The Telescope 27.09

Ralph Nader here on lecture tour

THE TELESCOPE Palomar College ¡ Volume 27 Number 9

92069

Nov. 13, 1973

Opportunity for servicemen needing diploma offered Pre-discharge educational and vocational classes, leading to a high school diploma, are available at Palomar to Camp Pendleton Marines who may be offe red release time to participate in the courses.

Angelo Carli, college coordinator of veterans' education , said the program has the approval of Headquarte r s, USMC, which is encouraging non-FMF commanders to provide on-duty courses for en li sted men with educational deficiencies.

"The Corps is r eported in The Navy Times as desiring as many as possible of its near 60,000 non-high schoo l graduates to get their diplomas, even if it means giving them time off from thei r jobs to do it." Carli said .

He sa id the Headquarters' interest in opportunities for Marines to participate included the plan for "re leased time" so long as the absence for attending classes "does not result in an inability of commands to fulfill their primary mission."

Carli pointed out that "Pendleton is in the unique ly advantageous position of having available for its personnel a Predischarge Educational Program at Palomar College which combines both acade mi c and vocational courses. These, with successful OED scores. will award the in<iividual a high school dip loma from the Escondido Union High School District."

The complete program requires 90 days. Carli said . although a student may enrol l in a partial program of 45 days.

Despite its title, he said, the Marine does not nee d to be contemplating discharge in order to e nroll.

The courses offered includ e Mathematics. English , U.S. history, American government. introduction to welding, and introduction to automotive technology.

Carli said the various course offerings "should he found advantageous to any se rviceman, whether he has a high school diploma or not."

Man-made and man remedied environmental hazards is Ralph Nader's scheduled topic for tomorrow night's lecture in the Dome.

Nader will speak at 8 p.m. as part of the Palomar and MiraCosta colleges' premier lecture series. Admission is $1.50 and advance tickets are available through Palomar College Community Services.

America's most noted critic, Nader has been called everything from muckraker to consumer crusader to public defender. His documented criticism of government and industry have had widespread reprecussions on public awareness and bureaucratic power.

Time Magazine called him the "U.S.'s Toughest Customer."

"The courses are programmed to enable the student to learn at his own pace," Carli said, "with instructors and tutors available as he needs them."

"It is hoped, with the recent encouraging directive from HQMC, that the comprehensive nature of the program and the fact that the college even provides necessary transportation, will produce more enrollments," Carli said.

"Up to this time , we have not even sc'ratched the surface of our enrollment capaci ty. There is no doubt that if a Marine becomes aware of this opportunity, and hi s commanding officer releases him for attendance, he will find the program a most enlightening and rewarding experience."

In 1965 Nader achieved national recognition to unsafe his book "Unsafe at any Speed."

By calling attention to unsafe vehicles produced by the auto industry, Nader is responsible for at least six major federal consumer protection laws.

His overall consumer campaigns have brought about laws to eliminate monosodium glutamate (MSG) from baby foods, and have made advances in sanitation, pollution control, advertising credibility and politico/ econimic power.

Interes ted individuals may receive detailed information on the program from Carli , at Palomar (727-7529, ext.365), or at Base Education or Project Transition, ext. 3721. at Camp Pendleton.

Help ~nter seeks tutors in all areas Tutors are being sought to assist Palomar students in all subjects areas ranging from Biology to Mathematics.

The Tutoring Reference Service is being sponsored by the Student Help Center.

Students who need additional instruction will be given a tutor or tutors' names from the center's list.

Those wishing to tutor on a volunteer basis will be listed differently from those who wish to charge a fee.

Any person interested in tutoring should contact the center at 744-3610 from 10 a.m . to 2 p.m., Monday through Friday or come to the Shelter Office in R-3b.

Officers for the Student Nurses Association are (L to R, front) Veronica Vallez, Jo!).p Mahoney, Kathleen Willhite; (rear)

courses. However. most of the people in the courses enjoyed them .

"As a teacher I prefer the traditional way.

I can have a closer relations hip with my students. I'm a peopleoriented person and every once in a while you really say something that makes a change in someone's life. You get some information to them that they neve r had before. It' s a great sense of personal satisfaction."

Jane Jackson was a teaching assistant as an undergraduate in UCSD two years ago Last year she taught at San Diego State and night school here while working on he r masters degree. Dr . Mahan gave her the opportunity to work at Palomar for this semester while he is on sabbatical.

Betty Derrick, Peggy Herman, Helen Palmer, Bob Cavitt, T. Paopao, M. Konyn, Paula Cutler. (Evans Photo).

"Zero to Job-Entry" courses are now available for students interested in the new Regional Opportunity Program (ROP), a student job placement service.

The main purpose of the Vocational Education Office is to find job needs of the community and then offer corresponding job courses. ROP is such an outlet of the Vocational Education Office which helps the student to work now, while learning in his field.

Walter F . Brown, dean of vocations,

signatures sought Petitions supporting the impeachment of President Nixon will be available on campus this week in the student union patio as part of the national "We have had Enough" campaign.

In addition to petitions supporting Congressman Jerome Waldie's efforts to impeach Nixon, there will also be petitions urging impeachment directed toward Clair Burgener and Victor Vesey, the local congressmen.

"If you want a change to come about, then you are going to have to make It happen yourself," said Jerry Calhoun of the Students for the Intergrity of the Democratic System.

Students are also invited to send letters and telegrams to Burgener, Vesey, and the m e mbers of the House judiciary committee in support of the impeachment move .

is making every effort to obtain additional fu nds that will benefit the Vocational Program at Palomar. Last year alone, $500,000 was securedfromcounty funding.

He is kept busy talking at schools, to interested groups and industrial employers for student career opportunities.

The Vocational Education Office is always open to students and Dean Brown will listen, not counsel the student.

By listening and letting the student talk about an interest in one vocation, the student often finds his own direction in a related or completely different career.

The office is located in the Administration Office complex, Rm. A-2.

What do you do with a teaching aid ... when it weighs 3, 000 pounds ?

Students of the Automotive Technology Department have the answer -- tear it apart.

The aid is a new 1973 Datsun sedan, a gift from the Nissan Motor Corporation, through Escondido Datsun, Inc. According to Nick Disparti, Industrial Technology Department head , "the car is to be used for familiarization as well as a teaching aid" .

Dismantling and reassembly by student mechanics will see good use made of the Datsun. Tools and manuals came with it.

The car cannot be operated off campus.

If it was , a driver would have a difficult time explaining the lack of license plates or serial numbers.

Over the past five years, hundreds of underprivileged children in North County have had a Christmas thanks to MECHA and the Community College Consortium at Palomar.

Once again, MECHA and the Community College Consortium are sponsoring a toy drive and Christmas party for the unfortunate children in this area.

The toy drive has already begun and donations are being sought for this very important occasion.

If you wish to help make a Christmas for an underprivileged child, contact Libbi Santana or Linda Escalante at the mecha office, or call 744-ll50, ext.

397 or 357.

Sager finds change in lifestyle rewarding and vital experience

by Chuck Brown A change in lifestyle--even for a short while--can be a very trying experience.

For one week during this past summer, Gene Sager, philosophy professor at Palomar, and four of his friends, used no electric ity, butane, or stove oil.

"The change was not that great really-at least on the surface," Sager relates.

"Our sources of power, heat, and light

Datsun new teaching aid of Automotive Technology

Psychology teacher Jane Jackson hues to traditional approach. (Evans Photo),

The New York Times said of him, "What sets Nader apart is that he has moved beyond social criticism to effective political action."

For more information on the lecture and for tickets, call Palomar College CommunityServices, 744-ll50 or 7277529, ext. 256.

Student iob placement Donations sought for courses available now unfortunate children

Traditional psychology method found successful by,Jane Jackson Nixon impeachment Tr:1dition is a word that has taken quite a hea ting of late. nut ,Jane Jackson. psyc hology :nstructor. is finding that a traditional app ro ac h to lwr s ubject is quite s ucc essful. " l teach both the programmed and traditional method." s he said .

The former. based on Dr. Harry Mahan's innovation. r equires thatstud ents attend class one hour a week .

Two hours are devote d to e ither the Lea rning Resou r ce Ce nter. where they c heck out tapes. or s tudy at home .

"The programmed course is a good thing." Jackson s tates. "in that grades are prede termined. l\Iinimum requirem ents are set for an .-\, B or C. Students can a lso make tes ts up."

In he r trad itional introductory c lass stude nt s m eet for three hours a week.

The te s ts. unlike Dr. Mahan's which are true and false. are multiple choice.

"Occasionall y I throw in an essay question.

I do not. however. give make ups--primarily because I have fifty-five students in my class."

In a large class some students neve r participate. To counteract this Jackson took some of the students from her advanced class to act as discussion leaders. Once a month the class breaks up into small groups of six to ten people and the advanced students lead the discussion.

The students in the traditional class are working on projects which will be a major portion of their grade.

"I want them to do whatever they're interested In as long as it relates to psychology. I'll direct them to places where they can find the information.

"I'm talking primarily about experimental psychology because that's where we are now in the introductory class.

The next and last section is devoted to clinical studies which is a more popular theory of psychology."

Programmed or traditional, which does she prefer?

As a student she disliked programmed

Environmental hazards topic of noted critic

Gene Sager advocates in lifestyle occasionally.

change

were the sun, wood in the fireplace, and candles, which we used sparingly."

The sun kept their garden growing and heated the water in the pipes, allowing them to have a good hot shower.

Country roads where people dumped trash became a source of wood for the fireplace.

Sage r found that the best hours for work were in the early morning. "Those beautiful, quiet , fresh smelling hours were the most productive. Staying up late forces you to use extra energy."

No meat was eaten, foods coming exclusively from the vegetable garden.

The garden was worked by hand and no machines were used.

"The notion," Sager comments, "that society rests on the backs of farmworkers m akes some sense ."

The five experimenters used their own muscles and bones in providing meals for themselves, thus becoming aware of the tremendous satisfaction in not simply "flicking on a switch paid for by a phenomenon called our "job."

"Much of our lives remain on an abstract level. Nice thoughts are expressed about ecology by heavy smokers. But if they can't take care of their own bodies, of what value are their essays and speeches? Ecological projects must begin with one's own body and home. Our experiment is definitely recommend ed for those who want to know just where we're at.

Above all, it taught us that it must not remain an experi~ent."

Psychologist probes political motivations

by Mike La Bonne Watergate.

Mere mention of the word stimulates reactions as diverse and complicated as the situation itself.

The continually unfolding enigma and fast-paced developments ofthis disgrace have created a host of questions in the minds of many students.

In an effort to find answers to some of these questions, we turn to the science of psychology. This science is applicable to Watergate as some behavioralists regard psychology as the basis of political science. From psychological studies some believe that the answers can be found as to why certain leaders attain power and why certain political developments occur.

In their quest for answers, "political" psychologists study the power relationship of the individuals and groups involved; focus their attention on the individual and his political behavior; and try to explain political phenomena in terms of "irrational forces," "motivational factors." "personality," and "situational factors."

Dr. John Wenrick is not a "political" psychologist, but he does offer seve ral explanations as to the conduct of the men involved: Q. In the Watergate development, how would you characterize the behavior of the principals involved?

A. It' s an example ofpe rsons striving for ·power or prestige, both personal and clique (group).

Q: Was this their ultimate goal, power or prestige?

A Both. And I would say that their behavior was an example of self-justification and self- rightousness Q: How can such men--most of whom are highly qualified lawyers--publicly justify or rationalize their conduct and expect credibility from middle America?

A: I think It's more s elf-justification than anything else.

Q: You me an as in one man's case, these men took what means were available at the time regardless of the law ?

A: Yes , according to the value s that they conceive most important. These were the men who thought they had all the answers in terms of their own particula r values . Seemingly, their undercover activities were wrong, but still they would not admit they were wrong. One individual said national security takes precede nce over Integrity.

This is s e lf-justification. This is his own value system . He's right in his view and that's the way it is .

Q: Are values of this nature consistent within our contemporary society?

A: In one person's c as e , he used his own logic and explained his actions with reference to that event.

Q: Would this apply to the oft-quoted, "at that point in time" logic ?

A: Yes. It was the time and circumstances which dictated the actions. r would characterize this particular behavior as utilizing logic-tight compartments. The individual was always right and would not see or admit to the inconsistencies. The position on national security is another example of logictight compartments--the man's right, and always right.

Q: How would you explain the behavior of those men who said they would do anything to insure the President's election?

A: This is an example of hero worship. These men overlooked the frailties and weaknesses of the candidate.

They felt that their candidate could do no wrong: he was good for the country.

This comes back to the lack of basic integrity with a firm sense of values, honesty and justice.

by Scott Woodham

Q: Is this lack of integrity in our high officials a failure of our system, our education?

A: It's a reflection of our whole shift in values that's been taking place from the traditional concepts of right and wrong to the test that the individual himself applies, whether it's right or wrong.

Q: Would this particular aspect of behavior apply to the situational factors?

A: No, it would fit under the idea that we have a shift in the nature of authority, not tradition. It's a case of, 'I am the judge of what's right and wrong; I make the decisions.' This is an example of situational ethics , where the time and place determine if an act is right or wrong.

Q: What justification did they use to arrive at this kind of philosophy?

A: If I can tell a lie and it doesn't hurt then that's all right. This is what we mean by situational ethics--the time, place and circumstances determine what is right and wrong, not any traditional concept of an absolute right or wrong.

Q: What do you think prompted the President to finally relinquish the tapes?

A: Public pressures, and he probably realized he was not as inviolate as he thought.

Q: With an eye towards our political structure in the future , do you foresee any corrective actions resulting from investigations into Watergate?

A: One of the problems in political appointments is that too many are made solely on the recommendation of someone else. If McGovern had checked Eagleton, or if Nixon had checked Agnew more closely, the resulting events might not have happened.

In the future, I foresee much closer scrutiny of the individuals who come to these high offices. More people will be aware of a man's past life and his present system of values.

Historian judges scandal, cites constitutional authority abuse

by Chuck Brown We are living in an era of crisis.

News of such vast significance that we may not realize its implications innundating us daily.

The Watergate crisis represents possibly the greatest political scandal in the nation's history.

To Charles Hanlen, history instructor Watergate represents "an abuse of power and authority by a branch of the government to ensure the election of one of its members."

"I think it's obvious," he continues, "that they did· violate the constitutional rights of the individuals involved."

He feels that there seemed to be a rationale on the part of the executive branch that "anything goes." "At another time and another place these men could easily have been labeled Nazis. Everything is sacrificed for the leader--including your rights and mine.

"This is a pure case of where a few men had the nation by the throat. Someone, and I forget who. said that the se were the men who almost stole the United States. And I believe it. I'm absolutely convinced that the mentality that surrounded Watergate is the most frightening thing that I can remember in my entire life."

Did Nixon know?

"Well, for years he proclaimed that he had his finger on everything--that he knew just what was going on. It's simply inconsistent to believe that in every instance but Watergate he was kept informed.

"Personally, I feel he's in it right up to his eyebrows.

I think he not only knew of the cover-up, which I'm absolutely convinced of, but I think he

Instructor sees peril for Nixon

knew about everything else too. " Hanlen points out that at one time he was a relatively strong supporter of Richard Nixon.

But no more. "You couldn't get me to vote for him if he were running for dog catcher."

Why the change?

"He's shown his true colors.

His policies--with the possible exception of some of his foreign ones--have been disastrous.

The economy, the shady wheat deal.

Why, all you have to do is look at the Environmental Protection Agency. Any time they try to get something passed, what happens? They get side-traqked .

"Despite administration attempts to put a lid on the press, the public has still received the essential information. No democracy can exist without a free press--a responsible but free press. I see nothing to indicate they've been irresponsible.

"This country is bigger than Watergate and it's bigger than Nixon, whether he believes it or not. But it doesn't smell good anyway. The public apathy drives me up a wall , but the polls indicate Nixon's popularity has sunk to new lows.

"In the coming weeks and months, the American public will again be required to make some hard decisions.

With the firing of Archibald Cox and William Ruckleshaus and the resignation of Elliot Richardson, Nixon again faces tremendous challenges.

"Although I do not favor impeachment, the clamor for this is growing stronger.

Whether he survives this outcry or not, remains to be seen. In any case, History will judge the wisdom of all sides of the issue . "

Courtesy of Quill Magazine

Economist assails actions

by Rebel Parks "The President used remarkably poor judgement in choosing the people with whom he surrounded himself. As a matter of fact, a good many of these people appear to have had little professionalism and a remarkable lack of insight into our democratic institution," said Frank R. Martinie, instructor of History and Economics.

Martinie analyzed the attitude of the men involved in the Watergate affair to that of the mind of a middle-aged religious fanatic; seeing their opponents as men who were a danger to society and not men of integrity. Once that decision was made they then felt justified in going beyond the law to "protect" the nation from some "fancied danger" and to the suppression of •wrong".

Believing that Watergate has only been a temporary setback in the continuing development of the political institution, Martinie said that "It seems to me a golden opportunity to make some necessary corrections in what are the "accepted" standards of conduct for people in the legislative and executive branches of the government".

"The most essential of these would be to have all elections publicly financed, "according to Martinie so as to

weaken the influence of pressure groups" Secondly, Martinie said that he thought the time was long overdue to demand full financial disclosures statements of elected and appointed governmental officials.

"The real moral responsibility of Watergate does, however , rest with the apathy of the average voter, who has passively tolerated this thing. If voters became outraged and demanded high standards of conduct , in time, probably a relatively short time, they would be achieved. Much as we have been able to achieve them in a judicial branch of government".

Maintaining that the public has lost faith only in Richard Nixon and his administration, not in the Presidency or political institution, Martinie stated, "In regard to the tape controversy, I believe the Supreme Court of the United States will uphold Judge Sirica's demand to hear the tapes.

"At this point I would guess that the President will refuse to obey the court order; if so, I would hope the House of Representatives would vote for impeachment charges and refer the matter to the United States Senate for trial."

What effect has Watergate had on the public's awareness of our government's function?

Marilyn Souchek, sociology instructor, considers the Watergate affair has destroyed this administration's credibility.

"The consequences of Watergate have forced the people to understand what is really happening in government, yet I'm not sure whether that has been a good or bad effect. The good effect would be that it has made people more aware of what is going on and that they try to prevent these types of things from happening again.

"On the other hand, there's the bad effect, which is apathy; a who cares? attitude.

It has destroyed the whole government's credibility.

"The term 'Watergate' has come to include a variety of incidents. I think the illegal contributions and 'dirty tricks' such as the slanderous letters sent out about some candidates were deplorable.

But, unfortunately, I feel that such tactics are not unusual. As for the political spying, my own feeling is, that' this is typical of what's going on in politics in general.

I don't feel that it was just a one-sided isolated incident. It's typical of politics on all levels.

"For anyone who has been in politics too long there's probably going to be something in their background the public will not approve of. Getting to the level of governor or President, the politician is going to have something that wasn't on the up and up.

"It isn't fair that the candidate who has the most money ends up the winner.

Public funding for campaigns should be coordinated better. AMA, other special interest groups and big corporations supported candidates all over the country in the last major elections. If the people's interests are going to be supported, the thinking must get away from the idea that the most money is going to decide who's going to be in power.

"The circumstances behind Agnew's resignation are just one more example of the admission of corruption that's taking place. This was so ironic, that such a law and order administration actually turns out to have a criminal, yet of a different type.

"Now that Cox, the special prosecutor, has been fired , I find this very damaging to Nixon's credibility. I believe Nixon promised to cooperate fully with Cox when he was appointed , but as soon as Cox did something which wasn't to Nixon's liking, he fired him.

"Another porsecutor should be appointed soon, but he shouldn't be appointed by Nixon or be responsible to him.

I don't see how you can expect to get the truth as long as the person who is being investigated has the power to censor the work of the investigator.

"I'm still not sure what impeachable offenses are, by consitiutional standards, so I don't know if a cover up would be legal grounds for impeachment. However, I think evidence that N:ixon has personally participated in a cover-up would probably create a great deal of public sentiment for impeachment.

"I doubt that the tapes, which will be finally released, will be incriminating and the public will probably always wonder whether the real tapes were heard. These doubts might have been eased somewhat by a prompt agreement to release them.

"I do not favor the present policy of power invested in the Executive Branch.

We need more balance in government.

I'd like to see the Legislative Branch with more power. It's dangerous with one individual having so much (power)."

Students speak against Nixon

by Glae Thien Dissatisfaction with the Nixon Admin. jstration and an appreciation of the ex. posure of the Watergate incident were expressed in a campus poll conducted by THE TELESCOPE. Students were asked: "What is your opinion concerning the Watergate affair and its related activities?"

Here are some of the comments: Mary Schmidt - I think it is sad that our government has proven to be so corrupt, but I am glad that everything was exposed because it lets the public know how everything stands.

Angela Mack - I hope that Nixon gets impeached because of the situation concerning the tapes . He would have made a reporter turn over his information right away. It's a double standard.

Luciano Perez - I really think, that even though it is sad , it exposed the reality of government. It broke things good and dandy, kind oftrickylikeDicky.

John McCoy - I voted for McGovern, don't blame me.

Ron Jones - I think the investigation is a right-on thing. It has been kind of a drag, taking so long to get Nixon out of office.

Robert Janes - It's an American tragedy. Nixon should resign.

Chris Cooper - I think it stinks.

Now, Nixon is finally getting Congress in on running the country. The president can't be above the law since there is no such thing as presidential immunity ...

Maybe Carl Albert should run the country. Then things would be more by the people and of the people ...

Patrice Goodman - I think Nixon should be impeached. He hasn't been honest by using tax money for items other than government. I really think he has just been trying to pull the wool over other's eyes.

George Soules - I was disappointed with the manner Nixon used in dealing with the tapes.

Dee Lewbel - While it has been going

on for so long, I feel the public has now had a chance for reaction. I have faith in the people.

I have just lost faith in the government and its structure.

It's been frightening.

Len Sticka - Nixon is willing to hurt anybody. When he fired that guy, he was just trying to protect himself. I think he's guilty. What he needs, though, is more relations with the· public.

Randy Williams - I'm glad that Agnew got it. I hope that Nixon will now get out of the picture.

Linda Savage - I'm tired of hearing about it.

Rich Graham - Watergate served a good purpose because many situations were brought to light. Possibly, these inequities and injustices can be corrected.

I think, though, people are tired of hearing about the whole thing.

Nancy Comer - It's a shame that it has taken this long to expose corruption that has existed in government.