of all nine of the TEEX Basic Water Training chapters. We are now in what the video industry calls "postproduction," adding illustrative videos, animations, images and details to support the core training content to ensure when students complete the SETH training, they will be ready to report to work
As we finish each video, we will have the TCEQ provide a final review of each module. While that process is ongoing, we will be adding content and information to our SETH Learning Management System to be the "bridge" between the students, the high school proctors, Texas AWWA and the TCEQ. One of the key elements of the SETH Project is the trainings are self-contained so high school proctors don’t need to know about water treatment. Plus, the training is provided at no cost to the students and no cost to the school districts.
The support for the SETH project is very strong, including a grant from the Texas Department of Agriculture that allowed us to move the project ahead at lightning speed. And, if all goes well, a second round of funding may come our way soon.
The Texas Education Agency Career Technology Education (CTE) Programs of Study already includes the Class D Water Operator Certification in the TEA approved list of Industry Based Certifications for Public School Accountability, so adding SETH to high school programs should have a smooth pathway.
In addition, members of our SETH project team and
MIKE HOWE 512-238-9292 mikehowe@tawwa.org CONTINUED PAGE 34 | executive director report
What do you think are the biggest water challenges and boldest water solutions for our community? El Paso Water convened more than 40 community leaders to discuss these questions at a workshop hosted by non-profit 50L Home and Cummins Water Works.
Created by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 50L Home is an international non-profit that aims to partner with companies to find urban water solutions. Founded in 2021, Cummins Water Works engages with partners to identify and in-
vest in sustainable, high-impact water projects around the world.
Because Cummins Inc. has more about 2,500 employees in the El Paso/Juarez area, Cummins Water Works has identified the region to invest in water solutions at the intersection of new technology and employee-community engagement.
"We brought together leaders from government, business, academia and the non-profit sector to engage in facilitated conversations around regional
The Young Professionals of the Capital Area Chapter TAWWA joined forces with the Texas State University Chapter and the WEAT Central Texas Section for the 2nd Annual Monster Trash Bash kayak clean-up on Ladybird Lake.
The weather was absolutely perfect on the shores of the Rowing Dock venue on the morning of Saturday, October 29. Eleven pairs of volunteers kayaked up and down Ladybird Lake for two hours to collect a total of 216.43 lbs of trash.
TRC Companies, Inc sponsored this year’s event, which began with a breakfast of Halloween-decorated doughnuts, hot coffee and delicious breakfast tacos.
Trash can trophies and gift card prizes were awarded for the largest volume of trash (the winning team collected 30.5 lbs) and for first, second and third place in the costume contest (boba milk tea, moth and railroad man with lamp, and Shaggy from Scooby Doo, respectively).
AWWA's Water Quality Technology Conference (WQTC) was held Nov. 13-17 at the Duke Energy Convention Center in Cincinnati. WQTC provides an opportunity for water technology professionals to exchange the latest research and information
The conference held student poster and podium competitions throughout the week and the Texas Section would like to congratulate one of it's members, Benjamin Fennell of Texas A&M University, for winning the WQTC Student Podium Competition for his presentation on "Evaluating Source Water Impact on the UV-Advanced Reduction Process Treatment of PFAS."
Save the date for next year's Water Quality Technology Conference, which will be held Nov. 5-9, 2023 in Dallas.
Direct potable reuse uses proven technologies to produce water that exceeds drinking water regulations, but presents new challenges to facility operators.
Working with the only operating DPR facilities in the country, we've gained unique insight into how to put operators in a position to succeed and protect the health of our community.
If you’re trusted to protect public health and the environment, we can help.
An aging water main snapped in Odessa. Drought conditions decimated groundwater supplies to the town of Concan. Millions of Texans lived without water for days when complications from Winter Storm Uri left household taps dry. While Oct. 20 marked the eighth annual Imagine a Day Without Water, too many Texans have already been forced to endure this reality.
A toxic mix of drought, extreme weather and failing infrastructure has drained water supplies and inflicted financial damage. Severe drought in a hotter-thannormal summer cost farmers and ranchers over $2 billion in economic losses.
Texans are worried about their water supplies and the condition of their water infrastructure.
Recent polling by Texas 2036 — a nonpartisan policy think tank — found that nearly nine-out-of-ten Texas voters are concerned about their community’s access to water during a drought. In turn, 82% agree that the state should increase investments that expand our water supply portfolio to include new reservoirs, desalination plants and water conservation strategies.
But Texans’ water worries go beyond the need for water supplies in a drought-prone state. After stories of catastrophic water system failures in Odessa, Laredo
CONTINUED PAGE 24 | access to water
Sitting closer to San Diego than Houston by 24 miles, El Paso is a geographical island in Texas. So, when it comes to providing their community water, El Paso has to find their own methods, and the innovative steps they’ve taken regarding reuse come from necessity not recognition.
Spear heading that drive is Gilbert Trejo, Chief Operations Officer – Production and Treatment, overseeing eight treatment plants and 155 wells. Born and raised in El Paso, Gilbert grew up a mile from the Rio Grande, seeing the river flow and witnessing the relationship El Paso has with water. From that, a passion for water grew, and he began a career of exploring the industry and learning from other leading experts.
One such individual was Garver’s Randy McIntyre, whom he met while working as a consultant. Gilbert learned from Randy what it takes to execute a project successfully, but more importantly, how to treat
fellow engineers and clients. Because those relationships are key to project success, perhaps more so than the technical details.
So, when Gilbert arrived at El Paso Water Utilities, he brought with him the foundation of building strong relationships of respect and trust. Through that trust, Gilbert collaborated across departments to continue to build on the established conservation program, based on reuse strategies he helped develop as a consultant for El Paso, that included enhanced aquifer storage and potable reuse.
“We receive 100 MGD in wastewater flows back to us every day. Why not use that water, treat it, and send it back out? That water supply has always been there flowing back to us. We don’t have to find it,” said Gilbert.
El Paso’s navigation of regulations and stakeholder engagement has set the precedent for how municipalities
can scale, plan, and implement reuse strategies. Communication has been key, both with the community and with consultants, such as Mike Watts, Garver’s Water Reuse Practice Leader. Mike and Gilbert pair well together; Mike handles the gritty details of reuse technology, and Gilbert does all the policy and planning. Together, they develop the right solutions and policies for El Paso that keep them on the forward-thinking path of reuse implementation.
Garver is also assisting with evaluating reclaimed systems for the west side of El Paso, replenishing their aquifer with the Fred Hervey Water Reclamation Facility, and converting existing Wastewater treatment plants into advanced purification. Gilbert knows that there is more than one solution to all their challenges, but for the future of El Paso, it’s all things reuse.
How El Paso Water Utilities is setting the precedent for implementing potable reuse.
Gilbert’s innovative leadership will leave a lasting legacy on water supplies in West Texas and beyond.
Mike Watts, Ph.D., PE | Water Reuse Practice LeaderGilbert Trejo, Chief Operations Officer - Production and Treatment, El Paso Water Utilities
Officer for Production and Treatment Gilbert Trejo highlighted innovative water supply projects already underway. Projects include an expansion of the Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant, a project to dramatically increase aquifer recharge and the construction of the Advanced Water Purification Facility, which would be the first of its kind in the nation.
"We’re doing a lot in terms of implementing sustainability strategies and investing in technologies that will help ensure water security well into the future," Trejo said.
El Paso County Water Improvement District #1 shared initiatives underway to conserve river water delivered to farmers and highlighted new projects needed to make further progress. El Paso Electric highlighted the major water-use reductions planned with the Newman 6 power station. UTEP engineering Professor Ivonne Santiago highlighted the challenges of colonias outside of El Paso still lacking access to basic water and wastewater services.
Stakeholders were eager to roll up their sleeves and put ideas to paper.
"It’s important to hear the lessons that the City of El Paso and El Paso Water have learned and implemented for decades and really think about how together we contribute to long-term water security," said Braulio Morera, Director of the 50L Home Coalition.
"El Paso has a great record of conservation, but we need to keep making progress," Rosendorf said. "We have a target to reduce our per capita consumption from 134 to 115 gallons per person per day."
Cummins will consider solutions presented at the workshop and determine which best fit their objectives for investment.
"Cummins values making a difference in our communities," said Viviana Rodriguez, Corporate Responsibility Leader for Cummins. "We’re not experts in water, but we think we’re a part of the solution."
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 14 | access to water
and even Jackson, Mississippi, concern grew around our aging, deteriorating water infrastructure. In fact, our Texas Voter Poll found that 84% of voters support the Legislature’s creation of a new fund to fix our broken-down water systems.
Astonishingly, as drought gripped Texas throughout the year, more Texans support fixing our failing infrastructure than building new water supplies. Texans are correct about this investment priority.
The American Society of Civil Engineers awarded our drinking water infrastructure with the lackluster grade of a C- due to aging systems, leaks and neglect. Our wastewater infrastructure rates poorly with a D. Other surveys conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reveal that billions are needed over the next decades to refurbish our dilapidated water systems.
Here’s where Imagine a Day Without Water comes in. This national day of action brings together
communities and policymakers to advance greater and more equitable water investments. Given the need — and voters' interest — to fix known problems with our infrastructure, the Texas Legislature has an opportunity to act when it meets next year.
Thanks to record high sales tax and oil and gas tax revenues, lawmakers will have a projected $27 billion budget revenue surplus. Polling data shows that while voters favor spending this windfall on education, tax relief and the electric grid, they also support investments in water.
Texas voters have already approved a fund for building more water supplies. We can build on this forward-thinking investment strategy by establishing and capitalizing a new fund dedicated to fixing our aging, deteriorating and leaking infrastructure. This fund should be aligned with smart policies oriented towards identifying water systems that are failing or at-risk of failing, forging better outreach to areas with water problems, and structuring regional solutions where communities work together.
Texans have learned hard lessons about what a day without water can be like. It’s a desperate, dirty, miserable experience that ruins economic prosperity and community vitality. As specters of drought and failing infrastructure continue to haunt our state, the opportunity exists during the next legislative session to implement meaningful changes for the betterment of all.
Here at American Water Works Association, we know the countless hours of hard work and expertise it takes to keep water—the world’s most important resource—safe and clean.
We thank our members for their dedication and celebrate all they have accomplished in the water community this year. Thanks to our members, we can build a better world through better water.
We appreciate your continued support of AWWA.
Enjoy 20% off products in the AWWA store through December 31, 2022. Use promo code THANKYOU at checkout.*
*Exclusions may apply.
fields without depending on seasonal rains or snow melts. Eventually though, our ambitions to channel water grew beyond even the ability to draw it from the mountains. What if we wanted to move water against the flow of gravity? A few solutions cropped up over the centuries. Of course, you had your typical wells with buckets on ropes, but important improvements were made to this system, including ways of harnessing animal power, such as the Cerd, in which an oxen is driven down a slope, pulling the rope of the bucket-well behind it.
Also notable was the Persian well, in which oxen or slaves would turn a large wheel, whose gears would eventually serve to rotate a belt of buckets or pots into and out of the well, which would empty at the top into a basin or channel.
In Hellenistic Egypt, a new type of pump was developed to move water over the low lying irrigation ditches that supplied the fields along the Nile with water. Known today as Archimedes’ Screw, (even though the device existed long before the man it was named after lived), this pump is incredibly useful, and takes advantage of water’s tendency to flow to the lowest local point by chaining together a series of low points in a spiral, which, when spun, causes the water to flow progressively up the compartments of the screw, eventually discharging at the top.
These types of pumps are still used today for drainage purposes, as they can move large amounts of water with low head. Some of the most notable examples are in the Netherlands, where the rotational energy from windmills is used to power similar pumps to drain polder fields.
The next device is one of my favorites. The tympanum is a water wheel that not only produces mechanical energy as the rotation of its shaft, but also lifts water to higher elevations. The tympanum dates back to the Roman Empire, where it was used
to feed water from rivers and streams into aqueducts and cisterns. It was usually used to move water that was already running, so that it rotated without any outside energy input, but it can also be turned by man or animal power if the water is coming from a still source, such as a lake or pond.
The tympanum is, at its heart, a water wheel with the paddles fully enclosed between two planes, and a hollow shaft at the middle that allows water to flow through it. As the water flows past the wheel, and the wheel turns, the curved paddles "scoop" the water out and raise it by means of rotation. Once the compartment is above the central shaft, the water then flows towards the lowest point, which is the hollow shaft, and out to whatever pipe or storage awaits it.
Some limitations of the tympanum are that it can only raise water to an elevation just under half its total diameter, requires a running water source to power it, and cannot capture all the flow of its source water unless it is powered by means other than flow. The tympanum was used by the Romans to fill their aqueducts, and could be arranged in series such that it could drain extremely deep mines upon their flooding. This was used both in Roman Spain and in Wales, and preserved models have been recovered from the mine's depths.
Similar to the tympanum, but thought to have originated as early as the 5th century BC in India, is the Noria wheel. The word "noria" comes from the Arabic term Na-urah meaning "the first water machine." It was the earliest mechanical device propelled by means other than man or animal. The Noria wheel is a sort of fusion between the tympanum and the bucket chain, and had the advantage of being able to raise water much higher relative to its diameter as compared to the tympanum. The mechanical energy of the shafts rotation could also be more easily harnessed to grind grain because unlike the tympanum, it was not hollow.
Most Norias used buckets to hold water as the wheel rotated, which were tipped over by a rod at the wheel’s apogee. Other versions existed from Syria to China, using pots or hollow bamboo shafts, but all worked on the same principle, and are thought to have diffused to China from India by the second century A.D.
The first force pump is thought to have originated in ancient Hellenistic Egypt and was contemporary to Philo of Alexandria who authored Manuscripts of Pneumatica, dating it to somewhere around 25 B.C.
Here at American Water Works Association, we know the countless hours of hard work and expertise it takes to keep water—the world’s most important resource—safe and clean.
We thank our members for their dedication and celebrate all they have accomplished in the water community this year. Thanks to our members, we can build a better world through better water. We appreciate your continued support of AWWA. Enjoy 20% off products in the AWWA store through December 31. Use promo code THANKYOU at checkout.*
*Exclusions may apply.
chance to promote different talent with different perspectives to new leadership roles.
At this time last year, we were three months out from our Texas Water Conference in San Antonio—and crossing our fingers that our first in-person conference since 2019 would be successful. Not only was it successful, but it broke virtually every record for a Texas Water Conference based on attendance, the number of technical presentations, exhibitor booths and sponsorships.
Our 2023 Texas Water Planning team is working hard to deliver another incredible conference, led by TAWWA’s Venus Price, (Interim Director of Drinking Water – City of Houston), and Liz Fazio-Hale (General Manager at Gulf Coast Authority). Houston will be the host city; only the third time this has occurred in the Texas Water history.
So, while 2022 is coming to a close, I want to take a few seconds to tell you—keep up the great work, I’m proud to be a part of this team!
Justin Adkins Seguin, TX
Kevin Alexander Houston, TX
Madhuri Arjun Arlington, TX
John Baker San Antonio, TX
Jack Balentine Commerce, TX
Norberto Barragan College Station, TX
Douglas Bell Austin, TX
Samuel Blackmon College Station, TX
Carols Bolanos Irving, TX
Kamaya Bonds Pflugerville, TX
Melissa Brewer Fort Worth, TX
Lily Bui Austin, TX
Kevin Cancino Uhland, TX
Mario Cantu Allen, TX
Sandip Chatterjee Houston, TX
Kayleen Chee Austin, TX
Tate Coker San Antonio, TX
Adriana Contreras Houston, TX
Joe Cruz El Paso, TX
Helen Dulac Wylie, TX
Jennifer Edwards Ransom Canyon, TX
Jessica Emmett Sellers Waco, TX
Andrew Garcia Pasadena, TX
David Garcia Princeton, TX
Lexlie Garcia Dallas, TX
Jack Gardiner Houston, TX
Margaret Gillentine Houston, TX
Aaron Gordon Dallas, TX
Paul Gray El Paso, TX
Carl Greene Houston, TX
John Hale Arlington, TX
Shawnte Haywood Houston, TX
John Herron Richardson, TX
Jennifer Hess Conroe, TX
Dan Hirsh Cypress, TX
Corey Hoff El Paso, TX
Jerry Holloway Angleton, TX
George Irvine Austin, TX
Behnaz Jalili Jalalieh Austin, TX
Lee Jenkins Houston, TX
Tye Jordan Manchaca, TX
Jonathan Kerr Irving, TX
Brandon Laird Fort Worth, TX
Kenny Lester Irving, TX
David Loveless Fort Worth, TX
Joseph Lunn Harlingen, TX
Marc Lyons Houston, TX
Moises Macias El Paso, TX
James Magiera Georgetown, TX
Colton Marino Freeport, TX
J. Masek Houston, TX
Greg McGill Houston, TX
Sydney McKean San Marcos, TX
Michaela McKenzie Spring, TX
Nick McKnight Cypress, TX
Raymond Miller Thorndale, TX
Maddie Minnaganti Austin, TX
Virginia Montier-Burke College Station, TX
Carson Moravetz Houston, TX
Jessica Munoz Round Rock, TX
Christopher Munson Houston, TX
Larry Packard Houston, TX
Jonathan Palmer Fort Worth, TX
Anand Patel Austin, TX
Misty Perkins Thornton, TX
Roger Pruski San Antonio, TX
Lenola Risher Houston, TX
Javier Rodriguez Houston, TX
Austin Schexnaider Houston, TX
Hannah Schumacher San Antonio, TX
Glenn Schuster Dallas, TX
Alok Shah Houston, TX
Tracy Staats Dallas, TX
Jacey Stewart Georgetown, TX
Laura Stringfellow Cedar Hill, TX
Trapper Sturgeon Georgetown, TX
Connor Tabarrok Austin, TX
Mallory Tallas Georgetown, TX Dacy Thomas Bastrop, TX
Alexandra Thompson Sugar Land, TX
Sarah Tomlinson Granbury, TX
Marco Trujillo El Paso, TX
Tommy Turner Weatherford, TX
Tamara Vaughn Fort Worth, TX
Kaylee Waldo Lewisville, TX
Siena Werner Lakeway, TX
Asciatu Whiteside Dallas, TX
Robbie Wilson Richardson, TX
Raymon Yarbrough Allen, TX
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CONTINUED FROM PAGE 6 | executive director report
volunteers have attended various education conferences around the state where they meet with educators. This allows us to grow our list of educators and school districts who are interested in the program.
We also have local utilities helping us spread the word in their local communities where they contact their local high school leadership to help us position SETH locally. As we approach launching SETH from multiple directions, we know we are on track to pilot and then launch SETH in 2023, again at no cost to students or school districts.
If you want to keep up with the progress of the SETH project and/or become part of our local teams of volunteers to help us connect with school districts and utilities, please go to our website at https://www. tawwa.org/page/SETH and fill out the simple form.
It’s easy for you to become part of the most unique workforce solution for our water community.
You can be part of the SETH Project. It’s time to get on board because,
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