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ReceivedJul19,2021
TELKOMNIKATelecommunication,Computing,ElectronicsandControl Vol.20,No.5,October2022,pp.979∼987
RevisedJun15,2022
1. INTRODUCTION
JulianWesley1,Fifilia2,CynthiaCatrine1,DennisAntony1,FerdianRizkyEstefan1
Dataisthesourceofinformation.Dataisanillustrationofthingsandeventsthatweface,areality thatdescribesrealeventsandunity[1].Tobeabletodrawconclusions,adatacollectionstageisneeded.Data collectionmethodisatechniqueusedbyresearchersorsystemanalyststobeablecollectimportantfacts[2]. Sotheprocessofcollectingdataisimportant,becausetheinformationcollectedandhowitisexplainedis determinedbythemethodologyandanalyticalapproachappliedbytheresearcherintheresearch[3].Survey isanactivitythataimstocollectinformationaboutalargepopulationandrelativelyquickly[4].Thebasic characteristicinapplyingthesurveymethodisdatacollectedthathascertainstandardswhicharegenerally designedintheformofquestionnairesorinterviews[5]–[7].
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Articlehistory:
WebBased
Thisresearchaimstocreateaweb-basedapplicationforsharingquestionnaires. Thedevelopedfeaturesarecreatingquestionnaires,sharingquestionnaireinthe dashboard,filterthequestionnaireastherequestedcriterias,exchangetherewardedcoinsforgifts,exportquestionnairedatatoadocument,setalimitfor thequestionnaireforeachdevice.Thedevelopmentwillbeusingdatacollecting usingquestionnaireandliteraturestudy.Then,softwaredevelopmentlifecycle (SDLC)waterfallresearchmethodologywillbeusedforthewebsitesystemdevelopment.Resultofthisresearchwillbeawebsiteapplicationthatwillbeused forquestionnairemakersothattheycanreachtherespondentcounttarget,have asuitablerespondent(minimizerespondentwhodoesnotmeetthecriteria),and alsocancollectmorevalidateddata.
Thisisanopenaccessarticleunderthe CCBY-SA license.
Email:julianwesley@binus.ac.id
Keywords: Design Features Online Questionnaire
2InformationSystemDepartment,SchoolofInformationSystems,BinaNusantaraUniversity,Indonesia11480
ArticleInfo
CorrespondingAuthor:
Modeldesigntodeveloponlinewebbasedquestionnaire
AcceptedJul01,2022
ISSN:1693-6930,DOI:10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i5.23768 979
1ComputerScienceDepartment,SchoolofComputerScience,BinaNusantaraUniversity,Indonesia11480
JulianWesley
ComputerScienceDepartment,SchoolofComputerScience,BinaNusantaraUniversity Jakarta,Indonesia11480
ABSTRACT
Oneofthemostfrequentlyusedmethodstocollectresearchdataisaquestionnaire,becausethemain purposeofaquestionnaireistohelpextractdatafromrespondents.Theadvantagesofusingaquestionnaireare thatitsavesabudget,doesnotrequirespecialequipment,themeasurementresultsarebasedonuseropinions alsocanprovideinformationaboutthestrengthsandweaknessesofaproductorservice[8].Questionnaires allowquantitativedatatobecollectedinastandardizedmannersothatthedataisinternallyconsistentand coherentforanalysis[9].Questionnairesalsohavemoreadvantagesthanitdisadvantages,particularlyforthe lowresponserate[5],[6],[10]–[12].
Generally,intraditionalwayresearcherswillprintoutquestionnairesanddistributethemtorespondentsrandomlyoreventosomeselectedrespondent[13],[14].Thereareseveralwaysavailabletocreateand sharequestionnaires,suchasviatheweb,email,andmore[15],[16].However,distributingquestionnaires viaemailisrarelyusedbecauseitislesspractical,andcausesalackofrespondents’answers[17].Currently http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id
Basedontheseproblems,wewanttodevelopanideatocreateaweb-basedapplicationthatbrings togetherrespondentswithquestionnairemakers.Byimplementingaweb-basedapplication,itwillhelpto distributethequestionnairewithoutbeinghinderedbytimeandplace,sothatcanbecomeasolutionfordata collection.Therearesomeaddedfeaturessuchascoincollectionfeatures.Theapplicationofthiscurrent trendisexpectedtoincreasetheresponserate,themotivationofrespondentsincompletingwhenfillingoutthe questionnaire[25],aswellasincreasingthenumberofrespondentswhocanfilloutthequestionnaire,anditis hopedthattherespondentsdonotleaveinthemiddleoffillingoutthequestionnaire.Anadditionalfeaturethat willbeaddedinthedesignisthefilterfeature,sothatthequestionnairecanonlybefilledoutbyrespondents whomeetthecriteria,aswellastheshareondashboardfeaturesothatthequestionnairecanbeviewedand filledoutbymorerespondents.
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Inadditiontothenumberofrespondents,thevalidityofthedataalsoveryimportant.Thelowresponse rateindatacollectionwillallowtheresearchdatatobenotcredibleandhaveapoorquality.Biasedresearch resultsmakeitlackorevenhavenocredibilitytobeusedasabasisforpolicymakingbytheauthorities[23]. Oneoftechniquetocheckthevalidityorcredibilityofthedataistriangulationtechnique.Datatriangulation ischeckingdatabymeansofre-examination,orincolloquialtermsitiscalledcheckandrecheck.Datathatis declaredvalidthroughtriangulationwillprovideconfidenceforresearchersaboutitsvalidity,sotherewillbe nodoubtinmakingtheconclusionsabouttheresearchconducted[24].
mostofpractitionersalsousingquestionnairesthatalreadyavailableonthewebsitebecausetheyareconsideredmoreeffectiverelatedtothesensitiveissues,canreducetheriskofsocialbias,andrespondentscan answermorehonestlybecausethereisnointerviewer,allowsmoredatatobecollectedthanwithconventional mailedpaperquestionnaires[18]–[20].Disseminationofquestionnairesusingwebcanbeusedtocollectdata withoutlimitationsofspaceandtimealsomakingiteasiertorecruitlargenumbersofparticipants,sotherespondentscanfillitoutanywhereandanytimetheywantbyonline[20].Themainobstacleindatacollection throughquestionnairesisnotallsurveyscanbesuccessfullycarriedout[21].Problemthatisoftenfacedin datacollectionthroughquestionnairesisthedifficultyofgettingtherespondents,sothatthepredetermined targetnumberofrespondentsisdifficulttoachieve.Thatlowparticipationofrespondentsofthisquestionnaire iscallednon-responseerror,whichisdividedintothreetypes,namelyindividualswhodonotparticipateor non-responseunits,individualswholeavewhenfillingoutasurveyorpartialnon-response,andindividuals whofailtoprovideananswertoanindividualquestionornon-responseitem[22].
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Problemidentification:atthisstageweidentifytheproblemsfacedbymanypeoplearound,which solutionshavenotbeenfoundyet.
Thisstudyaimedtoestablishtheconceptandmodelofonlinequestionnairedesign,inordertodevelop themodel,waterfallinsoftwaredevelopmentlifecyclebySommerville[26],wherethedevelopmentphaseis carriedoutsequentially.Theadvantageofusingthismethodisthatthedatacollectionprocessmustbedefined first.Thefollowingarethedetailsofthestagesindesigninganapplicationbasedontheframeworkfromthe Figure1.
Datacollection:atthedatacollectionstage,inadditiontousingliteraturestudiesandcomparisonof similarapplications,questionnaireswerealsousedasatooltocollectingdata.Thequestionnairewas
2. METHOD
Figure1.Applicationresearchanddevelopmentflow
Systemdevelopment:atthisstage,westarttheapplicationusingtheLaravelframework,theAngular framework,andMySQL.
Dataanalysis:aftergettingtheresultofdistributingthequestionnaires,weanalyzedtheresultsofthe questionnaires.
3. RESULTANDDISCUSSION
Questionnairesharingbyshareablelinkvvvv
Dataconvertxvvv
Coinexchangevxxv
Table1.Comparisontableoffeatureswiththesimilarapplications
Testing:atthetestingstage,wetestthesystemontheapplicationbytestingwiththeblack-boxtesting method.
Datacollectionusingliteraturestudytechniqueiscarriedouttosupportapplicationdevelopment, bench-markingonseveralsimilarapplications,andalsowithquestionnaire.Questionnaireiscarriedoutwithin aperiodof1month(October2020–November2020)throughonlinemedia.Thefollowingbelowarethe resultsandanalysisobtained.
Questionnairedistributedto1383respondentbyusingonlinemedia,thoughonly124respondentswho filleditincompletely.Among124respondentwhofilledout,itwasknownthat117respondentshadmadean onlinequestionnairewhile7respondentshadnevermadeit.Thereare19questionsregardingthehabitsand activitiesofusersoftheonlinequestionnaireapplication,whichconsistofseveralcategories,including:the userdemographics,theusefulnessofthequestionnaireapplicationfromtheuser’sperspective,difficultiesin usingtheapplication,theimportanceofthefeaturesofferedintheonlineapplication.
Thefollowingbelowaretheresultofbench-markingonseveralsimilarapplicationsusingthreetypes ofonlinequestionnaireapplications.Similarapplicationsofferseveralfeaturestomakeiteasierforusers. SomefeaturesthatmakeBuddyQdifferswithexistingapplicationincludesprofiletomakeiteasierforuser tomanagetheirprofile,questionnairemaking,setrespondentcriteriatobeabletheusertosetthecriteriaof therespondents,dataconvert,filterthequestionnaire,rewardfeaturebypoints,coinexchange,limitationof respondentsperdevices,changethemes.Thiscomparisoniscarriedouttofindoutandcomparethefeatures ofthreetypesofapplications,aswellasareferenceinaddingfeaturestotheapplicationthatwillbedesigned. ThedetailcomparisoncanbeseenontheTable1.
Developmentplanning:atthisstage,theauthormakesatimelinetoarrangetheapplicationdevelopment scheduletobemorestructured.
Rewardingfeaturebypointsvxxv
Profilevxvv Questionnairemakingvvvv Setrespondentcriteriavxvv
3.2. Respondentdescription
Questionnairesharingondashboardvxxv
Modeldesigntodeveloponlinewebbasedquestionnaire(JulianWesley)
Limitationofrespondentsperdevicexxvv
preparedaLikertscaleandaGuttmanscale.Likertscale5levelwithneutrallabelinthemiddle/third positionisused,whileGuttmanscaleisascalethathasfirmanswers,suchastrueorfalse,yesorno, everornever,andsoon.
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Changethemesxvvv
FeaturesXappsYappsZappsBuddyQ
Filterthequestionnairevxvv
3.1. Similarapplicationanalysis
Createblueprintofthesystem:atthisstage,wedesignthesystembycreatingunifiedmodellanguage (UML)classdiagrams,anentityrelationshipdiagram(ERD),anddesigningmockupsorapplicationuser interfaces[27].
Questionnairedataanalysis
TELKOMNIKATelecommunComputElControl,Vol.20,No.5,October2022:979–987
Classdiagramservestoshowtheclassname,attributes,workings,andrelationshipsbetweenclasses intheproposedsystem.Theclassdiagramdescribestheprocessflowofthedesignedapplication,bydescribing theclassdiagramcomponentsaccordingtothefeatureofferedintheonlinequestionnairedesign.Classdiagram oftheproposedsystemcanbeseeninFigure2.
Determinerespondentcriteria:thequestionnairemakercansettherespondent’scriteria,suchastheage, gender,occupation,ordomicile,sothatthequestionnairecreatedbythemakercanonlybefilledoutby specificrespondentswhomatchthetarget.
3.3.1. Featureshighlight
Coincollectionandexchange:iftheuserhasfilledoutthequestionnairefromtheirdashboard,theywill getanumberofcoins.Afterreachingacertainamount,thecollectedcoinscanbeexchangedforvarious typesofattractiveprizessuchasbalancesorvouchers.
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Questionnairemaking:userscancreateaquestionnaireaccordingtotheirneeds,changetheappearance ofthequestionnairetheycreatedbyaddingaphotoasaheader,andchangethethemeofthequestionnaire toavarietyofcolorchoices.
3.3.
Fromthedatacollectedthroughliteraturestudies,bench-markingofsimilarapplication,andquestionnaires.Thenthosedatawillbeanalyzedtobeusedintheonlinequestionnaireapplicationdesignstage.At thedesignstageofthisproposedsystem,wecreateanentityrelationshipdiagrams(ERD),classdiagrams,and userinterface.
Dataexport:afterthequestionnairemakersgetthefinalresultsorresponses,theycanexportthedata obtainedintodocumentswith.xlsxextensionorexcel.
3.4. Proposedsystemdesign
3.3.2. Featuresintheapplication
Limitthenumberofrespondents:thisfeatureallowsuserstosethowmanyresponselimitstheywantto receive.Inaddition,userscanalsosetwhethertheywanttousethelimitperdevicefeature,sothatno respondentcanusetheirelectronicdevicetofilloutthesamequestionnairemorethanonetime.
Allfeaturesintheapplicationdesignbasedonthedataobtainedincludes:
3.4.1. Classdiagram
Profile:theprofilefeatureallowsuserstofillintheirpersonaldatawhichwillbeusedforfilteringneeds. Personaldatathatneedstobefilledinisfullname,dateofbirth,gender,occupation,anddomicile.
Basedontheresultofdatacollectionandalsoacomparisonofsimilarapplications,thefeaturesthat canbedevelopedtocreateanonlinequestionnairefillingapplication,include:i)coinfeature:thisfeaturewill bedevelopedtoproviderewardstousers,especiallyrespondentsfromonlinequestionnaires.Thisfeatureis adaptedfromsimilarapplicationsthatrewardrespondents.However,thisapplicationwillprovideflexibility intherewardswithdrawalthatcollectedfromtheresultsoffillingoutthequestionnaire.Thisfeatureaimsto attractrespondents’interestinfillingoutonlinequestionnaires;ii)filterquestionnairefeature:thisfeaturewill bedevelopedtohelpusers,especiallyquestionnairemakertoperformdataprocessingofrespondentwhofilled out;andiii)questionnairesharingondashboardfeature:thisfeaturewillbedevelopedtohelpuserssharetheir questionnaires,somorerespondentscanfillout.
Questionnairefilter:thisfeaturewillfilterwhichquestionnairewillappearonthedashboardforeach user.Userscanonlyviewandfilloutthequestionnairesiftheyarematchwiththecriteriasetbyquestionnairemaker.
Questionnairesharing:userscansharetheirquestionnaireontheapplicationdashboardandcreateasa shareablelink.Questionnairesthataredistributedtotheapplicationdashboardcanbefilledoutbythe otheruserswhomeetthecriteriasetbythequestionnairemaker.
Figure4showsthehomepage,whichiscanbeseenbytheregistereduserintheapplicationforthe firsttime.Onthispage,usercanfilloutthequestionnairebypressing isikuesioner onthelistofquestionnaires provided.Userscanalsoviewthetotalcoinsowned,gotothemyformpagebypressingthe buatform or form saya onthesidenavbar,gotothecoinexchangepagebypressing akumauhadiah or tukarkoin ontheside navbar,aswellastothefrequentlyaskedquestion(FAQ)pagebypressingthe FAQ buttononthesidenavbar. Figure5showsthemyformpage,whereuserscancreateanewquestionnairebypressingthe buatformbaru buttonorviewaquestionnairethathasalreadybeencreatedbefore.Tocreatethenewquestionnaire,usercan use“addquestionnairepage”.Onthispage,usercandesignthequestionnaireaccordingtotheirneeds,suchas changethebackgroundcolor,writethetitleofthequestionnaire,orevencreatethequestions.Figure6shows questionnairepreviewpage,whichcanbeseenbyuserswhentheyfinisheddesignthenewquestionnairein theFigure5.Thispagedisplaystheresultsofthedesignedquestionnairethathasbeenmade.Onthispagewe canalsofindouthowthequestionnairelooksforrespondents,sothatwehavethesamelookandfeelwiththe respondents.
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Figure7showsviewquestionnaireresultspage,whichcanbeseentoseealltherepondents’respond. Inthispage,usercanalsochoosewhethertheywanttostopreceivingincomingresponsesbyenablingthe berhentimenerimarespons toogle.Apartfromthat,userscanalsodownloadallreceivedresponsesas‘.xlsx’ orasMicrosoftExcelfileextensions.Filterfeaturealsowillbecreatedinthispagetomakeiteasiertofindthe neededdata.Figure8showscoinexchangepage,whichwilldisplayvariousprizesthatcanbeexchangedby usersusingthecollectedcoins.Ifuserpressesthe lihatdetail button,theywillberedirectedtotheprizedetails page.Togetthegift,useronlyneedtopressthe tukarsekarang buttononthedesiredprize.Onthispage,users canalsoviewthehistoryofthegiftsthathavebeenredeemedbypressingthe historipenukaran
3.4.3. Userinterface
Figure2.Classdiagramdesignofapplication
Inadditiontotheclassdiagram,thefollowingisanERDdesignfromtheonlinequestionnaireapplicationdesign.Basedonthedatathathasbeenanalyzed,thenadesignisformedthatdescribestherelationship betweenentitiesandtheirattributesindetail.ThefollowingisadetailedERDplanwhichcanbeseeninFigure 3.
Modeldesigntodeveloponlinewebbasedquestionnaire(JulianWesley)
3.4.2. ERD
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Figure3.Entityrelationshipdiagramofapplication
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Figure4.Homepagedesign
[5] D.D.Dillman, MailandInternetSurveys:TheTailoredDesignMethod(2007updatewithnewInternet,visual,andmixed-mode guide).,NewYork:JohnWiley,2007.ISBN047003856X,9780470038567.
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4. CONCLUSION
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Figure8.Coinexchangepagedesign
Figure5.Addquestionnairepagedesign
Figure7.Viewquestionnaireresultspagedesign
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Thisresearchfocusesonthedevelopmentoffeaturesinanonline-basedquestionnaireapplication,that areexpectedtohelptheproblemofresponseratewhilefillingoutthequestionnaireinthedatacollectionstage. Additionalfeaturedevelopmentiscarriedoutusingbench-markinganddatacollectionthroughquestionnaires. Bench-markingisdonetofindoutsimilarapplicationsandseethefeaturesoffered,whilequestionnairedata isusedtoseethehabitsandfeaturesexpectedbyuserswhenusingsimilarapplications.TheUMLdesign madeisbeappliedtothedevelopmentofanonlinequestionnairesysteminthefuture.Thedevelopmentof thisapplicationwillbecarriedoutbybuildingnewsimilarapplicationsusingbasicfeaturesindatacollection andalsoapplyingtheexpectedfeaturesbytheusers,sothatitcanbehelptomitigateproblemsintheusageof onlinequestionnaireapplicationusers.
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Figure6.Questionnairepreviewpagedesign
Modeldesigntodeveloponlinewebbasedquestionnaire(JulianWesley)
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BIOGRAPHIESOFAUTHORS
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Fifilia currentlyholdsadualappointmentasaSeniorManageratElysianNxtandLecturer ofInformationSystematBinaNusantaraUniversityinJakarta,Indonesia.Shecanbecontactedat email:fifilia1302@binus.ac.id.
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JulianWesley currentlyholdsadualappointmentasaSoftwareEngineeratGrowFinancialPTE.Ltd.andLecturerSpecialistofGameApplicationTechnologyatBinaNusantaraUniversity inJakarta,Indonesia.Hecanbecontactedatemail:JulianWesley@binus.ac.id.
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[12] J.R.NevinandN.M.Ford,“Effectsofadeadlineandaveiledthreatonmailsurveyresponses,” JournalofAppliedPsychology, vol.61,no.1,pp.116-118,1976,doi:10.1037/0021-9010.61.1.116.
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DennisAntony currentlyisafinalyearundergraduatestudentinComputerSciencemajor.DennisworkedasaQualityAssuranceinPT.EmerioIndonesiaintheirinternship.Hecanbe contactedatemail:dennis.antony@binus.ac.id.
CynthiaCatrine currentlyisafinalyearundergraduatestudentinComputerScience major.CynthiaworkedasaQualityAssuranceinPT.EmerioIndonesiaintheirinternship,andalso doafreelanceasaSocialMediaSpecialistinaCodingStudiocompanybasedinJakarta.Shecanbe contactedatemail:cynthia.catrine@binus.ac.id.
FerdianRizkyEstefan currentlyisafinalyearundergraduatestudentinComputerScience major.Ferdianworkedasa.NETDeveloperinPT.EmerioIndonesiaintheirinternship.Hecanbe contactedatemail:ferdian.estefan@binus.ac.id.
Modeldesigntodeveloponlinewebbasedquestionnaire(JulianWesley)