MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) TheprimaryenergysourcesthatmaketheEarthanactivebodyincludeallbutwhichofthe following?
A) Theimpactofextraterrestrialbodies
B) Photosynthesis
C) TheEarth'sinternalheat
D) Gravity
E) TheSun
Answer: B
2) TheoutwardflowofEarth'sinternalenergyovergeologictimehasproducedour________.
A) atmosphere
B) allofthesearecorrect
C) noneofthesearecorrect
D) oceans
E) continents
Answer: B
3) TheoutwardflowofEarth'sinternalenergyovershorttimespansresultsinwhichofthefollowing naturalhazards?
A) Magneticstorms
B) Noneofthesearecorrect
C) Allofthesearecorrect
D) Volcaniceruptions
E) Massmovement
Answer: D
4) Theinnerrockyplanetsincludeallbutwhichofthefollowing?
A) Mercury B) Jupiter C) Earth D) Mars E) Venus
Answer: B
5) TherecognitionoftheEarth'sgreatagewasmadeby________uponobservationofthefeaturesof theScottishlandscape.
A) AlbertEinstein
B) WilliamWallace
C) JamesHutton
D) WilliamMcDougal
E) IsaacNewton
Answer: C
6) WhatisthemeaningofWillDurant's(1885-1981)expression:"Civilizationexistsbygeologic consents,subjecttochangewithoutnotice."?
A) Geologicconsentsarepredictableintimeandspace.
B) Geologicprocessesneversendusasignalorprecursor.
C) Westilldon'tcompletelyunderstandgeologicprocesses.
D) Geologicprocessesareusuallyveryquick,sothere'snotimeforhumanstorespond.
Answer: C
7) ANebulais:
A) arotatingcloudofsmallsolidparticles
B) arotatingdiskcomposedfromheliumandhydrogen
C) noneofthechoicesarecorrect
D) arotatingcloudofatmosphericgases(nitrogenandoxygen)
E) arotatingcloudofheterogeneousmaterials,ice,gasandothersolids
Answer: E
8) ThemainsourceofEarth'smeteoritesnowadaysis/are:
A) rockymaterialsfromVenus'ssurface
B) rockymaterialsfromMars'ssurface
C) meteoritesfromJupiter'satmosphere
D) noneofthesearecorrect
E) theAsteroidbelt
Answer: E
9) ThedecayproductofparentmaterialsuchasCarbon-14,is:
A) Nitrogen-14
B) Lead-206
C) Uranium-238
D) Argon-40
E) Carbon-12
Answer: A
10) WhendescribingthelayersoftheEarthbasedondifferentiationduetodensity,theinnercoreisa 2,450-kmdiameter________masswithtemperaturesupto4,300C.
A) liquid B) gaseous C) solid
Answer: C
11) WhendescribingthelayersoftheEarthbasedondifferentiationduetodensity,thelayer surroundingthecoreistherocky________nearly2,900kilometresthick.
A) mantle B) chondrule C) crust
Answer: A
12) WhendescribingthelayersoftheEarthbasedondifferentiationduetostrength,whichbest describesthesequenceoflayersfromthecentretothesurface?
A) Core,mesosphere,lithosphere,asthenosphere
B) Core,asthenosphere,mesosphere,lithosphere
C) Core,mesosphere,asthenosphere,lithosphere
D) Core,lithosphere,asthenosphere,mesosphere
Answer: C
13) Manymaterials,likeglaciericeandrocks,can________.
A) fracture
B) allofthesearecorrect
C) undergoductileflow,changingtheirshapepermanently
D) undergosmallrecoverableelasticdeformation
E) noneofthesearecorrect
Answer: B
14) Asradioactiveatomsdecay,energyis________.
A) released
B) absorbed
C) neitherabsorbednorreleased
D) maybeabsorbedorreleased,dependingonwhichisotopeisinvolvedinthedecay
Answer: A
15) Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A) Nuclearenergyfrombothplacesisfromfission.
B) Nuclearenergyfromthesunisfromfissionwhereasenergyfromradioactiveisotopesdecaying withintheearthisfromfusion.
C) Nuclearenergyfrombothplacesisfromfusion.
D) Nuclearenergyfromthesunisfromfusionwhereasenergyfromradioactiveisotopesdecaying withintheearthisfromfission.
Answer: D
16) Thelawofgravitystatesthattwobodiesattracteachotherwithaforcedirectlyproportionaltothe productoftheirmassesandinverselyproportionaltothe________ofthedistancebetweenthem.
A) firstpower B) square C) squareroot D) cube
Answer: B
17) Whenlargeglacialicemassisaddedontoland,land________androckatdepthflows________in theasthenosphere.
A) sinks,inward
B) lifts,outward
C) sinks,outward
D) lifts,inward
E) nothingwillhappenedsincelandandrocksarerigid
Answer: C
18) Whichofthefollowingnaturalhazardsisnotthedirectresultoftheprocessofplatetectonics?
A) Volcaniceruptions
C) Flooding
Answer: C
B) Earthquakes
D) Mountainbuilding
19) Whichofthefollowingisnotabasictenetofplatetectonics?
A) Thenewlithosphereslowlymoveslaterallyawayfromthezonesofoceaniccrustformationon topoftheunderlyingasthenosphere.
B) Meltedasthenosphereflowsupwardasmagmaandcoolstoformnewoceanfloorlithosphere.
C) Theslabpulledintotheasthenospherebeginstheprocessofreabsorptionintothemantle.
D) Theslabpulledintotheasthenospherebeginstheprocessofmeltingandmovesintotheliquid core.
E) Whentheleadingedgeofamovingslabofoceaniclithospherecollideswithanotherslab,the denserslabturnsdownwardandispulledbygravitybackintotheasthenosphere(subduction), whiletheless-dense,morebuoyantslaboverridesit.
Answer: D
20) Thetimeneededforatypicalatominanoceanicplatetocompleteaplate-tectoniccycleis ________.
A) aboutahundredthousandyears
B) about10millionyears
C) aboutamillionyears
D) about4billionyears
E) inexcessof250millionyears
Answer: E
21) Whichofthefollowingareincorrectlymatched?
A) Transformplateboundary-Shear
B) Hotspot-Shear
C) Convergentzone-Compression
D) Continentalriftzone-Tension
E) Divergentzone-Tension
Answer: B
22) Theactivetriplejunctionin________Africaisgeologicallyyoung,formingabout25millionyears ago.
A) western
B) northeastern
C) southern
D) southwestern
E) southeastern
Answer: B
23) Thethreebasicclassesofcollisionsincludeallbutwhichofthefollowing?
A) Oceanicplateversuscontinentalplate B) Oceanicplateversusoceanicplate
C) Continentalplateversuscontinentalplate D) Mantleversuslithosphericplate
Answer: D
24) Thegrandestcontinentalconvergentzoneinthemodernworldistheongoingcollisionof ________.
A) theAfricaplatebytheSouthAmericanplate
B) theNorthAmericanplatebythePacificplate
C) theSomaliaplatebytheAfricaplate
D) theAfricaplatebytheArabiaplate
E) theAsiaplatebytheIndiaplate
Answer: E
25) Atwhichofthefollowinglocationsdoessubductionoccur?
A) Alongcollisionzonesbetweencontinentalandoceanicplates
B) Alongcollisionzonesbetweentwocontinentalplates
C) Atseafloorspreadingzones
D) Atriftzones
E) Abovemantlehotspots
Answer: A
26) Whenoceaniclithospherecollideswithanotheroceanicplate,the________intheprocessof subduction.
A) platesbothdisappeardownward
B) platespileup,formingmid-oceanridges
C) younger,warmerplategoesbeneaththeolder,colderplate
D) older,colderplategoesbeneaththeyounger,warmerplate
Answer: D
27) TheHimalayasarelocatedatwhichofthefollowingtectonicplateboundaries?
A) Ahotspot B) Divergent C) Convergent D) Transform E) Subduction
Answer: C
28) TheHawaiianIslandsarelocated________.
A) aboveamidoceanictrench
B) aboveahotspotinthemesosphere
C) abovethemidoceanicridge
D) aboveariftzone
E) aboveamidoceanicsubductionzone
Answer: B
29) Allofthecontinentswereoncecombinedintoasinglesupercontinentcalled________.
A) Panthalassa
B) Laurasia
C) Gondwanaland
D) Tethys
E) Pangaea
Answer: E
30) WhichofthefollowingisattributedtotheCanadiangeophysicistJ.TuzoWilson?
A) Discoveryofmagneticreversalofthepoles
B) Theoryforhotspotvolcanoes
C) Theoryofcontinentaldrift
D) Discoveryforslab-pullmechanism
E) Seafloorspreadinghypothesis
Answer: B
31) Afterlavacoolsbelowthe________point,about550C,atomsiniron-bearingmineralsbecome magnetizedinthedirectionoftheEarth'smagneticfieldatthattimeandplace.
A) solidus
B) magnetization
C) Curie
D) critical
E) triple
Answer: C
32) Ifsea-floorspreadingoccursataconstantrate,thewidthsofmagnetizedseafloorstripeshave ________ratiosasthelengthsoftimebetweensuccessivereversalsoftheEarth'smagneticfield.
A) thesame B) opposite C) triple D) critical E) twotoone
Answer: A
33) Theoldestrocksontheoceanfloorsareabout________yearsinagebecausetimeneededto completethetectoniccycleismorethan________.
A) 200million;250million
B) 50,000;60,000
C) 2billion;2.5billion
D) 4.5billion;4.57billion
E) 1million;2million
Answer: A
34) Asanobservermovesawayfromtheoceanicridges,theseafloorvolcanicrocksandislands ________.
A) donotchangesignificantlyinage
B) becomeprogressivelyolder
C) becomeprogressivelyyounger
Answer: B
35) Thehotspot-melting-through-lithosphereprocessformslinesofextinctvolcanoesontheocean floor,fromyoungesttooldest,________.
A) withrandomagesalongthelines
B) pointingintheoppositedirectionofplatemovement
C) inadirectionpointingtowardthesun
D) pointingat90degreestothedirectionofplatemovement
E) pointinginthedirectionofplatemovement
Answer: E
36) Movingprogressivelyawayfromtheridges,theoceanwaterdepthsincreasesystematicallywith seafloorageduetoallbutwhichofthefollowing?
A) Erosionoftheolderoceanfloorbydeepoceancurrents
B) Coolingandcontractionoftheoceaniccrustwitharesultantincreaseindensity
C) Isostaticdownwarpingduetotheweightofsedimentsdepositedontheseafloor
Answer: A
37) ThemajorityoftheEarth'sgreatestearthquakesbetween1900-2013werecausedbythe________.
A) subductionofthePacificplate
B) subductionoftheNazcaplate
C) divergenceoftheAustralianandtheNazcaplates
D) divergenceoftheSomaliandtheIndiaplates
E) convergenceoftheIndiaintotheArabianplates
Answer: A
38) Thegreatestearthquakesintheworldoccur________.
A) intheinteriorsofindividualplates B) whereplatesslidepasteachother
C) whereplatesseparatefromoneanother D) whereplatescollidewitheachother
Answer: D
39) Hotspotsaccountoftheeruptionofapproximately________ofallmagma.
A) 10% B) 25% C) 50% D) 80%
Answer: A
40) Velocityoftheplatesdependson________.
A) atmosphericpressure
B) hydrostaticpressure(thicknessoftheoceanicwater)
C) combinedatmosphericpressureandhydrostaticpressure
D) thepropertiesofthemesosphere
E) thepropertiesoftheasthenosphere
Answer: E
41) Thestagesinamodelofanewdevelopingseaare:
A) platesubduction,doming,rifting,andspreading.
B) centering,doming,rifting,andspreading.
C) noneofthechoicesarecorrect.
D) centering,doming,rifting,andcontinentalerosion.
E) hotspot,shieldvolcano,oceanicspreading,andtrenchdeveloping.
Answer: B
42) Thefather(s)ofplateTectonicsis(are)________andtheprooffortheconceptcomesfrom ________.
A) MarieCurie;parallelbandsofmagnetizedrocks
B) PatrickAbbottandSusanWilson;parallelbandsofmagnetizedrocks
C) ClaireSamson;waterdepthinoceans
D) TuzoWilson;alternatingpolaritiesofseafloorrocks
E) AlfredHesse;chemicalcompositionofcontinentalrocks
Answer: D
43) WhentheoceanicplatesubductsbeneathJapan,aportionoftheoceanicplateinthemesosphere generatesearthquakesonlyat(in):
A) theperipheryofthesubductingoceanicplate
B) noneofthechoicesarecorrect
C) theinteriorofthesubductingoceanicplate
D) bothperipheryandinteriorofthesubductingoceanicplate
E) themesosphere,duetotherigidityofthiszone
Answer: C
44) WhenyoulookatthelistofEarth'sGreatestEarthquakes(1900-2013)thedominantcauseof earthquakesis(are):
A) worldwiderifting
B) subduction
C) hotspots
D) spreadingoftheplates
E) collisionoftheplates
Answer: B
45) Whyarecontinent-continentcollisionzonesnotassociatedwithvolcanism?
A) Thecontinentalrockstacksintoextra-thickmasses,whichactasabarriertorisingmagma
B) Theyarerelativelydistantfromtheliquidoutercore,whichisamagmasource.
C) Theyarenotlocatedattheplateboundaries.
D) Noneofthechoicesarecorrect
E) Thereisslidingbetweencontinents,whichactasalid
Answer: A
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
46) ThetwomainconstituentsoftheSunarethelightweightelementshydrogen(H)andhelium(He).
Answer: True False
47) ThenextfourplanetsoutwardbeyondEarthareJupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptune.
Answer: True False
48) Ironformsaboutone-thirdoftheEarth'smass,andalthoughitismuchdenserthanordinaryrock,it meltsatamuchlowertemperature.
Answer: True False
49) ThecentreoftheEarthiscomposedofadense,iron-richcoremeasuringabout7,000kmin diameter.
Answer: True False
50) Wrappedaroundthecoreisanearly2,900-km-thick,rockymantlecomprising83%oftheEarth's volume.
Answer: True False
51) Floatingatopthehot,buoyantrockofthemantleisamosaiccrustofmoredenserocks.
Answer: True False
52) DuringthelastglacialperiodtheweightoftheicesheetcausedthelandaroundHudson'sBayto sinkmorethanakilometre.
Answer: True False
53) TheEarthiscomprised,fromcoretoatmosphere,ofdensity-stratifiedlayers.
Answer: True False
54) TheEarth'slayeringcanbedescribedeitheras1)separationsbasedondifferingdensitiesdueto varyingchemicalandmineralcompositions,or2)layerswithdifferentstrengths.
Answer: True False
55) BothtemperatureandpressuredecreasecontinuouslyfromtheEarth'ssurfacetothecore.
Answer: True False
56) Increasingtemperaturecausesrocktoexpandinvolumeandbecomedenserandmorecapableof flowingunderpressure.
Answer: True False
57) Increasingpressurecausesrocktodecreaseinvolumeandbecomedenserandmorerigid.
Answer: True False
58) Theconceptofisostasyappliesabuoyancyprincipletothelow-densitycontinentsandmountain rangesthatfloatonthelessdensemantlebelow.
Answer: True False
59) TheyoungEarthhadamuchlargernumberofradioactiveisotopesbutamuchlowerheat productionfromthemthanitdoesnow.
Answer: True False
60) TheoldestEarthrocksfoundtodateare4.03billionyearsoldinNorthwestTerritoriesofCanada.
Answer: True False
61) JamesHuttonrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheEarthbyhypothesizingthatthetimerequired toshapetheEarthwasverygreat.
Answer: True False
62) Radioactiveisotopesinrocksactasclocksthatcanbeusedtodatetheageoftheigneousrock.
Answer: True False
63) Chondrulesaresmallroundedstonymeteoritesapproximately10,000yearsold.
Answer: True False
64) Rockiscapableofflowonlyifincreasingpressureanddecreasingtemperatureareapplied.
Answer: True False
65) ThenuclearfusionintheSunformsheliumfromsplittinghydrogenatoms,thisprocessalsorequire someenergyabsorption.
Answer: True False
66) ThebreakupofPangaeaabout180millionyearsagocreatedtwolargecontinentalmasses,Laurasia andGondwanaland.
Answer: True False
67) Pangaeacovered60%oftheEarth'ssurfacewhilePanthalassacoveredtheremaining40%.
Answer: True False
68) Theoutercoreismostlyliquid,andtheviscousmovementsofconvectioncurrentswithinitare responsibleforgeneratingplatetectonics.
Answer: True False
69) Thegiganticpiecesoflithosphericplatesdiverging,slidingpast,orcollidingwitheachotherare directlyresponsibleforthevastmajorityoftheearthquakes,volcaniceruptions,andmountainson Earth.
Answer: True False
70) WhendatafromtheEarth'smagneticfieldlockedinsideseafloorrocksbecamewidelyunderstood, skepticsaroundtheworldwereconvincedthatseafloorspreadingoccursandthattheconceptof platetectonicsisvalid.
Answer: True False
71) TheflooroftheAtlanticOceanisstripedbyparallelbandsofmagnetizedrockthatshowalternating polaritiesinapatternthatissymmetricalandparalleltothemid-oceanspreadingcentre.
Answer: True False
72) Subductedslabscompletelymeltinthecoreandmixwiththesurroundingmagmaatthecentreof theEarth.
Answer: True False
73) ThegreatestmountainrangesonEarthlieontheoceanbottomsandextendmorethan65,000 kilometres.
Answer: True False
74) Thedeepoceantrenchesarethetopsofthesubductingplatesturningdownwardtore-enterthe asthenosphere.
Answer: True False
75) ThedistributionofseveralfossilsonoppositesidesoftheAtlanticOceanandthecontinuityof geologicstructureondifferentcontinentssuggeststhatallthecontinentswereoncepartofPangaea.
Answer: True False
76) Themapofearthquakeepicentrescanbeviewedasaconnect-the-dotspuzzle.
Answer: True False
77) Theoldestseafloorrocksarefoundnearestthemid-oceanridges.
Answer: True False
78) HotspotshaveactivevolcanoesabovethemontheEarth'ssurfaceandmovingplatescarrythe volcanoesawayfromtheirhot-spotsource.
Answer: True False
79) Abovetheoceanicridges,theoceanisrelativelydeepcomparedtofurtherawayfromtheridges.
Answer: True False
80) Theratesofplatemovementarecomparabletothoseofhumanfingernailgrowth.
Answer: True False
81) Thedivergentorpull-apartmotionatspreadingcentrescausesrockstofailintension,yielding mainlysmallerearthquakesthatdonotposeanespeciallygreatthreattohumans.
Answer: True False
82) Aslide-pastmotionoccursasrigidlithosphericplatesfractureandmovearoundtheEarthin horizontalmovementsoftransformfaults,creatinglargeearthquakes.
Answer: True False
83) Theconvergentmotionsthatoccuratsubductionzonesandincontinent-continentcollisionsstore immenseamountsofenergythatarereleasedinEarth'slargestearthquakes.
Answer: True False
84) Whenacontinentisinvolvedinacollisionataconvergentplateboundary,itcannotsubduct becauseitshugevolumeoflow-density,high-buoyancyrockscannotsinktogreatdepthandcannot bepulledintothedensermantlerocksbelow.
Answer: True False
85) Thefateofoceanicplatesisdestructionviasubductionandreabsorptionintothemantle,whereas continentsfloataboutontheasthenosphereinperpetuity.
Answer: True False
86) TheprecollisioncrustsofIndiaandAsiawereeachabout35-kmthick;afterthecollision,the combinedcrusthasbeenthickenedtoasmuchas100km.
Answer: True False
87) Atopographicandbathymetricmapshowthethicknessoftheoceanwateraboveatrenchand thicknessofamountain,
Answer: True False
88) PascalAudetinstalledaseismicrecordingstationincentralYukonbecausethisisaseismically quietareaandearthquakesfromdistantareassuchasthewestcoastofCostaRicacanbebetter studied.
Answer: True False
89) JapanandtheAleutianIslandsofAlaskarepresentanislandarcofvolcanoes.
Answer: True False
90) ThematerialofTablelandsGrosMorneNationalPark,Newfoundlandwasformedduringoceanic plateversusoceanicplatecollision.
Answer: True False
91) AftertheIndianplatewithEuroasianplatecollision,thehugemassoftheHimalayaswasformed andanyfurtherassaultisstopped.
Answer: True False
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED2
1) B
2) B
3) D
4) B
5) C
6) C
7) E
8) E
9) A
10) C
11) A
12) C
13) B
14) A 15) D
16) B
17) C
18) C
19) D
20) E
21) B
22) B
23) D
24) E
25) A
26) D
27) C
28) B
29) E
30) B
31) C
32) A
33) A
34) B
35) E
36) A
37) A
38) D
39) A
40) E
41) B
42) D
43) C
44) B
45) A
46) TRUE
47) FALSE
48) TRUE
49) TRUE
50) TRUE
Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED2
51) FALSE 52) TRUE 53) TRUE 54) TRUE 55) FALSE 56) FALSE 57) TRUE 58) FALSE 59) FALSE 60) TRUE 61) TRUE 62) TRUE 63) FALSE 64) FALSE 65) FALSE 66) TRUE 67) FALSE 68) FALSE 69) TRUE 70) TRUE 71) TRUE 72) FALSE 73) TRUE 74) TRUE 75) TRUE 76) TRUE 77) FALSE 78) TRUE 79) FALSE 80) TRUE 81) TRUE 82) TRUE 83) TRUE 84) TRUE 85) TRUE 86) FALSE 87) FALSE 88) FALSE 89) TRUE 90) TRUE 91) FALSE