Topic
LearningObjective Introduction
LearningObjective
2.1
LearningObjective
2.2
LearningObjective
2.3
LearningObjective
2.4
LearningObjective
Total Assessment Guide
MultipleChoice 2,3 1
True-False
Essay
MultipleChoice 5,6,7,8,9,10,11, 12,13,14,15,16, 17,18,19,20,21, 22,23,24,25,26, 27,28,29,30,31, 32,34,35,36,37, 38,39,40,41,42, 43,44,45,46,47, 48,49,50,51,52, 53,57,58,59,62, 63,64,65,66,67, 73,75,76,77,79, 80,81,82
True-False 347,348,349,350, 351,352,353,354, 355,356,357,358
Essay 399,400,401
MultipleChoice 84,88,89
True-False 359
Essay 402
4,56
33,54,55,60,61, 68,69,70,71,72, 74,78
83,85,86,87,90, 91
MultipleChoice 94,100,115,118, 120,123,129,131, 134,139,144,147, 148,149,152,153, 154,155,162,163, 164,165,169,175, 176,177,178 92,93,95,96,97, 98,99,101,102, 104,105,106,107, 109,110,111,112, 114,124,125,126, 127,128,130,132, 135,136,137,138, 141,142,143,145, 150,151,158,159, 160,161,166,167, 168,171,172,173
True-False 360,,361,362,363, 364,365,366,367, 368,369
Essay 406 403,404,405,407, 408
103,108,113,116, 117,119,121,122, 133,140,146,156, 157,170,174
MultipleChoice 179,182,192,194, 195,196,197,198, 200,202,203,205, 207,208,209,210, 212,213,215,218, 219,220 180,181,183,184, 185,190,193,206, 211,214 186,187,188,189, 191,199,201,204, 216,217
True-False 370,371,372,373, 374,375,376,377
Essay 410 411,412,413 409
MultipleChoice 221,222,223,224, 230,233,234,237 228,229,231,232,
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All
2.5
LearningObjective
2.6
LearningObjective
225,226,227,236, 238 235
True-False 378,379,380,381, 382 Essay 414
MultipleChoice 241,242,243,244, 245,248,250,251, 252,254,255,256, 260,261,262,263, 266,267,271,273, 274,279,281,282, 283 239,240,249,253, 257,258,259,264, 265 246,247,268,269, 270,272,275,276, 277,278,280
True-False 383,384,385 Essay 415
2.7 MultipleChoice 284,286,287 285
True-False Essay
LearningObjective
2.8 MultipleChoice 288,289
True-False Essay
LearningObjective
2.9 MultipleChoice 290
True-False 386 Essay 416
LearningObjective
2.10
LearningObjective
2.11
LearningObjective
2.12
LearningObjective
2.13
LearningObjective
2.14
LearningObjective
2.15
MultipleChoice 291
True-False Essay
MultipleChoice 292,293,295,296, 297,298 294
True-False 387 Essay
MultipleChoice 299,301,302,303, 304,309,311,312, 313,314,318,319, 322,323,324
306,307,308,315, 316,317,320,321, 325,326 300,305,310
True-False 388,389,390 Essay 417
MultipleChoice 327,328,329,330, 331
True-False 391,392 Essay 418
MultipleChoice 337,338,339 332,333,334,335, 336
True-False 393,394,395 Essay 420 419
MultipleChoice 340,341,342,343, 344
True-False 396,397 Essay
LearningObjective MultipleChoice 345
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All
LearningObjective
True-False Essay
True-False 398 Essay
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by
2 Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior and Methods of Treatment
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Inthecasestudyof“Jessica’sLittleSecret,”Jessica’sbulimianervosaismaladaptiveinthesensethatitcan leadto:
a. extremelossofweight.
b. socialproblems.
c. minorhealthproblems.
d. unwantedsocialattentionfromothersthatiscommonlyassociatedwithmaintaining anidealbodytype.
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:40
Topic:Introduction
LearningObjective: Introduction
Skill:Applied
2. Incontemporarytimes,theunderstandingofabnormalbehaviorhasbeenlargelyapproached from_______________.
a. spiritualperspectives
b. mathematicalmodels
c. naturalandsocialsciencetheoreticalmodels
d. historicalperspectives
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:41
Topic:Introduction
LearningObjective:Introduction
Skill:Factual
3. Manyscholarstodaybelievethatabnormalbehaviorpatternsare______________.
a. bestexplainedwithbiologicalmodels
b. complexphenomenathatarebestunderstoodbytakingintoaccountmultipleperspectives
c. adaptationstodifficult-to-understandmodernsocialstructures
d. theresultofthealienationassociatedwithlarge,rapidlychangingcultures
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:41
Topic:Introduction
LearningObjective:Introduction
Skill:Factual
4. Themedicalmodelrepresentsa______perspectiveonabnormalbehavior.
a. phenomenological
c. biological b. behavioral d. cognitive
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Conceptual
5. Ourunderstandingofthebiologicalunderpinningsofabnormalbehaviorhas______inrecentyears.
a. beeneliminated
c. remainedunchanged
b. declined d. grown
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
6. Thenervoussystemismadeupofcellscalled______.
a. somas
b. neurons
ANSWER:B
c. axons
d. synapses
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective:2.1
Skill:Factual
7. Neuronsare______cells.
a. glial
b. connective
ANSWER:D
c. adipose
d. nerve
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective:2.1
Skill:Factual
8. Thepartoftheneuronthatreceivesmessagesfromotherneuronsiscalledthe______.
a. nucleus
b. axon
ANSWER:C
c. dendrite
d. soma
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
9. Thepartoftheneuronthattransmitsmessagestootherneuronsiscalledthe______.
a. nucleus
b. axon
ANSWER:B
c. dendrite
d. soma
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
10. Axonscanextendaslongasseveral__________.
a. millimeters c. feet
b. inches d. meters
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
11. Terminalsarelocatedattheendof______.
a. nuclei c. dendrites
b. axons d. somas
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
12. Neuronstransmitmessagestootherneuronsbymeansofchemicalsubstancesknownas______.
a. precursors c. neurotransmitters
b. hormones d. peptides
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
13. Neurotransmittersinduce______inreceivingneurons.
a. dendrites c. chemicalchanges b. somas d. structuralchanges
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
14. Thejunctionbetweenatransmittingneuronandareceivingneuroniscalledthe______. a. sheath c. hillock
b. synapse d. knob
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
15. Thepropersequenceofstructuresaneuralmessagepassesthroughasitmovesfromoneneurontothenextis
______.
a. dendrite,cellbody,axon
c. axon,cellbody,dendrite
b. dendrite,axon,cellbody d. cellbody,dendrite,axon
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
16. Receptorsitesarelocatedonthe______.
a. endocrinesystem
b. axons
ANSWER:C
c. dendrites
d. cellbody
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
17. Thepartofadendriteonareceivingneuronthatisstructuredtoreceiveaneurotransmitteristhe______.
a. terminal
c. myelinsheath
b. receptorsite d. hillock
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
18. Eachkindofneurotransmitter______.
a. isuniqueandwillfitintoonlyonetypeofreceptorsite
b. willfitintoseveraltypes,butnotmosttypesofreceptorsites
c. willfitintomost,butnotalltypesofreceptorsites
d. willfitintoeverytypeofreceptorsite
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
19. Theprocessofneurotransmittersbeingreabsorbedbytheaxonterminaliscalled______.
a. diffusion c. reuptake
b. recycling d. regurgitation
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
20. Anxietydisorders,sleepdisorders,andeatingdisordershavebeenlinkedtoimbalancesof_______.
a. acetylcholine c. serotonin
b. dopamine d. epinephrine
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
21. Twopopularantidepressants,ProzacandZoloft,increasetheavailabilityof_______inthebrain. a. acetylcholine c. serotonin b. dopamine d. cortisol
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
22. Alzheimer'sdiseasehasbeenassociatedwithdeficienciesof_______.
a. acetylcholine c. norepinephrine
b. dopamine d. serotonin
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
23. Schizophreniahasbeenlinkedtooverutilizationof_______.
a. acetylcholine c. norepinephrine
b. dopamine d. serotonin
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
24. Aneurotransmitterlinkedtoanxietydisordersanddepressionis______.
a. thyroxin c. dopamine
b. acetylcholine d. serotonin
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
25. Thetwomajorpartsofthenervoussystemarethe_______.
a. sympatheticandparasympatheticnervoussystems
b. centralandperipheralnervoussystems
c. brainandspinalcord
d. autonomicandsomaticnervoussystems
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
26. Thebrainandspinalcordmakeupthe______nervoussystem.
a. central c. sympathetic
b. somatic d. parasympathetic
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
27. The______nervoussystemismadeupofnervesthatreceiveandtransmitsensorymessagestothebrain.
a. central
c. reticular
b. peripheral d. limbic
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
28. Thehindbrainconsistsof_____________.
a. thepons,thalamus,andreticularactivatingsystem
b. theamygdala,hippocampus,andhypothalamus
c. themedulla,pons,andcerebellum
d. thecerebellum,reticularactivatingsystem,andhippocampus
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
29. Themedulla,pons,andcerebellumareallpartsofthe______.
a. forebrain c. midbrain
b. prebrain d. hindbrain
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
30. The______playsaroleinvitalfunctionslikeheartrate,respiration,andbloodpressure.
a. pons c. medulla
b. reticularactivatingsystem d. cerebellum
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
31. The______transmitsinformationaboutbodymovementandisinvolvedinfunctionsrelatedtoattention,sleep, andrespiration.
a. pons c. medulla b. thalamus d. cerebellum
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
32. The______islocatedbehindtheponsandisinvolvedinbalanceandmotorbehavior.
a. cerebrum c. medulla b. reticularactivatingsystem d. cerebellum
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
33. Celiaishavingdifficultymaintainingherbalanceandcoordinatinghermusclemovements.Assumingher problemsresultfromabraininjury,onewouldfirstexamineher_______.
a. pons c. medulla
b. thalamus d. cerebellum
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
34. The______liesjustabovethehindbrainandcontainsneuralpathwayslinkingthehindbraintotheupper regionsofthebrain.
a. forebrain c. midbrain b. prebrain d. underbrain
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective:2.1
Skill:Factual
35. The______extendsfromthehindbraintothelowerpartoftheforebrainandisinvolvedinregulatingstatesof arousal.
a. pons
c. reticularactivatingsystem b. medulla d. cerebellum
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
36. The______playsvitalrolesinregulatingsleep,attention,andarousal. a. limbicsystem c. medulla b. reticularactivatingsystem d. cerebellum
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
37. Depressantdrugs,suchasalcohol,loweractivityinthe______.
a. reticularactivatingsystem c. cochlea
b. amygdala d. opticchiasm
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
38. Thereticularactivatingsystemispartofthe______.
a. parietalregion c. midbrain
b. prebrain d. occipitallobe
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
39. Thepartofthebraininvolvedwithstatesofarousalis:
a. cerebellum.
c. reticularactivatingsystem.
b. hippocampus. d. basalganglia.
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
40. The______relayssensoryinformationfromthesenseorgans(i.e.,theeyesandears)tohigherregionsofthe brain.
a. thalamus c. basalganglia
b. hypothalamus d. cerebellum
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
41. The______,incoordinationwiththereticularactivatingsystem,isinvolvedinsuchfunctionsassleepand attention.
a. cingulatenucleus c. medulla
b. thalamus d. cerebellum
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
42. The______isatinystructurelocatedunderthethalamus.
a. cingulategyrus
b. cerebellum
ANSWER:D
c. hippocampus
d. hypothalamus
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
43. The______isvitalinregulatingbodytemperature,fluidconcentrations,andmotivationandemotionalstates.
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus
ANSWER:B
c. basalganglia
d. cerebellum
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
44. The______isinvolvedinarangeofmotivationaldrivesandbehaviors,includinghunger,thirst,sex,parenting behaviors,andaggression.
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus
ANSWER:B
c. basalganglia
d. cerebellum
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
45. Thehypothalamusispartofthe______.
a. limbicsystem
b. endocrinesystem
ANSWER:A
c. basalganglia
d. hindbrain
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
46. The______playsaroleinemotionalprocessingandmemoryandinregulatingbasicdrivesinvolvinghunger, thirst,andaggression.
a. basalganglia
b. cerebellum
ANSWER:D
c. reticularactivatingsystem
d. limbicsystem
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
47. The______regulate(s)posturalmovementsandcoordination.
a. basalganglia
c. pons
b. thalamus d. limbicsystem
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
48. The______isthebrain’s“crowningglory,”andisresponsibleformostthinkingprocesses. a. cerebellum c. corpuscallosum b. cerebrum d. limbicsystem
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
49. Thecerebralcortexmakesupthesurfaceofthe______. a. cerebrum c. corpuscallosum b. cerebellum d. limbicsystem
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
50. Thedeteriorationofthebasalgangliaisassociatedwith______. a. Alzheimer’sdisease c. Huntington’sdisease b. Schizophrenia d. Autism
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
51. The______hasbeenimplicatedincertaintypesofsleepdisorders. a. medulla c. hippocampus b. amygdala d. hypothalamus
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:45
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
52. Thetwomajordivisionsoftheperipheralnervoussystemarethe_______nervoussystems. a. sympatheticandsomatic c. autonomicandsomatic b. sympatheticandcentral d. sympatheticandparasympathetic
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
53. The______nervoussystemtransmitsvisualmessages,auditorymessages,andinformationsuchasbody positionandtemperaturetothebrain.
a. somatic c. sympathetic
b. autonomic d. parasympathetic
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
54. Thesomaticnervoussystemisassociatedwithprocessing____________.
a. emotions
b. complexthought
c. informationfromglandsandinvoluntarybodilyprocesses
d. messagesfromsenseorgans
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
55. Messagesfromthebraintothe______nervoussystemregulateintentionalbodymovementslikeraisinganarm andwalking.
a. somatic
c. sympathetic
b. central d. parasympathetic
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
56. The______nervoussystemregulatestheglandsandinvoluntaryactivitiessuchasheartrate,digestion,and pupildilation.
a. somatic
c. central
b. autonomic d. limbic
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Conceptual
57. The______nervoussystemisalsoknownasthe“automatic”nervoussystem.
a. central c. autonomic
b. somatic d. endocrine
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
58. Thesympatheticandparasympatheticdivisionsarepartofthe______nervoussystem.
a. central c. autonomic b. somatic d. endocrine
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
59. Theautonomicnervoussystemhastwobranches,the_________.
a. centralandperipheral c. somaticandsympathetic
b. somaticandperipheral d. sympatheticandparasympathetic
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
60. Allenisinhishousealonelateatnightwhenhehearsaloud,frighteningnoise.Hisheartbeginspounding,his sensessharpen,andhismusclestenseup.Allen'sreactionisduetotheactivityofhis______nervoussystem.
a. sympathetic c. somatic
b. parasympathetic d. central
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
61. Lensitsdowntorelaxinhiseasychairafteralong,harddayatwork.Ashesitsreadinghispaper,hegrows morerelaxed.Hisbreathingandheartrateslowdown,andhismusclesloosen.Len'srelaxationisduetothe activityofhis______nervoussystem.
a. sympathetic c. somatic
b. parasympathetic d. central
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
62. Whenwerelax,the______deceleratestheheartrate.
a. pons
c. parasympatheticnervoussystem
b. cerebellum d. righthemisphere
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
63. Duringprocessesthatreplenishenergyreserves,suchasdigestion,______. a. neitherthesympatheticnortheparasympatheticdivisionsareactive
2018, 2014, 2011, 2008
b. thesympatheticdivisionismostactive
c. theparasympatheticdivisionismostactive
d. boththesympatheticandparasympatheticdivisionsareequallyactive
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
64. Whenweareanxiousorfearful,______.
a. neitherthesympatheticnortheparasympatheticdivisionsareactive
b. thesympatheticdivisionismostactive
c. theparasympatheticdivisionismostactive
d. boththesympatheticandparasympatheticdivisionsareequallyactive
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
65. Eachhemisphereofthecerebrumisdividedinto______lobes.
a. two c. six b. four d. eight
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
66. Thevisualprocessingareaofthecortexliesinthe______lobe.
a. frontal c. temporal b. parietal d. occipital
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
67. Theoccipitallobeisprimarilyinvolvedinprocessing______.
a. sensationsoftouchandpain c. auditorystimuli
b. musclecontrol d. visualstimuli
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
68. Susanwasinaseriouscaraccidentandlosthervisionasaresultoftheinjuriesshesustained. Susanmayhave suffereddamagetoher______.
a. amygdala c. occipitallobe b. prefrontalcortex d. temporallobe
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
69. Susanwasinaseriouscaraccidentandlostherabilitytocomprehendconsequencesofheractionsasaresultof theinjuriesshesustained. Susanmayhavesuffereddamagetoher______.
a. amygdala c. occipitallobe
b. frontalcortex d. temporallobe
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
70. Susanwasinaseriouscaraccidentandlosthersenseoffearasaresultoftheinjuriesshesustained. Susanmay havesuffereddamagetoher______.
a. amygdala c. occipitallobe
b. prefrontalcortex d. temporallobe
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
71. Susanwasinaseriouscaraccidentandlostherhearingasaresultoftheinjuriesshesustained. Susanmay havesuffereddamagetoher______.
a. amygdala c. occipitallobe
b. prefrontalcortex d. temporallobe
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
72. Susanwasinaseriouscaraccidentandlosthersenseoftouchasaresultoftheinjuriesshesustained. Susan mayhavesuffereddamagetoher______.
a. parietal c. occipitallobe
b. prefrontalcortex d. temporallobe
ANSWER:A
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Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
73. Theauditoryareaofthecortexliesinthe______lobe.
a. frontal c. temporal
b. parietal d. occipital
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
74. Mariaaccidentallycollidedwithatreewhileshewasskiingandsubsequentlylostsomeofherabilitytohear. Maria’saccidentmostlikelyresultedindamagetoher______.
a. temporallobe
b. occipitallobe
ANSWER:A
c. parietallobe
d. frontallobe
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
75. Theareaofthecortexinvolvedinskinsensationisthe______lobe.
a. frontal
b. parietal
ANSWER:B
c. temporal
d. occipital
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
76. Theparietallobeisinvolvedinprocessing______.
a. visualstimuli
b. auditorystimuli
ANSWER:D
c. musclecontrol
d. sensationsoftouch,temperatureandpain
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
77. Thesensoryareaofthe______lobereceivesmessagesfromskinsensorsalloverthebody.
a. parietal
b. temporal
ANSWER:A
c. frontal
d. occipital
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
78. EversinceJohnhadastroke,hemustbecarefulwhencookingonthestovebecausehecannotfeelhot temperaturesandhecouldburnhimself. MostlikelyJohnhassuffereddamagetohis______.
a. prefrontalcortex
b. frontallobe
ANSWER:C
c. parietallobe
d. temporallobe
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Applied
79. Theareaofthecortexmostinvolvedinmemory,speech,language,andthecontrollingofvoluntarymuscle responseisthe______lobe.
a. frontal
c. temporal b. parietal d. occipital
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
80. Theprefrontalcortexliesinfrontofthe______.
a. occipitallobe
c. motorcortex
b. parietallobe d. cerebellum
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
81. The______isinvolvedinhighermentalfunctionslikeuseoflanguage,problemsolving,andthought.
a. limbicsystem c. cerebellum
b. parasympatheticnervoussystem d. prefrontalcortex
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
82. Themotorcortexispartofthe______lobe.
a. frontal c. temporal b. parietal d. occipital
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
83. Unlikemanypsychologicaldisorders,Alzheimer’sdisease______.
a. involvesonlyoneareaofthebrain
b. requiresaninteractionbetweenbiologicalprocessesandenvironment
c. doesnotinvolvepersonalitychanges
d. iscausedchieflybybiologicalprocesses
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:47
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Conceptual
84. Thefieldofepigeneticsfocusesonhow_________.
a. environmentalfactorsinfluencegeneticexpression
b. geneticfactorsinfluenceunconsciousmotives
c. learningtheoriesaffectenvironmentalfactors
d. humanistictheoriesdetermineDNA
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:48
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Factual
85. Accordingtotheprinciplesofepigenetics,earlylifeexperiences,suchasstress,diet,sexualorphysicalabuse, andexposuretotoxicchemicals,maydetermine___________.
a. whethernewneuronsdevelopinthebrain
b. whethercertaingenesbecomeswitchedonorremaindormantlaterinlife
c. ifrepressedissuesmanifestthemselveslaterinadulthood
d. ifDNAispassedontothenextgeneration
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:48
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Conceptual
86. Usingtheirnewgeneticknowledge,scientistsaspiretosuccessfullytreatmentaldisordersby______.
a. blockingtheeffectsofharmfulordefectivegenes
b. developingpatchestodelivermedication
c. cloningnewborns
d. findingcompatibletissuedonors
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:48
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Conceptual
87. Asthedebateonepigeneticscontinues,theauthorsofyourtextbookofferafewkeypointstoconsider.Which ofthefollowingisoneofthosekeypoints?
a. Genesdictatebehavioraloutcomes.
b. Geneticfactorsmakeitacertaintythatcertainbehaviorsordisorderswilldevelop.
c. Multigeneticdeterminismaffectspsychologicaldisorders.
d. Geneticfactorsandenvironmentalinfluencedonotinteractwitheachotherindeterminingour vulnerabilitytoarangeofpsychologicaldisorders.
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:48
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Conceptual
88. Thedebateofheredityversusenvironmentisalsoknownas______. a. genesversusmeans c. bodyversussoul b. MendelversusDarwin d. natureversusnurture
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:48
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective
LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Factual
89. Formonozygotic(identical)twins,ifonetwindevelopsschizophrenia,theoddsthattheothertwinwillalso developschizophreniaareabout______percent.
a. 25 c. 75
b. 50 d. 100
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:47
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Factual
90. Thecontemporaryviewofthenature-nurturedebateisbestexpressedintermsof______.
a. neithernaturenornurture
b. nature,notnurture
c. nurture,notnature
d. natureandnurtureactingtogether
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:49
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Conceptual
91. Natureequalsthingslike______whereasnurtureequalsthingslike______.
a. genetics;genes
b. theenvironment;yourfamily
c. yourfamily;yourintelligence
d. yourparents’genes;theenvironmentsyouareraisedwithin
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:49
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Conceptual
92. AccordingtoFreud,unconsciousmotivesandconflictsrevolvearound______.
a. adriveforself-actualization
b. primitivesexualandaggressiveinstincts
c. learnedmotives
d. irrationalthinking
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:49
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
93. AccordingtoFreud,abnormalbehaviorpatternsrepresentsymptoms________________.
a. indicatingthattheindividualisoverwhelmedbynegativeenvironmentalstimuli
b. resultingfromaphysiologicalbreakdownintheneuralpathwaysofthecerebralcortex
c. indicatingthatthesufferersconsciouslyuseillnesstomanipulateothersintopayingattentionto them
d. ofdynamicstrugglestakingplacewithintheunconsciousmind
© 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education,
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:49
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
94. WhichofthefollowingisoneofthethreestructuresoftheminddescribedbyFreud?
a. Theconscious c. Thesuperego
b. Thepostconscious d. Thelibido
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
95. Aregionofthemindthatcorrespondstoone’spresentawarenessiscalled______.
a. conscious c. superego
b. superconscious d. hypothalamus
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
96. Freudpostulatedawarenessofourbasicurgeswouldresultin______.
a. insight c. anxiety
b. depression d. catharsis
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective:2.3
Skill:Conceptual
97. AccordingtoFreud,thepartofthemindthatislargelyhiddenandcanonlybebroughtintoawarenesswith greatdifficulty,ifatall,isthe______.
a. conscious c. preconscious
b. superconscious d. unconscious
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
98. AccordingtoFreud,thepartofthemindthatcanonlybebroughtintoawarenessindirectly,isthe______.
a. conscious c. preconscious
b. superconscious d. unconscious
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
99. AccordingtoFreud,thepartofthemindthatonecanalwaysbeawareofis_____.
a. conscious c. preconscious
b. superconscious d. unconscious
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
100.Freud’sstructuralhypothesisproposesthatthepersonalityisdividedinto______mentalentities.
a. two
c. four
b. three d. five
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
101.Freudiantheorystatesthattheonlypsychicstructurepresentatbirthisthe______.
a. id c. ego
b. superego d. persona
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
102.AccordingtoFreud,the______followsthepleasureprinciple.
a. id c. ego b. superego d. persona
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
103.Aninfantdemandsinstantgratificationofitsneedswithoutconsiderationofsocialcustomsortheneedsof others.Theinfantisrespondingtothe______principle.
a. survival c. Oedipal
b. reality d. pleasure
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
104.InFreudianterms,the______isthepartofthemindwherewecanfindmemoriesthatwearenotawareof,but canbebroughtintoourawarenessbyfocusingonthem. a. conscious
b. latentconscious
c. subconscious d. unconscious
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
105.Moralstandardsandvaluesofachild'sparentsandotherimportantpeopleinhisorherlifebecomeinternalized during______.
a. adolescence
b. latechildhood
ANSWER:C
c. middlechildhood
d. earlychildhood
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
106.Freudproposedthatachild'smoralstandardsbecomeinternalizedthroughtheformationofthe______.
a. id
b. ego
ANSWER:C
c. superego
d. alter-ego
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
107.WhichFreudianconstructendeavorstosatisfycravingswithoutoffendingmoralstandards?
a. ego
b. superego
ANSWER:A
c. id
d. fixation
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
108.Rachel’sboyfriendispressinghertohavesex;herparentshavebroughtheruptobelievethatpremaritalsexis wrong. Assheweighsoutherdecision,Rachelfrequentlythinksofwhatherparentshavetaughther.Basedon Rachel’sthoughts,whichFreudianpsychicstructureappearstobeinfluencingherdecision?
a. id c. superego
b. ego d. persona
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
109.Freudbelievedweprotectourselvesfromallowingsociallyunacceptablewishesorimpulsesthatwouldbe inconsistentwithourmoralvaluesorsocialresponsibilitiesfromrisingintoconsciousawarenessthroughthe useof______.
© 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008
a. responsesets
b. defensemechanisms
ANSWER:B
c. secondaryprocessthinking
d. primaryprocessthinking
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
110.Theegousesdefensemechanismsto______.
a. preventsociallyunacceptabledesiresfromreachingtheunconsciouspartsofthemind
b. preventsociallyunacceptabledesiresfromrisingintoconsciousness
c. mobilizethebodytofightofforrunawayfromanexternalthreat
d. preventthesuperegofromthwartingiddesires
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
111.Themostbasicdefensemechanismis______.
a. regression
b. repression
ANSWER:B
c. denial
d. rationalization
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
112.Defensemechanismsinvolveadynamicstrugglebetweenthe______.
a. egoandtheconscience
b. egoandthesuperego
ANSWER:D
c. idandthepleasureprinciple
d. idandtheego
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
113.Peoplecanremainoutwardlycalmandcontrolledwhiletheyinwardlyharbormurderousorlustfulimpulsesof whichtheyareunawarethroughFreudiandefensemechanismknownas______.
a. regression
b. projection
ANSWER:D
c. identification
d. repression
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
114.Freudnotedthatslipsofthetongueandordinaryforgetfulnesscanrepresenthiddenmotivesthatarekeptoutof consciousnessby______.
a. repression
b. displacement
c. denial
d. sublimation
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
115.Theuseofjustifications,orexcuses,forunacceptablebehaviorisaformofself-deceptionthatiscalled______.
a. projection
b. sublimation
ANSWER:D
c. reactionformation
d. rationalization
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
116.Amanexplainshischeatingonhisincometaxesbysaying,“Everyonedoesit,andbesidesthegovernment stealsfrommeeveryweek”isusingthedefensemechanismof______.
a. rationalization
b. projection
ANSWER:A
c. reactionformation
d. identification
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
117.Awomanwhohasbeenreprimandedatworkbyherbossandquietlyacceptshiscriticism.Shelateryellsather childrenwithoutprovocationfromthem.Thedefensemechanismsheisusingis______.
a. projection
b. displacement
ANSWER:B
c. sublimation
d. regression
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
118.Thedefensemechanismwhereoneimposesone'sownunacceptableimpulsesorwishesontoanotherpersonis ______.
a. projection
b. displacement
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
c. sublimation
d. reactionformation
119.Asexuallyfrustratedwomaninterpretsinnocentglancesfromothersassexualadvances.Herdefense mechanismis______.
a. rationalization
b. reactionformation
ANSWER:D
c. displacement
d. projection
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
120.Adoptingpublicbehaviorsthataretheextremeoppositeofone'sgenuinedesiresinordertokeepthosedesires repressediscalled______.
a. displacement
c. reactionformation
b. sublimation d. denial
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
121.Aconservativemanwhocannotaccepthisownsexualdesiresbeginsahighlypublicizedcrusadetostampout pornography.Hisdefensemechanismis______.
a. repression
b. reactionformation
ANSWER:B
c. projection
d. displacement
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
122.Acollegestudentwitha"D-"averagetellsherparentsthatschoolisgoingwellandrefusestoadmittoherself thatshemightfail.Herdefensemechanismis______.
a. denial
b. repression
ANSWER:A
c. sublimation
d. reactionformation
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
123.Thechannelingofunacceptableimpulsesintopositive,constructivepursuitsiscalled______.
a. sublimation c. reactionformation
b. displacement d. projection
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
124.Freudarguedthat______arethedominantfactorsinthedevelopmentofpersonality,evenamongchildren. a. securityneeds c. sexualdrives b. self-actualizingtendencies d. cognitivestyles
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
125.Theword______isprobablyclosestinpresent-daymeaningtowhatFreudmeantbysexuality.
a. lust
b. infatuation
ANSWER:C
c. sensuality
d. stimulation
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
126.AccordingtoFreud,thebasicdrivetopreserveandperpetuatelifeiscalled______.
a. libido
b. Eros
ANSWER:B
c. thanatos
d. self-actualization
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
127.AccordingtoFreud,libidinalenergyisexpressedthrough______.
a. theego
b. thesuperego
ANSWER:D
c. aggression
d. sexualpleasure
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
128.Freudbelievedthatsexualenergyisexpressedthroughsexualpleasureindifferentbodypartscalled______ zones.
a. subduction
c. Oedipal b. transference d. erogenous
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective:2.3
Skill:Conceptual
129.Freudproposedseveralstagesof______development.
a. cognitive
c. psychosexual
b. moral d. psychosocial
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
130.ForFreud,thestagesofhumandevelopmentare______innature.
a. familial c. regressive
b. psychosexual d. creative
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
131.ThecorrectchronologicalorderofFreud'sstagesofdevelopmentis______.
a. anal,oral,phallic,latency,genital c. oral,anal,genital,latency,phallic b. anal,oral,latency,phallic,genital d. oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
132.TheFreudianstagesofhumandevelopmentcorrespondtothetransferof______fromone______toanother.
a. libidinalenergy;erogenouszone c. anxiety;psychicstructure b. eros;libido d. knowledge;areaofthemind
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
133.Maryisababyandlikestoputeverythingshetouchesintohermouthtosuckonitorbiteonit.Accordingto Freud,sheisinthe______stage.
a. anal c. latency
b. oral d. phallic
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
134.Thephallicstagegenerallybeginsduringthe______yearoflife.
a. second c. fourth b. third d. fifth
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
135.TheconflicthypothesizedbyFreudinwhichlittleboyssexuallydesiretheirmothersandwishtoeliminatetheir fathersiscalledthe______.
a. Electracomplex c. Oedipuscomplex
b. Odysseuscomplex d. Thanatoscomplex
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective
LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
136.TheconflicthypothesizedbyFreudinwhichlittlegirlssexuallydesiretheirfathersandwishtoeliminatetheir mothersiscalledthe______.
a. Electracomplex
b. Odysseuscomplex
ANSWER:A
c. Oedipuscomplex
d. Thanatoscomplex
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
137.AccordingtoFreud,sexualdrivesdiminishandchildren’sinterestsbecomemoredirectedtowardschooland playactivitiesduringthe______stage.
a. oral c. phallic
b. latency d. genital
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
138.InFreud’stheory,maturesexualityemergesonlyduringthe______stage.
a. oral c. genital b. latency d. phallic
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
139.AccordingtoFreud,toolittleortoomuchgratificationatanystagecanleadto______.
a. resistance c. counter-transference
b. fixation d. transference
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
140.Seanisa38-year-oldmanwhosuffersfromalcoholism,smokes,overeats,andbiteshisnails.Freudwouldmost likelysaythatSeanisfixatedinthe______stageofdevelopment.
a. anal c. latency
b. oral d. phallic
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
141.Orallyfixatedadults,accordingtoFreud,maytendtobecomesocially______.
a. isolated
c. gregarious
b. dependent d. angry
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
142.Ingeneral,contemporarypsychodynamictheoristsbelievethatone’sbehaviorisareflectionof______.
a. consciousmotivation
b. unresolvedlongingsfortheoppositesexparent
c. defensiveresponsestoanxiety
d. basicinstinctssuchassexandaggression
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
143.ToJung,theaccumulatedexperiencesofhumankindarepasseddowngeneticallythroughthegenerationsinthe ______.
a. personalunconscious
b. anima
ANSWER:D
c. animus
d. collectiveunconscious
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
144.Theideaofa“collectiveunconscious”ismostcloselylinkedtothethinkingof______.
a. CarlJung c. AlfredAdler
b. ErikErikson d. KarenHorney
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
145.AccordingtoJung,thecollectiveunconsciouscontainsprimitiveimages,or______,reflectsuponthehistoryof ourspecies.
a. ancestralschemas
c. archetypes
b. personalconstructs d. socialconstructs
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
146.Mythicalimagessuchastheall-powerfulGod,theyounghero,thenurturingmother,thewiseoldman,andthe evildemonareexamplesofwhatJungcalled______.
a. ancestralschemas c. archetypes b. personalconstructs d. socialconstructs
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
147.Thetheoristcreditedwithdevelopinganalyticalpsychologywas______. a. EricErikson c. KarenHorney b. AlfredAdler d. CarlJung
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
148.AlfredAdlerbelievedthatpeoplewerebasicallydrivenby______.
a. thesexualinstinct c. basicanxiety b. aninferioritycomplex d. psychosocialmotives
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
149.AccordingtoAdler,feelingsofinferiorityduetophysicaldeficitscanleadtothedevelopmentofapowerful ______.
a. needforsecurity c. identitycrisis b. setofdefensemechanisms d. driveforsuperiority
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
150.AccordingtoAdler,theself-awareaspectofourpersonalitythatstrivestoovercome obstaclesanddevelopour individualpotentialiscalled______. a. theself-actualizingtendency c. theegoideal b. thepersona d. thecreativeself
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
151.Adlershiftedtheemphasisofpsychodynamictheoryfromthe______. a. egototheid c. idtothesuperego b. egotothesuperego d. idtotheego
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
152.Adler'spsychologicaltheoryhasbeentermed______. a. analyticalpsychology c. individualpsychology b. egopsychology d. client-centeredpsychology
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
153.WhichofthefollowingtermsismostcloselyassociatedwiththethinkingofKarenHorney? a. Thecollectiveunconscious c. Aninferioritycomplex b. Basicanxiety d. Egoidentity
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
154.KarenHorneystressedtheimportanceof______inthedevelopmentofemotionalproblems. a. psychosocialdevelopment c. parent-childrelationships b. psychosexualdevelopment d. aninferioritycomplex
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
155.HeinzHartmannwasoneoftheoriginatorsof______. a. analyticalpsychology c. egopsychology b. individualpsychology d. client-centeredpsychology
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
156.UnlikeFreud,Hartmannwouldnotattributeachoiceofacareerinartto______. a. sublimation c. reactionformation b. repression d. displacement
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
157.Anotedpsychologistarguesthattheegoisthedominantpartofpersonalityanditscognitivefunctionscanbe
freeofconflict.Itiscapableofmakinggrowth-orientedchoicessuchasseekinganeducation,dedicating oneselftoartorpoetry,orfurtheringthegoodofhumanity,andthesechoicesaremorethansimplydefensive formsofsublimation.Thispsychologist'sviewsareMOSTsimilartothoseof______.
a. HeinzHartmann
b. CarlJung
ANSWER:A
c. SigmundFreud
d. E.L.Thorndike
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
158.ErikEriksonattributedmoreimportancetochildren's_____thantounconsciousprocesses.
a. socialrelationships
b. moralmaturity
ANSWER:A
c. cognitivedevelopment
d. sexualmaturity
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
159.Erikson'stheoryofdevelopmentdiffersfromFreud'sinthatitclaimsthatmentaldevelopment______.
a. iscompletebyagesix
b. iscompletebypuberty
ANSWER:D
c. iscompletebyyoungadulthood
d. continuesthroughoutlife
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
160.AccordingtoErikson,thegoalofadolescenceisthedevelopmentof______.
a. physicalmaturity
b. genitalsexuality
ANSWER:C
c. egoidentity
d. self-actualization
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
161.Thepsychodynamictheorywhichfocusesonhowchildrencometodevelopsymbolicrepresentationsof importantothersintheirlives,especiallytheirparents,iscalled______.
a. psychoanalysis
b. object-relationstheory
ANSWER:B
c. egopsychology
d. Gestalttheory
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
162.ForMargaretMahler,thekeytopersonalitydevelopmentis______. a. socialrelationshipswithpeers c. separationfromthemother b. cognitivedevelopment d. someone’sstyleofcopingwithguilt
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
163.MargaretMahlerismostcloselyassociatedwith______theory.
a. psychoanalysis
b. object-relationstheory
ANSWER:B
c. individualpsychology
d. Gestalttheory
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
164.Whichofthefollowingtheoristsismostcloselyassociatedwithobject-relationstheory?
a. HeinzHartman
b. MargaretMahler
ANSWER:B
c. HarryStackSullivan
d. KarenHorney
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
165.Theprocessofintrojectionwasmostcrucialtothetheoryof______.
a. ErikErickson
b. AlfredAdler
ANSWER:D
c. CarlJung
d. MargaretMahler
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
166.Freudbelievedthattheunderlyingconflictsinpsychologicaldisorders______.
a. hadchildhoodorigins
b. hadadolescentorigins
ANSWER:A
c. werelearnedinadulthood
d. disappearedbyadulthood
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
167.AccordingtoFreud,whentheidbreakscompletelythroughtoconsciousnessandtheegoisnolongerableto keepalidonitsurges,______results.
a. compulsiveness
b. neurosis
ANSWER:C
c. psychosis
d. psychopathicbehavior
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
168.AccordingtoFreud,whentheidleaksthroughtoconsciousnessandtheegoaddressestheseurges,______ results.
a. compulsiveness c. psychosis
b. neurosis d. psychopathicbehavior
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
169.Asevereformofdisturbedbehaviorcharacterizedbyimpairedabilitytointerpretrealityanddifficultymeeting thedemandsofdailylifeis______.
a. neurosis c. catharsis
b. symbiosis d. psychosis
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
170.Harlansuffersfrombizarrehallucinationsanddelusionsofpersecutioninwhichhebelievesdemonsare tormentinghim.Heoftenbabblesaimlesslyandcontortshisbodyintogrotesquepositions,claimingthedemons aredoingittohim.FreudwouldarguethatHarlanhas______.
a. aneurosis
b. apersonalitydisorder
ANSWER:C
c. apsychosis
d. anexcessoffreeassociation
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
171.ForFreud,psychologicalhealthwasrelatedto______.
a. theabilitiestoloveandwork
b. differentiationoftheself
c. compensationforfeelingsofinferiority
d. positiveoutcomesofresolvinglifecrises
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
172.ForbothJungandAdler,psychologicalhealthwasrelatedto______.
a. theabilitiestoloveandwork
b. differentiationoftheself
c. compensationforfeelingsofinferiority
d. positiveoutcomesofresolvinglifecrises
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
173.Adler,butnotJung,feltthatpsychologicalhealthwasrelatedto______.
a. theabilitiestoloveandwork
b. differentiationoftheself
c. compensationforfeelingsofinferiority
d. positiveoutcomesofresolvinglifecrises
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
174.Maureenisfeelingincreasinglyanxious. HertherapistsuggeststoMaureenthatshehasnotpsychologically separatedherselffromhermother. Maureen’stherapistmostlikelyagreeswiththetheoriesof______.
a. ErikErickson
b. KarenHorney
ANSWER:D
c. CarlJung
d. MargaretMahler
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Applied
175.Whichofthefollowingistrueofpsychodynamictheory?
a. Psychodynamictheoryfailstoadequatelyaccountfortheeffectsofsexualandaggressive impulses.
b. Theimpactofpsychodynamictheorywaslimitedtothelate19thcenturyandcontributedlittleto modernviewsofpsychologicaldisorders.
c. Freud’sideasofchildhoodsexualitywerebothilluminatingandcontroversial.
d. Freud’stheoryincreasedawarenessthatpeoplemaybemotivatedbyaninnatedriveforselfactualization.
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
176.WhichofthefollowingisacriticismofFreud'stheory?
a. ManyofFreud’sconceptscannotbescientificallyprovedordisproved.
b. Freudunderemphasizedtheimportanceofunconsciousprocessesonbehavior.
c. Freudoveremphasizedtheroleofsocialrelationshipsinshapingpersonality.
d. Freudplacedtoomuchemphasisonearlychildhoodexperiencesinthedevelopmentof personality.
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
177.Thefirstmajorpsychologicaltheoriesofabnormalbehaviorwere______.
a. phenomenologicaltheories c. organictheories b. behavioraltheories d. psychodynamictheories
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
178.AccordingtoFreud,psychologicalhealthisequatedwith___________.
a. beingabletoobtainappropriatereinforcementfromtheenvironment
b. emotionaldifferentiationfromthemother
c. havingtheabilitytoloveandwork
d. beingabletoforgiveandforget
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
179.TheAmericanpsychologistwhoisknownasthe"fatherofbehaviorism"is______.
a. JohnB.Watson
b. B.F.Skinner
ANSWER:A
c. WilliamJames
d. CarlRogers
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
180.Thebehavioralperspectiveviewsabnormalbehavioras______.
a. symptomaticofunderlyingpsychologicalproblems
b. symptomaticofunderlyingbiologicalproblems
c. theincurableresultofaperson'sgeneticallyinheritedtraits
d. learnedinmuchthesamewayasnormalbehavior
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
181.Whichofthefollowingwouldabehaviortherapistattributeabnormalbehaviorto?
a. Failuretoresolvefeelingsofinferiority
b. Failuretoestablishadistinctiveandindividualidentity
c. Neglectfulorabusiveparents
d. Conflictsbetweentheidandsuperego
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
182.Whichofthefollowingscientistsisassociatedwithbehaviorism?
a. JohnB.Watson
b. AbrahamMaslow
ANSWER:A
c. AlfredAdler
d. CarlRogers
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
183.Thelearningperspectiveviewsabnormalbehavioras__________________.
a. beingsymptomaticofunderlyingbiologicalproblems
b. developingfromunresolvedunconsciousconflict
c. theproblemitself
d. stemmingfromsocietalproblems
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
184.In______conditioning,conditionedandunconditionedresponsesareelicitedbystimuli.
a. operant
b. classical
ANSWER:B
c. introjective
d. reactive
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:57
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
185.IvanPavlovlivedfrom______.
a. 1849-1936
b. 1921-2003
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
c. 1801-1837
d. 1967-present
186.Ascientistringsabelljustpriortopresentingmeattothedogsinhislaboratory.Afterseveralpairings,thedogs beginsalivatingwhenthebellisrung,evenwhennomeatispresented.Inthisstudy,themeatisthe______.
a. unconditionedstimulus c. conditionedstimulus b. unconditionedresponse d. conditionedresponse
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:57
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
187.Ascientistringsabelljustpriortopresentingmeattothedogsinhislaboratory.Afterseveralpairings,thedogs beginsalivatingwhenthebellisrung,evenwhennomeatispresented.Inthisstudy,thebellisthe______.
a. unconditionedstimulus c. conditionedstimulus
b. unconditionedresponse d. conditionedresponse
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:57
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
188.Alittleboyisallowedtoplaywithalaboratoryratandshowsnofearofit.Then,ascientistmakesascarynoise bybanginganironbarwheneverthelittleboyreachesfortherat.Soon,theboybeginscryingwhenevertherat comesnearhim.Inthisstudy,thescarynoiseisthe______.
a. unconditionedstimulus
b. unconditionedresponse
ANSWER:A
c. conditionedstimulus
d. conditionedresponse
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:58
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
189.Alittleboyisallowedtoplaywithalaboratoryratandshowsnofearofit.Then,ascientistmakesascarynoise bybanginganironbarwheneverthelittleboyreachesfortherat.Soon,theboybeginscryingwhenevertherat comesnearhim.Inthisstudy,theboy'sfearoftheratisthe______.
a. unconditionedstimulus
c. conditionedstimulus
b. unconditionedresponse d. conditionedresponse
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:58
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
190.Flinchingatthesoundofthedentist'sdrillasyouaresittinginthedentalofficewaitingroomisanexampleof ______.
a. classicalconditioning
b. operantconditioning
ANSWER:A
c. cue-controlleddesensitization
d. negativereinforcement
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:57
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
191.Ashleyisridingonanelevatorwhenthelightssuddenlygooffandtheelevatorstops,trappingherinside. After anhour,electricityisrestoredandAshleyisabletosafelyexittheelevator. Ashleysubsequentlyrefusestoride onanelevatorbecausesheis“afraid.” Ashley’sfearistheresultof______. a. psychodynamicconditioning c. classicalconditioning b. negativereinforcement d. aversiveconditioning
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:57
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
192.Anexampleofadisorderthatmaybeacquiredthroughclassicalconditioningis______. a. bipolardisorder c. obsessivecompulsiveanxietydisorder
b. hysteria d. phobia
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:57
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective:2.4
Skill:Factual
193.The“LittleAlbert”studywasimportantbecauseitdemonstratedthatafearresponsein______.
a. animalscouldbeclassicallyconditioned b. animalscouldbeoperantlyconditioned c. humanscouldbeclassicallyconditioned d. humanscouldbeoperantlyconditioned
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:58
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
194.Inthe“LittleAlbert”study,an11-month-oldboywastaughttofeararatthrough______.
a. observationallearning c. cognitiveretraining
b. classicalconditioning d. operantconditioning
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:58
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
195.In______conditioning,organismslearntoemitbehaviorsbecauseofthebehavior'sconsequences. a. operant c. aversive b. classical d. reactive
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:58
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective:2.4
Skill:Factual
196.Thepersonmostcloselyassociatedwithoperantconditioningis______.
a. Watson c. Pavlov b. Skinner d. Bandura
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:58
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
197.Changesintheenvironmentthatincreasethefrequencyoftheprecedingbehaviorarecalled______. a. operants c. reinforcers b. stimuli d. fixations
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
198.Astimulusoreventthatincreasesthefrequencyoftheresponsethatitfollowsiscalled______. a. anunconditionedresponse c. anunconditionedstimulus b. punishment d. positivereinforcement
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
199.Ascientistgivesaratafoodpelleteverytimeitpressesabar.Thisisanexampleof______. a. positivereinforcement c. classicalconditioning b. negativereinforcement d. aversiveconditioning
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
200.Reinforcersthat,whenintroduced,increasethefrequencyoftheprecedingbehavior,arecalled______ reinforcers.
a. manifest c. negative b. positive d. latent
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
201.Amotherrepeatedlycomestoherson’sroomandnagshimaboutcleaninghisroom. Whentheboycleanshis room,themotherstopsnagging.Thisisanexampleof_______________.
a. positivereinforcement c. punishment b. negativereinforcement d. aversiveconditioning
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
202.Theterms“positivereinforcement”and______areusedinterchangeably. a. “response” c. “reward” b. “negativereinforcement” d. “improvement”
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
203.Stimulithatincreasethefrequencyofabehaviorwhentheyareremovedarecalled______.
a. positivereinforcers c. punishers
b. negativereinforcers d. aversiveconditioners
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
204.Fredsleepssoundly. Hisalarmmakesaloudbeepingnoiseeverymorningat7:00AM. Fredgettingoutofbed andturningoffthealarmisanexampleof____________.
a. positivereinforcement c. punishment
b. negativereinforcement d. aversiveconditioning
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
205.Painfuloraversivestimulithatdecreaseorsuppressthefrequencyoftheprecedingbehaviorareknownas ______.
a. positivereinforcers c. extinguishers
b. negativereinforcers d. punishments
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
206.Accordingtoyourtext,whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingpunishmentistrue?
a. Punishmentencouragestheindividualtobemoreattentiveinmostlearningsituations.
b. Punishmentmaygenerateangerandhostilityratherthanconstructivelearning.
c. Punishmenteliminatesundesirablebehaviorratherthansuppressingit.
d. Punishmentreinforcestheindividual’sabilitytounderstandandwillingnesstoengagein appropriatebehavior.
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
207.Accordingtothebehaviorists,“normal”oradaptivebehaviorinvolveslearningbehaviorsthatallowusto _______positivereinforcersandto______negativereinforcers.
a. obtain;obtain c. seekout;negotiate
b. obtain;avoid d. value;disregard
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
208.Whichofthefollowingpersonshascontributedtothedevelopmentofsocial-cognitivetheory?
a. AlbertBandura c. HeinzHartmann
b. CarlRogers d. HarryStackSullivan
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
209.AlbertBanduralived___________.
a. 1925-Present
c. 1888-1939
b. 1903-1976 d. 1932-1999
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
210.Social-cognitivetheoristsexpandedthetraditionallearningtheorybyintroducingtheconceptof_________.
a. negativereinforcement c. attention
b. modeling d. positivereinforcement
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
211.Social-cognitivetheoristsemphasizetheroleof______andmodelinginshapingpersonality. a. biologicalinfluences c. classicalconditioning b. self-actualization d. thinking
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
212.Theprocessofacquiringnewbehaviorsandknowledgebyimitatingothersiscalled______. a. conditioning c. modeling b. abreaction d. implementing
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
213.Alearning-basedtheorythatemphasizesobservationallearningandincorporatesrolesforcognitivevariablesin determiningbehavioris______.
a. Gestalttheory c. social-cognitivetheory b. humanistictheory d. socioculturaltheory
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
214.Whichofthefollowingconceptswouldbeimportanttoasocial-cognitivetheorist?
a. self-actualization c. expectancies
b. unconsciousconflicts d. inheritedtraits
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
215.Personalbeliefsaboutoutcomesofengaginginparticularbehaviorsarecalled______. a. expectancies c. encodingstrategies b. competencies d. antecedents
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
216.Frank’sfatherwasacriminalandspentconsiderabletimeshowingFrankhowtobreakintodifferentkindsof locksanddoorsasachild.Laterinlife,Frankalsobecomesacriminal. Whosetheoryoflearningwouldbest explainFrank’sbehavior?
a. Pavlov c. Watson b. Skinner d. Bandura
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
217.Gloriagoestoatherapistfortreatmentofhertestanxiety.Hertherapistsaysthathertestanxietyisalearned reactiontotheextremedemandsforachievementplacedonherbyherparentswhileshewasgrowingup.The therapistsaysthatGloriacanlearntocorrecther testanxietybylearningtorelaxintest-takingsituations. Gloria'stherapistisusingthe______modeloftreatment.
a. psychoanalytic c. behavioral b. humanistic d. sociocultural
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
218.Behaviortherapyisalsoreferredtoas a. behaviormodification. b. expectancyawareness. c. cognitivetherapy. d. classicalconditioning.
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
219.Whichifthefollowingisatherapeuticapproachthathasevolvedfromthelearningperspective?
a. behaviormodification
b. catharsis
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
c. activelistening
d. learningstylesteaching
220.Whichofthefollowingisacriticismoflearningmodelsofbehavior?
a. Learningmodelshavenotputenoughemphasisonmeasuringobservablebehaviors.
b. Behaviorismcannotexplaintherichnessofhumanexperience.
c. Learningtheoristsdonotapplyscientificprinciplesintheirunderstandingofbehavior.
d. Learningmodelsdonotpayadequateattentiontotheinfluenceavailablereinforcementinthe individual’senvironment.
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
221.Whichmodelofpsychologyemphasizesthepersonalfreedomspeoplehaveinmakingconsciouschoices?
a. Psychodynamicmodel c. Cognitivemodel
b. Behavioralmodel d. Humanisticmodel
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:61
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
222.Humanisticpsychologyemergedasamajorforceinpsychologyinthe______century.
a. late19th c. mid-20th b. early20th d. late20th
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:61
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
223.AleaderofthehumanisticmovementinAmericanpsychologywas______. a. AlbertEllis c. B.F.Skinner b. CarlRogers d. AlbertBandura
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:61
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective
LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
224.CarlRogerslivedfrom______.
a. 1902-1987
b. 1908-1970
ANSWER:A
c. 1880-1932
d. 1967-present
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:61
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
225.AbrahamMaslowlivedfrom______.
a. 1902-1987
b. 1908-1970
ANSWER:B
c. 1880-1932
d. 1967-present
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
226.Accordingtothehumanists,ifanindividualisabletorecognizehisfeelingandneedswhilebeingtrueto himself,heisliving________.
a. freeofneuroses
b. aliferichwithreinforcement
c. anego-integratedlife
d. authentically
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
227.Accordingtohumanisticpsychologists,thetendencytostrivetobecomeallthatwearecapableofbecomingis called______.
a. self-potentiation
b. transcendentalreformation
ANSWER:C
c. self-actualization
d. catharsis
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
228.Marygoestoatherapistfortreatmentofhertestanxiety.ThetherapisthelpsMaryfindherownexplanationof heranxietyandfocusesonhowvariouseventsinherlife,suchashertestanxiety,havekeptherfrombecoming self-actualized.Mary'stherapist’sapproachtotreatmentismostlikelytohavebeeninfluencedbythetheories of______.
a. SigmundFreud
b. AlbertEllis
ANSWER:D
c. HarryStackSullivan
d. AbrahamMaslow
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Applied
229.Humanisticpsychologistsattempttounderstandabnormalbehaviorby___________________.
a. evaluatingthepositivereinforcementavailabletopeopleintheworld
b. attemptingtounderstandtheindividual’ssubjectiveexperienceandhisexperiencesofbeing“in theworld”
c. analysesofunconsciousdrivesandmotivesthatpeoplepossess
d. evaluatingtheinteractionofbiologicalinheritanceandenvironmentalrewards
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Applied
230.ForRogers,achild’sdistortedself-conceptcancomefromparents’______.
a. unconditionalpositiveregard
b. favoritismofonesiblingoveranother
c. conditionalpositiveregard
d. qualifiednegativeregard
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Conceptual
231.Whenparentsonlyacceptchildreniftheybehaveinanapprovedmanner,theyareshowingtheirchildren ______.
a. unconditionalpositiveregard c. lowself-esteem
b. conditionalpositiveregard d. unrealisticself-ideals
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Applied
232.Childrenwhoseethemselvesasworthwhileonlywhentheybehaveincertainapprovedwayshavedeveloped ______,accordingtoRogers.
a. negativeself-efficacy c. unconditionalpositiveregard b. reactivedepression d. conditionsofworth
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Applied
233.AccordingtoRogers,parentshelpchildrendevelopself-esteemandself-actualizewhentheyshowthem ______.
a. unconditionalpositiveregard c. conditionsofworth b. conditionalpositiveregard d. strictrulesanddiscipline
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Conceptual
234.AccordingtoRogers,whenparentsacceptchildrenashavingintrinsicworthregardlessoftheirbehaviorata particularmomentintime,theyareshowingthem______.
a. unconditionalpositiveregard c. perceivedself-efficacy
b. conditionalpositiveregard d. unrealisticself-ideals
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Conceptual
235.Paulvisitsatherapistfortreatmentofhisdepression.HistherapisthelpsPaulrecognizethathisdepression arisesfromhisfailuretomeetvariousconditionsofworthinternalizedfromhisinteractionswithhisparents duringchildhood.Throughoutthetherapyprocess,Pauldiscoversanddevelopshisownuniquepotential.Paul's therapistmostresembles______inhistherapeuticapproach.
a. Beck c. Hartmann b. Rogers d. Horney
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Applied
236.Rogers’smethodofpsychotherapyiscalled______.
a. person-centeredtherapy c. rational-emotivebehaviortherapy
b. logotherapy d. Gestalttherapy
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
237.Accordingtothetext,thehumanisticmodel’sprimarystrengthandpossiblyitsprimaryweaknessisits______. a. naiveté c. ignoringofdefensemechanisms b. focusonconsciousexperience d. failuretodevelopaspecifictherapeuticmethodology
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Conceptual
238.Whichofthefollowingisastrengthorcontributionofhumanisticpsychology?
a. Itdevelopedevidence-basedtherapymethodstohelppeopleself-actualize.
b. Itfocusesonunconsciousrepressedimpulses.
c. Itbroughttheconceptsoffreechoice,inherentgoodness,responsibility,andauthenticitytothe attentionofmodernpsychology.
d. Themovementresultedintheformulationofvalidandtestableconceptsandtheories.
© 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
239.Acognitionismostsimilarto______.
a. anemotion
c. anurge
b. athought d. anexperience
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
240.Theoristswhofocusonabnormalthoughtpatterns,attitudes,andexpectationsassociatedwithabnormal behaviorare______theorists.
a. psychodynamic
c. Gestalt
b. humanistic d. cognitive
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
241.Whichscientificfielddocognitivepsychologistsborrowconceptsfrominexplaininghowhumanprocess informationandhowtheprocessesmaybreakdown?
a. Neurobiology
b. Chemistry
c. Computerscience
d. Physics
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
242.Accordingtocognitivepsychology,information______isbasedontheindividual’ssensoryandperceptual processes.
a. input c. manipulation
b. storage
ANSWER:A
d. retrieval
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
243.Accordingtocognitivepsychology,“manipulation”referstothewayinwhichinformationis______.
a. perceived
b. stored
c. interpretedorprocessed
d. retrieved
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
244.Accordingtocognitivepsychology,theprocessbywhichinformationisinterpretedorprocessedisreferredto as______.
a. output
b. manipulation
ANSWER:B
c. storage
d. retrieval
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
245.Cognitivetheorydefinesplacinginformationinmemoryas______.
a. input
b. repression
ANSWER:C
c. storage
d. awareness
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
246.Maggiesuffersfromdepression.Sheappearstofocusonthingsthatarenotgoingwellandoftenciteshow eventsinherlifeareproofthatsheisafailure. Forexample,sheconsidereda“B”onarecentcalculusexamto bea“failure”andfeelsthegradesupportsherbeliefthatshewillneverbesuccessful.Maggie’sinterpretation andmanipulationofeventswouldbedescribedasa(n)_________byacognitivetherapist.
a. inputerror
b. cognitivedistortion
c. conditionofworth
d. retrievalproblem
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
247.Ifapersonhasdifficultyrememberinginformationtheyonceknew,acognitivepsychologistwouldsaythe difficultywasduetoaproblemwith______.
a. retrieval
b. output
ANSWER:A
c. input
d. manipulation
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
248.Cognitivepsychologistsdefineaccessinginformationfrommemoryas______.
a. manipulation c. retrieval b. storage d. input
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
249.Cognitivetheorydefinesactingoninformationas______.
a. input c. manipulation b. output d. retrieval
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
250.AlbertEllisandAaronBeckaremostcloselyassociatedwith______psychology. a. sociocultural c. humanistic b. psychodynamic d. cognitive
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
251.Whousedthe“ABCapproach”toexplainthecausesofmisery?
a. J.B.Watson
c. IvanPavlov
b. AlbertEllis d. AaronBeck
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
252.Whoproposeddepressionresultsfromcognitivedistortions?
a. J.B.Watson c. IvanPavlov
b. AlbertEllis d. AaronBeck
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
253.Theviewthatabnormalityresultsfromfaultystorage,input,orretrievalofinformationiscentralto______ psychology.
a. eclectic c. Skinnerian b. cognitive d. humanistic
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
254.Cognitivepsychologistsviewpsychologicaldisordersasdisturbancesinwhichofthefollowingprocesses?
a. interpretingortransforminginformation
b. repressionoftraumaticexperiences
c. psychosexualdevelopment
d. neurotransmitterreuptake
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
255.Accordingtocognitivetherapists,errorsinthinkingareknownas______. a. cognitivemanipulations c. cognitivedistortions b. cognitiveencoding d. cognitivecatharsis
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
256.Social-cognitivetheorists,whosharemanyideaswithcognitivepsychologists,focuson______.
a. behaviorsingeneral
b. thewaysinwhichsocialinformationiselicited
c. thewaysinwhichsocialinformationisencoded d. thewaysinwhichbehaviorsaredemonstrated
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
257.Jackwasrecentlypassedoverforapromotionatwork. Hetellshiswifethatheisnotappreciatedatworkand hishardworkgoesunnoticed. Severalweekslater,Jack’sbossnoticesthatJackhasbeencomingtoworklate andleavingearly. Jackendsupgettingfired. AccordingtoEllis’ABCapproach,whichofthefollowingwould bethe“A”ofEllis’“A-B-C”paradigm?
a. Jackbeingpassedoverforapromotion. b. Jack’sfeelingthatheisnotappreciatedatwork. c. Jack’slatearrivalsandearlydeparturesfromwork. d. Jackendsupgettingfired.
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
258.Jackwasrecentlypassedoverforapromotionatwork. Hetellshiswifethatheisnotappreciatedatworkand hishardworkgoesunnoticed. Severalweekslater,Jack’sbossnoticesthatJackhasbeencomingtoworklate andleavingearly. Jackendsupgettingfired. AccordingtoEllis’ABCapproach,whichofthefollowingwould
bethe“B”ofEllis.“A-B-C”paradigm?
a. Jackbeingpassedoverforapromotion.
b. Jack’sfeelingthatheisnotappreciatedatwork.
c. Jack’slatearrivalsandearlydeparturesfromwork. d. Jackendsupgettingfired.
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
259.Jackwasrecentlypassedoverforapromotionatwork. Hetellshiswifethatheisnotappreciatedatworkand hishardworkgoesunnoticed. Severalweekslater,Jack’sbossnoticesthatJackhasbeencomingtoworklate andleavingearly. Jackendsupgettingfired. AccordingtoEllis’ABCapproach,whichofthefollowingwould bethe“C”ofEllis.“A-B-C”paradigm?
a. Jackbeingpassedoverforapromotion.
b. Jack’sfeelingthatheisnotappreciatedatwork.
c. Jack’slatearrivalsandearlydeparturesfromwork.
d. Jackendsupgettingfired.
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
260.AlbertEllisusesa(n)______approachtoexplainabnormalbehavior.
a. personalconstruct c. ABCapproach
b. self-actualization d. behavioral
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
261.InEllis’sABCapproach,Astandsfor______.
a. analyzingtherelevantexperience c. actualityofthecircumstance b. acutenessofthesituation d. activatingevent
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
262.InEllis’sABCapproach,Bstandsfor______.
a. beliefs c. behavioralcues b. borrowedfeelings d. blockages
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
263.InEllis’sABCapproach,Cstandsfor______.
a. catastrophe c. cognitions b. catalyst d. consequences
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
264.Jackwasrecentlypassedoverforapromotionatwork. Hetellshiswifethatheisnotappreciatedatworkand hishardworkgoesunnoticed. Severalweekslater,Jack’sbossnoticesthatJackhasbeencomingtoworklate andleavingearly. AccordingtoEllis’ABCapproach,whichofthefollowingwouldbethe“C”ofEllis’“A-BC”paradigm?
a. Jackbeingpassedoverforapromotion.
b. Jack’swifelisteningtohisconcerns.
c. Jack’slatearrivalsandearlydeparturesfromwork.
d. Jack’sfeelingthatheisnotappreciatedatwork.
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
265.ForEllis,thekeyfactorinabnormalbehaviorisaperson's______.
a. earlychildhood
c. genetichistory
b. conditionsofworth d. beliefs
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Conceptual
266.Ellisbelievesthatadoptionofirrationalbeliefscanleadpeopleto____________theirdisappointments,which canthenleadtoprofounddistressandstatesofdepression.
a. sensitize
b. rationalize
ANSWER:C
c. catastrophize
d. introject
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
267.______________developedrational-emotivebehaviortherapy(REBT). a. Beck c. Ellis b. Kelly d. Bandura
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
268.Philvisitsatherapistfortreatmentofhisdepression.Thetherapisttellshimthathisproblemsarisefromaseries ofirrationalbeliefsabouthimselfandaboutlifewhichhehasdevelopedovertheyears.Shesaysthatto overcomethedepression,Philmustreplacehisirrationalbeliefswithrationalself-talk.Phil'stherapistismost similarto______inthewaysheconceptualizeshisproblem.
a. Ellis
b. Sullivan
ANSWER:A
c. Skinner
d. Kelly
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
269.Rachelgoestoatherapistfortreatmentofhertestanxiety. Hertherapisttellsherthathertestanxietyresults fromself-defeatingattitudes,irrationalself-talk,andjudgingherselfentirelyonthebasisofherflawsrather thanherstrengths.Rachel'stherapistisusingthe______treatmentmodel.
a. psychoanalytic
b. cognitive
ANSWER:B
c. humanistic
d. sociocultural
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
270.Monicagoestoatherapistfortreatmentofhertestanxiety.Hertherapisttellsherthathertestanxietyresults fromself-defeatingattitudes,irrationalself-talk,andfaultycognitions.Monica'stherapisthasatreatment approachmostlike______.
a. AlbertEllis
b. AbrahamMaslow
ANSWER:A
c. CarlJung
d. CarlRogers
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
271.Whichofthefollowingtheoristsdevelopedtheconceptoffourbasiccognitivedistortionsthatcreateemotional distress?
a. KarenHorney
b. AlbertEllis
ANSWER:C
c. AaronBeck
d. AlfredAdler
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
272.Raulvisitsatherapistfortreatmentofhisdepression.Thetherapisttellshimhisproblemstemsfromaseriesof cognitiveerrorsanddistortionsinwhichheminimizeshissuccessesandpessimisticallyassumestheworst abouthisfuture.Raul'stherapistismostsimilarto______inthewaysheconceptualizeshisproblem.
a. Skinner
b. Beck
ANSWER:B
c. Bandura
d. Maslow
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
273.AccordingtoBeck,anindividualwhoviewstheworldinblack-and-whitetermswouldbeengagingin _________?
a. selectiveabstraction
c. magnification
b. overgeneralization d. absolutistthinking
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
274.Beckbelievesthatdepressionmayresultfrom___________.
a. neurotransmitterdysregulation
b. conditionsofworth
c. errorsinthinking
d. lackofpositivereinforcement
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
275.Ifastudentfocusesononemediocregradeandignoresallofherothergradeswhicharehigher,acognitive therapistwouldassertthatheremotionaldistressisdueto______.
a. selectiveabstraction c. magnification
b. overgeneralization d. absolutistthinking
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
276.Markisdistressedbecausehereceiveda“C”inhisEnglishclass. Althoughhehas“A’s”inallofhisother subjects,Markcontinuestofocusonhisoneaveragegradeandheismakinghimselfmiserable. Accordingto Beck,Mark’semotionaldistressisdueto______.
a. overgeneralization
b. magnification
ANSWER:C
c. selectiveabstraction
d. absolutistthinking
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
277.Darnellisdepressed.Heseeshisfutureashopelessbecausehehasbeenturneddownforonejob. Beckwould suggestthatDarnell’semotionaldistressisdueto______.
a. magnification
b. overgeneralization
© 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008
c. selectiveabstraction
d. absolutistthinking
ANSWER:B
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
278.Ifsomeoneoveremphasizesandexaggeratestheimportanceofanunfortunateevent,acognitivepsychologist wouldcontributetheiremotionaldistressto______.
a. absolutistthinking
c. selectiveabstraction b. overgeneralization d. magnification
ANSWER:D
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
279.Michaelviewstheworldinclearlydefinedterms. Forexample,behaviorsareeitherrightorwrong,onewinsor loses. Heisunabletoentertainamiddlegroundinanyofhisbeliefs. BeckwouldconsiderMichaeltobe engaginginthecognitivedistortionof______________.
a. absolutistthinking
c. magnification
b. selectiveabstraction d. overgeneralization
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
280.Amyseesherrejectionfromonejobinterviewasproofthatshewillneverbesuccessful. AccordingtoBeck, whichcognitiveerrorisAmymaking?
a. selectiveabstraction
b. magnification
ANSWER:D
c. absolutistthinking
d. overgeneralization
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
281.Amajorissueintermsoftheapplicationofcognitiveperspectiveis___________.
a. thefactthatbecausethesetherapymethodsfocusonthoughtprocesses,thetreatmentmayworsen psychologicaldisorderscharacterizedbydisorderedthinking
b. thetreatmentmethodsaretimeconsumingandexpensive
c. themethodshavesofarbeenlimitedintherangeofdisordersthattheyhavebeenusedtotreat d. traininginusingthemethodseffectivelyisdifficultfortherapiststoobtain
ANSWER:C
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
282.Cognitivetherapistshavelargelyfocusedon______.
a. treatmentofdepressionandanxiety
b. developmentoftreatmentapproaches
c. developmentofconceptualmodels
d. treatmentofschizophrenia
ANSWER:A
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Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
283.Socioculturaltheoristsseektounderstandcausesofabnormalbehaviorthatmaybeaccountedforbyfactors suchas____________.
a. ethnicity,gender,andsocialclass
b. thelimitedreinforcementavailableforindividualsinmodernsocieties
c. cognitivedistortions
d. psychosocialstagesofdevelopment
ANSWER:A
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Topic:TheSocioculturalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.7
Skill:Factual
284.AccordingtoradicalpsychosocialtheoristslikeThomasSzasz,______.
a. psychologicaldisordersormentalillnessdonotexist
b. mentalillnessisaresultofthehardshipsthatpeopleencounterinsociety
c. mentalillnessisduetothestressoflivinginafastpacedsociety
d. mentalillnessispurelyabiologicalphenomenon
ANSWER:A
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Topic:TheSocioculturalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.7
Skill:Factual
285.Whyisitimportanttotakeincomelevelorsocioeconomicstatusintoaccountwhencomparingdifferencesin ratesofparticulardisordersacrossethnicgroups?
a. Ethnicminoritygroupstendtobedisproportionallyrepresentedamonglowersocioeconomic statuslevels,andpeoplewithhouseholdincomesbelowthepovertylinestandanincreasedriskof developingvariouspsychologicaldisorders.
b. Ethnicminoritygroupstendtohavehighersocioeconomiclevelsthatareassociatedwithhigher riskofdevelopingpsychologicaldisorders.
c. Onlypeoplefromcertainethnicgroupswithahighlevelofsocioeconomicstatusdevelopcertain disorders,suchasdepressionandanxiety.
d. Schizophreniaoccursonlyamongcertainethnicgroupswhotendtohavehouseholdincomesnear thepovertyline.
ANSWER:A
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Topic:TheSocioculturalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.7
Skill:Conceptual
286.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,themostimpoverishedethnicgroupis______.
a. AfricanAmericans c. HispanicAmericans
b. NativeAmericans
d. AsianAmericans
ANSWER:B
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Topic:TheSocioculturalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.7
Skill:Factual
287.ComparedtootherethnicgroupsintheUnitedStates,thesuiciderateisaboutfourtimeshigheramong______.
a. maleAfricanAmericanadolescentsandyoungadults
b. femaleHispanicAmericanadolescents
c. elderlyCaucasianmales
d. NativeAmericanadolescentsandyoungadults
ANSWER:D
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Topic:TheSocioculturalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.7
Skill:Factual
288.Accordingtosocioculturaltheorists,thelinkagebetweenlowsocioeconomicstatusandseverebehavior problemsmaybeexplainedbythe______.
a. diathesis-stressmodel
c. downwarddrifthypothesis
b. theoryofself-actualization d. selectiveabstractiontheory
ANSWER:C
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Topic:TheSocioculturalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.8
Skill:Factual
289.Thediathesis-stressmodelwasoriginallydevelopedasanexplanatoryframeworkforunderstandingthe developmentof______.
a. personalitydisorders
b. dissociativeamnesia
ANSWER:D
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Skill:Factual
c. paranoia
d. schizophrenia
290.Thepsychologicalmodelwhicharguesthatabnormalbehaviorsareoftencausedbyacombinationof geneticallyinheritedvulnerabilitiesandvariouslifestressesisthe______model.
a. diathesis-stress
b. perceivedself-efficacy
ANSWER:A
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c. downwarddrifthypothesis
d. stressamplification
291.AswiththecaseofJessicadiscussedwithinthetext,recentresearchisshowing________influencesonthe developmentofbulimia.
a. onlyenvironmental c. onlyfood
b. onlypeer d. biological
ANSWER:A
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Topic:TheBiopsychosocialPerspective LearningObjective: 2.10
Skill:Factual
292.___________arehelpingprofessionalswhoholdadoctoraldegreeandhavecompletedgraduatetrainingthat preparesthemforcareersincollegecounselingandmentalhealthcenters. Theytypicallyservepeoplewitha milderrangeofpsychologicaldifficulties.
a. Clinicalpsychologists
b. Psychiatrists
c. Clinicalsocialworkers
d. Counselingpsychologists
ANSWER:D
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Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.11
Skill:Factual
293.Whichofthefollowinghelpingprofessionalshasearnedamedicaldegree?
a. Clinicalpsychologist
b. Psychiatrist
c. Counselor
d. Clinicalsocialworker
ANSWER:B
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Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.11
Skill:Factual
294.Bonnieisseeingatherapistwho,inadditiontotalkingwithher,writesaprescriptionforanantidepressantfor Bonnietouse. Bonnie’stherapistisa_____________.
a. Psychiatrist
b. Clinicalpsychologist
c. Counselingpsychologist
d. Clinicalsocialworker
ANSWER:D
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Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.11
Skill:Applied
295.Patrick’stherapistrecentlyadministeredaseriesofpsychologicalteststoPatrickashefeelsitwillhelpbetter identifyPatrick’sissues. WhattypeoftherapistisPatrickseeing?
a. Clinicalsocialworker
b. Counselor
c. Clinicalpsychologist
d. psychiatrist
ANSWER:C
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Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.11
Skill:Factual
296.Psychoanalystsaretypically____________and_______________.
a. Psychiatricnurses;undergonepsychoanalysisthemselves
b. Clinicalsocialworkersorlicensedprofessionalcounselors;haveundergonepsychoanalysisthemselves
c. Psychiatristsorpsychologists;haveundergonepsychoanalysisthemselves
d. Psychiatricnurses;undergonepsychoanalysisthemselves
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:71
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.11
Skill:Factual
297._________areregisterednurses(R.N.s)whohavecompletedamaster’sprograminpsychiatricnursing.
a. Nursepractitioners
b. Psychiatricnurses
c. Mentalhealthnurses
d. Physician’sassociates
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:71
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.11
Skill:Factual
298._________havetypicallycompletedamaster’sprograminacounselingfield.
a. Psychologists
b. Counselors
c. Mentalhealthnurses
d. Priests
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:71
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.11
Skill:Factual
299.Thefirstmodelofpsychotherapy,developedandnamedbyFreud,wascalled______.
a. psychodynamictherapy
b. realitytherapy
c. psychoanalysis
d. behavioralanalysis
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:72
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
300.Shantel,aclientofDr.Smith,enteredtherapytodealwiththedepressionsheexperiencessecondaryto childhoodabuse. Afterdiscussingthememoriesandpainassociatedwithherabuse,Shantel,whoistypically well-organizedandpunctual,recently“forgot”hertherapyappointment.IfDr.SmithusedaFreudianmodelin histreatment,hemightassumethatShantelisexhibiting____________.
a. resistance
b. catharsis
c. transference
d. unconsciousdislikeforhertherapist
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:73
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Applied
301.PsychodynamictherapyisaformofpsychotherapybasedontheFreudiantraditionthatseekstohelppeople gaininsightinto,andresolve:
a. faultythinkingpatterns.
b. irrationalbeliefs.
c. conflictsbetweenforceswithintheunconsciousmind.
d. problemswithacquiringpositivereinforcementfromtheenvironment.
ANSWER:C
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Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
302.Freudfeltthattheuseofthetechniqueof_____________intherapywouldallowtheclientto__________.
a. catharsis;cometotermswithpsychosexualurges
b. freeassociation;breakdowndefensesthatblockedawarenessofunconsciousprocesses
c. freeassociation;recognizefaultythinkingpatterns
d. catharsis;breakdowndefensesthatblockedawarenessofunconsciousprocesses
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:73
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
303.GeorgehasbeenseeingaFreudiantherapistforhistroubleswithanxiety. Hereportsthathistherapistbegins eachsessionbysaying“Tellmewhatevercomestomind.”George’stherapistisusingtheFreudiantechnique of____________.
a. dreamanalysis
b. cognitiverestructuring
c. freeassociation
d. anxietyreduction
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Pages:73
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
304.Freudianpsychotherapistsfeelthat______________,asituationwhereclientsmayreacttotheanalystwiththe samefeelingsofanger,love,orjealousytheyfelttowardtheirownparents,isessentialtothetherapeutic process.
a. dreaminterpretation
b. transference
c. freeassociation
d. countertransference
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:73
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
305.Dr.Wong,apsychoanalyst,istroubledbyhisfeelingstowardhisclient,Trudy. Trudyisareliableclientand workshardintherapy. However,Dr.WongfeelsintenseragewhenhemeetswithTrudyforhertherapy session. TrudyremindsDr.Wongofhismother,anindividualthatheharborsalotofresentmenttoward. In Freudiananalysis,theoccurrenceofDr.Wong’sfeelingsaboutTrudyarenotconsideredunusualandarecalled
a. transference
b. countertransference
c. libidinalintrojection
d. introspection
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:74
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Applied
306.Unliketraditionalpsychoanalysis,modernpsychodynamictherapiesfocusmoreonclients’____________.
a. presentrelationshipsandlessonsexualissues
b. dreamsandpastrelationshipswithone’sparents
c. outwardappropriateexpressionofchildhoodlonging
d. currentsexualissuesandpastgrief
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:74
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
307.Inmodernpsychodynamictherapy,therapistandclientsit__________andhavemorefrequent__________.
a. outofviewofeachother;periodsofsilence
b. face-to-face;verbalgive-and-take
c. face-to-face;periodsofsilence
d. outofviewofeachother;verbalgive-and-take
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:74
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
308.Somemodernpsychoanalysts,suchasMargaretMahler,____________approachestopsychodynamictherapy.
a. relymoreoncognitive
b. areidentifiedwithobject-relations
c. focusontheinterpretationofdreamsintheir
d. placegreateremphasisontheauthenticityoftheclientintheir
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:74
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
© 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008
Skill:Conceptual
309.Abehavioraltechniquecalled_________involvesatherapeuticprogramofexposureoftheclient(in imaginationorbymeansofpicturesorslides)toprogressivelymorefearfulstimuliwhileheorsheremains deeplyrelaxed.
a. cognitivethoughtstopping
b. behavioralanalysis
c. systematicdesensitization
d. gradualexposure
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:75
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
310.Jennyisworkingintherapyonherfearofflying. Jenny’stherapistinstructedJennytocreateaseriesofimages aboutflying(picturesofplanes,securitycheck-in,ticketcounter,etc.)andtorankthemformleastfearproducingtomostfear-producing.TheimagesJennyhasrankedare,intheparlanceofSystematic desensitization,called__________.
a. ahierarchyofneeds
b. acontrolledimagehierarchy
c. afear-stimulushierarchy.
d. afearimagegallery
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:76
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Applied
311.With_________procedures,peopleseekingtoovercomephobiasputthemselvesinsituationsinwhichthey engagefearfulstimuliinreal-lifeencounters.
a. gradualexposure
b. modeling
c. systematicdesensitization
d. flooding
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:76
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
312.AttheWillowRanchTreatmentCenter,therapistsseektoincreaseadaptivebehaviorbyrewardingresidents withpokerchipsforperformingappropriatebehaviorssuchasself-groomingandmakingtheirbeds.The residentsareabletoexchangethechipsforvariousprivileges;forexample,atriptothemovietheatre.In behaviortherapy,thispokerchipsystemwouldbecalled_____________.
a. atokeneconomy
b. ataskexchange
c. abehavioralhierarchy
d. areinforcementeconomy
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:76
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
313._________isabehavioralmethodusedinthetreatmentofsubstanceabuseproblemssuchassmokingand alcoholism.
a. Modeling
b. Aversiveconditioning
c. Flooding
d. Graduatedskillstraining
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:76
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
314.Duringtherapy,Humanistictherapistsoftenuse________—therestatingorparaphrasingoftheclient’s expressedfeelingswithoutinterpretingthemorpassingjudgmentonthem.
a. interpretation
b. mirroring
c. cognitiverestructuring
d. reflection
ANSWER:D
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Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
315.Whichofthefollowinggroupsrepresentsthefourbasicqualitiesorattributesthataneffectiveperson-centered therapistwouldpossess?
a. reflection,regard,empathy,andacceptance
b. integrityregard,patience,andempathy
c. unconditionalpositiveregard,empathy,genuineness,andcongruence
d. unconditionalpositiveregard,empathy,genuineness,andintegrity.
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:77
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
316.InHumanisticpsychotherapy,congruencerefersto_____________.
a. theabilityofthetherapisttotracktheclient’sconversation
b. howlike-mindedthetherapistandclientareintheirbeliefsystems
c. thehonestyoftheclient
d. thecoherenceorfitamongone’sthoughts,feelings,andbehaviors.
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:77
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
317.________believedthatnegativeemotionssuchasanxietyanddepressionarecausedbytheirrationalwaysin whichweinterpretorjudgenegativeevents,notbythenegativeeventsthemselves.
© 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008
a. CarlRogers
b. AbrahamMaslow
c. KarenHorney
d. AlbertEllis
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:77
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
318.Inwhichofthefollowingtherapiesdoesthetherapistsactivelydisputetheclients’irrationalbeliefsandthe premisesonwhichtheyarebasedinordertohelpclientsdevelopalternative,adaptivebeliefsintheirplace?
a. Rationalemotivebehaviortherapy
b. Client-centeredtherapy
c. Psychodynamictherapy
d. Mindfulness-basedtherapy
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:78
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
319.Cognitivetherapistslabelerrorsinthinkingas____________.
a. distortedinterpretation
b. cognitivedistortions
c. cognitiveerrors
d. distortedreality
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:78
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
320.Cognitivetherapistsfrequentlyassignbehavioralhomeworkfortheirclientstodooutsideofthetherapy session.Oneassignment,calledrealitytesting,hastheclient___________________.
a. writealistofcognitivedistortionsthatheorsheisawareofusing
b. interviewvariousindividualsabouttheirpersonalcognitivedistortions
c. totesttheirnegativebeliefsinlightofreality.
d. writedownalistofalternativethoughtstofocusoninsteadofthenegativebeliefs
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:78
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
321.Patriciaisadepressedwomanwhofeelsunwantedbyeveryone.Hertherapisthasaskedhertocalltwofriends onthephonetogatherdataaboutthefriends’reactionstothecallsandtoreportontheassignment:“Didthey immediatelyhangupthephone,ordidtheyseempleasedyoucalled?Doestheevidencesupporttheconclusion thatnoonehasanyinterestinyou?”Thistypeofbehavioralhomeworkiscalled___________.
a. behavioralcontracting
b. realitytesting
c. testingthedistortion
© 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008
d. playingthebelief
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:78
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
322.____________areusedbytherapiststoincorporateprinciplesandtechniquesfromdifferenttherapeutic orientationsthattheybelievewillproducethegreatestbenefitintreatingaparticularclient.
a. Biopsychosocialtherapies
b. Eclectictherapies
c. Existentialtherapies
d. Cognitivetherapies
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:79
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
323.Therapistswhopractice_________drawontechniquesfromdifferentschoolsoftherapywithoutnecessarily adoptingthetheoreticalpositionsthatspawnedthosetechniques.
a. technicaleclecticism
b. rationalemotivebehaviortherapy
c. integrativeeclecticism.
d. person-centeredtherapy
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:79
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
324.Aneclectictherapistmayusewhichofthefollowingtherapies?
a. Biopsychosocialtherapies
b. Cognitivetherapies
c. Existentialtherapies
d. Anyofthesetherapies
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:79
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
325.Infamilytherapy,participants_________________________.
a. learnwaysinwhichafamilycanhavefuntogether
b. resolvetheirconflictsandproblemssothefamilyfunctionsbetterasaunit
c. identifythefamilymemberthatiscreatingthemostdisruptiontothefamily
d. practicesocialskillsthatcanbetransferredtointeractionsoutsideofthefamily
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:80
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
326.Incoupletherapy,participants_________________________.
a. learnwaysinwhichacouplecanhavefuntogether
b. resolvetheirconflictsandproblemssothecouplefunctionsbetterasaunit
c. identifytheindividualwithinthecouplethatiscreatingthemostdisruption
d. practicesocialskillsthatcanbetransferredtointeractionsoutsideofthecouple
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:80
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
327.Therapistsevaluatetheeffectivenessoftherapybyaveragingtheresultsofalargenumberofstudiesto determineanoveralllevelofeffectiveness.Thismethodofinvestigatingtreatmenteffectivenessis called________.
a. naturalisticassessment
b. microanalysis
c. meta-analysis
d. quasi-experimentalanalysis
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:81
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.13
Skill:Factual
328.Areportof375controlledstudies,eachcomparingpsychotherapy(ofdifferenttypes,includingpsychodynamic, behavioral,andhumanistic)againstcontrolgroupsrevealedthat___________.
a. theaverageclientreceivingpsychotherapywasnobetteroffthan75%ofclientswhoremained untreated
b. theaverageclientreceivingpsychotherapywasbetteroffthan75%ofclientswhoremained untreated
c. clientsreceivingpsychotherapywerenotbetteroffthan25%thosenotreceivingtherapy
d. theaverageclientreceivingpsychotherapywasbetteroffthan40%ofclientswhoremained untreated
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:81
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.13
Skill:Factual
329.__________studiesspeaktotheissueofwhetherparticulartreatmentsworkbetterthancontrolprocedures undertightlycontrolledconditionsinaresearchlabsetting.
a. Efficacy
b. Effectiveness
c. Response-rate
d. Evidence-based
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:82
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.13
Skill:Factual
330.Empiricallysupportedtreatmentsarealsoreferredtoas______________.
a. efficacystudies
b. eclecticpractice
c. evidence-basedpractices
d. efficiencypractices
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:82
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.13
Skill:Factual
331.Whatisoneadvantageoftreatingpeoplewithpsychologicalconditionsinanonlinefashion?
a. Easierforbillingpractices.
b. Easiertokeepconfidentialinformation.
c. Canreachpeoplewhoavoidseekinghelpbecauseofembarrassment.
d. Canreachpeoplewithoutthemusingpublictransportation.
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:83
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.13
Skill:Factual
332.Sue(2010)arguesthatsubtleformsofdiscriminationcanbeevenmoredamagingtominorityclients because__________.
a. thesediscriminationsreinvigorateearlierexperienceswithdiscriminationandthusre-traumatize theclient.
b. clientsmayfearconfrontingthediscriminationoutoffearofretributionfromtheoffender
c. theyleavethevictimwithasenseofuncertaintyabouthowtorespond
d. theyleavethevictimwithasenseofpowerlessness
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:85
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Conceptual
333.Asiancultures___________whichmay________Asianclientsfromexpressingtheirfeelingsintherapy.
a. valueindividualcompetence;inhibit
b. discouragepublicexpressionofemotion;inhibit
c. valueauthenticityandwarmth;encourage
d. valueemotionalexpression;encourage
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:86
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Conceptual
334.CliniciansnotethatAsianclientsoftenexpresspsychologicalcomplaintssuchasanxietythrough__________.
a. thedevelopmentofphysicalsymptomssuchastightnessinthechestoraracingheart
b. withdrawalandsullenness
c. thedevelopmentofheadachesandfatigue
d. overeating
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:86
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Conceptual
335.MostHispanicAmericansubculturessharecertainculturalvaluesandbeliefs,suchas______________.
a. hardworkandpersonalstrength
b. familyandkinshipties,aswellasrespectanddignity
c. independenceandachievement
d. self-relianceandindividualism
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:86
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Conceptual
336.Psychologistsrecognizetheimportanceof___________mentalhealthprogramsforNativeAmericans.
a. medicalsupportforphysicalillnessesin
b. increasingclientawarenessofpsychologicaldisordersin
c. bringingelementsoftribalcultureinto
d. excludingtribalandtraditionalbeliefsfrom
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:87
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Conceptual
337.Latinosmaynotmakeuseofmentalhealthservicesbecausethey_____________.
a. lackknowledgeofmentaldisordersandhowtotreatthem
b. fearbeingstigmatizedwithintheirownculture
c. arebettereducatedthanmostculturesonthemanagementofpsychologicaldisorders
d. typicallyprefertoturntoreligiousbeliefsandprayerforassistancewithpsychologicaldifficulties
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:88
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Factual
338.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTatypicalbarrierforethnicminoritygroupsseekingtherapy?
a. Culturalmistrust
b. Location
c. Mentalhealthliteracy
d. Language
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:88
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Factual
339.Yourtextlistshowmanybarriersethnicminoritygroupsrunintowhenseekingtherapy?
a. 0. Therearenodifferencesbetweenethnicgroupsseekingmentalhealththerapy.
b. 2
c. 4
d. 6
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:88
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment
LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Factual
340.Peoplewhoregularlyuseantianxietydrugsreportthatanxietyorinsomniareturnsinamoresevereformonce theydiscontinuethedrugs.Thisphenomenoniscalled_____________.
a. reactiveanxiety
b. centralnervoussystemcrossfire
c. reboundanxiety
d. nervoussystemoverload
ANSWER:C
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:89
Topic:BiomedicalTherapies
LearningObjective: 2.15
Skill:Factual
341.Selectiveserotonin-reuptakeinhibitorsimpactserotoninlevelsinthebrainby_____________.
a. stimulatingthenucleusaccumbens
b. mimickingserotoninmolecules
c. causingsynapticvesiclesintheaxontoreleaselargeamountofserotonin
d. increasingtheavailabilityofserotoninbyinterferingwithreuptakebytransmittingneurons
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:89
Topic:BiomedicalTherapies
LearningObjective: 2.15
Skill:Factual
342.Whichofthefollowingdrugshelpstreatmanicsymptomsandstabilizemoodswingsinpeoplewithbipolar disorder?
a. Effexor
b. Lithiumcarbonate
c. Mellaril
d. Fluoxetine
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:90
Topic:BiomedicalTherapies
LearningObjective: 2.15
Skill:Factual
343.WhichofthefollowingpsychologicaldisordershasbeensuccessfullytreatedwithSelectiveSerotoninReuptakeInhibitors(SSRIs)?
a. Autismspectrum
b. Obsessive-compulsivedisorder
c. GenderDysphoria
d. Schizophrenia
ANSWER:B
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:90
Topic:BiomedicalTherapies
LearningObjective: 2.15
Skill:Factual
344.WhichofthefollowingpsychologicaldisordershasbeensuccessfullytreatedwithThorazine?
a. Autismspectrum
b. Obsessive-compulsivedisorder
c. GenderDysphoria
d. Schizophrenia
ANSWER:D
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:91
Topic:BiomedicalTherapies
LearningObjective: 2.15
Skill:Factual
345.Twoconcernsarepresentedinyourtextabouttheuseofelectroconvulsivetherapy(ECT). Theseconcernsare ________.
a. patientmemorylossfollowingECTandhighpatientsymptomrelapse
b. suicidalpatientbehaviorfollowingECT;patientfearofECT
c. riskofheartattackduringECTandpatientmemorylossfollowingECT
d. patientsymptomrelapserateandriskofpatientdevelopingpsychosisfollowingtreatment
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:91
Topic:BiomedicalTherapies
LearningObjective: 2.16
Skill:Conceptual
346.____________wasasurgicalprocedureusedtotreatpsychologicaldisordersbysurgicallyseveringnerve pathwayslinkingthethalamustotheprefrontallobesofthebrain.
a. Prefrontallobotomy
b. Cingulotomy
c. Electroconvulsivetherapy
d. Capsulotomy
ANSWER:A
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:91
Topic:BiomedicalTherapies
LearningObjective: 2.17
Skill:Factual
True-False Questions
347.Everyneuronhasacellbody.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective
LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
348.Neuralaxonscanextendseveralfeet.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:41
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
349.“Loose”neurotransmittersmaybebrokendowninthesynapsebyenzymes,orbereabsorbedbytheaxon terminalthroughaprocesstermedreuptake.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
350.Psychiatricdrugs,includingdrugsusedtotreatanxiety,depression,andschizophrenia,workbyaffectingthe availabilityofhormonesinthebrain.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
351.Neuralmessageselectricallyjumpacrossthesynapticcleftlikeaspark.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
352.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisassociatedwithreductionsinthelevelsoftheneurotransmitterserotonininthebrain.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
353.Acetylcholineisinvolvedinthecontrolofmusclecontractionsandformationofmemories.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
354.Thecerebellumcontainsthecerebralcortex.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
355.Auditorystimuliareprocessedinthetemporallobes.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
356.Visualstimuliareprocessedinthetemporallobes.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
357.Tactilestimuliareprocessedintheparietallobes.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
358.Olfactorystimuliareprocessedintheoccipitallobes.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:46
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
359.Geneticfactorscreateacertaintythatcertainbehaviorsordisorderswilldevelop.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:47
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Factual
360.Freud'spsychoanalytictheoryrepresentsacognitivemodelofmentalfunctioning.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:49
Topic:PsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
361.Freudlikenedthemindtoanimmenseiceberg,withonlythetiprisingintoconsciousawareness.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
362.Theegoistheonlypsychicstructureatbirth.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
363.Thesuperegoservesasthemoralguardianofpersonality.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
364.AdlerandJungbothbelievedthatself-awarenessplaysamajorroleinthedevelopmentofpersonality.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:53
Topic:The PsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
365.Adlerbelievedthatweallencounterfeelingsofinferioritytosomedegreeduetooursmallsizeduring childhood.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
366.WhereasFreud'sstagesofdevelopmentendwithearlyadolescence,Erikson'sstagesexplaindevelopment throughoutadulthoodandoldage.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:54
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
367.Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory,neurosesdevelopwhentheidbreaksthroughintoconsciousnessandtakes overpersonality.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
368.Freudequatedpsychologicalhealthwithabilitiestoloveandwork.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
369.BothAdlerandJungequatedpsychologicalhealthwithsuccessfullycompensatingforfeelingsofinferiority.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:55
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
370.ThelearningperspectivesofWatsonandSkinnerwerethefirstmajorpsychologicaltheoriesofabnormal behavior.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
371.Fromthebehavioralperspective,abnormalbehaviorissymptomaticofunderlyingbiologicalorpsychological problems.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
372.Behavioristsseeusasproductsofenvironmentalinfluencesthatshapeandmanipulateourbehavior.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
373.Classicalconditioningwasdiscoveredbyaccident.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:57
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
374.Punishmentmaysuppress,butdoesnoteliminateundesirablebehavior.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
375.Rewardingdesirablebehaviorisgenerallypreferabletopunishingmisbehavior.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
376.Social-cognitivetheoryisanexpansionofpsychodynamictheory.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
377.Oneoftheprinciplecontributionsoflearningmodelsistheiremphasisonobservablebehavior.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
378.TheHumanistsdefineself-actualizationastheneedforapersontostrivetobecomealltheyarecapableof being.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:61
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
379.Rogersbelievedthatparentshelpchildrenbecomemoresecureintheirsenseofselfwhentheyshowthem conditionalpositiveregard.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:62
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
380.Unlikethebehavioralperspective,thehumanisticperspectiveemphasizesthatpeoplehavelittleornofreewill.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:61
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
381.AccordingtoRogers,childrenmayacquireadistortedself-conceptthatmirrorswhatothersexpectthemtobe which,inturn,helpsthemtoliveauthentically.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:62
Topic:PsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
382.Thestrengthofhumanisticmodelsliesintheirfocusonunconsciouspsychologicalmaterial.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:62
Topic:PsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Factual
383.Manycognitivetheoristsareinfluencedbytheconceptsofcomputerscience.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:63
Topic:PsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
384.Accordingtoleadingcognitivetheorists,emotionaldistressiscausedbythebeliefspeopleholdaboutnegative lifeexperiences,notbytheexperiencesthemselves.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:63
Topic:PsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
385.“Howdoaperson’semotionalproblemsreflectadistortedself-image?”isanexampleofthetypeofquestiona researcherwhoinvestigatesthesocioculturalperspectivewouldask.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page: 63
Topic:PsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Factual
386.Adiathesisorpredispositionisusuallygeneticinnature,suchashavingaparticulargeneticvariantthat increasestheriskofdevelopingaparticulardisorder.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page: 69
Topic:BiopsychosocialPerspective LearningObjective: 2.9
Skill:Factual
387.Psychiatristsaremedicaldoctorswhospecializeinthediagnosisandtreatmentofemotionaldisorders.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page: 71
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.11
Skill:Factual
388.InFreudianconcepts,themanifestcontentofadreamistheunconsciousmaterialthedreamsymbolizesor represents.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page: 73
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
389.WithObject-RelationsTherapy,thetherapistfocusesonhelpingpeopleblendtheirownideasandfeelingswith elementsofsignificantotherstheyhaveincorporatedorintrojectedontothemselves.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page: 75
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
390.Thebehavioralconceptofmodelingassertsthatindividualslearndesiredbehaviorsbyobservingothers performingthem.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page: 76
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTreatment LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Factual
391.Meta-analysisisastatisticaltechniquewhichaveragestheresultsofalargenumberofstudiestodeterminean overalllevelofeffectiveness.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page: 81
Topic:EvaluatingtheMethodsofPsychotherapy LearningObjective: 2.13
Skill:Factual
392.Efficacystudiesexaminetheeffectsoftreatmentwhenitisdeliveredbytherapistsinreal-worldpractice settingswiththekindsofclients,therapistsnormallyseeintheirpractices.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page: 82
Topic:EvaluatingtheMethodsofPsychotherapy LearningObjective: 2.13
Skill:Factual
393.MindfulnessmeditationisawidelypracticedBuddhistformofmeditationusedwithsometherapies.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page: 86
Topic:MulticulturalIssuesinPsychotherapy LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Factual
394.AlthoughadequatelyfundedbytheIndianHealthServicedesignatedtoservetheirpopulation,Native Americansremainedunderservedinregionalmentalhealthprograms.
ANSWER:F
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page: 87
Topic:MulticulturalIssuesinPsychotherapy LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Factual
395.Financialburdensareoftenamajorbarriertouseofmentalhealthservicesbyethnicminorities.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page: 87
Topic:MulticulturalIssuesinPsychotherapy LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Factual
396.Antipsychoticdrugsareoftenreferredtoasneuroleptics.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page: 89
Topic:BiomedicalTherapies LearningObjective: 2.15
Skill:Factual
397.Lithiumcarbonatehasproventobeeffectiveinmanagingthepsychoticsymptomsofschizophrenia.
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page: 90
Topic:DrugTherapy LearningObjective: 2.15
Skill:Factual
398.Althoughmanynewpsychosurgerytechniquesappearpromising,thesafetyandeffectivenessofthese proceduresremainstobedemonstrated.Therefore,itisbesttoclassifythemasexperimentaltreatments
ANSWER:T
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page: 91
Topic:DrugTherapy LearningObjective: 2.17
Skill:Factual
Essay Questions
399.Describethestructureandfunctionsoftheneuronandexplainhowneuronscommunicatewitheachother.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:42
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
400.Brieflydescribethevariouspartsofthenervoussystem,explainingwhateachdoes.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:43
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
401.Describethestructuresofthebrainandtheirfunctions.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:44
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective
LearningObjective: 2.1
Skill:Factual
402.Summarizeresearchfindingsontheroleofgeneticsandenvironmentinthedevelopmentofpsychological disorders.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:47
Topic:TheBiologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.2
Skill:Factual
403.DescribethebasictenetsofFreud'spsychodynamictheory.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
404.DescribeFreud’sviewsonthestructureofpersonalityandthefunctionsofeachofthestructuresheproposed.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:50
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
405.Explainwhatdefensemechanismsareandforwhattheyareused.Also,identifyandgiveanexampleofatleast fiveofthedefensemechanismsproposedbyFreud.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:51
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
406.IdentifyandbrieflyexplaineachofFreud’sstagesofpsychosexualdevelopment.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:52
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Factual
407.DescribepsychodynamictheoriesofErikson,Jung,andMahler.HowarethesetheoristssimilartoFreudand wheredotheydepartfromFreud’sideas?
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:53
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
408.Evaluatethestrengthsandweaknessesofmodernpsychodynamictheory.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:56
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.3
Skill:Conceptual
409.Createascenariousingtheelementsofclassicalconditioninganddiscussexamplesofclassicalconditioningin
2014,
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:57
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Applied
410.Explaintheprinciplesofoperantconditioning,clarifyingthedifferencesamongpositivereinforcers,negative reinforcers,andpunishments,andprimaryandsecondaryreinforcers.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:58
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Factual
411.Howdoessocial-cognitivetheorydifferfromthebehavioraltheories?Whatroledoexpectancieshaveon behavior?
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
412.Reviewthepitfallsoftheuseofpunishmentinworkingwithothers. Whyisreinforcementconsideredabetter optionforbehaviorchange?
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:59
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
413.Listanddescribethemajorcriticismsoflearningmodels.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):1 Page:60
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.4
Skill:Conceptual
414.DescribeRogers’perspectiveonhowabnormalbehaviordevelops.Summarizethestrengthsandweaknessesof thehumanisticmodel.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:61
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.5
Skill:Conceptual
415.DiscusstheelementsofEllis’A-B-Capproachtoexplainingpsychologicalproblems.Createanexampleto illustratethisconceptusingandidentifyingallthreeelements(A-B-C)inyourillustration.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:64
Topic:ThePsychologicalPerspective LearningObjective: 2.6
Skill:Applied
416.Describethediathesis-stressmodel. Discusstheroleeachplaysinthedevelopmentofapsychologicaldisorder.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:69
Topic:TheBiopsychosocialPerspective LearningObjective: 2.9
Skill:Conceptual
417.Describewhatismeantbytheterm“eclectic”therapy. Whathasbeenlearnedaboutthistherapyanditsuse amongtherapists.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:79
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTherapy LearningObjective: 2.12
Skill:Conceptual
418.Reviewstudiesevaluatingtheeffectivenessofpsychotherapy. Summarizetheconceptofmeta-analysis.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:81
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTherapy LearningObjective: 2.13
Skill:Conceptual
419.Discusstheneedforclinicianstobesensitivetomulticulturaldifferencesandidentifyissuesspecifictothe followingcultures:AfricanAmerican,Asian,Hispanic,andNativeAmerican.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):3 Page:84
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTherapy LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Conceptual
420.Discussthesixbarrierstomentalhealthtreatmentexperiencedbyethnicminorities.
LevelofDifficulty(1-3):2 Page:87
Topic:PsychologicalMethodsofTherapy LearningObjective: 2.14
Skill:Factual
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS
EOC Q2.1
The control of muscle contractions and the formation of memories are linked to the neurotransmitter __________.
a) GABA
b) acetylcholine
c) serotonin
d) norepinephrine
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the major parts of the neuron, the nervous system, and the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.2
The nature (genes) versus nurture (environment) debate has shifted from one pitting nature against nurture to __________.
a) understanding that genes have an insignificant role in behavior
b) understanding that nature and nurture work together in explaining behavior
c) understanding that “nature” has the predominant role in behavior
d) recognizing the impact of exposure to environmental contaminants on gene expression and behavior
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.2 Evaluate biological perspectives on abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
EOC Q2.3
Brad is impulsive and self-indulgent and often gets into trouble but experiences little if any remorse afterwards. According to psychoanalytic theory, Brad possesses a strong __________ but a weak __________.
a) ego; superego
b) id; superego
c) id; libido
d) personality; ego
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the key features of psychodynamic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
EOC Q2.4
Dr. May uses __________ in his practice. He focuses on the study of how a person’s thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and attitudes can color and distort perceptions of reality.
a) sociocultural perspectives
b) cognitive models
c) biopsychosocial perspectives
d) humanistic models
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the key features of cognitive models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.5
In all classical conditioning situations, the neutral stimulus becomes the __________.
a) conditioned stimulus
b) unconditioned stimulus
c) conditioned response
d) unconditioned response
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the key features of learning-based models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.6
The belief that people have an inborn tendency toward self-actualization and that abnormal behavior results from a distorted self-concept is characteristic of __________.
a) social-cognitive theory
b) object-relations theory
c) sociocultural theory
d) humanistic theory
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the key features of humanistic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.7
Which ethnic group experiences the highest rates of alcoholism and the highest death rate due to adolescent suicide?
a) Native Americans
b) Hispanic Americans
c) Black Americans
d) Asian Americans
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.7 Evaluate ethnic group differences in rates of psychological disorders.
Skill Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
EOC Q2.8
The sociocultural perspective focuses on the role of __________ to provide a fuller understanding of abnormal behavior.
a) developmental differences
b) parenting practices
c) social stressors
d) cognitive interpretations
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.8 Evaluate the sociocultural perspective in our understanding of abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.9
A diathesis is usually ______________ in nature.
a) environmental
b) genetic
c) psychological
d) social or cultural
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.9 Describe the diathesis–stress model of abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
EOC Q2.10
Which of the following is an example of a cognitive factor that may contribute to bulimic behavior?
a) thinking in perfectionistic terms
b) irregularities in neurotransmitter activity
c) social pressures imposed on young women
d) relational conflicts within the family
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.10 Evaluate the biopsychosocial perspective of abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.11
Sean’s therapist has a medical degree (M.D.) and has been prescribing medication to Sean for anxiety. The type of therapist Sean is seeing is a __________.
a) psychiatric nurse
b) psychiatrist
c) clinical psychologist with specialized training in use of psychiatric medication
d) counseling psychologist with specialized training in use of psychiatric medication
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.11 Identify three of the major types of helping professionals and describe their training backgrounds and professional roles.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.12
Compared to traditional psychoanalysis, modern psychodynamic therapists focus more on __________ and less on __________.
a) unconscious processes; conscious processes
b) sexual issues; family conflicts
c) clients’ present relationships; sexual motives
d) the superego; the ego
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.12 Describe the goals and techniques of the following forms of psychotherapy: psychodynamic therapy, behavior therapy, person-centered therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, eclectic therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and couple therapy.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.13
Which of the following factors is associated with better psychotherapy treatment outcomes?
a) forming a positive alliance with the therapist early in the treatment process
b) the educational background of the therapist
c) having a therapist with 30 or more years of experience
d) the verbal skills of the therapist
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.13 Evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy and the role of nonspecific factors in therapy.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
EOC Q2.14
Which of the following statements is a reason members of racial and ethnic minority groups typically have less access to mental health care and receive lower quality care than other Americans?
a) Persistent threats of racism prevent many minorities from seeking the treatment they need.
b) A cultural-based unwillingness in minority groups to accept the presence of psychological disorders creates the disparity.
c) A disproportionate number of minority group members remain uninsured or underinsured, and thus cannot access care.
d) Minority care providers are limited in number. Most minorities would prefer being treated by someone of their own racial or cultural group.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.14 Evaluate the role of multicultural factors in psychotherapy and barriers to use of mental health services by ethnic minorities.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.15
Jack has been prescribed a benzodiazepine for treatment of his anxiety. Recently, he has been experiencing anxiety that is much worse than his initial anxiety. The intense anxiety occurs after he stops using the medication. The phenomenon Jack is experiencing is referred to as
a) systematic desensitization
b) countertransference
c) rebound anxiety
d) downward drift
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.15 Identify the major categories of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs and examples of drugs in each type, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
EOC Q2.16
Which of the following psychological disorders has electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) been most effective in treating?
a) antisocial personality disorder
b) depression
c) anxiety disorders
d) schizophrenia
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.16 Describe the use of electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery and evaluate their effectiveness.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q2.17
Modern psychosurgery techniques target smaller areas of the brain and have been used to treat __________.
a) schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, and major depression
b) obsessive–compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depression
c) social phobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and major depression
d) panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.17 Describe the use of psychosurgery and evaluate its effectiveness.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
EOC Q2.18
Which class of drugs is helpful in relieving symptoms of the disorder for which it was originally designed, along with other disorders such as panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and eating disorders?
a) antidepressants
b) antipsychotics
c) neuroleptics
d) mood stabilizers
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.18 Evaluate biomedical treatment approaches.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.1.1
The junction between a transmitting neuron and a receiving neuron is the __________.
a) receptor site
b) axon
c) dendrite
d) synapse
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the major parts of the neuron, the nervous system, and the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions.
Skill Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q2.1.2
The myelin sheath that is wrapped around the axon of some neurons __________.
a) speeds the transmission of neural impulses
b) is involved in nourishing the neuron
c) enhances the metabolic functioning of the neuron
d) creates the transmission of neural impulses
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the major parts of the neuron, the nervous system, and the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.1.3
Which lobe of the brain processes sensations such as touch, temperature, and pain?
a) occipital
b) parietal
c) frontal
d) temporal
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify the major parts of the neuron, the nervous system, and the cerebral cortex, and describe their functions.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.1.4
Malcolm’s mother has schizophrenia, as does his cousin. Malcolm fears he has inherited the “schizophrenic gene” and will develop schizophrenia. Which of the following statements best reflects current scientific understanding of the role of genetics in the likelihood of Malcolm developing schizophrenia?
a) Current research suggests that there is a cluster of genes that define whether or not an individual will develop schizophrenia.
b) Genetic factors create a predisposition or likelihood—not a certainty—that certain behaviors or disorders will develop.
c) The presence of a supportive father in the home will eliminate the possibility of Malcolm developing schizophrenia.
d) Proper nutrition and exercise can prevent the expression of schizophrenic genes.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.2 Evaluate biological perspectives on abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.1.5
According to epigenetic theory, environmental factors may lead to chemical processes in the body that “tag” certain genes for either activation or suppression but do not change the genetic code or DNA sequence itself. These “tags” may __________.
a) cause irreversible brain damage
b) trigger the expression of psychological difficulties in the individual but not his or her offspring
c) become part of the organism’s genetic inheritance that is passed along to offspring, affecting the workings of genes in future generations
d) serve to inoculate future generations from inheriting malignant traits
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.2 Evaluate biological perspectives on abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.2.1
A change in the environment that increases the frequency of the preceding behavior is called a(n) __________.
a) consequence
b) punishment
c) expectancy
d) reinforcer
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 2.4 Describe the key features of learning-based models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Remember
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.2.2
Analytical psychology, developed by __________, posits that we not only have a personal unconscious, but also a collective unconscious that contains archetypes that reflect the history of the species.
a) Carl Jung
b) Alfred Adler
c) Margaret Mahler
d) Karen Horney
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the key features of psychodynamic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.2.3
Which cognitive theorist proposed that cognitive distortions, such as judging oneself entirely on the basis of flaws and failures and interpreting events in a negative light, may lead to depression?
a) Aaron Beck
b) Albert Bandura
c) Albert Ellis
d) Carl Rogers
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.6 Describe the key features of cognitive models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q2.2.4
Michael exercises every day in order to channel his anger toward his boss into a healthy, appropriate pursuit. Michael is utilizing Freud’s defense mechanism of __________.
a) regression
b) displacement
c) sublimation
d) repression
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.3 Describe the key features of psychodynamic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.2.5
The role of conditional and unconditional positive regard in the development of one’s selfconcept is a key component in __________ therapy, developed by __________.
a) client-centered; Carl Rogers
b) behavior; Albert Bandura
c) rational-emotive; Albert Ellis
d) cognitive-behavioral; Aaron Beck
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the key features of humanistic models of abnormal behavior and evaluate their major contributions.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.3.1
An analysis of American ethnic group differences in rates of mental disorders revealed which of the following groups to have the highest prevalence rate of psychological disorders?
a) European Americans
b) Non-Hispanic Black Americans
c) Hispanic Americans
d) Asian Americans
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.7 Evaluate ethnic group differences in rates of psychological disorders.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.3.2
__________ often attribute problems, such as depression and alcoholism, to the collapse of their traditional culture brought about by colonization.
a) Hispanic Americans
b) Native Americans
c) Puerto Rican Americans
d) Asian Americans
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.7 Evaluate ethnic group differences in rates of psychological disorders.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q2.3.3
The __________ holds that people from lower socioeconomic groups are at greater risk of severe behavioral problems because living in poverty results in greater stress.
a) social causation model
b) downward drift hypothesis
c) diathesis–stress model
d) humanistic model
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.8 Evaluate the sociocultural perspective in our understanding of abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.3.4
Henry has been drinking alcohol excessively for the last 10 years. He lost his family and his job and is now homeless and depressed. Which of the following explains the link between Henry’s behavioral problems and his current low socioeconomic status?
a) downward drift hypothesis
b) negative reinforcement
c) pleasure principle
d) social causation model
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.8 Evaluate the sociocultural perspective in our understanding of abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.3.5
Compared to other Hawaiians, Native Hawaiians experience __________.
a) higher rates of alcoholism
b) lower rates of antisocial behavior
c) about the same rate of mental health problems
d) lower suicide rates
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.7 Evaluate ethnic group differences in rates of psychological disorders.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.4.1
The diathesis–stress model was originally developed as a framework for understanding __________.
a) schizophrenia
b) anxiety disorders
c) personality disorders
d) bipolar disorder
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.9 Describe the diathesis–stress model of abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q2.4.2
Dr. Moore takes a biological perspective when evaluating abnormal behavior. Dr. Moore is likely to ask which of the following questions?
a) What role is played by neurotransmitters in abnormal behavior?
b) How important are personal beliefs in the development of abnormal behavior patterns?
c) What role does the environment play in explaining abnormal behavior?
d) Are there gender or ethnic group differences in various disorders?
Answer: a
Learning Objective: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.4.3
The diathesis or predisposition in the diathesis–stress model is usually __________, but it can also take the form of a maladaptive personality trait.
a) genetic b) cognitive c) behavioral
d) social
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.9 Describe the diathesis–stress model of abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q2.4.4
Jennifer has a strong genetic predisposition for schizophrenia. According to the diathesis–stress model, Jennifer __________.
a) may develop the disorder even under benign life circumstances
b) will be unaffected by the stressors of everyday life
c) may develop depressive tendencies in response to a mild stressor
d) may show initial strong symptoms that will reverse after a short period of time
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.9 Describe the diathesis–stress model of abnormal behavior.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.4.5
Which of the following perspectives holds that some psychological disorders arise from social ills such as poverty, racism, and prolonged unemployment?
a) sociocultural
b) biological
c) humanistic
d) cognitive
Answer: a
Learning Objective: The Biopsychosocial Perspective
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.5.1
__________ is a statistical process which averages the results of a large number of studies to determine an overall level of effectiveness.
a) EST
b) Meta-analysis
c) Nonspecific factor analysis
d) Multiple regression
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 2.13 Evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy and the role of nonspecific factors in therapy.
Skill Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q2.5.2
Disputing irrational beliefs and replacing them with more rational ones is the primary goal of __________.
a) cognitive-behavioral therapy
b) humanistic, client-centered therapy
c) behavior therapy
d) rational emotive behavior therapy
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 2.12 Describe the goals and techniques of the following forms of psychotherapy: psychodynamic therapy, behavior therapy, person-centered therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, eclectic therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and couple therapy.
Skill Level: Understand Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.5.3
Frequent verbal give-and-take, engaging in open dialogue face-to-face, and the direct exploration of defenses and transference relationships are characteristics of __________.
a) behavioral therapy
b) cognitive therapy
c) modern psychodynamic therapy
d) humanistic therapy
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.12 Describe the goals and techniques of the following forms of psychotherapy: psychodynamic therapy, behavior therapy, person-centered therapy, cognitivebehavioral therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, eclectic therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and couple therapy.
Skill Level: Analyze Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.5.4
After Joe earned a doctoral degree in psychology he did a year-long internship and now specializes in diagnosing psychological disorders and practicing psychotherapy. Many of Joe’s clients have severe disorders. Joe is most likely a __________.
a) clinical psychologist
b) counseling psychologist
c) psychoanalyst
d) psychiatrist
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.11 Identify three of the major types of helping professionals and describe their training backgrounds and professional roles.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.5.5
An African American who enters therapy with a European American therapist who appears aloof, distant, and unresponsive to his or her life situation may well experience a barrier to effective mental health care called __________.
a) cultural mistrust
b) mental health illiteracy
c) institutional racism
d) lack of accessibility to health care services
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.14 Evaluate the role of multicultural factors in psychotherapy and barriers to use of mental health services by ethnic minorities.
Skill Level: Difficult
Difficulty: Apply
EOM Q2.6.1
Which of the following is most often used to treat manic symptoms and stabilize mood swings in people with bipolar disorder?
a) fluoxetine
b) phenelzine
c) lithium carbonate
d) methylphenidate
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 2.15 Identify the major categories of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs and examples of drugs in each type, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses.
Skill Level: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q2.6.2
One of the positive outcomes related to the use of antipsychotic drugs for persons with schizophrenia is __________.
a) the reduced need for more restrictive forms of treatment
b) increased rates of cure
c) less muscular rigidity and tremors
d) less dependency
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.15 Identify the major categories of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs and examples of drugs in each type, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.6.3
Fred has been taking Mellaril for treatment of his schizophrenia for the past twenty years. Recently he has developed a side effect to the medication that is characterized by uncontrollable eye blinking, facial grimaces, lip smacking, and other involuntary movements of the mouth, eyes, and limbs. Fred is most likely suffering from __________.
a) tardive dyskinesia
b) rebound anxiety
c) panic disorder
d) hallucinations
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.15 Identify the major categories of psychotropic or psychiatric drugs and examples of drugs in each type, and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
EOM Q2.6.4
To treat her severe depression, Tamara recently underwent electroconvulsive therapy. Tamara is likely at risk of developing __________.
a) memory loss for events occurring around the time of the treatment
b) blunted emotions for events right after the treatment
c) heightened emotions associated with events right before the treatment
d) memory loss for traumatic events early in life
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 2.16 Describe the use of electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery and evaluate their effectiveness.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
EOM Q2.6.5
The psychosurgery technique known as __________ was thought to control a person’s violent and aggressive tendencies by disconnecting the thalamus from the higher brain centers of the cerebral cortex.
a) electric shock therapy
b) ECT
c) deep brain stimulation
d) prefrontal lobotomy
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 2.17 Describe the use of psychosurgery and evaluate its effectiveness.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
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