Building Analysis Project--Arizona Cancer Center

THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA

THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA CANCER CENTER AT DIGNITY HEALTH ST. JOSEPH’S HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER

Building analysis by Arielle Eleazar and Tessa Winkelhake

THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA,

THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA CANCER CENTER AT DIGNITY HEALTH ST. JOSEPH’S HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER Phoenix, Arizona ZGF Architects

Building analysis by Arielle Eleazar and Tessa Winkelhake Arch 341, Fall 2018 Lab instructor: Stacey White

Cover image: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

MESSAGE FROM THE AUTHORS Throughout the course of evaluating this project, we learned a lot about prioritizing the comfort and ease of the main user groups. Human comfort, especially in a healthcare/reasearch facility is a key factor in designing an easily accessible and user friendly space. Thinking about program before form will help create a space that is more enjoyable to use. We also learned about how each programmatic element relates to one another, as this is a building with many functions and different room types. It requires meticulous planning to consolidate areas and circulation of each floor. This relates directly back to our studio project for the quarter: a health center, recreation center, and one other programatic element. Studying this allowed us to have a better understanding of how to lay out spaces in our own designs.

One of the main elements of this project that is helpful in our studio project is the copper screen that serves both as a shading device and a facade element. The form and angles of this element were helpful in understaning how to properly use shading devices. In addition, the color palette used in this building provided us thorough understanding on how color affects a user’s perception and comfortability in a space. Finally, while the building heavily relies on active strategies for humant comfort because of its programmatic nature, it greatly helped us to be more thoughtful about the placement of both active and passive strategies on different areas of our studio project.

Overall, studying this project helped us learn about the importance of active and passive strategies, programatic layout, and overall human comfort, and will influence the designs we create in the future.

Thank you.

- Arielle and Tessa

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1_Project Summary 2_Place 3_Form and Assemblies 4_Perception and Performance 5_References

1_PROJECT SUMMARY PROJECT DATA Location: Phoenix, Arizona Year of completed construction: 2015 Total area: 220,000 sq ft Total construction cost: $87 million Certifications: LEED Gold

TEAM Client: The University of Arizona Architect: ZGF Architects LLP Landscape:Wheat Scharf Associates Structure: Holben, Martin & White / John A. Martin Associates MEP and FP: Affiliated Engineers Inc. Civil: Dibble Engineering Lighting: Francis Krahe & Associates Acoustics: Colin Gordon Associates General Contractor: Hensel Phelps Construction

1.1 Valet and Main Entry

Photo: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

ARCHITECT PROFILE Founded in 1942 in Portland, Oregon, ZGF Architect’s have a variety of offices around the US that focus on creating projects focused on performance and well-being. They are heavily influenced by the physical environment and seek to create spaces that go beyond technical performance and incorporate materiality, stainability, beauty and craft. Their work is aimed to serve people of all generations while creating humane, responsive environments.

ZGF works on a wide variety of project types including healthcare and research, academic, mixed use, transportation and more. They are known for their ability to work with clients and give them what they want while still producing an architecturally advanced space. The design process includes having thorough talks with the clients that involve analyzing issues and goals while still considering programmatic needs. They design for the current needs while providing flexibility for the future design goals.

ZGF has received over 850 design awards including the AIA architecture firm award. The firm’s focus on sustainable design and stewardship for the environment as well as the collaborative and iterative design process has lead to the innovative and forward thinking projects they are known for.

1.2 (l) Surrey City Development Corporation, 3 Civic Plaza Photo: ZGF Architects

1.3 (r) Microsoft Corporation Photo: ZGF Architects

1.4 Pearl Izumi North American Corporate Headquarters Photo: ZGF Architects

PROJECT BACKGROUND AND DESIGN PROCESS The Arizona Cancer Center is a research facility for cancer patients. As it is an out-patient facility, access to entry points for the primary users was an important part of design. Having a well daylight space is important for the health of the users, especially when those users are primarily cancer patients. The firm wanted to provide ample day lighting while still controlling heat gains. The solution to this was the copper screen shading devise seen primarily on the East and West facades. Seeing as this is a cancer research facility, a large area for radiation was required. In order to safely accommodate the radiation areas, all radiation spaces were placed on the ground floor and enclosed with two foot thick concrete walls faced with stone on the exterior. Overall, the main goal of this project was to provide cancer researchers and cancer patients with maximum human comfort possible and bring a higher level of cancer care to the greater Phoenix area.

1.5-9 Design Drivers

(Left to right) Illustration: ZGF Architects LLP; Photo: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

Massing Model scale: 1/64” = 1’-0”

MASSING AND CONFIGURATION

1 Entry 2 Cafe 3 Radiology 4 Research 5 Radiation/Oncology 6 Infusion 7 Pharmacy 8 Survivorship 9 Lab 10 Administration

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Gynecology Breast Program Supportive Care Dermatology Gastrointestinal Head and Neck Prep/recover Endoscopy Genitourinary Thoracic

A

3 7 1 4

Second Floor Plan

0’ 5’

20’

2

9

5

8

First Floor Plan

10

Second Floor Plan

15

12 A 11 4

16

19

4

20

13

14

17

18

Third Floor Plan 0’ 10’

25’

Fourth Floor Plan 50’

Composite diagram

GRAPHIC SUMMARY

Program

Structure

Envelope

Shading Envelope

Energy

Daylight

Circulation

Egress and Fire Life Safety

2_PLACE

2.1 Water Use Cycle

Illustration: City Of Phoenix

REGIONAL RESOURCES The Colorado River supplies almost half of the water supply of Phoenix City, with 85% of the river’s water coming from melted snow of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming mountains. The water is collected in Lake Powell reservoir and Glen Canyon Dam, generating 4.5 billion kilowatt hours of electricity distributed among western United States. To preserve potable water, wastewater from residences and businesses are sent to the city’s three treatment plants, and reclaimed water is reused to cool Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station, as well as to irrigate farmlands, turfs, and Tres Rios wetlands.

2.2 Aerial view Photo: Google

0’

40’

100’

200’

CONTEXT The project is located on the north side of the Phoenix Biomedical Campus, serving as the clinical marker of the complex. The site location addresses the needs for parking and amenities access of its patients and employees, as well as providing a comfortable experience to the pedestrians. Integration of landscaping, as well as views of the mountains on the north allow for enhanced user experience.

2.3 Sun Path

Source: SunCalc

CLIMATE ANALYSIS AND RESPONSE Phoenix is considered a hot desert climate. The site experiences a high shift of temperature between day and night. Since cancer patients have highly sensitive comfort levels, use of active strategies is the best route to control climate. Hydronic pipes via chilled beam systems is the most suitable way to help users feel more comfortable inside the building. Natural ventilation is also highly utilized as part of the HVAC system. This resulted to an annual energy cost savings of 21%.

2.4 Wind Rose Diagram Source: Climate Consultant

Passive Solar Sun-shading Thermal Mass Evaporative Cooling Internal Heat Gain

Comfort zones show: Summer clothing on right; Winter clothing on left

2.5 Psychrometric Chart (Comfort Level Zone) Source: Climate Consultant

3_FORM AND ASSEMBLIES Level 6

Level 5

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

Treatment Circulation Unprogrammed Survivorship Mechanical Pharmacy Administration Research/Lab Lobby

Level 1

PROGRAM The space is a cancer research center. There are laboratories, offices, and hospital like functions such as radiology and preparation and recovery. The space also provides mental support for patients being treated for cancer.

3.1 Infusion Area

Photo: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

3.2 Radiotherapy

Photo: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

3.3 Registration

Photo: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

STRUCTURE Concrete columns and floor slabs are the main supports for the ground up to fifth floors. Lateral loads are transferred to the cylindrical pier foundation, with varying diameter and length depending on the area supported.

Hollow steel is mainly used for the columns and beam system of the mechanical rooms as well as the copper screen envelopes. Stairs are attached to concrete columns for moment support.

3.4 Exterior Mock Up

Photo: ZGF Architects LLP

ENVELOPE: STONE TILES AND CURTAIN WALLS The building uses earth-tone color pallette to introduce a warm and inviting atmosphere for the place, hence the stone tilework. This also hides the storage facilities at the ground floor, which also houses the radiology department surrounded with 2-feet deep walls to prevent radiation from leaking out. Glass envelope were primarily used from the second story up to maximize daylight and offer view to the occupants. The North and South facade were lined up with curtain walls, while the East and West use strips to prevent external heat gain.

3.5-6 South Facade Curtain Wall / East Facade Stone Tile Veneer Photos: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

SHADING ENVELOPE: COPPER SCREENS Situated at the east and west facades to maximize daylight distribution and prevent glare, this exo-skin became the most prominent feature of the building. The flaps are opened up to the north to offer view to its occupants.

3.7 Copper Screen Close-Up

Photo: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

4_PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE

ENERGY AND DAYLIGHTING PERFORMANCE Based on Zero Tool, this a project of this type should be down to 59 kBTU/ft2/yr by 2030. There could be more techniques used to lower down the EUI and bring more daylight into the building. However, it should be noted that the nature of the program requires strict climate control, as the space is meant to serve and treat people with cancer.

roof exterior wall interior wall glazing floor shading

Energy Model

Daylight Model

4.1 Copper Screen Assembly Illustration: ZGF Architects LLP

SHADING ENVELOPE: OPEN EXTERIOR SHADING The building is integrated with an exterior shading with 40% perforation to block sunlight while maintaining welldistributed, usable daylight in the interior perimeter spaces. These also meets the building’s program requirement in which occupant comfort and performance of critical tasks are of the highest priority.

4.2 Chilled Beam System Illustration: ZGF Architects LLP

ACTIVE STRATEGY: CHILLED BEAM MECHANICAL SYSTEM Utilizing a decoupled HVAC system, the building uses chilled beams for heating and cooling plus a dedicated outdoor air handling unit to provide air ventilation. This approach lead air handlers become one-third of the size required by traditional mixed air system, and a 21% annual energy-cost savings. The chilled beam system is also critical in maintaining a controlled environment for infusion therapy patients. It is also designed to sound louder in select spaces to mask conversations in adjacent areas.

CIRCULATION The main enterance to this space is located on the West facade, and opens into a lobby and cafe area. There are three main stair ways, as well as a variety of elevators for vertical circulation. One stair case traverses only two stories, while the other two go through all stories and are fire rated. the different areas of the cancer center are connected with hallways to accomodate the many patient care rooms and research facilities.

4.3-4 Entrance into Cafe / Main Stairs

Photo: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

EGRESS AND FIRE LIFE SAFETY The exit access, exit, and exit discharge of the building are all integrated into the regular circulation of the space.

The main stairs, show to the right, are centrally located and fire-rated. The exit access utilizes the hallways used on an everyday basis to get users safely to the fire stairs. The exit discharge lead users directly to the sidewalk and to safety from fire. This uses a lower construction type as it is a health care facility and patients require longer to exit safely.

4.5 Fire-rated stairs

Photo: Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers

5_REFERENCES NOTES 1. “The University of Arizona, The University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity Health St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center.” ZGF Architects LLP. Accessed September 26, 2018. https://www.zgf.com/project/ua-cancer-center 2. McKnight, Jenna. “The University of Arizona Cancer Center.” July 01, 2016. Architectural Record. Accessed September 26, 2018. https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/11763-the-university-of-arizona-cancer-center

BIBLIOGRAPHY “The University of Arizona, The University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity Health St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center.” ZGF Architects LLP. Accessed September 26, 2018. https://www.zgf.com/project/ua-cancer-center “University of Arizona Cancer Center / ZGF Architects.” October 25, 2016. ArchDaily. Accessed 26 September 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/797911/university-of-arizona-cancer-center-zgf-architects McKnight, Jenna. “The University of Arizona Cancer Center.” July 01, 2016. Architectural Record. Accessed September 26, 2018. https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/11763-the-university-of-arizona-cancer-center Stoughton, John. “AIA Award-winning Cancer Center Showcases a Minimalist Brise-soleil.” August 12, 2016. The Architects Newspaper. Accessed September 26, 2018. https://archpaper.com/2016/08/aia-award-winning-cancer-center-showcases-minimalist-brise-soleil University of Arizona Cancer Center. “About.” The University of Arizona Health Sciences. Accessed September 26, 2018. https://uacc.arizona.edu/about-us “Water Efficiency Interactive Site.” City Of Phoenix. Accessed September 26, 2018. https://www.phoenix.gov/waterservices/resourcesconservation/water-efficiency#!SourcesArea

IMAGE CREDITS Cover image: photograph © Nick Merrick / Hedrich Blessing Photographers “University of Arizona Cancer Center / ZGF Architects.” October 25, 2016. ArchDaily. Accessed September 24, 2018. https://www.archdaily.com/797911/university-of-arizona-cancer-center-zgf-architects 1.2 photograph © Charlie Shuck. Century Group. April 2018. ZGF Architects. In Century Group / Surrey City Development Corporation, 3 Civic Plaza. April 2018. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.zgf.com/project/century-group-surrey-city-development-corporation-3-civic-plaza-2.

1.3 photograph © Charlie Shuck. Microsoft Corperation Stairs. January 2014. ZGF Architects. In Microsoft Corporation. January 2014. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.zgf.com/project/microsoft-corporation.

1.4 photograph © Garcia, Raul. Pearl Izumi USA. October 2013. ZGF Architects. In Pearl Izumi North American Corporate Headquarters. October 2013. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://www.zgf.com/project/pearl-izumi-hq.

1.5 illustration © ZGF Architects LLP Stoughton, John. “AIA Award-winning Cancer Center Showcases a Minimalist Brise-soleil.” August 12, 2016. The Architects Newspaper. Accessed December 9, 2018. https://archpaper.com/2016/08/aia-award-winning-cancer-center-showcases-minimalist-brise-soleil.

2.1 illustration © City of Phoenix “Water Efficiency Interactive Site.” City Of Phoenix. Accessed September 26, 2018. https://www.phoenix.gov/waterservices/resourcesconservation/water-efficiency#!SourcesArea. etc. etc. etc.

All other images were created by the authors.