Science Festival Issue
I There will be no TELESCOPE until April 27 because this week the staH will be attending the journalism convention and the following weeks will be taken up with mid-terms and Easter vacation.
Palomar College SAN MARCOS, CALIFORNIA
VOL XIX NO. 19
TUESDAY, MARCH 23, 1965
NewScienceComplex Science Festival Opens This Week; • Has Many Facets Dedication of Build 1ngs Is Sunday
!HE PALOMAR SCIENCE FESTIVAL begins this week with primary mterest focused on the globular screen in the planetarium. Here visitors will view the workings of the universe. THE OPERATION of the planetarium is much the same as a motion picture theater, except the images are projected on a -large half glope. Seated in the reclining chairs, the viewers are able to see the universe, much as it can be seen on a cloudless night. THE STARS and planets are shown by a projector secured in the center of the dome which rotates, giving the illusion of the stars in motion overhead. HUNDREDS OF·STARS and all the planets except Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are shown. These are not shown, because being too small to be seen by the naked eye, they would have to be blown up out of proportion to the other stars and planets. A NEW "STAR GLOBE" was installed last week and will be in use for the Science Festival. This new globe will show the stars at their exact size and<"magnitude in relation to one another which could not be done with the old globe. This is to create a~ image which more closely resembles the natural universe as can be seen. THE ALUMINUM DOME, which acts as a screen, and the projector cost approximately $30,000 and, with the sound equipment and assembly, the price of the planetarium is nearly$40,000.
New Labs Open For Work PALOMAR CHEMISTRY students Monday began work in the new laboratories, part of the just-opened science complex. Lectures had previously been held in the new lecture rooms, but the Ia bs were not completed for use until last Friday afternoon. THE SECTION of the complex devoted to chemistry contains two lecture rooms, offices, and a complex of laboratories centered around a stockroom. In addition, it boasts an attic and a basement. THE LARGEST LAB is CH-17, the General Chemistry laboratory.. It can accommodate 60 students at a time, with lockers for a total of 360. One side of the lab is devoted to fume hoods, which dispose of noxious gases, and a long balance room. The lab has hot and cold water, faucets for distilled water (connected to the 3,000-gallon tank on the roof of the planetarium) and the latest safety equipment, including at-the-desk water spray for acid spills. THE ANALYTICAL Chemistry lab has "the best analytic equipment in the state," according to Kent Backart, chemistry instructor. It has an air-conditioned balance room which houses delicate weighing balances, sensitive to the slightest change in air temperature and pressure. The Organic laboratory has safety shields which will confine any accident or explosion to a small area. THE STOCKROOM is situated in the center of the lab area. It will contain equipment and a small stock of chemicals; otl}ers will be sent via dumbwaiter from the concrete basement directly below. This basement was blasted out of solid rock, and outside the foot-thick concrete walls is thirty feet of granite. "It's a perfect bomb shelter," remarks Backart. The calorimeter acquired by Bedford will be placed here to take advantage of the constant seventy-degree temperature. The basement also contains a vacuum pump, which will enable students in the labs above to create vacuums for experiments. AMONG THE MANY new features of the labs are facilities for bending and shaping glass, with a valve for pure oxygen (which makes a very hot flame) and a DC power source. The chemistry building also has offices with observation windows looking into the labs, a tiny library where students may study, and a small lab for individual experiments and research. The attic holds the many pipes and conduits for heat, air conditioning, and distilled water. The Life Science building is the only other with such an attic. AS FOR THE OLD BUILDINGS, they will be emptied and locked up until this summer. During the summer months, workmen will repair the plumbing and replace the counter tops and flooring, and next year the labs in the old S building will be used for the overflow chemistry students from the new area.
Three New Telescopes PALOMAR COLLEGE is fortunate to have three telescopes on campus since many junior colleges do not even have one. Two ofthe telescopes the college purchased, and the third, which is 16 inches and the largest one, was donated by the widow of Clarence Friend, an Escondido amateur astronomer. THE TWO TELESCOPES purchased by the college are housed in observatories above the geology building. The observatories which are necessary for astronomical study block out peripheral light and will allow the telescopes to fix on a particular star and follow that star throughout the night. THE 16 INCH TELESCOPE does not have a permanent position as yet. Joe Willis, astronomy instructor said that they are not sure that the observatories will accommodate the new telescope, in the event that it does not fit, it might be placed between the two present observatories. Although the telescope will be lacking a cover it will not suffer any serious damage from being left out as it has been without a cover since 1941. AT THE LEFT of the observatories are two equipment rooms for heating and refrigeration. This arrangement was chosen to conserve as much space as possible for indoor classrooms. At the right of the observatories is the planetarium dome connected to the planetarium building which houses a gigantic circular, dome-shaped screen resembling the "celestial sphere." The screen which is perforated, permits pictures of the sky to be projected from the backside of the screen onto its front. This provides an earth-look at the sky, with a view of the stars from various positions.
First Greenhouse On Campus A GREENHOUSE for Palomar College is built and plans are now underway to facilitate for proper housing of various plants, according to Eugene Stevens, chairman of the Life Science Department. THOUGH BUILT, the house will not be ready for plant growing until late this semester, and probably not in full swing until fall. LOCATED AT THE SOUTH END of the L S Building, the greenhouse will provide locally grown plants as well as foreign varieties for demonstration in the biology and botany classes. ALTHOUGH NO CLASSES will be conducted in the greenhouse because of limited size, students with special interest will be able to grow and conduct plant projects. THE 24 x 16 FOOT BUILDING, constructed of brick four-feet up from the floor, is covered with diffusion glass which acts to filter the sun's rays evenly throughout the room. An evaporator-cooler will be installed before the semester end to hold the temperature below a safe growing level and to increase humidity. EVEN WITH THE HEATING-COOLING MECHANISM, the room temperature will rise during the day and fall at night. "This ~ done," said Stevens, "so that the room will closely simulate the ideal growing variances of the outdoors. The purpose of the system is to eliminate eithe,r extreme heat and extreme cold." FRED ELLIOTT, in charge of the biology and botany sections, will be working with Stevens to construct benches on which to house the pl11ntings. The benches, made of two-inch redwood, spaced one-inch apart, will enable good air circulation. By spacing the boards there will also be good plant drainage. (Continued on Page 2)
(Photos by D. R. Anderson
CHARLES COUTTS gazes at the new projector which will be used in the planetarium,
Kaplan To Speak. Topic Is 11 Science' Around the Worldll
Five top scientists of the country will give lectures each night this week in connection with the week long science festival which will be concluded on Sunday with the dedication of the new science complex. lectures, the speaker will be The lectures will begin at 8 p.m., with showings of the planetarium scheduled for 7 and 9 p.m. The dedication on Sund!lY will begin at 2 p.m. Tonight the speaker will be Dr. Joseph Kaplan, professor of physics at the University of California at Los Angeles, president of the International Union of Goedesy and Geophysics, and internationally known gepphysicist. His topic will be "Science Around The World." DR. EUGENE LA FOND Wednesday night Dr. Eugene La Fond from the U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory, world traveler and noted oceanograp her, will speak on "The International Indian Ocean Oceanographic Expeditions." Dr. Edward D. Goldberg, eminent scientist and provost of Revelle College of the University of California at San Diego, will speak Thursday on "Laboratory Science and Observationa! Science." On Friday, the last day of the
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Symposium Gives Insight To Drama Production
Barry M. Mendoza of General Dynamics-Convair. Mendoza is San Diego manager of the Satellite Program and an authority on space-age education. He will discuss "The five S's ofthe Space Age." DEDICATION SUNDAY Dedication exercises will take place Sunday in the Science Patio. The dedication will be an informal gathering of many important people who will hear Dr. Richard Loomis, president of the college governing board , dedicate the facilities to the students, faculty and community. After the exercises, everyone will be ·free to tour the facilities. StuA symposium conducted dent guides will be on hand to after the performance ol conducttheguests. "Oedipus" on opening night Charles A. Coutts, chairman proved of such interest, acof the Palomar Science Divi- · cording to Frank White, sian, and chairman of arrange- J drama instructor and director ments for the week's program, of the play, that they were insaid "The complex is the most cluded as a part of the regular advanced in San Diego County, production for the rest of the and it compares favorably to run. all the JC's in Southern CaliThe symposium panel, which fornia." varied somewhat during the five days, discussed the philosophical, social and moral significance of the Greek play written by Sophocles over 2500 years ago. Regular panel members Tom Wilbur, who played the title role of Sunday afternoon, March 25, at 4:30 the debate team of Gary Oedipus, and White, were Gray and J. C. Wesley will represent Palomar College on the aided by Virgil Bergman, dean Inter-Collegiate Debate series, seen on KOGO television, of instruction, Dwight Boehm, head of the humanities departChannellO. ment, Richard Lee, English TELEVISION SERIES The team will be debating a team from San Diego City Col- instructor, Angelo Carli, Englege on the national inter-collegiate debate topic, "Resolved lish instructor. that the Federal Government Should Establish a National Program of Public Work for the Unemployed." San Diego will be on the affirmative, attempting to uphold the resolution, and Palomar will be on the negative. This is the third year for the television series and the third year that Palomar has competed. The first year Palomar won the championship by defeating Cal Western University in the final round. That year there were four area schools competing: Palomar and three four-year schools - San Diego State, Cal Western and the University of San Diego. BY CRISTA GILLETTE PALOMAR WINS AT WHITTIER Palomar College hosted the Last weekend Palomar's novice forensics squad competed at the annual Spring Novice tournament at Whittier College and 1965 National Defense Educaproved again that this year's squad is one of the strongest in tion Act Astronomy Workshop for the Southern California the state. Entered as debate teams at Whittier were Dee Bernard and Section last Friday in the Donna Elder, Evalo Blackley and Don Hon, Larry Smith and science lecture hall, room ESBob Hicks. Each of these people also competed in two individ- 19. Dr. Halton C. Arp, Mt. Wilson and Palomar Observatorual events against competition from over thirty schools. ies, spoke on the "Problems STRONG SHOWING In Extemporaneous speaking Bob Hicks received a Superior and Progress in Cosmology." award and Larry Smith an Excellent award. Excellent awards He was followed by Freeman were also won by Dee Bernard in impromptu speaking and D'Vincent, associate of Kraft Ehricke who was originally Donna Elder in oratory. In debate Palomar made its strongest showing by winning scheduled to speak on the two Superior awards. These two Superior awards, which were "Mars Project," but was sudwon by the teams of Smith-Hicks and Elder-Bernard, were two denly called off to Washington. Dr. Arp, who believes in the of only eight awards that were given out to the seventy debate theory of the expanding un iteams that were competing. verse, as opposed to Hoyle's PALOMAR TO HOST TOURNAMENT Next on the forensics squad's calendar is the Pacific South- steady state universe, began with an explanation of cosmolw_e~tern Collegiate Forensics Association's annual Spring IndiVIdual Events Championship which Palomar will be hosting ogy, which is simply the study of the nature of the universe. this coming weekend, March 26 and 27. This tournament, previously held at California State College He said there are two apat Long Beach, will draw top competition from throughout the proaches to cosmology: The western United States. Mr. Ronald Tabor,• Director of Foren- theoretical approach - when, sics at Palomar, who is acting as host-director for this tourna- in a mathematical sense, we ment said that most of the teams that would be competing generalize as much as poswould be from four year colleges and universities with the top sible; and the observational approach - when we see what Junior Colleges also being entered.
Palomar Forensic Team Debates SDCC o·nTV
over the science complex.
FRANK WHITE, drama instructor, explains a point about "Oedipus," during a symposium which was held after the play on opening night. The symposium, although it was scheduled for only opening night, did so well that it was continued for the entire run. Other members of the panel are from left: Angelo Carli, Enclish instructor, Tom Wilbur, who played Oedipus, Frank White, and Dwight Boehm, English instructor. (Photo by Art Gross)
COMMENTS SOLICITED Comments from the audience were solicited by the panel, and ranged from questions about the costumes, which White designated as early "spectacular" (many of them were originally used in movie spectaculars such as "The Story of Ruth"), to the meaning of the "larger than life" Greek tragedy in modern terms. The audience questioned members of the cast concern-
ing the problems inherent in performing these classic roles. "One of the most difficult things for me to overcome" said Wilbur, "was my own personal inhibition." Modern man does not express h imself with the emotio nal abandonment of the ancient Greek". AUDIENCE KNEW MYTH The original myth upon which Sophocles based his play was well known by audiences to which it was presented. White explained the
myth as in the written program. "The Greeks already knew what was going to happen to Oedipus. They wanted to see how Sophocles would handle the story dramatically. What I can't understand is why the play only won a second place prize with its first presen tation, since it is one of the most significant p ieces of drama in the history of Western civilization." said White. Audience attendance at the symposiums exceeded that which had been hoped for according to White. Instructors of the English 1B classes had assigned the viewing of the play since it is included in their text. "Reading the play is certainly not the same as seeing it acted out upon a stage," said one student. "This production has brought Oedipus alive for me."
Future In Astronomy
Instructors AttendWorkshop we actually have in the universe. We started with the simplest possible universe, the same in every direction. "Einstein's theory was just coming into fruition at this time. He wanted to apply it and he did but was surprised to find that there was no stable solution - so he put a constant in his equation," said Dr. Arp. A few years later, with the use of the 100 inch Mt. Wilson telescope, scientists saw that the extra-gallactic nebulae were actually moving away from us, proving Einstein right. When he found ·this, he said he never should have used the constant, but today, Dr. Arp went on, scientists still disagree as to the use of a constant. GALAXIES SLOWING DOWN Having thus involved his audience ·in past and present predicaments, Dr. Arp evolved into a discussion of the mathematical equation serving as a working solution for the rate of expansion of the universe.
he concluded saying that, "If the universe is now exploding outward with a certain velocity, mass in the universe is going to have a braking effect, a slowing down of galaxies - thus, the amount of deceleration is a measure of the amount of mass in the universe." (Basically, the theory of the expanding universe postulates that the universe was at one time very close together and, after an explosion, it moved apart. Under this theory, the universe is still expanding but at the same time, slowing down.) STEADY STATE UNIVERSE Here, Dr. Arp, with a sigh of resignation, said he supposed he would have to discuss the steady state theory of the universe. He said , "It represents a completely different approach to cosmology. Einstein's is a deductive approach - deduced from certain facts. Hoyle's is an inductive ap-
proach. He says, let's guess a model of the universe and see whether the universe fits this. Thus, he came up with the steady state universe." Accord ing to Dr. Arp, Hoyle had to consider three things in his unive rse: 1. As galaxies move away, the average density goes down. So, Hoyle had to create matter out of nothing, which is nothing. 2. Another requirement of the steady state universe is that matter interjected into the universe will have to be galaxies. As the stars in galaxies burn out, new ones have to be formed. Quazars may represent galaxies in formation. 3. Radio telescopes look back into time when the galaxies were closer together, thus more dense; however, measurement of the density of very distant radio sources shows an excess of radio sources over that we would ex(Continued on Page 2)