ch_03_apply_it_mt_at_work
PRIMARY TERMS IN SCENARIO
osteoporotic hip fracture (oss-tee-oh-poh-ROH-tik)
osteoporosis (oss-tee-oh-poh-ROH-sis)
spondylosis (spon-dih-LOH-sis) vertebrae (VER-teh-bray)
compression fracture
QUESTIONS FOR PRIMARY TERMS:
1. Which of the following is usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis?
a. osteoporotic hip fracture
b. rickets
c. scoliosis
d. osteitis
Analysis:
a. Correct. An osteoporotic hip fracture, also known as a broken hip, is usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall.
b. Incorrect. Rickets is abnormal softening of bones. This condition is characterized by defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D.
c. Incorrect. Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.
d. Incorrect. Osteitis is an inflammation of a bone.
2. Which of the following is a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function?
a. spondylosis
b. subluxation
c. hemarthrosis
d. bursitis
Analysis:
a. Correct. Spondylosis is also known as spinal osteoarthritis. This degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.
b. Incorrect. Subluxation is the partial displacement of a bone from its joint.
c. Incorrect. Hemarthrosis is blood within a joint.
d. Incorrect. Bursitis is an inflammation of a bursa.
3. Which of the following conditions marks the loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging?
a. osteoporosis
b. periostitis
c. polymyalgia rheumatica
d. osteopenia
Analysis:
a. Correct. Osteoporosis is the loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging.
b. Incorrect. Periostitis is an inflammation of the periosteum.
c. Incorrect. Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs.
d. Incorrect. Osteopenia is thinner-than-average bone density. This term is used to describe the condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis but has a greater-than-average chance of developing it.
4. Which of the following disorders involves the vertebrae?
a. spondylolisthesis
b. osteomyelitis
c. arthrodesis
d. osteotomy
Analysis:
a. Correct. Spondylolisthesis is the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae or sacrum below it.
b. Incorrect. The bacterial infection that causes osteomyelitis often originates in another part of the body and spreads to the bone via the bloodstream.
c. Incorrect. Arthrodesis is the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.
d. Incorrect. Osteotomy is the surgical cutting and reshaping of a bone.
5. Which of the following utilizes percutaneous vertebroplasty as a treatment option?
a. compression fracture
b. open fracture
c. stress fracture
d. buckle fracture
Analysis:
a. Correct. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures. In this minimally invasive procedure, bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column.
b. Incorrect. An open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, is one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin.
c. Incorrect. A stress fracture, which is an overuse injury, is a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact.
d. Incorrect. In a buckle fracture, also called a torus fracture, the affected side of the bone is compressed and buckles but does not break.