Chapter 2
AccordingtoJamesMoor,taking“theethicalpointofview”means
a) abidingbyyourreligiousbeliefs.
b) decidingthatotherpeopleandtheircorevaluesareworthyofyourrespect.<
c) choosingtosacrificeyourowngoodforthegoodofsomeoneelse.
d) puttingself-interestabovetheinterestsofeveryoneelse.
e) refusingtoaccepthelpfromotherpeople.
Anassociationofpeopleorganizedunderasystemofrulesdesignedtoadvancethegoodofitsmembersover timeiscalleda
a) business.
b) constitution.
c) government.
d) monopoly.
e) society.<
Rulesofconductdescribingwhatpeopleoughtandoughtnottodoinvarioussituationsarecalled
a) denominations.
b) ideals.
c) morality.<
d) philosophy.
e) virtues.
Ethicsis
a) arationalexaminationofpeople’smoralbeliefs.
b) abranchofphilosophy.
c) onewaytodeterminewhichactivitiesare“good”andwhichare“bad.”
d) afieldofstudymorethan2,000yearsold.
e) Alloftheabove<
Arelativistclaimsthat
a) therearenouniversalmoralprinciples.<
b) moralityhasanexistenceoutsidethehumanmind.
c) moralityandlawareidentical.
d) thereisnosuchthingasfreewill.
e) Goddoesnotexist.
Ethicalobjectivismisbasedontheideathat a) therearenouniversalmoralprinciples.
b) moralityhasanexistenceoutsidethehumanmind.<
c) moralityandlawareidentical.
d) thereisnosuchthingasfreewill.
e) Goddoesnotexist.
Thedivinecommandtheoryisanexampleof
a) relativism.
b) ethicalobjectivism.<
c) ethicalegoism.
d) existentialism.
e) materialism.
Whichofthefollowingisanargumentinfavorofthedivinecommandtheory?
a) Thedivinecommandtheoryisnotbasedonreason.
b) Itisfallacioustoequate“thegood”with“God.”
c) Godisall-knowing.<
d) Somemoralproblemsarenotaddresseddirectlyinscripture.
e) TheBiblehascontradictorymoralteachings.
Ethicalegoismis
a) notbasedonreasonorlogic.
b) basedondetermininglong-termbeneficialconsequences.<
c) thedivinecommandtheorybyanothername.
d) Kantianismbyanothername.
e) utilitarianismbyanothername.
Whichofthefollowingisanargumentinfavorofethicalegoism?
a) EthicalegoismissupportedbyversesintheBible.
b) Peoplearenaturallyaltruistic.
c) Thecommunitycanbenefitwhenindividualsputtheirwell-beingfirst.<
d) Itisnottruethatpeoplenaturallyactintheirownlong-termself-interest.
e) Ethicalegoismtreatsallpersonsasmoralequals.
AccordingtoKant,oursenseof“oughtto”iscalled
a) necessity.
b) insecurity.
c) paranoia.
d) love.
e) dutifulness.<
AccordingtoKant,themoralvalueofanactiondependsupon
a) itsconsequences.
b) theunderlyingmoralrule.<
c) howcloselyitalignswithBiblicalteachings.
d) howcloselyitalignswiththelaw.
e) theextenttowhichitproduceshappiness.
AccordingtothesecondformulationoftheCategoricalImperative,
a) themoralworthofapersondependsuponthatperson’sactions.
b) onegoodturndeservesanother.
c) baddeedsshouldbepunished.
d) itiswrongforonepersonto“use”another.<
e) themoralworthofapersondependsuponthatperson’sintentions.
ThePrincipleofUtilityisalsocalled
a) theCategoricalImperative.
b) theDifferencePrinciple.
c) theGreatestHappinessPrinciple.<
d) theSocialContract.
e) theTenCommandments.
Twophilosopherscloselyassociatedwithutilitarianismare
a) JeremyBenthamandJohnStuartMill.<
b) ImmanuelKantandJeremyBentham.
c) ImmanuelKantandJohnStuartMill.
d) JohnStuartMillandJohnRawls.
e) Jean-JacquesRousseauandJohnRawls.
Utilitarianismisanexampleof
a) aconsequentialisttheory.<
b) thesocialcontracttheory.
c) anon-consequentialisttheory.
d) apracticalimplementationofthedivinecommandtheory.
e) arelativistictheory.
Theproblemofmoralluckisraisedasacriticismof a) thedivinecommandtheory.
b) actutilitarianism.<
c) ruleutilitarianism.
d) culturalrelativism.
e) Kantianism.
Utilitarianismdoesnotmean“thegreatestgoodofthegreatestnumber”because a) itisimpossibletocalculate“thegreatestgood.”
b) itfocusessolelyon“thegreatestgood”andpaysnoattentiontohow“thegood”isdistributed.<
c) somepeoplehavenomoralworth.
d) itisimpossibletomaximize“thegood”withoutruiningtheenvironment.
e) Alloftheabove
ThomasHobbescalledlifewithoutrulesandameansofenforcingthem
a) utopia.
b) anarchy.
c) democracy.
d) communism.
e) thestateofnature.<
Anearlyproponentofthesocialcontractwas
a) JeremyBentham.
b) JohnStuartMill.
c) Jean-JacqueRousseau.<
d) KarlMarx.
e) JohnBrown.
Arightthatanothercanguaranteebyleavingyoualonetoexercisetherightiscalled
a) apositiveright.
b) anegativeright.<
c) anabsoluteright.
d) alimitedright.
e) aproverbialright.
Arightthatisguaranteedwithoutexceptioniscalled a) apositiveright.
b) anegativeright.
c) anabsoluteright.<
d) alimitedright.
e) aproverbialright.
Theideathatsocialandeconomicinequalitiesmustbetothegreatestbenefitoftheleast-advantaged membersofsocietyiscalled
a) capitalism.
b) communism.
c) socialism.
d) utilitarianism.
e) thedifferenceprinciple.<
Modernwritersoftenrefertomoralvirtuesas a) intellectualvirtues.
b) philosophicalvirtues.
c) psychologicalvirtues.
d) socialvirtues.
e) virtuesofcharacter.<
Acharactertraitthatpreventsahumanbeingfromflourishingorbecometrulyhappyiscalleda
a) fatalattraction.
b) inversevirtue.
c) negativevirtue.
d) tragicflaw.
e) vice.<
AccordingtoAristotle,moralvirtueresultsfrom a) agoodeducation.
b) livingalonglife.
c) ahappymarriageandlovingfamily.
d) repetitionoftheappropriateacts.<
e) Alloftheabove.
AccordingtoAristotle,derivingpleasurefromavirtuousactisasignthatyou a) havedevelopedthevirtue.< b) havenotyetdevelopedthevirtue.
c) areegotistical.
d) arehedonistic.
e) havenotdoneenoughgooddeedslately.