Test Bank for Adolescence And Emerging Adulthood A Cultural Approach 6th Us Edition by Arnett

TOTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDE

Chapter 2 Biological Foundations

Topic Remember the Facts Understand the Concepts Apply What You Know Analyze It

The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal Changes and Physical Growth

The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity and Physical Functioning

Cultural Responses to Puberty

Social and Personal Responses to Puberty

MultipleChoice 1-4,11-14, 7-9 5,10,15

True/False 75-76 ShortEssay

MultipleChoice 17-19,22, 24-26,30 16,21,29,32 20,23,27-28, 31,33

True/False 77-78

ShortEssay

MultipleChoice 36-40,44 34-35,41,43, 45 42

True/False 79-881

ShortEssay 91

MultipleChoice 46,56-57, 61 49,54,58-60, 62,64-65 47-48,50-53, 55,63,66-67

True/False 82—85 86

MultipleChoice 69,73 68,70-71,74 72 True/False 88-90 87

ShortEssay 95

ShortEssay 94 93 92 Biological Development and the Environment:

The Theory of Genotype  Environment Effects

TB_02_01_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.1

Thephysicalandbiologicalchangesofpubertyresultfromchangesthatoccurinthe

a. endocrinesystem.

b. lymphaticsystem.

c. nervoussystem.

d. thyroidgland.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:38

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.endocrinesystem.

TB_02_02_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.1

Thetextlikensthephysicalchangesthebodygoesthroughatpubertytoa

a. biologicalrevolution.

b. hormonalstorm.

c. sociologycourse.

d. psychologicalrevolution.

Difficulty:1

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Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.biologicalrevolution.

TB_02_03_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.1

Inwhichofthefollowingpartsoftheanatomyispubertyinitiated?

a. gonads

b. testesandovaries

c. pituitarygland

d. hypothalamus

Difficulty:1

PageReference:39

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:d.hypothalamus

TB_02_04_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.1 WhatcausesthehypothalamustoincreaseGnRHproduction?

a. developmentofgametes

b. reachingathresholdlevelofbodyfat

c. increasingtestosteroneorestrogen

d. releasingluteinizinghormones

Difficulty:2

PageReference:39

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.reachingathresholdlevelofbodyfat

TB_02_05_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Apply_2.1

Accordingtothetext,therearemanyfactorswhichmayaffecttheonsetofpubertal changes.Whichscenariowouldmostlikelyleadtodelayedonset?

a. Leeisawrestlerwhoconstantlydietsandoverexercisestomaintainalower weightclass.

b. Jaredrideshisbikeoverroughterrainandcomeshomewithscrapesand bruises.

c. Gregplaysvideogamesafterschool,particularlygolf,anddoesn'tgooutsideto play.

d. Diannaovereatsanddoesn'texercisebutlovestowalkherdogafterschool.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:39

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.Leeisawrestlerwhoconstantlydietsandoverexercisestomaintaina lowerweightclass.

TB_02_06_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.1

Thetwoclassesofsexhormonesare

a. estrogensandestradiols.

b. androgensandtestosterones.

c. gonadotropinsandandrogens.

d. estrogensandandrogens.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:40

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:d.estrogensandandrogens.

TB_02_07_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Understand_2.1

Femaleistoestradiolasmaleisto

a. testosterone.

b. androgen.

c. estrogen.

d. glycoprotein.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:40

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:a.testosterone.

TB_02_08_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Understand_2.1

Whichstatementmostaccuratelyrepresentsthefeedbackloopintheendocrinesystem?

a. A"communicationsystem"betweenthehypothalamus,pituitarygland,gonads, andadrenalglandsthatmonitorsandadjuststhelevelsofsexhormones.

b. Ananomalyinsomeadolescentsthatcausespubertaldevelopmenttobe prolonged,andfertilitytobedecreased.

c. A"communicationsystem"betweenandrogensandestrogensthatdetermines thegenderofanindividual.

d. Astructurewithintheendocrinesystemthatcontrolstheorderofhormonaland pubertalevents.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:41

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:a.A"communicationsystem"betweenthehypothalamus,pituitarygland, gonads,andadrenalglandsthatmonitorsandadjuststhelevelsofsexhormones.

TB_02_09_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Understand_2.1

Whichtermiscommonlyusedtorepresentthefeedbackloopintheendocrinesystem?

a. answeringmachine

b. burglaralarm

c. thermostat

d. fridgelight

Difficulty:2

PageReference:41

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts Answer:c.thermostat

TB_02_10_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical

Growth_Apply_2.1

Atpuberty,thesetpointforandrogensrosehigherthanthesetpointforestrogensin Cory'shypothalamus.WhichofthefollowingisthemostlikelydescriptionofCory'ssex?

a. Coryismale.

b. Coryisfemale.

c. Corywilllikelybetransgenderduringadolescence.

d. Corymayhaveandrogeninsensitivitysyndrome.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:41

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.Coryismale.

TB_02_11_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.2

Theadolescentgrowthspurtis best demonstratedbytherapidincreasein

a. heightatthebeginningofadolescence.

b. hormoneproductionbeforepubertybegins.

c. heightinboysandweightingirlsatpuberty.

d. sizeofreproductiveorgansatpuberty.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:41

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.heightatthebeginningofadolescence.

TB_02_12_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.2

Theadolescentgrowthspurtoccursapproximately

a. thesametimeforboysandgirls.

b. twoyearsearlierforboysthanforgirls.

c. twoyearsearlierforboysandgirlsindevelopingbutnotindustrialized countries.

d. twoyearsearlierforgirlsthanforboys.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:42

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:d.twoyearsearlierforgirlsthanforboys.

TB_02_13_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.2

Whichofthefollowing best representstheoccurrenceoftheadolescentgrowthspurt?The growthspurtbegins

a. aboutthreeyearsearlierforgirlsthanforboys.

b. aboutthesametimeforgirlsandboys.

c. ataboutage11forgirlsand13forboys.

d. ataboutage11forboysand13forgirls. 3forboys.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:43

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:c.ataboutage11forgirlsand13forboys.

TB_02_14_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.2

Whichofthefollowing best definestheconceptofasynchronicity?

a. Girlsexperiencethegrowthspurtearlierthanboys.

b. Boys'bodypartsgrowinadifferentorderthanthoseofgirls.

c. Somebodypartsgrowfasterthanothersduringpuberty.

d. Theextremitiesarethelastbodypartstogrow.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:43

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical

Growth

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:c.Somebodypartsgrowfasterthanothersduringpuberty.

TB_02_15_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Apply_2.2

Sven,youradolescentnephew,tellsyouheisworriedthatheisnotnormalbecausehisfeet andhandsseemtobetoobigforhisbody.Whichofthefollowingisthe best advicefor Sven?

a. "Eatmorecalcium-richfoodssothatyourgrowthgetsbackontherighttrack."

b. "Everybodyhasdifferentsizedfeetandhands–yoursarejustbig."

c. "Thereisreasontoworry.Eachpersonhasauniquegrowthpattern,butyour casesoundsunusual."

d. "Don'tworry.Handsandfeethitthegrowthspurtbeforetherestofyourbody."

Difficulty:3

PageReference:43

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:d."Don'tworry.Handsandfeethitthegrowthspurtbeforetherestofyour body."

TB_02_16_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysicalGrowth _Understand_2.2

Boysexperiencegreatermusclegrowththangirlsduringpubertybecausethey

a. tendtogetmorephysicalexercise.

b. enterthegrowthspurtearlier.

c. maintainhormonelevelsforlongerperiodsoftime.

d. experiencegreaterincreasesintestosterone.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:43

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:d.experiencegreaterincreasesintestosterone.

TB_02_17_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.3

WhichofthefollowingisNOTassociatedwithprimarysexcharacteristics?Developmentof the

a. breasts.

b. penis.

c. eggsandsperm.

d. ovaries.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:44

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.3Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysex characteristics.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.breasts.

TB_02_18_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.3 Thefirstproductionofsperminboysiscalled

a. spermarche.

b. semenarche.

c. menarche.

d. prematureejaculation.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:44

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.3Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysex characteristics.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.spermarche.

TB_02_19_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.3 Menarcherefersto

a. afemale'sfirstmenstrualperiod.

b. afemale'sfirstovulation.

c. reproductivematurityinmalesandfemales.

d. amale'sfertility.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:44

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.3Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysex characteristics.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.afemale'sfirstmenstrualperiod.

TB_02_20_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Apply_2.3

Mirandaisinninthgrade.Shewrotethefollowingstatementsinanessayonreproduction forherhealthclass.WhichofthefollowingofMiranda'sstatementsisNOTtrue?

a. "Girlscannotgetpregnantuntiltheirperiodsareregular."

b. "Femalesarebornwithabout400,000immatureeggsineachovary."

c. "Malesdonotproducespermuntiltheyreachpuberty."

d. "Theaveragemaleproducesmillionsofspermeveryday."

Difficulty:2

PageReference:44

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.3Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysex characteristics.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a."Girlscannotgetpregnantuntiltheirperiodsareregular."

TB_02_21_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Understand_2.3

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEregardingfemalereproductivedevelopment?

a. Thefirstovulationalwaysoccurswiththefirstmenstruation.

b. Fertilitymaybeinconsistentduringthefirstfouryearsaftermenarche.

c. Theadolescentfemaleisinfertileduringthefirsttwoyearsaftermenarche.

d. Secondarysexcharacteristicsonlyappearafterreproductivematurityis reached.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:45

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.3Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysex characteristics.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:b.Fertilitymaybeinconsistentduringthefirstfouryearsaftermenarche.

TB_02_22_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.4

WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothecategoryofsecondarysexcharacteristics?

a. growthofpubichair

b. growthoffacialhair

c. hardeningofthebones

d. spermandeggproduction

Difficulty:2

PageReference:45

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.4Providethetypicalorderofdevelopmentofsecondarysex characteristicsinboysandgirls.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:d.spermandeggproduction

TB_02_23_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Apply_2.4

Matthewisaboutmidwaythroughpuberty.Intears,hetellshiscampcounselorthathe won'tgoswimmingwithouthisshirtbecausehisbreastsareenlarged.Whichofthe followingisthe best adviceforMatthew?

a. "Allboysexperienceenlargementofthebreastsduringpuberty."

b. "Oneoutoffourboysexperiencesbreastenlargement,whichgoesawayinabout ayear."

c. "Abouthalfofallboysexperiencebreastenlargement,whichgoesawayinabout ayear."

d. "Oneoutofahundredboysexperiencebreastenlargement,whichgoesaway duringadulthood."

Difficulty:3

PageReference:45

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.4Providethetypicalorderofdevelopmentofsecondarysex characteristicsinboysandgirls.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:b."Oneoutoffourboysexperiencesbreastenlargement,whichgoesaway inaboutayear."

TB_02_24_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.4

Whichofthefollowingphysicalchangestypicallyoccursformalesonly?

a. growthofshoulderandbackhair

b. increasedsweatglandproduction

c. deepeningvoice

d. growthoffacialhair

Difficulty:1

PageReference:45

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.4Providethetypicalorderofdevelopmentofsecondarysex characteristicsinboysandgirls.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.growthofshoulderandbackhair

TB_02_25_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.4

Whichofthefollowingphysicalchangesoccurformalesandfemalesalikeduringpuberty?

a. Skinbecomesmoreoilyandpronetoacne.

b. Theproportionofmuscletofatincreases.

c. Theshouldersandchestbecomewider.

d. Thehipswidenandabdominalfatlevelsincrease.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:45

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.4Providethetypicalorderofdevelopmentofsecondarysex characteristicsinboysandgirls.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.Skinbecomesmoreoilyandpronetoacne.

TB_02_26_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.5

Itispossiblethatindividualsindevelopedcountriesmayexperiencetheirfirstpubertal eventsasearlyasage

a. 8forboysand10-11forgirls.

b. 7forgirlsand9-10forboys.

c. 5forgirlsand8-10forboys.

d. 6forgirlsandaslateas13forboys.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:47

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.5Chartthetypicalorderofpubertalevents,andexplainthe basisforvariationsintheirorder,timing,andtotalduration.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.7forgirlsand9-10forboys.

TB_02_27_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Apply_2.5

Olgaisalmost10yearsold.Overthepastmonths,shehasnoticedtheappearanceofdowny pubichair,followedbytheappearanceofbreastbuds,andrecentlyshehasbeguntogrow tallerandheavier.Thisorderofpubertaleventsisfoundto

a. occuronlyinindustrializedcountries.

b. signaltheonsetofherageofidentitynegotiation.

c. betypicalforanadolescentfemale.

d. behighlyunlikelytooccurinthetypicaladolescentfemale.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:47

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.5Chartthetypicalorderofpubertalevents,andexplainthe basisforvariationsintheirorder,timing,andtotalduration.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:c.betypicalforanadolescentfemale.

TB_02_28_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Apply_2.5

Whichofthefollowingisinthe best orderregardingtheageoffirstappearanceofpubertal

eventsforatypicalboy?

a. growthoftestes,spermarche,initiationofgrowthspurt

b. initiationofgrowthspurt,growthoftestes,spermarche

c. growthoftestes,initiationofgrowthspurt,spermarche

d. growthofpenis,growthoftestes,spermarche

Difficulty:3

PageReference:47

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.5Chartthetypicalorderofpubertalevents,andexplainthe basisforvariationsintheirorder,timing,andtotalduration.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:c.growthoftestes,initiationofgrowthspurt,spermarche

TB_02_29_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Understand_2.5

Oneoftheproblemsassociatedwiththebodyofresearchonpubertytodayisthat

a. foodadditiveshavedrasticallychangedtherateofdevelopmentinrecentyears.

b. itismainlyfocusedonWhiteadolescentsinWesterncountries.

c. ithasnotbeenverifiedbyresearchstudiesinNorthAmerica.

d. itistoodetailedtounderstandinageneralway.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:47

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.5Chartthetypicalorderofpubertalevents,andexplainthe basisforvariationsintheirorder,timing,andtotalduration.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:b.itismainlyfocusedonWhiteadolescentsinWesterncountries.

TB_02_30_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.5

MuchofourinformationaboutpubertaldevelopmentcomesfromJ.M.Tanner'sresearch. Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyrepresentsthisresearch?Theresearchwas conducted

a. attheturnofthecenturyonmiddle-classAmericanadolescents.

b. inthe1980sonacross-sectionofNorthAmericanyouth.

c. duringWorldWarIIonBritishadolescentsinboardingschools.

d. 40to50yearsagoonBritishadolescentsinfosterhomes.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:47

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.5Chartthetypicalorderofpubertalevents,andexplainthe basisforvariationsintheirorder,timing,andtotalduration.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:d.40to50yearsagoonBritishadolescentsinfosterhomes.

TB_02_31_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Apply_2.6

TyisaresearcherwhowantstodeterminethetypicalamountoftimeittakesforPeruvian adolescentstodevelopfromtheonsetofpubertytofullmaturation.Amongthefollowing choices,whichtypeofstudyshouldTyconduct?

a. cross-sectionalstudy

b. ethnographicstudy

c. secularstudy

d. longitudinalstudy

Difficulty:3

PageReference:49

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.6Describehowphysicalfunctioningchangesduringpuberty, andcontrastphysicalfunctioninginadolescenceandemergingadulthood.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:d.longitudinalstudy

TB_02_32_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Understand_2.6

Whichofthefollowing best representsthehealthstatusofemergingadults?Emerging adulthoodistheperiodwhenapersonis

a. theleastsusceptibletohealthproblemsresultingfromriskbehaviors.

b. themostsusceptibletophysicalillnesses.

c. atpeakformintermsofstrengthandhealth.

d. donewithpositivegrowthandatthestartofalongperiodofphysicaldecline.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:51

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical

Functioning

LearningObjective:2.6Describehowphysicalfunctioningchangesduringpuberty, andcontrastphysicalfunctioninginadolescenceandemergingadulthood.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:c.atpeakformintermsofstrengthandhealth.

TB_02_33_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Apply_2.6

Youareasecondaryschoolteacherdevelopingahealthpromotionprogram.Accordingto informationyougatheredfromreadingthistext,yourprogramshould

a. emphasizepreventionbypromotingstrategiesforreducingriskbehaviors.

b. focusprimarilyonstrategiesfordealingwithhealthproblemsastheyarise.

c. becancelledandofferedonlytoadultstudents.

d. focusonlyonboysbecausetheyhavegreaterrisksduringadolescence.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:52

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.6Describehowphysicalfunctioningchangesduringpuberty, andcontrastphysicalfunctioninginadolescenceandemergingadulthood.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.emphasizepreventionbypromotingstrategiesforreducingrisk behaviors.

TB_02_34_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.7

Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyrepresentstherelationshipbetween pubertaltimingandagroup’stechnologies?Ingeneral,pubertybegins

a. laterincountrieswheremedicalcareismorewidelyavailable.

b. earlierincountrieswherebetternutritionandmedicalcarearemorewidely available.

c. earlierincountrieswherehealthpromotioneducationismorewidelyavailable.

d. earlierincountrieswheretherearefewerfemaledoctors.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:52

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:b.earlierincountrieswherebetternutritionandmedicalcarearemore widelyavailable.

TB_02_35_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.7

Evidencefortheinfluenceoftechnologiesonpubertaldevelopmentisbasedondata gatheredregardingtheagewhenwhateventoccurs?

a. spermarche

b. menarche

c. breastdevelopment

d. hairgrowth

Difficulty:2

PageReference:52

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:b.Menarche.

TB_02_36_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.7

Whichofthefollowingisassociatedwithhistoricalevidencethattechnologiesinfluence pubertaltiming?

a. reactionrange

b. seculartrend

c. distancinghypothesis

d. feedbackloop

Difficulty:2

PageReference:52

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.seculartrend

TB_02_37_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.7

Accordingtoresearch,theaverageageofmenarcheforgirlsintheUnitedStatesis________ years.

a. 10.5

b. 11.5

c. 12.5years

d. 13.0

Difficulty:3

PageReference:53

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:c.12.5years

TB_02_38_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.7

EvelethandTanner(1990)recentlyresearchedpubertaldevelopmentinothercountries. Animportantfindingwasthatthetimingandrateofpubertaldevelopment

a. varywithlevelsofnutritionandmedicalcare.

b. aredifferentwhenstudiedusinglongitudinalversuscross-sectionalstudies.

c. arenotimpactedbyenvironmentalfactors.

d. areinfluencedbybeingpartofaresearchstudy.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:53

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.varywithlevelsofnutritionandmedicalcare.

TB_02_39_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.7

Whichofthefollowing best definesreactionrange?

a. geneticallydeterminedrangeofpotentialthatisaffectedbytheenvironment

b. environmentallydeterminedrangeofpotential

c. differencebetweennatureandnurture

d. variationintherateofpubertaldevelopment

Difficulty:3

PageReference:53

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.geneticallydeterminedrangeofpotentialthatisaffectedbythe environment

TB_02_40_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.8

Accordingtocross-culturalresearch,pubertyritualsaremorecommonfor

a. males.

b. females.

c. adolescentsinWesterncultures.

d. familieswithhighsocioeconomicstatus.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:54

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.females.

TB_02_41_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.8

TheculturalritualsoftheAsanteculturemarkingmenarcheandmenstruationreflect

a. annoyancewithmenstruation.

b. thejoyassociatedwithmenstruation.

c. afearofmenstruation.

d. ambivalencetowardmenstruation.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:54

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts Answer:d.ambivalencetowardmenstruation.

TB_02_42_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.8

Accordingtoyourtext,traditionalmalepubertyrituals,suchasscarringandbloodletting, operateasametaphorfor

a. demonstratingone'sreadinessforthechallengesofadultlife.

b. thepainofchildbirthexperiencedbytheboy'smother.

c. athleticcompetitions.

d. childhoodplay.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:55

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.demonstratingone'sreadinessforthechallengesofadultlife.

TB_02_43_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.8

Thedeclineinfrequencyofpubertyritualsintraditionalculturesismostlikelyassociated with

a. globalization.

b. poverty.

c. risingageofmenarche.

d. racism.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:55

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:a.globalization.

TB_02_44_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.8

InSamoa,thetraditionalriteofpassageintoadolescenceinvolves

a. tattooingofbothmalesandfemales.

b. tattooingofmalesonly.

c. tattooingoffemalesandbrandingofmales.

d. anelaborateprocessofbodypiercing.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:56

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.tattooingofbothmalesandfemales.

TB_02_45_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.8

Traditionalpubertyrituals,suchastattooing,areundergoingarevivalinsomecultures. This best reflectsan

a. exampleofethnographers'influenceontheculturestheystudy.

b. exampleofWesternyouthcopyingtraditionalculture.

c. attempttoassimilateintotheglobalculture.

d. attempttokeeptraditionalculturesfromdisappearingduetoglobalization.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:56

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:d.attempttokeeptraditionalculturesfromdisappearingdueto globalization.

TB_02_46_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.9 Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesparent-adolescentrelationshipsinnearlyallcultures thathavebeenstudied?

a. Adolescentsofbothsexestendtobeclosertotheirmothersthantotheirfathers.

b. Communicationstylesshifttowardconsolingthroughtouch.

c. Adolescentfemalestendtobeclosertotheirfathers.

d. Adolescentsofbothsexestendtopullawayfrombothparents.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:57

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a. Adolescentsofbothsexestendtobeclosertotheirmothersthantotheir fathers.

TB_02_47_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.9

Abelardisthirteenyearsold.Hespendsmoretimeduringthedaywithhismotherthan withhisfather. Hisrelationshipwithhismotherisstrongerandhefeelsclosertoherthan hisfather. Accordingtoresearch,Abelardis

a. unusual–mostadolescentsareclosertotheirfathersthanmothers.

b. typical–mostadolescentsareclosertotheirmothersthanfathers.

c. adifficultchild–heismostlikelyafraidofhisfather.

d. unusual–mostadolescentsareclosertotheirparentofthesamegender.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:57

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:b. typical–mostadolescentsareclosertotheirmothersthanfathers.

TB_02_48_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.9

Ginaiseighteenyearsoldandfeelsthatsheisnolongerasclosetoherparentsasshewas whenshewasachild.Infact,shehasmovedawayfromthereligiouscommunewhereshe wasraisedandisengagedtotheboyfriendshemetatcollege.Thisscenarioisconsistent withwhichofthefollowingconcepts?

a. distancing

b. reactionrange

c. activegenotype-environmentinteraction

d. nature-nurturedebate

Difficulty:3

PageReference:57

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.distancing

TB_02_49_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.9

Whichofthefollowingisavalidcriticismofthenotionofdistancingduringadolescence?

a. Distancingmayhaveanevolutionarybasis.

b. Parent-adolescentconflictincreasesinadolescence.

c. Distancingdoesnotoccurequallyinallcultures.

d. Someadolescentsreallylovetheirparents.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:57

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:c.Distancingdoesnotoccurequallyinallcultures.

TB_02_50_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.9

Meena'sfatherdiedwhenshewasababy,andthereisalotofongoingconflictinthe householdbetweenhermotherandstepfather.Accordingtoresearchdiscussedinthetext, Meenamaybemorelikelyto

a. reachpubertyearlier.

b. reachpubertylater.

c. experiencestormandstress.

d. experienceanatypicalorderofpubertalevents.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:58

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.reachpubertyearlier.

TB_02_51_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.9

Recentresearchhasshownthatsomegirlstendtogothroughpubertyearlierthanothers. Whatscenariomostlikelycreatesearlyonsetofpuberty?

a. Damini,whosemotherwasonly17yearsoldwhenshehadDamini

b. Brandi,wholiveswithonlyherfatherandsharesaroomwithheryoungersister

c. Elizabeth,wholiveswithhermomandherstepfatherbutdoesn'tseeherdadat all

d. Beverly,whohasaneatingdisorderandhasbeenseverelyunderweightfor threeyears.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:58

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:c.Elizabeth,wholiveswithhermomandherstepfatherbutdoesn'tseeher dadatall

TB_02_52_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.10

Lizaisanearly-maturinggirlwhojustreachedmenarche.Sheisveryupsetandishavinga difficulttimeadjusting.WhichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyreasonforLiza'sfeelings?

a. Lizawasunpreparedformenarche;hermotherhadn'teventoldheraboutityet.

b. AllofLiza'sfriendshadalreadyreachedmenarcheandshefeltleftout.

c. Lizawaswellpreparedformenarcheandhadlearnedalotfromherpeers.

d. AllofLiza'ssiblingsareboysandshefeelsuncomfortable.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:58

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.Lizawasunpreparedformenarche;hermotherhadn'teventoldher aboutityet.

TB_02_53_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.10

Justine'soldersisterhastoldherthat"gettingherperiodwillbearealdrag–painfuland annoying."Accordingtoresearch,howisJustinelikelytoreporthermenarche?

a. asadiscomfort

b. associatedwithseveredepression

c. positiveandelated

d. mostlyambivalent

Difficulty:1

PageReference:58

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.asadiscomfort

TB_02_54_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.10

Whichstatement best representshowcultureinfluencesgirls'responsestomenarche?

a. Premenstrualsyndromeisasociallyconstructedphenomenon.

b. Socioeconomicstatusisamajorfactorimpactinggirls'experiencesofmenarche.

c. Geographicalregionandclimateimpactgirls'experiencesofmenarche.

d. Knowledgeandexpectationsimpactgirls'experiencesofmenarche.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:59

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:d.Knowledgeandexpectationsimpactgirls'experiencesofmenarche.

TB_02_55_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.10

Boris,whohasjustexperiencedsemenarche,feelsembarrassedandhasvowedhewould nottellanyoneaboutit.Boris'sattitude best reflects

a. adistantrelationshipwithhisparents.

b. Westernattitudestowardthistopic.

c. hispositivefeelingstowardbecomingaman.

d. hisawarenessofhisownbodilyfunctions.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:59

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:b.Westernattitudestowardthistopic.

TB_02_56_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.10

ThehistoryofAmericanbeliefsaboutmenstruationisdescribedinabookby

a. J.M.Tanner.

b. JoanJacobsBrumberg.

c. NoraEphron.

d. JudyBlume.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:60

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.JoanJacobsBrumberg.

TB_02_57_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.10

Asurveyconductedin1895foundthat______percentofBostonhighschoolgirlshadno knowledgeofmenarchebeforeitoccurred.

a. 10

b. 25

c. 60

d. 75

Difficulty:3

PageReference:60

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche

amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:c.60

TB_02_58_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.10

Whichofthefollowingcontributedmosttothesecrecysurroundingmenstruationin19th centurymiddleclassAmerica?

a. Girlsreachedmenarcheatalateragethantoday.

b. Therewerenofemininehygieneproducts.

c. Girlsreachedmenarcheatanearlieragethantodayandcouldnotfully understandit.

d. Peopleassociatedmenstruationwithsexualityandtriedtopreservegirls' virginity.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:60

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:d.Peopleassociatedmenstruationwithsexualityandtriedtopreserve girls'virginity.

TB_02_59_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.10

WhichofthefollowingillustratethechangingWesternattitudestowardmenstruationin theearlypartofthetwentiethcentury?Menstruationbecame

a. lessassociatedwithadolescentstormandstress.

b. moreassociatedwithhealthandhygienethanwithsexuality.

c. afocusfornationaldebate.

d. atopicthatwasmoreandmoretabootodiscuss.

Difficulty:2

PageReference:60

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:b.moreassociatedwithhealthandhygienethanwithsexuality.

TB_02_60_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.11

Age-gradinginschoolscontributesto

a. advancepubertaldevelopment.

b. delaysinpubertaldevelopment.

c. theneedforpubertyrituals.

d. socialcomparisonofphysicalmaturity.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:61

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:d.socialcomparisonofphysicalmaturity.

TB_02_61_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.11

Accordingtorecentresearch,whichofthefollowing best representstheeffectsofearly maturationforgirlsinWesternsocieties?Earlymaturinggirlsare

a. morelikelytoholdpositivebodyimagesthanlatematurers.

b. atriskforhigherincidenceofdepressedmood.

c. nodifferentthannormalmaturingorlatematuringgirls.

d. lesslikelytohaveeatingdisordersorsubstanceabuse.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:62

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.atriskforhigherincidenceofdepressedmood.

TB_02_62_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.11

Accordingtothetext,whyisearlymaturationsuchaproblemforgirlsintheWest?

a. BecauseWesternculturesvaluethinnessinfemales'appearances.

b. Delayedphysicaldevelopmentdrawsattentionfromyoungerboys.

c. Theyhavemorefavorablebodyimagesandlowerlevelsofestrogen.

d. Pubertalchangesaffectmuscledevelopmentandgrowthspurts.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:62

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls

respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:a.BecauseWesternculturesvaluethinnessinfemales'appearances.

TB_02_63_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.11

Shellyisayoungadultwhosuffersfromanxiety,drinksalcohol,andissexuallyactive. WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytodescribeShellyintermsofherpubertaltiming?

a. earlymaturing

b. ontime

c. latematuring

d. nonmaturing

Difficulty:3

PageReference:62

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:a.earlymaturing

TB_02_64_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.11

Early-maturinggirlsandlate-maturingboysmaybeatgreaterriskforadjustment problemsthanothergroupsbecausethey

a. experiencemoreparentalpressurebecauseoftheirphysicalattributes.

b. aremorelikelytohaveskinproblemslikeacne.

c. aremorelikelytocomparethemselvestopeerswhodevelopat"regular"ages.

d. tendtospendmoretimewiththeirfriends.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:61

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:c.aremorelikelytocomparethemselvestopeerswhodevelopat"regular" ages.

TB_02_65_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.11

Theemergenceofdietingbehavioratthetimeofpuberty,particularlyamonggirlswho begindevelopingearlier,islikelytostemfrom

a. boyfriend/girlfriendpressures.

b. thestormandstressofadolescence.

c. lossofappetiteduetohormonalchanges.

d. apervasiveculturalidealofthinness.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:62

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:d.apervasiveculturalidealofthinness.

TB_02_66_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.11

Jamiebecamephysicallymatureatayoungeragethanmostpeers.Inhighschool,Jamie waspopularandhadapositiveself-image,yetexperiencedmoretemperoutburststhan peers.Attheageof37,Jamieisaverysociableperson.Mostlikely,whatisJamie'ssex?

a. Itisimpossibletotellbasedonresearchpresented.

b. Female.

c. Male.

d. Eithermaleorfemale.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:62

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow Answer:c.Male.

TB_02_67_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.11

Jamiediscoveredsexatanearlyageandsmokedpotby13yearsold.Jamielikesgoingto partiesandhavingsexmostweekendsandfindsithardtoconcentrateonhomework. Accordingtoresearch,Jamiemostcloselyfitstheprofileofa(n)

a. on-timemale.

b. early-maturingmale.

c. late-maturingfemale.

d. late-maturingmale.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:62

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:b.early-maturingmale.

TB_02_68_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects_Understand_2.12

Natureistonurtureasbiologicalisto

a. sexual.

b. environmental.

c. educational.

d. creationist.

Difficulty:1

PageReference:63

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:b.environmental.

TB_02_69_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects_Remember_2.12

Theviewthatbothbiologyandenvironmentplayanimportantroleinhumandevelopment isconsistentwiththetheoryof

a. genotype  environmenteffects.

b. thedistancinghypothesis.

c. healthpromotion.

d. theseculartrend.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:63

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.genotype  environmenteffects.

TB_02_70_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects_Understand_2.12

Accordingtogenotype  environmenteffects.,wecreateourownenvironmentsbasedon our

a. parents'skills.

b. familytype.

c. geneticmakeup.

d. socialcontext.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:63

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:c.geneticmakeup.

TB_02_71_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects_Understand_2.12

Accordingtothetext,whyshouldyoubeskepticalwhenyoureadstudiesaboutparents andadolescentsinbiologicalfamilieswherethebehaviorofparentsisclaimedtobethe causeofthecharacteristicsofadolescents?

a. Behaviormaybecausedbybiologyandnotenvironment.

b. Behaviormaybecausedbyenvironmentandnotbiology.

c. BecausethedivorcerateissohighintheU.S.,noconclusivefindingscouldbe drawn.

d. Therearefewstudieswhichinvestigatethedifferentialtreatmentofmothers andfathers.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:63

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:a.Behaviormaybecausedbybiologyandnotenvironment.

TB_02_72_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects_Apply_2.12

Mattisasix-year-oldwhoconstantlydrawsandspontaneouslymakesuporiginalcartoon characters.Hismother,proudofMatt'sevidenttalent,hasboughthimcomputergraphics softwareandhasarrangedforartlessons.Thissituation best illustrates_______ genotypeenvironmenteffects.

a. retentive

b. evocative

c. passive

d. active

Difficulty:3

PageReference:64

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:b.evocative

TB_02_73_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects_Remember_2.13

WhichgenotypeenvironmenteffectisMOSTpronouncedduringchildhood?

a. active

b. passive

c. evocative

d. stable

Difficulty:1

PageReference:64

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.13Explainwhygenotype  environmenteffectschangeover time.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.passive

TB_02_74_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects_Understand_2.13

Duringadolescenceandemergingadulthood,autonomyincreasesalongwith_____________ genotypeenvironmenteffects.

a. active

b. passive

c. evocative

d. stable

Difficulty:3

PageReference:64

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.13Explainwhygenotype  environmenteffectschangeover time.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:a.active

True/False

TB_02_75_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.1

ThewordpubertyisderivedfromtheLatinwordmeaning"togrowlarger."

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:38

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.False

TB_02_76_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth_Remember_2.1

LowerlevelsofbodyfatsignalthehypothalamustoincreaseGnRHproduction.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:39

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.False

TB_02_77_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.3

Menarcheisthefirstmenstruationandthefirstovulation.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:44

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.3Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysex characteristics.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.False

TB_02_78_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.5

Accordingtothetext,Kikuyuboysshowthefirstphysicalchangesofpubertybeforetheir femalepeers,whichistheoppositeoftypicalWesternpatterns.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:47

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

LearningObjective:2.5Chartthetypicalorderofpubertalevents,andexplainthe basisforvariationsintheirorder,timing,andtotalduration.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.True

TB_02_79_TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning_Remember_2.7

Ingeneral,pubertybegins earlier incultureswheregoodnutritionandmedicalcareare widelyavailable.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:2

PageReference:52

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Skill:RemembertheFacts Answer:a.True

TB_02_80_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.8

Therearesomeculturesthatdonotmarkpubertywithrituals.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:2

PageReference:54

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.True

TB_02_81_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.8

TheAsante,acultureintheAfricanNationofGhana,celebrateagirl'sfirstmenstruation (menarche)withanelaborateritualcelebration,butatothertimesthispubertaleventis viewedwithdreadandfear.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:3

PageReference:54-55

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Skill:RemembertheFacts Answer:a. True

TB_02_82_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.10 Inthe1940s,WaltDisneyproducedaneducationalcartoontitled"TheStoryof Menstruation."

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:60

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.True

TB_02_83_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.11 Youareamiddleschoolteacher.Itispossibletohavestudentsinyourclasswhohave finishedpubertaldevelopment,andotherswhohavenotyetstarted.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:61

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.True

TB_02_84_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.11 Withincultures,thetimingofpubertyappearstobebasedmainlyonsocialfactors.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:61

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.False

TB_02_85_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.11 Forthemostpart,earlymaturationtendstobemorepositiveforgirlsthanforboys.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:62

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.False

TB_02_86_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.11

EarlymaturationisaproblemforgirlsintheWestbecauseofculturalvaluesabout physicalappearance.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:62

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts Answer:a.True

TB_02_87_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects_Understand_2.12

Inrecentyears,mostscholarsagreethatbothbiologyandenvironmentinfluencehuman development.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:63

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts Answer:a.True

TB_02_88_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects_Remember_2.12

Activegenotypeenvironmenteffectsoccurinbiologicalfamiliesbecauseparentsprovide bothgenesandenvironmentfortheirchildren.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:3

PageReference:63

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:b.False

TB_02_89_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects_Remember_2.12

Evocativegenotype-environmentinteractionsremainstableovertime.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:1

PageReference:64

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:a.True

TB_02_90_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects_Remember_2.13

Thetheoryofgenotype  environmenteffectshasgarnereduniversalacceptanceby scholarsonhumandevelopment.

a. True

b. False

Difficulty:3

PageReference:64

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype

EnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.13Explainwhygenotype  environmenteffectschangeover time.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:b.False

Essay

TB_02_91_CulturalResponsestoPuberty_Apply_2.7

Defineandexplaintheseculartrendintermsoftheinfluenceofcultureonthetimingand initiationofpuberty.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:52

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:Seculartrend: Historicalrecordsshowasteadydecreaseintheageof menarcheinWesterncountriesoverthepast150years. Pubertybeginsearlierin cultureswithwideravailabilityofhealthcareandnutrition.

TB_02_92_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Analyze_2.9

Describethechangesinparent-adolescentrelationshipsatpuberty.Provideapossible explanationforthischange.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:57

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Skill:AnalyzeIt

Answer:Atpuberty: Relationshipscharacterizedbybecomingsomewhatcooler. Parent-childcommunicationshiftsfromtouchingtotalking. Conflictincreases, especiallyforearlymaturingadolescents. Feellessclosetomothers,andless acceptedbyfathers. Distancinghypothesis:Theorizesevolutionarybasisforthe increasingdistancebetweenparentsandadolescents.Thatis,itisadaptiveinterms ofmatingandreproductionforadolescentstomoveawayfromclosenesswith parentstofindmatesinalargersocialcircle.

TB_02_93_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Understand_2.9

Describetheconceptoftheincesttaboo.Usingexamples,illustratetheculturaldifferences thathavebeenresearched.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:57

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Skill:UnderstandtheConcepts

Answer:Studieshaveshownthatconflictwithparentstendstobeespeciallyhigh foradolescentswhomatureearly.Variousexplanationshavebeenproposed, centeringmostlyonhowthebiologicallybasedincesttaboobetweenparentsand childrenbecomesactivatedoncechildrenreachsexualmaturity,resultinginmore distancingrelations.Studieshavefoundthatthistakesplacemainlyintwo-parent WhiteAmericanfamiliesandonestudyofAfricanAmericanfamilies.Distancingis notcommoninLatinofamiliesorindivorcedmother-headedfamilies.

TB_02_94_SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty_Remember_2.10

SummarizethehistoryofAmericanattitudestowardmenarcheandmenstruationfromthe 19thCenturytothepresent.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:60

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Skill:RemembertheFacts

Answer:Inthe19thcentury,menarcheandmenstruationwere"taboo"topicsin middleclassAmerica. Menstruationwasassociatedwithsexualityandthustookon thestatusofa"secret"topicinordertoprotectthe"innocence"ofgirls.Menarche occurredlater(seculartrend)andmostgirlsexperiencedmenarchewithlittleorno information.Inthe20thcentury,menarchebecamemoreopenlydiscussedand associatedwithhealthandhygiene.Informationaboutmenstruationwas communicatedviamediaandcorporations.Todayitisrareforgirlstoreach menarchewithoutsomeawarenessoftheprocess.

TB_02_95_BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects_Apply_2.12

Listandprovideanexampleforthethreecategoriesofgenotype-environmentinteraction.

Difficulty:3

PageReference:63-64

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryof GenotypeEnvironmentEffects

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype  environmenteffects.

Skill:ApplyWhatYouKnow

Answer:Passivegenotypeenvironmenteffects.Example:Hank'smomanddad

bothhaveinheritedartistictalent.Theyspendalotoftimedrawing,painting,and visitinggalleries.TheparentsincludeHankintheiractivitiesandencouragehis participation.Evocativegenotypeenvironmenteffects. Example:Berniceisan agreeable,content,andcalmchild.Hermotherrespondstoherwithlotsofsmiles, cuddles,andsharedactivities.Activegenotypeenvironmenteffects. Example: Likeherfather,Bettehasinheritedarealknackforbiology.Therefore,shedecides tojointhenaturalistclubatherlocalcommunitycenter.

REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS

EOC_Q2.1

Follicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH)andluteinizinghormone(LH)arethetwo gonadotropinsreleasedbythepituitaryglandthatareresponsiblefor:

a. stimulatingthedevelopmentofthegametes.

b. mostoftheobservablebodilychangesofpuberty.

c. myelinationofbrainneuronsandaxons.

d. synapticpruningofthebrain’sgreymatter.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:2

EOC_Q2.2

Anadequateleveloftheprotein___________isrequiredtosignalthe___________toincreaseits productionofgonadotropin-releasinghormone(GnRH)andinitiatetheprocessofpuberty.

a. leptin;hypothalamus

b. estradiol;pituitarygland

c. testosterone;hypothalamus

d. leptin;pituitarygland

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:1

EOC_Q2.3

Whichofthefollowingbestillustratestheconceptofasynchronicity?

a. Somebodypartsgrowfasterthanothersduringthegrowthspurt.

b. Girlsexperiencethegrowthspurtearlierthanboys.

c. Boys’bodypartsgrowinadifferentorderthanthoseofgirlsduringthegrowth spurt.

d. Theextremitiesarethelastbodypartstogrowduringthegrowthspurt.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:1

EOC_Q2.4

Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentstheoccurrenceoftheadolescentgrowthspurt?

a. Thegrowthspurtbeginsaboutage11forgirlsandage13forboys.

b. Thegrowthspurtbeginsaboutage11forboysandage13forgirls.

c. Thegrowthspurtbeginsaboutthesametimeforboysandgirls.

d. Thegrowthspurtbeginsabout3yearsearlierforgirlsthanboys.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:1

EOC_Q2.5

Jackis12yearsold,andunbeknownsttohimhisbodyisworkingtoproducespermnow thathehasreachedpuberty.WhichofthefollowingisJackexperiencing?

a. Developmentoftheprimarysexcharacteristics,specificallyspermarche

b. Developmentofthesecondarysexcharacteristics,specificallyspermarche

c. Developmentoftheprimarysexcharacteristics,specificallypubichair

d. Developmentofthesecondarysexcharacteristics,specificallypubichair

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.3Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysex characteristics.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:2

EOC_Q2.6

Bothgirlsandboystendtofollowthesameorderofthedevelopmentofsecondarysex characteristics.Whichofthefollowingreflectsthetypical first secondarysexcharacteristic todevelop?

a. Appearanceofpubichair

b. Growthofunderarm/facialhair

c. Growthspurt

d. Secretionofincreasedskinoilandsweat

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.4Providethetypicalorderofdevelopmentofsecondarysex characteristicsinboysandgirls.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:1

EOC_Q2.7

Debbieisgrowingpubichairandbreastbuds.WhichofthefollowingisDebbielikelyto experiencenextregardingherpubertaldevelopment?

a. Thegrowthspurt

b. Menarche

c. Growthofunderarmhair

d. Secretionofincreasedskinoilandsweat

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.5Chartthetypicalorderofpubertalevents,andexplainthe basisforvariationsintheirorder,timing,andtotalduration.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:2

EOC_Q2.8

Jackisa15-year-oldboyinmiddleschoolintheUnitedStates.Jackrecentlyvisitedhis doctor,andhisBMIindicatedheisobese.Accordingtoresearchers,whichofthefollowing isthemostlikelyexplanationforJack’sobesity?

a. SoftdrinksandjunkfoodareavailableinJack’sschool.

b. Jackspendstimeplayingvideogames.

c. Jack’sparentsareobese.

d. JackspendstimewatchingTV.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.6Describehowphysicalfunctioningchangesduringpuberty, andcontrastphysicalfunctioninginadolescenceandemergingadulthood.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:2

EOC_Q2.9

AlishaisanAfricanAmericangirlgrowingupintheUnitedStates,andJamilaisanAfrican girlgrowingupinKenya,Africa.Alishaexperiencedmenarcheat12yearsold,andJamila experiencedmenarcheat16yearsold.Whichofthefollowingisthebestexplanationfor thedifferenceintheageatwhichtheyexperiencedmenarche?

a. Accessibilitytohigh-qualitynutritionandmedicalcareintheUnitedStates

b. Heredity,suchthatthegirlsweremorelikelytoexperiencemenarcheatthe sameagesthattheirmothersdid

c. Participationinsportactivitiesthatpressuregirlstomaintainlowbodyweight intheUnitedStates

d. IncreasedstresslevelsresultingfromexposuretocivilwarinAfrica

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOC_Q2.10

AlthoughresearchbySchlegelandBarryin1991foundthatabout_______%ofthe traditionalculturestheyassessedhadpubertalrituals,sincethistimeglobalizationhas _______theprevalenceofthesepubertalrituals.

a. 75;decreased b. 25;increased c. 25;decreased d. 75;increased

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOC_Q2.11

Valerieisa13-year-oldWhiteadolescentgirlgrowingupintheUnitedStateswhorecently experiencedmenarcheandisalsoshowingvisiblesecondarysexcharacteristicssuchas breastdevelopment.WhichofthefollowingbestreflectsValerie’sfamilyrelationshipsnow thatshehasreachedpuberty?

a. Valerieandherparentsnowhaveadistantrelationship,inwhichshefeelsless closetoherparents.

b. Valerieandherparentsnowhaveacloserrelationship,inwhichshefeelsa strongerbondespeciallywithhermother.

c. Valerie’srelationshipqualitywithherparentsisthesameasitwaspriorto puberty.

d. Valerieandherparentsnowhaveacloserrelationship,inwhichshefeelsa strongerbondespeciallywithherfather.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOC_Q2.12

ImaginethatAdelineisa13-year-oldgirlgrowingupinAmericainthe1890s.Whatis Adeline’smostlikelyresponsetoherexperienceofmenarche,andwhy?

a. Adelineislikelytobeshockedandscaredaboutmenarchebecausethecultureof hertimedidnotadvocateeducatingyoungwomenaboutmenarche.

b. Adelineislikelytobehappyaboutmenarchebecauseitreflectshertransitionto becomingasexuallymaturewoman.

c. Adelineislikelytobehappyaboutmenarchebecauseitwillmakeherfeelmore apartofthecultureofherpeerswhohavealreadybegunmenstruating.

d. Adelineislikelytobeannoyedaboutmenarchebecauseofhavingtocopewith thebiologicallybaseddiscomfortassociatedwithmenstruationknownas premenstrualsyndrome(PMS).

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOC_Q2.13

Girlswhomaturelatercomparedtotheirpeersarelikelytoexperiencewhichofthe following?

a. teasing

b. substanceuse

c. delinquency

d. eatingdisorders

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:1

EOC_Q2.14

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetheoryofgenotype→environmenteffects?

a. Bothgeneticsandenvironmentalfactorsmakecontributionstohuman development,inwhichgenesinfluencethekindofenvironmentexperienced.

b. Humanbehaviorcanbestbeexplainedbygeneticfactorsalone.

c. Humanbehaviorcanbestbeexplainedbyenvironmentalfactorsalone.

d. Bothgeneticsandenvironmentalfactorsmakeequalcontributionstohuman development.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype→environmenteffects.

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype→ EnvironmentEffects

Difficulty:1

EOC_Q2.15

Accordingtothetheoryofgenotype→environmenteffects, genotype→ environmenteffectsbecome_________salientduringadolescencebecauseparentalcontrol tendstodiminishandyouthspendmoretimeawayfromthefamilyoforigin.

a. passive;less

b. passive;more

c. evocative;less

d. evocative;more

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.13Explainwhygenotype→environmenteffectschangeover time.

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype→ EnvironmentEffects

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.1.1

The___________beginstoincreaseitsproductionof___________toinitiatepuberty,which actuallyoccursinmiddlechildhoodatleastayearortwobeforeeventheearliestbodily changesofpuberty.

a. hypothalamus;gonadotropin-releasinghormone(GnRH)

b. hypothalamus;luteinizinghormone(LH)

c. pituitarygland;follicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH)

d. pituitarygland;adrenocorticotropichormone(ACTH)

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.1.2

Thetwoprimaryhormonesthatthepituitaryglandreleasestostimulatethedevelopment ofthegametesare:

a. follicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH)andluteinizinghormone(LH).

b. estradiolandtestosterone.

c. follicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH)andestradiol.

d. luteinizinghormone(LH)andtestosterone.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.1Describethefunctionsofthehormonesinthefeedbackloop oftheendocrinesystemandhowtheyinitiatepuberty.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.1.3

KevinandKatieareboth13-year-oldadolescentswhohavejustbeguntoshowthe observablechangesofpuberty.Increasesinthesexhormoneshaveinfluencedthese observablechanges,withKevinproducingmore_________thanKatieandKatieproducing more_________thanKevin.

a. testosterone;estradiol

b. sperm;eggcells

c. follicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH);luteinizinghormone(LH)

d. estradiol;testosterone

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.1.4

EmmyandMattheware18-year-oldadolescentsandassuchhaveundergonepuberty. WhichofthefollowingbestillustrateshowEmmyandMatthewaredifferentintermsof theirphysicalgrowthbytheendofpuberty?

a. Asaresultofahigherleveloftestosteroneproductionduringpuberty,Matthew hasahighermuscle-to-fatratiothanEmmyattheendofpuberty.

b. Asaresultofincreasesintestosteroneproductionduringpuberty,Matthewand Emmyhavelessfatattheendofpuberty.

c. Asaresultofincreasesintestosteroneproductionduringpuberty,Matthewand Emmyhaveequalmuscle-to-fatratiosattheendofpuberty.

d. Asaresultofahigherleveloftestosteroneproductionduringpuberty,Matthew hasalowermuscle-to-fatratiothanEmmyattheendofpuberty.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.1.5

_____________iswhentheadolescentgrowthspurtisatitsmaximumandadolescentsgrow anaverageofabout4inchesperyear.

a. Peakheightvelocity

b. Asynchronicity

c. Hormoneproduction

d. Setpoint

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.2Explainhowthegrowthspurtdiffersforgirlsandboys,and identifytheorderinwhichbodypartsexperiencerapidgrowth.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:HormonalChangesandPhysical Growth

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.2.1

Duringpuberty,increasesintheproductionofthesexhormonespromotethedevelopment ofeggsandspermandthesexorgans,whicharecalledthe_____________________.

a. primarysexcharacteristics

b. secondarysexcharacteristics

c. pubertycharacteristics

d. reproductivecharacteristics

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.3Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysex characteristics.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.2.2

Whichofthefollowingexemplifiesthedevelopmentofsecondarysexcharacteristics?

a. Leslieis14yearsoldandhasnoticedherskinisoilierandmorepronetoacne.

b. Sadieis14yearsoldandhasbeenexperiencingmonthlymenstrualcyclesfor1 year.

c. Bradis13yearsoldandjustexperiencedsemenarche,orhisfirstejaculation.

d. Gregis14yearsoldandhasnoticedthathispenishasgrowninlengthand diameter.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.4Providethetypicalorderofdevelopmentofsecondarysex characteristicsinboysandgirls.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.2.3

Davidhasbeguntoshavebecauseofthegrowthofhisfacialhairoverthepastfewmonths. WhichofthefollowinghasDavidalreadyexperiencedregardinghispubertaldevelopment?

a. Spermarche

b. Menarche

c. PeakVO2max

d. Maximumphysicalheight

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.5Chartthetypicalorderofpubertalevents,andexplainthe basisforvariationsintheirorder,timing,andtotalduration.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.2.4

Duringpuberty,adolescents’heartsandlungsexperienceconsiderablegrowth.This growthhasimplicationsforchangesinphysicalfunctioningsuchthatadolescents’heart rate_____________andvitalcapacity_____________.

a. decreases;increases

b. increases;decreases

c. stabilizes;increases

d. increases;stabilizes

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.6Describehowphysicalfunctioningchangesduringpuberty, andcontrastphysicalfunctioninginadolescenceandemergingadulthood.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.2.5

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesphysicalfunctioninginemerging adulthoodcomparedtoadolescence?

a. Theopportunityforpeakphysicalfunctioningishighestduringemerging adulthood;however,asaresultoflifestylebehaviors,emergingadulthoodisalso atimeinwhichthereisahighincidenceofdisease,injury,anddeath.

b. Physicalfunctioning,suchasVO2max,cardiacoutput,andreactiontime,is similarduringadolescenceandemergingadulthood.

c. Peakphysicalfunctioning,includingVO2maxandcardiacoutput,areachieved duringadolescenceandthendeclineintoemergingadulthood.

d. Susceptibilitytophysicalillnessislowestduringadolescence,whereasphysical functioningishighestduringemergingadulthood.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.6Describehowphysicalfunctioningchangesduringpuberty, andcontrastphysicalfunctioninginadolescenceandemergingadulthood.

Topic:TheBiologicalRevolutionofPuberty:SexualMaturityandPhysical Functioning

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.3.1

Accesstoaculture’stechnologiesthatincludeadequate________and_________caninfluence thetimingofpubertybecausepubertytakesplaceearlierwhenhealthconditionsare favorable.

a. nutrition;medicalcare

b. nutrition;education

c. medicalcare;education

d. energysources;nutrition

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.3.2

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizeswhatscholarsbelieveexplainsthe seculartrendintheageofpuberty?

a. Asmedicaladvanceshavereducedillnessesandadvancesinfoodproduction haveenhancednutritionoverthepast150years,pubertyhascomesooner.

b. Anincreaseintheobesityrateamongadolescentsoverthepast50yearshas influencedpubertytocomesooner.

c. Steepdeclinesinphysicalactivityfrommiddlechildhoodtoadolescencehave influencedpubertytocomesooner.

d. Asplayingcomputergamesandwatchingtelevisionhavebecomethemost popularleisureactivitiesamongadolescentsoverthepast50years,this sedentarylifestylehasinfluencedpubertytocomesooner.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.7Explainhowcultureinfluencesthetimingofpuberty.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.3.3

Historically,traditionalcultureshavepubertyritualstomarkthedeparturefromchildhood andtheentranceintoadolescence.Whichpubertaleventismostcommonlymarkedbya ritualforadolescentgirls?

a. Menarche

b. Breastdevelopment

c. Pubichairgrowth

d. Growthspurt

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.3.4

Intraditionalcultures,pubertyritualsformaleadolescentstypicallyinvolveactivitiesthat requireboystodisplaywhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?

a. Strengthandcourage

b. Patienceandkindness

c. Humorandwit

d. Strengthandhumor

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.3.5

Whichofthefollowingtraditionalculturesengagesinmikveh,whichisaritualbathtakena weekafteranadolescentgirl’sfirstperiodasawayofcleansingthemselvesoftheimpurity believedtobeassociatedwithmenstruation?

a. OrthodoxJews

b. AsanteofGhana

c. SambiaofNewGuinea

d. Samoans

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.8Identifytheratesofprevalenceofpubertyritualsacross cultures,andexplainthefunctionoftheserituals.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.4.1

__________culturestendtoexperience__________distancinginparent–childrelationships duringpubertybecauseyouthtypicallyspendalargeportionoftheirdayinsharedlabor withtheirparents.

a. Traditional;less

b. Traditional;more

c. Western;less

d. Western;more

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.9Compareandcontrastculturesinhowpubertyinfluences familyrelations.

Topic:CulturalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.4.2

Sharonhasnotexperiencedherfirstmenstruation.Whichofthefollowingwouldincrease thelikelihoodofSharonhavingapositiveexperiencewithherfirstperiod?

a. Conversationswithhermomaboutwhatmenstruationisandhowtopreparefor it

b. Conversationswithhermomabouthowmenstruationisalwayspainful

c. Conversationswithherfriendsabouthowmenstruationisalwayspainful

d. Conversationswithhermomabouthowmenstruationcaninfluenceone’sgood luck

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.4.3

InAmerica,boysare________totelltheirfriendsabouttheirfirstejaculation,andmostboys reportfeeling________aspartoftheirexperienceofsemenarche.

a. unlikely;guilt

b. unlikely;proud

c. likely;guilt

d. likely;proud

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.10Describepersonalresponsestomenarcheandsemenarche amongadolescentsandhowtheseresponsesareshapedbycultures.

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.4.4

14-year-oldTreyistaller,moremuscular,andhassomefacialhaircomparedtotherestof hisfriends.WhichofthefollowingisTreylikelytoexperience?

a. Comparedtohisfriends,Treyismorelikelytobepopular.

b. Comparedtohisfriends,Treyismorelikelytohavegoodrelationshipswithhis parents.

c. Comparedtohisfriends,Treyismorelikelytoengageinvolunteeractivities.

d. Comparedtohisfriends,Treyismorelikelytohaveapoorbodyimage.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.4.5

Comparedtoearlymaturingboys,earlymaturinggirlsare_______likelytohaveanegative bodyimageand_______likelytobecomeinvolvedindelinquentbehaviors.

a. more;equally

b. more;less

c. less;more

d. equally;more

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.11Summarizethegenderdifferencesinhowboysandgirls respondtoreachingpubertyrelativelyearlyorlate.

Topic:SocialandPersonalResponsestoPuberty

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.5.1

_________studieshelpdisentanglethecorrelationallimitationofinterpretingpassive genotype→environmenteffects.

a. Adoption

b. Longitudinal

c. Cross-sectional

d. Ethnographic

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype→environmenteffects.

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype→ EnvironmentEffects

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.5.2

Whichofthefollowingbestreflectsanexampleofactivegenotype→environmenteffects?

a. Anadolescentboychoosestovolunteerinthelocalanimalshelterbecauseofhis longstandinginterestinbecomingaveterinarian.

b. Anadolescentboy’sparentsenrollhiminpianolessonsbecausetheythinkhe shoulddevelopmusicalskills.

c. Anadolescentgirl’sEnglishteacheraskshertojointhedebateclubbecauseshe isexcellinginherwritingcoursework.

d. Anadolescentgirl’sparentssendhertoboardingschoolbecauseshehas consistentlybeenexpelledfromschoolformisbehavior.

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype→environmenteffects.

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype→ EnvironmentEffects

Difficulty:2

EOM_Q2.5.3

genotype→environmenteffectsoccurwhenaperson’sinheritedcharacteristics stimulateresponsesfromothersintheirenvironment.

a. Evocative

b. Active

c. Passive

d. Effective

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.12Compareandcontrastpassive,evocative,andactive genotype→environmenteffects.

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype→ EnvironmentEffects

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.5.4

Accordingtothetheoryofgenotype→environmenteffects, genotype→ environmenteffectsarestablefromchildhoodthroughemergingadulthood.

a. evocative

b. active

c. passive

d. effective

Answer:a

LearningObjective:213Explainwhygenotype→environmenteffectschangeover time.

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype→ EnvironmentEffects

Difficulty:1

EOM_Q2.5.5

Anincreasein_________duringadolescenceishypothesizedtobethemainfactorexplaining increasesinactivegenotype→environmenteffects.

a. autonomy

b. parentalcontrol

c. cognitiveability

d. peerrelationships

Answer:a

LearningObjective:2.13Explainwhygenotype→environmenteffectschangeover time.

Topic:BiologicalDevelopmentandtheEnvironment:TheTheoryofGenotype→ EnvironmentEffects

Difficulty:2