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1.1Q1:Whichofthefollowingstatementsis true?
a.Hardwarecontrolssoftware.
b.Softwarecontrolshardware.
c.Cisanobject-orientedprogramminglanguage.
d.Both(b)and(c)are true
ANS: b.
1.1Q2:Whichofthefollowingstatementsa),b)orc)is false?
a.Decadesago,mostcomputerapplicationsranonnetworkedcomputers.
b.Today'sapplicationscanbewrittenwiththeaimofcommunicatingamong theworld'scomputersviatheInternet.
c.Akeyintersectionbetweencomputerscienceanddatascienceisartificialintelligence.
d.Alloftheabovestatementsare true
ANS: a. Decades ago, most computer applications ran on networked computers. Actually, decades ago, most computer applications ran on "standalone" computers (that is, not networked together).
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1.2Q1:Whichofthefollowingstatementsis false?
a.Computerscanperformcalculationsandmakelogicaldecisionsphenomenally fasterthanhumanbeingscan.
b.Computersprocessdataunderthecontrolofsequencesofinstructionscalled computerprograms(orsimplyprograms).
c.Acomputerconsistsofvariousphysicaldevicesreferredtoashardware(such asthekeyboard,screen,mouse,solid-statedisks,harddisks,memory,
d.Computingcostsarerisingdramatically,duetotheincreasingcomplexityof hardwareandsoftwaretechnologies.
ANS: d. Actually, computing costs are dropping dramatically, due to rapid developments in hardware and software technologies.
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1.2Q2:Everyyearortwo,thecapacitiesofcomputershaveapproximatelydoubledinexpensively.Thisremarkabletrendofteniscalled________.
a.thelawoflargenumbers
b.theprincipalofleastprivilege
c.Moore'slaw
d.Wirth'slaw
ANS: c.
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1.2Q3:Whichlogicalunitofthecomputeristhereceivingsection?
a.inputunit
b.outputunit
c.memoryunit
d.centralprocessingunit.
ANS: a.
1.2Q4:Informationinthememoryunitis________.It'stypicallylostwhenthe computer'spoweristurnedoff.
a.persistent
b.constant
c.sticky
d.volatile
ANS: d.
1.2Q5:Agigabyteisapproximatelyone________bytes.
a.thousand
b.million
c.billion
d.trillion.
ANS: c.
1.2Q6:Thearithmeticandlogicunitcontainsthe________mechanismsthatallow thecomputer,forexample,tocomparetwoitemsfromthememoryunittodeterminewhetherthey'reequal.
a.decision
b.calculation
c.addition
d.Noneoftheabove.
ANS: a.
1.2Q7:Informationonsecondarystoragedevicesis________ it'spreserved evenwhenthecomputer'spoweristurnedoff.
a.volatile
b.unstable
c.transient
d.persistent
ANS: d.
1.2Q8:Secondarystorageinformationtakesmuch________toaccessthaninformationinprimarymemory,butitscostperunitismuch________.
a.lesstime,less
b.longer,less
c.lesstime,more
d.longer,more
ANS: b.
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1.3Q1:A(n)________isthesmallestdataiteminacomputer.Itcanhavethevalue 0 or 1.
a.bit
b.byte
c.field
d.record
ANS: a.
1.3Q2:Whichofthefollowingstatementsa),b)orc)is false?
a.Acomputer'scharactersetrepresentseverycharacterasapatternof 1sand 0s.
b.AllUnicode® charactersarecomposedoffourbytes(32bits).
c.Unicodecontainscharactersformanyoftheworld'slanguages.
d.Alloftheabovestatementsaretrue.
ANS: b. Actually, Unicode® characters are composed of one, two, three or four bytes (8, 16, 24 or 32 bits, respectively).
1.3Q3:Themostpopulardatabasemodelisthe________database,inwhichdata isstoredinsimpletables.
a.network
b.graph
c.relational
d.hierarchical
ANS: c.
1.3Q4:Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsis true?
a.aterabyteislargerthanapetabyte.
b.akilobyteisexactly1000bytes.
c.agigabyteis1024megabytes.
d.anexabyteis1024zettabytes.
ANS: c.
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1.4Q1:Whichofthefollowingstatementsa),b)orc)is false?
a.Anycomputercandirectlyunderstandonlyitsownmachinelanguage,definedbyitshardwaredesign.
b.Translatorprogramscalledassemblersconvertassembly-languageprograms
tomachinelanguageatcomputerspeeds.
c.Interpreterprograms,developedtoexecutehigh-levellanguageprogramsdirectly,avoidthedelayofcompilation,andrunfasterthancompiledprograms.
d)Alloftheabovestatementsare true.
ANS: c. Actually, interpreter programs run slower than compiled programs.
1.4Q2:Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?
a.Withtheadventofassemblylanguages,computerusageincreasedrapidly,but programmersstillhadtousenumerousinstructionstoaccomplisheventhe simplesttasks.
b.Tospeedtheprogrammingprocess,high-levellanguagesweredevelopedin whichsinglestatementscouldbewrittentoaccomplishsubstantialtasks.
c.Translatorprogramscalledassemblersconverthigh-level-languagesource codeintomachinelanguage.
d.High-levellanguagesinstructionslookalmostlikeevery-dayEnglishandcontaincommonlyusedmathematicalnotations.
ANS: c. Actually, those translator programs are compilers. Assemblers convert assembly language programs into machine language.
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1.5Q1:Windowsisa(n)________operatingsystem it'scontrolledbyMicrosoft exclusively.
a.proprietary
b.private
c.opensource
d.Noneoftheabove.
ANS: a.
1.5Q2: _____isbyfartheworld'smostwidelyuseddesktopoperatingsystem.
a.Linux
b.MacOS
c.Windows
d.noneoftheabove
ANS: c.
1.5Q3:With________softwaredevelopment,individualsandcompaniescontributetheireffortsindeveloping,maintainingandevolvingsoftwareinexchange fortherighttousethatsoftwarefortheirownpurposes,typicallyatnocharge.
a.object-oriented
b.high-level
c.open-source
d.proprietary
ANS: c.
1.5Q4:Whichofthefollowingorganizationshasmillionsofopen-sourceprojectsunderdevelopment?
a.PythonSoftwareFoundation
b.GitHub
c.TheApacheSoftwareFoundation
d.TheEclipseFoundation
ANS: b.
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1.6Q1:WhichofthefollowinglanguageswasanancestorofC?
a.A
b.A+
c.B
d.B+
ANS: c.
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1.7Q1:Whichofthefollowingaresourcesofbuildingblocksthatyou’llusetobuild yourCprograms?
a.FunctionsfromtheCstandardlibrary
b.Functionsyoucreateyourself.
c.Functionsfromopen-sourceClibraries.
d.Alloftheabove.
ANS: d.
1.7Q2:Whichofthefollowingaretrueregardingwhystandardlibraryfunctions canbemoreefficient?
a.Theysaveprogrammingtime.
b.Theyarecarefullywrittentoperformoptimally.
c.Theyincreaseprogramportability.
d.Alloftheabove.
ANS: d.
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1.8Q1:C++wasdevelopedby________.
a.BjarneStroustrup
b.AdaLovelace
c.BlaisePascal
d.KenThompson
ANS: a.
1.8Q2:WhichlanguagewasdevelopedbyMicrosoftforintegratingtheInternetand thewebintocomputerapplications?
a.Objective-C.
b.Java.
c.PHP.
d.C#.
ANS: d.
1.8Q3:Javawasdevelopedby___________.
a.SunMicrosystems
b.BellLabs
c.IBM
d.ANSI/ISO
ANS: a.
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1.9Q1:The compile stageiswhen____________.
a.theobjectcodeislinkedwithcodeforfunctionsinotherfiles
b.theCprogramistranslatedintomachinelanguagecode
c.theprogramisexecutedoneinstructionatatime
d.theprogramisplacedinmemory
ANS: b.
1.9Q2:Thelinkercreates__________.
a.anexecutableimage
b.apreprocessordirective
c.objectcode
d.aninputstream
ANS: a.
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Noquestions.
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1.11Q1:WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheARPANETandtheInternet is false?
a.TheARPANETwastheprecursortotoday'sInternet.
b.Today'sfastestInternetspeedsareontheorderofmillionsofbitspersecond withbillion-bits-per-second(gigabit)speedsalreadybeingtested.
c.AlthoughtheARPANETenabledresearcherstonetworktheircomputers,its mainbenefitprovedtobethecapabilityforquickandeasycommunicationvia
Copyright 2016 by Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. All Rights Reserved.
whatcametobeknownaselectronicmail(e-mail).
d.Theprotocol(setofrules)forcommunicatingovertheARPANETbecame knownastheTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP).TCPensuredthatmessages, consistingofsequentiallynumberedpiecescalledpackets,wereproperlydeliveredfromsendertoreceiver,arrivedintactandwereassembledinthecorrect order.
ANS: b. Actually, today's fastest Internet speeds are on the order of billions of bits per second with trillion-bits-per-second (terabit) speeds already being tested.
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1.11Q2:WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheInternetis false?
a.Onechallengewastoenabledifferentnetworkstocommunicatewitheach other.ARPAaccomplishedthisbydevelopingtheInternetProtocol(IP),which createdatrue"networkofnetworks,"thecurrentarchitectureoftheInternet.
b.ThecombinedsetofInternetprotocolsisnowcalledTCP/IP.
c.EachInternet-connected-devicehasaTCPaddress auniquenumericalidentifierusedbydevicescommunicatingviaTCP/IPtolocateoneanotherontheInternet.
d.Bandwidth theinformation-carryingcapacityofcommunicationslines on theInternethasincreasedtremendously,whilehardwarecostshaveplummeted.
ANS: c. Each Internet-connected- device has a TCP address—a unique numerical identifier used by devices communicating via TCP/IP to locate one another on the Internet. Actually, each Internet-connected device has an IP address—a unique numerical identifier used by devices communicating via TCP/IP to locate one another on the Internet.
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1.11Q3:Whichofthefollowingstatementsis false?
a.TheWorldWideWebisacollectionofhardwareandsoftwareassociatedwith theInternetthatallowscomputeruserstolocateandviewdocuments(with variouscombinationsoftext,graphics,animations,audiosandvideos)onalmostanysubject.
b.In1989,TimBerners-LeeofCERN(theEuropeanOrganizationforNuclear Research)begandevelopingHyperTextMarkupLanguage(HTML)—thetechnologyforsharinginformationvia"hyperlinked"textdocuments.
c.Berners-LeealsowrotecommunicationprotocolssuchasJavaScriptObject Notation(JSON)toformthebackboneofhisnewhypertextinformationsystem, whichhereferredtoastheWorldWideWeb.
d.In1994,Berners-LeefoundedtheWorldWideWebConsortium(W3C),devotedtodevelopingwebtechnologies.
ANS: c. Actually, in 1989, Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) began developing HyperText Markup Language (HTML)—the technology for sharing information via "hyperlinked" text documents.
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1.11Q4:Theapplications-developmentmethodologyof________enablesyouto rapidlydeveloppowerfulsoftwareapplicationsbycombining(oftenfree)complementarywebservicesandotherformsofinformationfeeds.
a.cloudcomputing
b.designpatterns
c.proprietarycomputing
d.mashups
ANS: d.
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1.11Q5:TheInternetisnolongerjustanetworkofcomputers it'sanInternet ofThings.Athingisanyobjectwithwhichofthefollowing?
a.anIPaddress
b.theabilitytosenddataovertheInternet
c.insomecases,theabilitytoreceivedataovertheInternet
d.Thingscanhavealloftheabove.
ANS: d.
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1.12Q1:Reworkingprogramstomakethemclearerandeasiertomaintain whilepreservingtheircorrectnessandfunctionalityiscalled________.
a.refactoring
b.designpatterns
c.editing
d.Noneoftheabove.
ANS: a.
1.12Q2:Provenarchitecturesforconstructingflexibleandmaintainableobjectorientedsoftwarearecalled________.
a.refactoredarchitectures
b.softwareblueprints
c.engineeredarchitectures
d.designpatterns
ANS: d.
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1.13Q1:Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutbigdatais false?
a.Forcomputerscientistsanddatascientists,dataisnowasimportantaswritingprograms.
b.Onemegabyteisexactlyonemillion(1,000,000)bytes.
c.AMarch2016AnalyticsWeekarticlestatedthatbytherewouldbeover50billiondevicesconnectedtotheInternet(mostofthemthroughtheInternetof Things),andby2020therewouldbe1.7megabytesofnewdataeverysecond foreverypersonontheplanet.
d.Thespeedatwhichquantumcomputersnowunderdevelopmentcouldoperateatissoextraordinarythatinonesecond,aquantumcomputertheoretically coulddostaggeringlymorecalculationsthanthetotalthathavebeendonebyall computerssincetheworld’sfirstcomputerappeared.
ANS: b. Actually, one megabyte is exactly 220 = 1024 x 1024 = 1,048,576 bytes.
1.13Q2:Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutenergyconsumptionisfalse?
a.Accordingtoarecentarticle,energyuseforprocessingdatain2015was growingat20%peryearandconsumingapproximatelythreetofivepercentof theworld'spower.
b.Anotherenormouselectricityconsumeristheblockchain-basedcryptocurrencyBitcoin processingjustoneBitcointransactionusesapproximatelythe sameamountofenergyaspoweringtheaverageAmericanhomeforayear.
c.TheenergyusecomesfromtheprocessBitcoin"miners"usetoprovethat transactiondataisvalid.
d.Together,BitcoinandEthereum(anotherpopularblockchain-basedplatform andcryptocurrency)consumemoreenergyperyearthanFinland,Belgiumor Pakistan
ANS: b. Actually, processing just one Bitcoin transaction uses approximately the same amount of energy as powering the average American home for a week.
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1.13Q3:Whichofthefollowing"V'sofbigdata"isdescribedby"thevalidityof thedata isitcompleteandaccurate?Canwetrustthatdatawhenmakingcrucialdecisions?Isitreal?
a.Volume
b.Velocity
c.Variety
d.Veracity
ANS: d.
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1.14Q1:OnceWazeconvertsaspokencommandtotext,itmustdeterminethe correctactiontoperform,whichrequires:
a.JSON
b.speechrecognition
c.naturallanguageprocessing
d.speechsynthesis
ANS: c.
1.14Q2:Eachofthefollowingstatementsaboutatypicalmobilesocialnavigationappis true and mostcapturestheessenceoftheapplication?
a.Theappprocessesmassiveamountsofcrowdsourceddata thatis,thedata that'scontinuouslysuppliedbyusersthroughtheirmobileGPS-baseddevices worldwide.
b.Theappusesspeechsynthesistospeakdrivingdirectionsandalertstoyou, andspeechrecognitiontounderstandyourspokencommands.
c.TheappusesyourphoneasastreamingInternetofThings(IoT)device.Each phoneisaGPSsensorthatcontinuouslystreamsdataovertheInternettothe app.
d.Theappprobablystoresitsroutinginformationinagraphdatabase.Suchdatabasescanefficientlycalculateshortestroutes.
ANS: a.
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1.15Q1:Whatisthe"ultimategoal"ofthefieldofartificialintelligence?
a.Computerslearningfrommassiveamountsofdata.
b.Computervision.
c.Self-drivingcars.
d.Artificialgeneralintelligence computersthatperformintelligencetasksas wellashumans.
ANS: d.
1.15Q2:WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAIis false?
a.Formanydecades,AIhasbeenafieldwithsolutionsandnoproblems.
b.Google'sAlphaZeroisagame-playingAIthatteachesitselftoplaygames.
c.Ina1997matchbetweenIBM'sDeepBluecomputersystemandchess GrandmasterGaryKasparov,DeepBluebecamethefirstcomputertobeata reigningworldchesschampionundertournamentconditions.
d.Aftertraining-itselfinGoforjusteighthours,AlphaZerowasabletoplayGo
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vs.itsAlphaGopredecessor,winning60of100games.
ANS: a. Actually, for many decades, AI has been a field with problems and no solutions.
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