Test Bank
Chapter 2: The Nature of Science
Multiple Choice Case
1. (knowledge)Inthe1800s,awomanmightprefertogivebirthathomeorwith thehelpofmidwivesbecause
a. Therewerenorealmedicalschoolsyet,sonowell-traineddoctors.
b.Iismorecomfortableathome.
c. Hospitalsanddoctorssomehowincreasedriskofchildbedfever
d. Childbedfeverwaseasiertotreatawayfromotherpatients.
e. Babiesinhospitalsweremuchlesslikelytodieofchildbedfever
2. (knowledge) Whydidwomenfearchildbedfeversomuchinthe1840s?
a. Atthattimetheydidn’tknowanybetter.
b. Atthattime,itkilled1ofevery10womenwhodeliveredbabieswith doctors.
c. Atthattime,babiesweremuchmorepronetogettingtheillness.
d. Atthattime,thatillnesswasmuchmorelikelytoactuallykillababythat gotit.
e. Atthattime,everywomandeliveringababyinahospitalgotchildbed fever.
2.1
3. (knowledge) WhowasDr.Semmelweiss?
a. Thedoctorwhodiscoveredthatgermscauseillness.
b. Thedoctorwhofiguredoutacureforchildbedfever.
c. Thedoctorwhodiscoveredhowtoreducefevers
d. Thedoctorwhodiscoveredhowtopreventchildbedfeverinchildren.
e.Thedoctorwhofiguredouthowtopreventchildbedfever.
4. (knowledge)WhatdatadidDr.Semmelweisscollectinitiallyinhisinvestigation ofchildbedfever?
a. Hecomparedmaternaldeathratesfromchildbedfeverinthedoctor’s divisionofthehospitalwiththoseofthemidwife’sdivision.
b. Heinterviewedwomenabouttheirexperiencegivingbirthinthehospital
c.Hetestedmaternalbloodforbacterialinfection.
d. Hetestedsurgicaltoolsandglovesforbacterialinfection.
e. Hecomparedbirthratesinthedoctor’sdivisionofthehospitalwiththose ofthemidwife’sdivision
5. (knowledge) WhydidDr.Semmelweissthinkthatthatimprovedventilationat thehospitalmighthelpdecreaseincidenceofchildbedfever?
a. Everyonedoesbetterinfreshair.
b. Increasedoxygenlevelstendtodecreaseincidenceofinfectioningeneral
c. Miasma,atypeofflyknowntotransmitdisease,areattractedtobadodors andbetterventilationmighteliminatethose
d. Improvedventilationwouldmorequicklyremovemiasma,ortoxicvapors thoughttobeexhaledbysickpeople
e. Diseaseswerethoughttobetransmittedbymiasma,orsweat,so improvedventilationmightcoolpatients,minimizingsweating.
6.(knowledge) WhydidDr.Semmelweisthinkthatthedoctorsormedicalstudents mightbeatfaultincausingchildbedfever?
a. Womentreatedbythemweremostlikelytocontractthedisease.
b. Midwiveswerebettertrainedthanthemedicalstudents.
c. Doctorsandmedicalstudentsweremenwhocouldn’tpossiblyhelpwith childbirtheffectively.
d. Medicalstudentsanddoctorswereprettyroughonthewomen.
e. Hewasjustguessing.
7. (knowledge) HowdidDr.Semmelweisdeterminethatchildbedfeverwas actuallycausedbyagermormicroorganism?
a. Processofelimination. Heexperimentedwitheveryotherpossibilityand thatwasallthatwasleftthatworkedasanexplanation.
b. Heaccidentlystabbedawomanwithascalpelduringchildbirth,andshe endedupdyingofchildbedfever.
c. Heidentifiedthebacteriainabloodsamplefromawomanwhohaddied ofchildbedfever.
d. Amidwifewhohadsomehowfigureditoutpointedhimintheright direction.
e. Acolleagueaccidentlystabbedhimselfwithascalpelduringtheautopsyof awomanwho’ddiedofchildbedfever,andhesubsequentlydiedofthefever
8. (knowledge) WhatproceduredidDr.Semmelweisorderinthehospitalthatled toanimmediatereductionincasesofchildbedfever?
a. Onlymidwiveswereallowedtoassistinlaboranddelivery.
b. Onlymidwiveswereallowedtoperformautopsies
c. Doctorsdiddeliveriesinthemorning,beforetheautopsiesinthe afternoon
d. Everyonewasrequiredtoscrubtheirhandswithbleachpriortoassisting withadelivery
e. Everyonewasrequiredtoscrubtheirhandswithbleachpriortoassisting withanautopsy. 2.2
9. (knowledge) Whichsequenceismosttypicalinthescientificmethod?
a. Hypothesize,predict,test,observe,evaluateresults
b. Observe,hypothesize,predict,test,evaluateresults
c. Hypothesize,predict,evaluateresults,observe
d. Observe,predict,hypothesize,test,evaluateresults
e. Observe,test,hypothesize,predict,evaluateresults
10. (comprehension)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDr.Semmelweis’s conclusivetestofhishypothesisaboutwhatcausedchildbedfever?
a. Ifgermscausechildbedfever,thengettingaccidentlynickedwithascalpel fromachildbedfeverautopsywillleadtodeathbychildbedfever.
b. Ifroughhandlingofpatientsbydoctorsresultsinchildbedfever,thenless handlingshouldreducetheincidenceofthefever.
c. Betterventilationwilldecreaseincidenceofchildbedfever.
d. Justallowingmidwivestoworkwithpatientswilldecreasetheincidence ofchildbedfever.
e. Ifgermscausechildbedfever,havingmedicalpersonnelscrubtheirhands withbleachpriortoworkingwithpatientsshoulddecreasetheincidenceof thefever.
11 (comprehension) Ifyouweregoingtostudytheeffectsofacertainfertilizeron plantgrowth,whichlistofvariableswouldyoumostlikelywanttocontrol(keep constant)?
a. Planttype,soiltype
b. Planttype,soiltype,water,light
c. Planttypeandfertilizer
d. Fertilizer,soiltype,water,light
e. Fertilizer,soiltype,water,planttype
12. (comprehension) Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemosteffective experimentaldesignforanexperimentmeasuringtheeffectofaparticularfertilizer onplantgrowth?
a. Treatoneplantwiththerecommendeddoseoffertilizerandmeasureits growthovertime.
b. Treatoneplantwiththerecommendeddoseoffertilizerandmeasureits growthovertimecomparedtothesametypeofplantwithoutfertilizer.
c. Asin“b,”buttreatseveralofthesametypeofplantswithfertilizerand withoutandmeasuretheirgrowthratesovertime.
d. Setupseveraldifferenttypesofplantsandapplyseveraldifferenttypesof fertilizerandmeasuregrowthratesovertime.
e. Asin“d,”butalsomeasurethesametypesofplantsgrownwithout fertilizer.
13. (comprehension) Inyourexperimentin#9,iftheplant(s)treatedwithfertilizer grewfaster,wouldthatproveplantsgrowfasterwithfertilizer?
a. Yes. Clearlythatisthecase.
b. No. Itwouldsupportthehypothesisforthatoneplanttype.
c. Yes. Butyouwouldhavetothentestwhetherthatistrueforotherplants.
d. No. There’snowaytoknowifthefertilizerwasmakingthedifference.
e. Yes. Obviouslyeveryoneshouldusefertilizerswhentheygrowthisone typeofplant.
14 (comprehension) WhichofthefollowingwouldagoodscientistNOTdo?
a.Collectonlydatathatsupporthisorheridea.
b. Trytoansweraspecificquestion
c. Trytodeterminehowacertainprocessworks.
d. Investigatesomethingheorsheisjustcuriousabout.
e. Trytosolveaparticularproblem
15. (comprehension) HowdidCharlesDarwin’soriginalhypothesisthatorganisms evolvedbynaturalselectionbecomeanimportantscientifictheory?
a. Hewroteabookaboutitanditwasmarketedwell,sothepublicbought intoit.
b. Hewasafamousscientistandsowasrespectedenoughbyhiscolleagues thattheybelievedwhathesaidandacceptedit.
c. Heandotherscientistsinmanyfieldsofsciencehavetesteditoverand overagainandit’sneverbeendisproved,onlysupportedbytheevidence they’vefound.
d. Itcan’treallybetestedbutitjustmakessense
e. Goodtimingandluck. Peoplewereseekinganexplanationforthe diversityoflifeonEarthandDarwinhappenedtoprovideonethatseemed reasonable.
16. (knowledge) Whyisitimportanttorepeatexperimentsortesthypothesesin differentways?
a. Becausemorepeoplewillbelievethework
b. Becausemoregrantfundingwillbesent
c. Tomakesurethepredictionsholdupinmultiplesituations
d. Becauseaslongasthereisenoughdatacollected,resultscanbepublished.
e. Becausethat’swhatsciencestudentsspendtheirtimedoinginorderto learn.
17. (comprehension) Whatisthedifferencebetweena“theory”asthewordis commonlyused,andascientifictheory?
a. Aneverydaytheorycanbewrongandascientifictheoryneveris.
b. Aneverydaytheoryisaguessandascientifictheoryhasbeenrepeatedly tested
c. Aneverydaytheoryisanideaandascientifictheoryisafact.
d. Aneverydaytheoryisafact,andascientifictheoryisanidea.
e. Theyarethesamething.
2.3
18. (comprehension)Thefollowingstatementisnotsciencebecausewhichofthe fourscientificassumptionsisviolated? Ifpeoplediesuddendeaths,theirghosts haunttheareawheretheydiedbecausetheycan’trestinpeace.
a. Causeandeffect
b. Consistency
c. Repeatability
d. Materialism
19. (comprehension)Whichofthefollowingassumptionsofscienceisillustratedby thisstatement: Bacterialinfectionsbecamemuchlessofaproblemwhendoctors beganroutinelypracticinggoodhygiene.
a. Causeandeffect
b. Consistency
c. Repeatability
d. Materialism
20. (comprehension)Whichofthefollowingassumptionsofscienceisviolatedby thisstatement: Tallpeoplelivelongerthanshortpeople.
a. Causeandeffect
b. Consistency
c. Repeatability
d. Materialism
21. (comprehension)Whichofthefollowingassumptionsofscienceisillustratedby thisstatement: Nomatterwhatkindofplantyougrow,itwillneedwater.
a. Causeandeffect
b. Consistency
c. Repeatability
d. Materialism
22. (comprehension) Ifascientistdoesanexperimentandgetsaresult,butno otherscientistsareabletorepeattheexperimentandgetthesameresult,whatdoes thatmean?
a. Thefirstscientistisaquack.
b. Theotherscientistsdon’tknowwhatthey’redoing.
c. Somethingaboutthehypothesis,prediction,orexperimentaldesignis wronginthefirstexperiment
d. Thefirstscientist’shypothesisiswrong.
e. There’snowaytodotheinvestigation.
23. (comprehension) Certainmushroomstendtoappearsuddenlyincircleson lawns. Whichofthefollowingmightbeanappropriatescientifichypothesisabout this.
a. Mushroomsgrowonlyinassociationwithgrass.
b. Mushroomsgrowonlyinthesummertime.
c. Thecircleshapeisrandom,eventhoughit’salmostalwayshowthese mushroomsareorientedonthelawn.
d. Mushroomsmostlygrowundergroundfromacentralrootstructure.
e. Therearesomethingstoooddtotrytoexplainscientifically. There’sno waytoknow
24. (comprehension) Inscience,thereisasystemofpeer-review,wherenothing getspublisheduntilseveralotherscientistshavelookedoverthework. Whatisthe purposeofthis?
a. Togivescientistssomethingtodointheirsparetime.
b. Toensurethateverythinggetspublished.
c. Toensurethateverythingthatgetspublishedisasaccurateand repeatableasispossible.
d. Toensurenoonescientisthastoomuchpower.
e. Toensurethateveryoneagreesontheideasofscience
2.4
25 (comprehension) Whichofthefollowingisascientificstatement?
a. Unicornsusedtoexistbecausetherearepaintingsofthemfromyearsago.
b. Asharkcanjumpashighasalowflyinghelicopterasshowninpictureson theinternet.
c. DinosaurswerekilledoffbyagreatfloodasdescribedintheBible.
d. AccordingtoDNAcomparisons,humansshareacommonancestorwith chimpanzees
e. Dogsaresmarterthancatsbecauseit’seasiertotrainthem.
26. (knowledge) Whatisempiricalevidence?
a. Informationfromdirectobservationorexperimentalresults
b. Informed,expertopinion
c. Onlythingswhichcanbedirectlyobserved
d. Resultsfromacontrolledexperiment
e. Informationfromanyreliablesource
27 (comprehension) Whyisthisapoorhypothesis: Leprechaunsplant4-leaf cloversinlawnstobringgoodluck.
a. It’swrong.
b. It’ssilly.
c. It’sfalsifiable.
d. It’snottestable.
e. It’sempirical.
28. (knowledge) Whatarethethreemainfeaturesofscience?
a. It’sbasedonopinion,it’stestable,anditcanbeappliedgenerally.
b. It’sbasedonempiricalevidence,it’stestable,anditcanbeappliedtojust veryspecificsituations.
c. It’sbasedonempiricalevidence,it’stestable,anditcanbeappliedto generalsituations.
d. It’sbasedonscientificbelief,it’sfalsifiable,anditcanbeappliedto generalsituations.
e. It’sbasedonempiricalevidence,it’snotalwaystestable,anditcanbe appliedtogeneralsituations.
29. (comprehension) WhatwasoneexampleofempiricalevidenceusedbyDr. Semmelweistodeterminethecauseofchildbedfever?
a. Womenwhodealtwithdoctorsandmedicalstudentsatthehospitalwere morelikelytocontractchildbedfever.
b. Miasmawasthoughttocausedisease.
c. Womenwhospenttheirlaborontheirsideswerelesslikelytocontract childbedfever.
d. Stoppingallautopsiesstoppedtheincidencesofchildbedfever
e. Medicalstudentsweretooroughonwomeninlabor.
30. (comprehension) InwhatwaywasDr.Semmelweis’sfindingaboutpreventing childbedfevergeneralizedtootherareas?
a. Midwivesarebetteratassistingwomengivebirththandoctorsare
b. Lettingmedicalstudentstreatpatientswithdoctorsleadstoanincreasein diseaseincidence.
c. Allhospitalsofthedayimprovedtheirventilationsystems.
d. ithasturnedoutthatlackofsterilizationcancausemanydiseases
e. Whenpeoplegetfrustratedtryingtosolvemedicalmysteries,theynow routinelygoonvacation.
31. (comprehension) Agoodscientificexplanationisgeneralizable. Whatdoesthat mean?
a. Itappliestoappliestoonespecificsituationorplace.
b. Itisgenerallycorrectbutnotalways.
c. Itexplainseverythingaboutasubject.
d. Itappliesinanysimilarcircumstance,notjustoneexperiment.
e. Anyscientistcanunderstandit.
32. (comprehension) InwhatwayareDr.Semmelweis’sfindingsrepeatedeven now?
a. Peoplewhoaccidentlystabthemselveswithscalpelsstilloftendie.
b. Midwivesstillhelpwomengivebirth.
c. Peoplestilldieinhospitals.
d. Hospitalswithbetterproceduresformaintainingsterilityseefewer infections.
e. Doctorsstillsolvemysteries.
2.5
33. (knowledge) Whatkindofquestionscanscienceanswer?
a. Questionsaboutwhatitmeanstobehappy
b. Questionsaboutwhetheraparticularbookisgood.
c. Questionsabouthowthenaturalworldworks.
d. QuestionsaboutwhyGodworksasHedoes.
e. Sciencecanansweranykindofquestion.
34. (knowledge) Apersonstudyingfoodsofancienthumanpopulationsmightwant toconsultwithascientistbecause
a. Bothfieldsdealwithtime.
b. Sciencehasalwaysbeenaround.
c. Scientistsknowalotmoreaboutthingsthanhistoriansdo
d. Ascientistmightbeabletotellaboutthehabitattheancienthumanswere dealingwithandthereforewhatkindoffoodtowhichtheymighthave access
e. Ascientistmightbeableto experimentwiththefoodsofancienthumans.
35. (comprehension) Whydoesn’tscienceworkasawayofseekinganswersabout faith?
a. Religionisamuchbroadersubjectthanscience
b. Faith,bydefinition,isn’ttestable. It’sapersonalbelief.
c. Scientistsareallatheists.
d. It’samyththatitdoesn’t. OnecantestGod.
e. Nooneknows,butitdoesn’twork.
36. (comprehension) Isitpossibleforascientisttodeterminewhatconstitutesa goodlife?
a. Yes. Thescientistcanmeasurethingsthatmakelifegood.
b. No. Whatis“good”ismoreofaphilosophicalquestion.
c. Yes. Everythingismeasurableinsomeway.
d. No. “Good”mainlyhastodowithfaith.
e. Yes,andwhateversciencefoundwouldbecorrect.
2.6
37. (acomprehension)WhichofthefollowingclaimsaboutFrenchfriesareNOT examplesofpseudoscience?
a.ThemajorityofpeopleeatingFrenchfriesinarestaurantlooksickly,so Frenchfriesmustnotbegoodforyou.
b. PeoplewhoorderFrenchfriesareusuallyhighschoolgraduates,so Frenchfriesmustimproveintelligence.
c.. MostpeoplewhoeatFrenchfriesalsoeatcatsupwhichisavegetable,so Frenchfriesaregoodforyou
d. MostFrenchpeoplearehealthy,soFrenchfriesmustbegoodforyou.
e. Foodshighinfatarenotgoodforyou,andFrenchfriesarehighinfat.
38 (knowledge) Pseudoscienceisjustlikescienceexcept
a.Therearenocontrolledexperimentsorfactsbehindit.
b. Peopletendtobelieveitmorethanscience
c. Apseudoscientistalwaysworksinalab.
d. Pseuodscientiststendtomakemoremoneythanregularscientists.
e. Publishingpseudoscientificresultsismoredifficult.
39. (knowledge) Creationism,ortheideathatallspeciesnowonEarthwere createdjustastheyarenow,ispseudosciencebecause
a. Scientistssayso.
b. MorethanhalftheU.S.populationbelievesit
c. Scientistsdon’tbelieveinGod.
d. There’snoevidenceandnowaytotestit
e. Peoplelearnitinchurch.
40. (knowledge) Whatisyourbestdefenseagainstquackery?
a. Neverbelieveanythingyoureadontheinternet
b. Becomeascientist.
c. Beskepticalandgetyourinformationfromareliablesource
d. Distrusteveryone.
e. Don’tgotodoctors.
41. (comprehension) Ifyouacceptthatscienceisareliablewayoflearningabout thenaturalworld,whyisitunreasonableforyoutoaccepttheideathatalllifeon earthwascreatedinaweek,afewthousandyearsago?
a. Becauseit’sreligiousandallscientistscan’tbereligious.
b. BecausetheBibleisfullofcrazyideas.
c. Becauseyouwouldhavetoignoresomuchevidencegeology,fossils,and DNA.
d. Becausescientistsarealwaysright.
e. Itisreasonablebecausescientistscanbereligious.
“Biology in Perspective”
42 (knowledge) Scienceusesinductivereasoningtoadvanceknowledge. This meansthat
a. Scientistshavetobeincrediblysmart.
b. Scientistsmakepredictionsandtestthem.
c. Scientistscanalwaysfigureoutwhat’sgoingon.
d. Scientistscanmakethingsupiftheycan’ttestthem.
e. Scienceisn’tnecessarilyright.
43. (knowledge) Sciencedependson___________________
a. evidence
b. beliefs
c. practice
d. reasoning
e. luck
“Scientist Spotlight”
44. (knowledge) HowdidRobertKochdeterminethatitwasbacteriathatcaused thediseaseanthrax?
a. Everybodyatthetimeknewanthraxwascausedbybacteria
b. Heinjectedmicewithanthraxinfectedmaterial,andtheyallcamedown withanthrax,whilethoseinjectedwithhealthymaterialdidnot
c. Heputmiceincloseproximitytohealthyandtoanthrax-infectedanimals andonlythosenearthesickanimalscontractedanthrax.
d. Hephotographedtheanthraxbacteria.
e. Heinfectedhimselfwithanthraxbacteriaandcontractedthedisease
45. (comprehension)Whyisanthraxpotentiallysuchaproblemonfarms?
a. It’sdeadlyforhumans.
b. It’sassociatedwithcattlefeed.
c. Itcanexistaslong-lastingsporesinthesoilsoit’shardtoeradicate.
d. Itmakesanimalsandcropsinedible
e. It’sapotentbiologicalweapon.
46. (knowledge) WhatisDr.RobertKochgenerallymostfamousfor?
a. Discoveringanthraxinfarmanimals
b. Theresearchlabhesetupinhishouse
c. Discoveringthatanthraxcanbeusedasabiologicalweapon
d. Hisworktowardtheidea(germtheory)thatmanyinfectiousdiseasesare causedbybacteria
e. Hisworkwithbacterialspores
“Technology Connection”
47. (knowledge) Whatdoesstrepthroatandchildbedfeverhaveincommon?
a. Bothinfectionscomefromhospitals.
b. Bothcauseasorethroatasanearlysymptom
c. Botharecausedbysimilarviruses.
d. Botharecausedbysimilarbacteria
e. Bothpredominantlyinfectwomen.
48. (knowledge) Ifstrepthroatisn’treallydangerous,whyisitimportanttotestfor it?
a. It’simportanttominimizeevenlessdangerousinfections
b. It’sverycontagious.
c. It’srelatedtochildbedfever,soitcanbeveryserious.
d. Itcankillyouinrarecases.
e. Itcancauserheumaticfeverinrarecases,whichisveryserious.
49. (comprehension) Theculturetestforstrepthroattakesadayortwobutis95% sensitiveandaccurate,soit’sbetterthantherapidtest. Whydodoctorsdoboth?
a. Sotheycanchargeyoumore
b. Becausetherapidtestislessaccurate,butthebacteriaissocontagiousit’s besttogetthepatientstartedonantibioticsasquicklyaspossible,evenifit turnsouttheydon’thavestrep
c. Becauseit’sokaytouseantibiotics,evenwhenyoudon’treallyneedthem.
d. Becausestrepthroatisoftendeadlyifleftuntreatedformorethan24 hours.
e. Becausetheculturetestislessaccuratebutthebacteriaissocontagious it’sbesttogetstartedonantibioticsasquicklyaspossible,evenifitturnsout thepatientdoesn’thavestrep.
“Life Application”
50. (knowledge) AssoonasDr.Semmelweisfiguredoutthatsterilizationofhands dramaticallyreducesincidencesofchildbedfever,whydidn’tallhospitalsadoptthe practice?
a. Manydoctorsdon’ttrustscience.
b. Manydoctorsrefusedtobelievetheycouldpossiblybetransmittinga diseasetotheirpatients.
c. Bleachwasveryexpensiveandhardtoget
d. Priortothe1900s,itwasnearlyimpossibletospreadnewslikethisfrom onehospitaltoanother.
e. Dr.Semmelweiswasnotwellrespectedbythemedicalcommunity.
51. (knowledge) About20%ofthehumanpopulationhasthebacteriathatcauses childbedfeverlivingontheirskin,andyetdeathfromitisveryrare. Why?
a. Peoplearenowresistanttothebacteria.
b. Thebacteriahasevolvedsuchthatitnevercausesdisease.
c. Withalltheantibacterialsoapsavailable,mosthumansdon’tcomein contactwithbacteria
d Thebacteriaisonlydangerousifitgetsinthebloodstreamandnowitcan betreatedbyantibiotics
e. Doctorsnowroutinelywashtheirhands.
“How do we know?”
52.(comprehension) Sinceahypothesiscan’tbeproven,sciencecan’teverprove anything. TrueorFalse?
a. True,becausesomethingcanalwaysbewrong.
b. False,becauseifahypothesismakespredictionsthatarecorrectinmany differentcircumstances,itisconsideredcorrectuntilcontradictoryevidence arises whichmayneverhappen.
c. True,becausethereisalwayssomesituationwhereahypothesiswillhold upandapredictionwillbeshowntobewrong
d. False,becauseifahypothesisresultsinapredictionthatisshowntobe correctbyjustonetest,it’sproven.
e. True,becausescienceisreallynotthebestwaytolearnthingsabouthow natureworks.
Short Answer
1. (knowledge)TrueorFalse. Thenaturalworldmostlyworksinaregular, repeatable,predictableway.
True
2. (knowledge)TrueorFalse: Ithasalwaysbeensafesttodeliverababywitha doctor’sassistance.
False
2.1
3. (knowledge)Dr.Semmelweiseliminatedventilation,deliverypositions,and patienthandlingascausesofchildbedfeverbeforeratheraccidentlydetermining whatwasactuallythecause. Whatwasthecause?
Germsormicroorganismstransferredfromautopsiestopatients
4. (knowledge) WhathospitalproceduredidDr.Semmelweisfindmostly preventedchildbedfever?
Scrubbingandbleachinghands
2.2
5. (knowledge) Whatdoyoucallapossiblecauseormechanismthatcouldexplain anobservation?
Hypothesis
6. (knowledge) Howdoyoutestahypothesisingeneral?
Testaprediction(if….then…)basedonthehypothesis
7. (knowledge)Isitokaytodoanexperimentjustonce? Whyorwhynot?
No apredictionhastoholduptorepeatedtesting
8. (comprehension) Isthisstatementanobservation,hypothesis,ortheory: dogs pantwhentheyarehot.
Observation
9. (comprehension) Isthisstatementanobservation,hypothesis,ortheory: Peoplewhogetenoughsleepdobetteronexams.
Hypothesis
2.3
10. (comprehension) Exorcismsasawaytocurediseasecannotbeconsidered scientificbecausetheyviolatewhichofthefourassumptionsofscience?
Materialism
11. (comprehension) Whyisitimportantthatexperimentsberepeated?
Tomakesureresultsarerepeatable
2.4
12. (knowledge) Theideaofman-madeclimatechangehasbeenveryunpopular,so despitetheempiricalevidence,itmustnotbehappening. Trueorfalse?
False
13. (knowledge) Whatisoneimportantfeatureofascientifichypothesis? Itmustbetestable.
2.5
14. (knowledge) Scientistsalwaysworkonlywithotherscientistsbecausenoother fieldofstudyreallyappliestoscience.
False
15. (knowledge) Scienceisgoodatansweringquestionsrelatedtowhatsubject?
Thenaturalworld
2.6
16. (knowledge) IfItellyouthepotionIhavemadefrombeepollenwillcure cancer,butIdon’tprovideanyevidenceofthis,thisisanexampleof____________.
Quackery
17. (knowledge) Whatdoessciencerequirethatpseudosciencedoesnot?
Empiricalevidenceortesting
18. (knowledge) RobertKochdiscoveredhowanthraxbacteriaisabletoinfect animalsevenwhentheydon’tcomeincontactwithothersickanimals. Howdoesit dothat?
Survivesassporesinthesoil
19. (knowledge) Whydodoctorsusetheculturetestforstrepwhentheyhavethe morerapidtesttouse?
Theculturetestismoreaccurate.
20. (knowledge) Whatactuallycauseschildbedfever?
Abacteria
21. (comprehension) Ifyourpredictionbasedonyourhypothesisistestedand showntobecorrect,doesthatmeanyourhypothesisisproven? Why?
No thereisalwaysroomformoreinformation
22. (knowledge) Inourmoderndayandage,thebacteriathatcauseschildbedfever hasbeencompletelyeliminated. TrueorFalse?
False
23. (comprehension) Ifmoreandmoreempiricalobservationstendtosupport yourhypothesis,whatcanyouprobablyconclude?
Yourhypothesisiscorrect