Censors peril free expression, public's right to know by Diane Marfand Historically, censorship has been based on the principle that ideas motivate action, guarantee salvation or damn the soul. In any case, censorship has become the restriction of ideas prior to publication or prosecution following their publication on any matter of grave social concern. Nearly two hundred years ago, the importance of freedom was recognized by Americans and a revolution begun. With the emergence of a new government, the people themselves placed limits on the control the government could possess. The first amendment of the constitution forbids Congress to suppress the freedom of speech, or the press, or the right of people to peaceably assemble. It also gave the people the opportunity to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The United States Supreme Court also ,
held that these provisions were binding on the state and local governments bv the due process clause of the 14th amendment. More recently, in 1927 a series of decisions by the Supreme Court interpreted the constitutional guarantees so broadly that freedom of expression probably enjoys more solid legal protection in the U.S. than anywhere else. In the case of Abrams v. U.S. (1919), Justice OUver Wendell Holmes declared "the theory of our constitution is that the ultimate goal desired is better reached by free trade in ideas." Holmes did not maintain however that there be no legal restraints on expression. In 1931, during the Near v. Minnesota case, the Supreme Court held invalid a state statute that provided for the injunction of continued publication of any "malicious, scandalous, and defamatory newspapers , magazines or other periodicals" unless "published with good
motives and for justifiable ends.~ The court held that although libelous statements might be· published, suppression of the newspapers was unconstitutional censorship. Newspapers have also been immune from taxation designed to limit their circulation. In Grosjean v. American This special issue of THE TELESCOPE is devoted to the exploration of the various guises of censorship, both overt and covert, which affects our daily lives. For additional articles on the subject, please turn to the back page. Press Company (1936) a two percent gross receipts tax on publications having a weekly circulation over 20,000 was struck down as an abridgement of press freedom. After movies made their appearance, the Supreme Court ruled in Mutual Film Corp v. Ohio Industrial Commission
Renaissance fair being organized by campus clubs
Dance concert opens Thursday Individual expression through movement, coordinated with group activity, will highlight the dance students' eighth annual Spring Dance Concert on May 2, 3 and 4. Billie Hutchings, director of dance, has prepared several choreographies for large groups of dancers. "Kaleidoscope" creates space design to Western Kabukistyle music. "On the Lawn" is a funfilled dance using folk forms set to music from a portion of Carl Orff's "Carmina Burana" and "Serendipity" in the new dance style. "Walk in a Dark Dream," first presented at the December dance concert, has been re-staged for four dancers instead of the original eight. Soloist will be Amanda Moorhead. OtheT dancers in the concert will be: Becky Brooks, Debbie Gross, Becky Duvall, Christie Green, Karla Hanaway, Terry Harder, AmyKligerman, Charlene Lessley, Joni Matthews , Kit Morton, Len! Siekman, Roger Siess, Monica Smith, Bill Spencer, John Stalford, Tim Townsend, Blas Villalobos, Estelle Weir, Joan Welke, BethWilcos and Pat Witman. The performances will begin at 8 in ,tile Dome. Admission is $1 for adults, $.50 for children.
In radio and TV full freedom from government control is prevented because the number of broadcasting channels is limited . In 1934, the Federal Communications Commission was established to regulate broadcasting in the form of licensing. Each station renews its license every three years following an FCC evaluation of the station's overall performance. The FCC then determines whether better service to the public might be given by a competing applicant. The Motion Picture Association set up a system of ratings to apply to films released after Nov. 1, 1968. Those ratings were G-general audiences, Mmature audiences, R-restricted (under 16 not admitted without parent) and X-no one under 16 admitted. On March 1, 1970 the ratings were changed to clarify the classifications. M ratings were changed to PG-some parental discretion advised. The age limit for R-rated pic(Continued on page 2)
Unification proposal contested by board
Palomar College · Volume 27 Number 28 · A
Medieval festivities will come to Palomar May 8-10 when the Renaissance Festival is held in the Fine Arts Co,urtyard. According to Eric Christiansen, chairman of the ICC Renaissance committee, the festival is an Inter-Club Council effort to promote school activity and to give students a better understanding of the arts and crafts of the period. Students are encouraged to wear clothes of the Renaissance era. Several campus organizations plan to participate in the activities, which are still in the planning stages . The Veterans Club is going to have a display of medieval weapons. The Physical Education Department is scheduled to have an archery contest which will be open to anyone who has had one semester of archery. Some basic knowledge is necessary so that nursing students won't be distracted from their display of medieval medicines by a need for some modern first aid. Virginia Webster, who is the Nursing Department representative to the ICC and chairwoman of the departmental planning committee for the festival, is hoping to get a display ready and possibly a bread and cheese sale . A center stage will be set up for performers, including the Student Citizens for Integrity of the Democratic Society (SCIDS) who will be putting on a play, and the Palomar Chamber Singers. There will also be a group of students playing recorders, lutes and other stringed instruments of the period. In conjunction with this will be a display of ancient instruments. The ASG will have a food concession, which is the only money-making activity planned. Anyone who wants to participate in the festival or contribute ideas should contact the ASG office.
(1915) that they were predominantly commercial entertainments rather than political expressions. Therefore. movies were excluded from the first amendment guarantees. The Supreme Court subsequently rejected the distinction between "informity and entertaining." In 1948 it declared that "what is one man's amusement teaches another's doctrine." Under the impact of these rulings, preventive censorship of movies apparently withered. In 1957, the Supreme Court held that a state may not prohibit the sale of a book to the .general public because of its tendency to affect the morals of youth. The court ruled that obscene publications are not subject to the first amendment guarantee of press freedom. The standards for judging a book's obscenity, the court said, is that a book must be judged as a whole and only its effects on a normal person may be considered.
Trustees of the Governing Board of Palomar College are fighting the unified North County community college district proposal by the San Diego County Board of Education. Opposition to the college unification district is also endorsed by MiraCosta College's Board of Governors. The unification plan stems from a question of what to do with open areas not already in a community college district. The County Board of Education was willing to annex Ramona, Julian and Borrego to Palomar. The question has now risen of what to do with the San Dieguito area, which borders the San Diego, MiraCosta and Palomar districts. The MiraCosta district, smaller than Palomar, desired to annex this area, but most San Bieguito students have expressed a desire to attend Palomar. Of 1,300 college students in San Dieguito, 1,100 attend Palomar at this time. The County Board of Education is attempting to resolve the issue by forcing Palomar and MiraCosta into one large district, which neither wants. The solution, which appears acceptable to Palomar and MiraCosta is to annex San Dieguito to the MiraCosta district, and for MiraCosta to grant permits for all San Dieguito students who wish to attend Palomar upon payment by MiraCosta of the cost of educating such students. The Palomar Governing Board feels a gradual identification with MiraCosta should result in a gradual transfer of San Dieguito students from Palomar to MiraCosta. This plan would also tend to equalize the size of the two North County colleges, instead of the present situation in which
Fourteen candidates seek ASG positions Jaye Lawrence's exhibit, woven from fibers, including soft yarns and heavy ropes, is not limited to the walls or
ceiling, but covers the floor as well. The display in the Boehm Gallery ends Thursday. (Photo by D. Brueggeman)
Computerized registration system will simplify enrollment for fall Revised registration procedures at Palomar will enable students to concentrate on selecting the courses they want to take this fall, according to registrar Herman Lee. A new application form is available from either the college admissions office or the counseling department. Applications for the fall semester are now being accepted. In addition a new and unique computerized system has been designed to simplify the procedure of registering. The computer reads Social Security numbers, so prospective students must · show their Social Security cards when they apply for admission. Registration priority will be assigned on a first-come, first-served basis. Priority cards giving the date and time of each enrollment appointment will be mailed to students' homes in mid-August. Enrollment applications must be submitted before August 12, 1974. Any student needing assistance in planning a tentative 'study program is requested to see a counselor before the end ·of the Spring Semester. Registration for the fall semester is scheduled for August 26 to September 6. Veterans who desire to receive educational assistance at the time they register should fill out the proper request for advanced payment at the Veterans Education office between May 13 and August 1. Veterans not wishing advanced pay-
ment may sign-up with the Veterans office after August 1 and should receive their first check for the fall semester at their home about eight to twelve weeks after they register. The admissions office is open from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., Monday through Thursday, and from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Friday. Handicapped persons who need special assistance should contact Eugene Zevin in the office for the handicapped. Lee emphasized that all students must apply for the fall semester even though they may be attending Palomar already. Enrollment is open to California residents living within the Palomar College District or those who live in high school districts not included in any community college district. Students who are non-residents of the state should contact the admissions office at 744-1150.
Fourteen candidates are running for five positions on the ASG's Executive Council in an election which continues through Thursday. Seeking the president's post are Eric Christiansen, Jerry Jones, Steve Sharp and Ira Worsham. Vying for vice-president are John Caughey, Bob Dean, Don Eaton and Ben Gill. Running for the two representative spots are Michael Kearney, Harry McGill, Rod Stark and Michael Tieri. Tieri has reentered the race after earlier withdrawing. "There are too many factions in this election," he said. "I am running as an independent in order to have a wider expression of opinions . " Tieri is currently a member of the Student Assembly and belongs to the Students for the Integrity of the Democratic System. Running for treasurer are Nancy Jordan and Patricia Yavorsky. Also included on the ballot is a constitutional amendment concerning the length of each officer's term. Under the proposal the newly-elected people would take office on the last day of the semester, rathe'r than the first week after the election as is presently done.
Blood bank needs donors tomorrow One hundred pints of blood is the goal for the Palomar Blood Drive tomorrow from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. in the Student Union. Marcia Shallcross, Business Club advisor, said the purpose of the drive is to add units to Palomar's reserve account. Any student or staff member who gives
hlood will be eligible for a transfusioi' m an emergency--even after he has left school. The donor's immediate family is also eligible while the donor is connected with Palomar. Anyone without a serious medical problem can give . Coffee, tea, juice and donuts will be served to donors.
Palomar is much larger than MiraCosta .and is growing at a much faster rate. In 1968, the voters of North San Diego County defeated the same proposal that is now being presented . The proposal has opposition from Palomar and MiraCosta board members and the majority of faculty members. Both of the colleges are "community" colleges established by local residents and largeJy built and paid for by local taxpaye rs . Because of close community control the colleges are r esponsive to community needs. Palomar trustees say such responsiveness would be reduced if a large, multi-campus district were established.
Pottery sale plans
nearing completion More than 3,000 items will be on sale at the eighth annual student pottery sale May 9, 10 and 11. Hours will be from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. All the work will be exhibited unde r a parachute on the front lawn of the campus. According to Val Sanders, an art instructor and advisor for the Art Guild, the diffused light inside the parachute makes a perfecL showcase for the art work. Sanders said the students will be offering not only a great variety of pottery, but also glass, wood , and other art work . The sale has always attracted a large number of people from the college and the community and this year Sanders expects at least 2,000. The students will keep 80 percent of the profit, which will help to defray the cost of their materials. "It is nice for them to know that their work is not just a class project, but that they are able to sell it," said Sanders. He gives general advice onhow to price objects by telling students to consider what they themselves would be willing to pay for a particular piece. The remaining 20 percent of the money earned goes into a fund for special programs, materials and scholarships. Sanders said, "The money allows us to make bulk purchases of materials commonly used by students, and they are able to save up to 30 percent on some items." The sales to art students are made through the Ceramic Guild, which is a side function of the ArtGuild. The pottery sale will overlap the dates for the Renaissance Festival which pleases Sanders because he feels that each activity helps promote the other.
'Sexuality Week' events continue Discussion concerning message techniques highlights the remaining sessions of "Human Sexuality Week," which continues through Friday. Jan Lueken, who uses massage to bring about an expanded state of awareness in the participants, will speak tomorrow at 1 p.m. in 0-11. Other activities during the week include programs in spirituality and sexuality today at 9:30 a.m. in S-5, sex and its personal meanings today at 1 p.m. in 0-11, and female sexuality tomorrow at 9:30a.m. in )-12. Also scheduled are discussions concerning sexuality and awareness tomorrow at 12 noon in LS-15. and "closet heterosexuals" tomorrow at 10:30 a.m. in R-3. On Friday, the Student Help Center, which is sponsoring the week will have its own presentation from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.