The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 outlines essential skills, values, dispositions, and learning approaches necessary for students to thrive in the 21st century. This textbook identifies and incorporates these elements throughout its content, activities, and exercises. Referred to as “NEP Tags”, they are defined as follows:
INTEGRATED
Art Integration
Bringing creativity and fun into learning by combining music, drama, and art with other subjects
Sports Integration
Using games and sports in daily life to enrich computer-related activities
Holistic & Integrated Learning
Cross-curricular linkages to make the learning experience more holistic, joyful and meaningful
Critical Thinking
Coding opportunities to apply higher-order skills like algorithmic and computational thinking, and problem-solving
SDG
Hands-on Activity
Step-by-step activities to enable learners put theoretical knowledge into practice
Sustainable Development Goals
Applied computer science activities related to real-world issues and sustainable development
SEL Social Emotional Learning
Developing the skills to understand and manage emotions, build positive relationships with others and make responsible choices
GAMES
Mapping of Tools and Technologies Across Grades
The curriculum is thoughtfully mapped to introduce tools and technologies at each grade level, ensuring a smooth and progressive learning experience for students. Beginning with basic concepts in junior grades, the curriculum gradually incorporates more advanced tools and concepts in higher grades. This structured approach enables students to build on their knowledge each year, equipping them with essential skills in computer science and technology as they progress from grade 1 through grade 8. By the time they reach the higher grades, students are well-equipped to tackle complex projects, think critically, and apply their skills in real-world scenarios. The curriculum not only fosters technical proficiency but also encourages creativity, problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of the digital world.
1
Chapter at a Glance: Walkthrough of Key Elements
We
Natural and Human-Made Things
Theme Page: Lists the chapters covered under a unit
Computers
2
Natural and Human-Made Things
and rivers. These are called natural things
Comic Story: To introduce key concepts in a fun way
Did You Know: Interesting facts related to the topic
Discuss: A multi-faceted probing question related to the concept that arouses curiosity
4
3
Explore More: Short videos to find out more about the topic
Do It Yourself: Short exercises between the chapter to pause and assess comprehension
We see many things around us. Some things are present in nature like trees, animals,
Computers
Some things are made by humans. These are called human-made things. Buildings, cars, and umbrella are some human-made things.
Drawing an Oval
Follow these steps to draw an oval:
1. Open Paint and click on the Shapes group.
2. Click on the Oval shape.
Project-based Learning: A project-based learning approach employed to foster an engaging and interactive learning experience
3. After selecting the shape, go to the drawing area.
4. Hold the left mouse button, drag the mouse, and then release the mouse button. You will see that an oval has been drawn. Oval
Points to Remember: Summary of the chapter
Chapter Checkup: Chapter-end practice exercises aligned to different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy
Apply your learning: Intellectually stimulating questions designed for higher-order thinking and analysis
Have you ever given a command to the speaker at your home to play a song, and it plays it?
Do you know what these speakers are known as?
These special speakers, which follow your voice commands, are smart speakers Smart speakers can do this because of AI.
What is AI?
Artificial Intelligence: Chapters on Artificial Intelligence to explore the fundamentals of AI, including its principles and applications in various fields
AI stands for Artificial Intelligence It gives machines the ability to learn and do things on their own, just like humans do
• Learning Games: These are educational games that you play on your computer. Some of them use AI to adjust the difficulty level as you play. For example, Quick, Draw!
Around Us
Fun with AI: Using Quick, Draw!
1. Visit this link with the help of your teacher: https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/
2. Click on the Let’s Draw! button to start.
AI devices are all around us. There are many types of machines that use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to perform tasks or respond to us. Some examples of such AI devices are:
Fun with AI: Engaging AI activities designed to help students explore and apply AI concepts in practical ways
• Talking Toys: Some toys use AI to understand your voice and respond with sounds, songs, or even short sentences. These speakers respond to your voice commands. They use AI to understand your voice commands, like when you ask them to play music or tell
• Robot Helpers: daily tasks at home. They can clean floors, cook food, etc. They do work in the same way as a human does.
AI Connect: Linking the topics in theory chapters to real-life applications of Artificial Intelligence
3. The AI will ask you to draw something like a cat, mug, house,
with Computers
AI helps teachers and children in many ways at schools:
Selfie Magic: Some phones use AI to edit your selfies. The AI can adjust lighting, smooth out backgrounds, or add fun filters. 01
• It checks your spelling and gives better words.
• It listens when you read and helps you say words correctly.
• It plays learning games that change to help you learn better.
• It can look at pictures you draw or write and tell what they are. AI Connect
AI Activity: Engaging, hands-on activities in every Tools chapter based on an AI-related extension of the topic Magic Sketchpad
AI Activity
a We can talk to our friends using a computer.
Test Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 3) A. Fill in the blanks.
b We can smell a flower shown on a computer.
c We can learn to dance using a computer.
Magic Sketchpad is a website that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to help complete your drawings. When you start drawing something, the computer guesses what you are trying to make and adds to it.
Objective: The aim of this activity is to help students understand that AI can learn from drawings and try to guess what we are making.
As students draw, they will see how the computer watches their lines, makes a smart guess, and then helps complete the picture.
Test Papers: Designed to evaluate understanding of core concepts and application of skills
1 Open the following website with the help of your teacher: https://magic-sketchpad.glitch.me
1 Things that are present in nature are called things.
Tick () the things for which computers can be used at a school.
a To teach and learn.
2 Some machines need to work.
b To book tickets.
2 You will see a blank white area in the centre.
3 A list of object names appears at the top showing “cat,” “car,” “tree,” etc. options.
3 Computers are used in to keep information of patients.
c To play on the field.
4 At restaurants, computers are used to order and pay for B. Tick () the correct answer.
Main Parts of a Computer
1 Which of the following is a human-made thing?
a Mountains b Trees
c Cars
2 Which machine helps us
Introduction to Avora
Places in Avora
Meet the Characters
Artificial Artificial
What is AI? What is AI?
Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is a technology that helps computers learn from data and follow instructions to solve problems and make decisions. AI programs use patterns and examples to work. It is used in voice assistants, robots, and smart apps to help with many tasks. AI is becoming a big part of how we use technology every day.
AI Technolog y: Drones using AI
AI helps drones fly smartly without always needing a person to control them. They can:
Take clear photos and videos from high above.
Detect and avoid trees, buildings, and power lines.
Follow people, cars, or objects all by themselves.
Help farmers check crops, filmmakers shoot movies and rescue teams find people in danger.
Intelligence Intelligence
AI Inventor: Frank Wang
Frank Wang founded DJI in 2006.
He is called the ‘Father of modern drones’.
His work made drones smarter, safer, and helpful for people
AI Company: DJI
DJI drones are used in:
History of Computers
Computers have become an integral part of our lives. They help us in almost every sphere of life these days. We cannot even imagine a world without computers. Have you ever wondered how people were managing without computers before their invention?
Let us learn about some early-age devices and the history of computers and how they have evolved from slow, bulky, and room-sized machines to fast, smart, and sleek gadgets.
1. Abacus:
a. Abacus is one of the earliest counting devices.
b. It is a wooden frame divided into two parts.
c. Both the parts have rods on which the beads move and are used for basic mathematical calculations.
2. Napier’s Bones:
a. It is a manually-operated calculating device developed by John Napier in 1617.
b. In this calculating tool, he used nine different ivory strips or bones marked with numbers to multiply and divide.
3. Pascaline:
a. Pascaline, also called the Arithmetic Machine or Adding Machine, is considered one of the first mechanical and automatic calculators.
b. It was invented between 1642 and 1644 by the French mathematician and philosopher, Blaise Pascal.
c. It can perform only addition and subtraction.
4. Stepped Reckoner or Leibniz Wheel:
a. Leibniz, a German mathematician and philosopher, created the Stepped Reckoner in 1673, improving upon earlier mechanical calculators.
b. It is a digital mechanical calculator that uses a stepped drum (also known as the Leibniz wheel) to represent numbers.
c. Leibniz’s machine helped us see that machines could do maths automatically, which eventually contributed to the development of modern computers.
5. Difference Engine and Analytical Engine:
a. Charles Babbage designed both engines and is known as the ‘Father of Modern Computers’.
b. The Difference Engine performs simple calculations, whereas the Analytical Engine uses punch cards for input. A punch card is a piece of card that stores digital data using punched holes.
6. Tabulating Machine:
a. It was invented by an American statistician Herman Hollerith in 1890.
b. This electromechanical machine was developed to help in processing data stored on punch cards.
7. Differential Analyzer:
a. It is the first electronic computer invented in the United States in 1930.
b. This analog device, invented by Vannevar Bush, could perform 25 calculations in a few minutes.
8. Mark I:
a. In 1937, Howard Aiken thought of the idea of a machine to handle large-scale calculations.
b. In 1944, IBM and Harvard collaborated to build the Mark I computer.
9. ENIAC:
a. Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was one of the first programmable, general-purpose, electronic digital computers. It was built in 1945 by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.
b. It was massive and superfast for its time, like a giant calculator with lots of tubes and wires.
c. It helped with important tasks like calculating for the military, predicting the weather, and studying science.
d. ENIAC started the era of modern computers, demonstrating their ability and inspiring the development of improved, smaller, and more efficient machines.
10. UNIVAC:
a. After ENIAC, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert developed the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) and delivered it to the Census Bureau on March 31, 1951. It is one of the earliest commercial computers.
b. It replaced the punch card accounting machines. It was the fastest machine developed in its time.
c. It helped with research-level calculation in universities, and helped make office calculations automatic.
Generations of Computers
ENIAC weighed more than 27 tons and took up 1,800 square feet space. Did You Know?
Explore More!
Learn more about ENIAC, the first programmable, electronic, generalpurpose digital computer.
Generations of computers mean the various stages of advancement in computer technology. These generations are usually categorised into five main phases:
1. First Generation Computers (1946–59):
a. These early computers used vacuum tubes, which consisted of thin filaments, that caused the computers to heat up a lot.
b. They had limited memory, so they could not store much information.
c. These computers were huge, costly, slow, and not very reliable. They required a lot of maintenance.
d. People programmed them using machine language assembly language, both of which were quite complex.
e. Famous first generation computers include ENIAC and UNIVAC.
2. Second Generation Computers (1959–65):
a. These computers were relatively smaller because they used tiny transistors instead of bulky vacuum tubes.
b. These computers were faster and cheaper, making them more efficient.
c. They stored information using magnetic core memory.
d. People used punched cards to input data and programs, and the output was printed on paper or saved to magnetic tapes for later use.
e. These computers used assembly languages for programming and could work on data in organised batches.
f. Famous computers from this time were the CDC 3600 and IBM 7090.
3. Third Generation Computers (1965–71):
a. The third generation computers used integrated circuits (ICs). They are also known as silicon chips or microchips. They were used widely. Integrated circuits are circuits of many electronic components together on a chip. This made the size of computers much smaller.
b. The ICs in this generation used small scale integration (SSI) and medium scale integration (MSI) technologies.
c. They used a variety of memory technologies, including core memory (from the previous generation) and emerging options like semiconductor memory, which offered faster access times and potentially higher capacity.
d. Keyboards and friendlier interfaces were introduced for users which helped them interact with the computers.
e. Programming languages like Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL), Formula Translation (FORTRAN), and Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) made it easier to write software for these machines.
f. These computers were smaller, but they were still expensive. IBM’s System/360 and DEC’s PDP-11 were popular models during this time.
4. Fourth Generation Computers (1971–80):
a. Fourth generation computers used integrated circuits with VLSI technology. VLSI stands for Very Large-scale Integration, which means almost up to 1,00,000 electronic components are present on a single small chip. This chip is also known as a microprocessor.
b. They use the faster and more reliable Random Access Memory (RAM) instead of the older magnetic core memory.
c. Input devices like keyboards and mouses are used to interact with these computers. For output, they have monitors and printers.
d. High-level programming languages like C, Pascal, and FORTRAN are used to write software for these computers.
e. Fourth-generation computers are faster, smaller, and cheaper than their predecessors. Some popular names from this era include IBM PC, HP 9000 Series, and DEC 10.
5. Fifth Generation Computers (1980–current):
a. Fifth generation computers were envisioned from the 1980s onwards, focusing on advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), which are still evolving.
b. They use large-capacity, high-speed memory and storage to handle big datasets efficiently.
c. Examples of input and output methods include voice recognition, gesture control, augmented reality, virtual reality, and brain-computer interfaces.
d. Popular programming languages like Python, R, and Julia are used in the development of AI and ML programs.
Did You Know?
Even though the first modern computer was huge, it could perform only four tasks: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
AI Connect
Fifth Generation Computers
From huge room-sized machines to today’s smart devices, computers have come a long way.
Imagine asking your smart TV to find a cartoon and it understands instantly, or your phone suggesting the next word as you type. These are examples of Fifth Generation Computers, powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML).
They can recognise voices, understand pictures, and suggest videos, books, or games you might like. Examples include voice assistants like Siri or Alexa, recommendation systems on YouTube and Netflix, and language translators like Google Translate.
Although they seem very advanced, scientists are still improving them to interact more naturally — but remember, they follow patterns, not real feelings.
Do It Yourself 1A
Match the generation of computers with their technology.
Column A
First Generation Computers
Column B
Integrated circuits (SSI, MSI)
Second Generation Computers Integrated circuits (VLSI)
Third Generation Computers
Artificial Intelligence
Fourth Generation Computers Transistors
Fifth Generation Computers Vacuum tubes
Characteristics of Computers
Let us learn about different characteristics of a computer.
1. Speed: Computers are very fast. They can perform many calculations and tasks in just a fraction of a second, much faster than humans.
2. Accuracy: Computers are highly accurate. Unlike humans, they do not make mistakes due to tiredness or hurry.
3. Storage: Computers have a large memory. They can store huge amounts of data, including pictures, documents, videos, and more.
4. Automatic: Computers can work on their own once they are given instructions.
5. Multitasking: Computers can handle many tasks at the same time. For example, they can run a game while also performing calculations.
6. Communication: With the help of the internet, computers allow us to connect and communicate with people around the world.
Explore More!
Using the latest technology, you can make and receive phone calls by connecting your phone to a computer.
Limitations of Computers
Computers are incredibly powerful and versatile machines, but they also have several limitations. Here are some of the key limitations of computers:
1. Computers cannot think like humans: Computers are designed and controlled by humans. Even when they seem to operate independently, it is because humans have programmed them to do so.
2. Maintenance: Computers need regular maintenance and timely updates for their proper functioning.
3. Lack of emotional intelligence: While humans experience a range of emotions like happiness, sadness, and excitement, computers lack emotional intelligence and empathy. They cannot feel emotions like humans do. This limits their applications in fields that require emotional understanding, such as counselling and therapy.
Do It Yourself 1B
Write T for True and F for False.
1 Computers are faster than humans at performing calculations and tasks.
2 Communication with other people using the internet cannot be done through computers.
3 Computers can work on multiple tasks simultaneously.
4 Computers can experience and express human emotions like happiness and sadness.
to Remember
Charles Babbage’s designs, the difference engine and the analytical engine, laid the foundation for modern computers.
The ENIAC, built in 1945, was the first electronic and programmable computer.
First generation computers (1946–59) used vacuum tubes, and were large and unreliable.
Second generation computers (1959–1965) introduced transistors, magnetic core memory, and punch cards. These computers were more reliable than the first-generation computers.
Third generation computers (1965–71) brought integrated circuits, core memory, and userfriendly interfaces. The use of IC dramatically reduced the size of computers.
Fourth generation computers (1971–80) featured microprocessors, RAM, and advanced input/ output devices.
Fifth generation computers (1980–to date) use AI and ML technologies, advanced memory, and innovative input/output methods.
Computers are known for their speed and can perform complex calculations in a fraction of a second.
Computers possess memory to store vast amounts of information, ensuring quick access. Computers let us communicate through the internet, letting us connect globally.
Computers lack independent thinking, emotions, and empathy. They rely on precise instructions and require regular maintenance.
The first programmable electronic digital computer, often considered the beginning of modern computing, was called
The first generation of computers, from 1946 to 1959, used
The third generation of computers introduced , which significantly reduced the size of computers.
Fifth-generation computers use and have advanced memory for handling large data sets.
B. Tick () the correct option.
What type of memory did second generation computers use for storage?
a Magnetic core memory
c Magnetic drum memory
b RAM
d Punch cards
In which generation of computers were integrated circuits (ICs) introduced instead of transistors?
a Second generation
c Fourth generation
b Third generation
d Fifth generation
Which programming language is NOT associated with the third generation of computers?
a Python
c FORTRAN
b COBOL
d BASIC
Which computer inventor is often referred to as the ‘Father of Modern Computers’?
a Charles Babbage
c Blaise Pascal
b John Napier
d Vannevar Bush
Which characteristic of computers allows them to perform multiple tasks simultaneously?
a Memory
c Speed
b Automation
d Multitasking
I am the one who designed two significant machines, the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine.
I am the generation of computers characterised by large size, slow speed, and use of vacuum tubes for computation.
I am a machine, invented between 1642 and 1644 by the French mathematician-philosopher Blaise Pascal, and am capable of performing addition and subtraction operations.
I am a German mathematician known for inventing the Leibniz Wheel, a digital mechanical calculator.
I am one of the first electronic computers ever made in 1945, and I helped with important tasks like military calculations, weather prediction, and scientific research.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
The Tabulating machine was invented by American statistician Herman Hollerith.
Early computers often used punched cards for input and printed results on paper.
Fifth generation computers use AI.
Computers require regular maintenance and updates to ensure that they function properly.
F. Apply your learning.
Sree lived a long time ago, way before computers were invented. Name some devices that he could have used for faster calculations.
Ravi found something to help him with multiplication and division. It is not a modern calculator, and it has ‘bones’. What do you think it can be?
Tanya had a digital-mechanical calculator that uses a stepped drum to represent numbers. Tell Tanya the name of the inventor of this wooden rack and what it is called.
Archi discovered that computers have a big closet where all their important data can be kept. Can you let Archi know what this closet is called?
Ram thought about a computer that could do many things at once. It is like a clever friend who can solve maths problems while also having fun playing a game. What do you call this characteristic of a computer?
It is the time of summer vacations. Riya and all her friends are visiting different places during their vacations. They are discussing their experiences over a video call. Do you know what makes them connect over a video call?
Yes! The internet. You have learnt the basics of the internet in the previous class. Now, let us learn more about the internet in this chapter.
Internet
The internet is a huge network of millions of computers connected worldwide. It enables communication and the sharing of information.
Today, the Internet has become an essential part of our daily lives. We use it for studying, shopping, banking, and communication. It is difficult to imagine completing many tasks without it.
Let us learn about some uses of the internet.
Uses of the Internet
Some of the important uses of the internet are:
1. Online shopping: You can buy toys, clothes, and many other things online, all from the comfort of your home. Apps like Amazon, Flipkart, and Myntra make it easy to buy things with just a click.
2. Cashless payment: You can use apps like Paytm, Google Pay, or credit and debit cards to pay for things online. These transactions, known as cashless payments, are becoming increasingly popular.
3. Online learning: The internet allows you to discover new information from all over the world, making it possible to learn about a wide range of topics anytime and anywhere.
4. Online communication: Using the internet, you can talk to your friends, see their pictures and videos, and share a lot of data with them. There are some applications, like Facebook, Instagram, and more, that make this possible.
5. Entertainment: The internet offers you plenty of entertainment options. You can enjoy videos, play games, and listen to your favourite songs. Additionally, you can download films, games, and music. Apps like Netflix, Hotstar, and YouTube provide access to a wide range of video content as well.
Did You Know?
The internet is so massive that no one knows exactly how many websites are on it. The first website on the internet was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee.
1 Match the following.
2 Write the name of one application that helps you do the following:
a Online shopping
b Entertainment
c Online communication
Ways to Connect to the Internet
There are several ways to connect to the internet. Here are some common methods:
1. Wired connection (using cables): This method uses copper or fibre-optic cables to transmit data. Wired connections are known for their reliability and speed. They are commonly used in homes and businesses where stable, high-speed internet access is required. These connections are also known as broadband connections.
2. Wireless connection (using signals): Wireless connections use radio waves to transmit data between devices and a router. This method is highly convenient, as it eliminates the need for physical cables. Wi-Fi is one of the most commonly used wireless connections.
3. Cellular connection (like a mobile phone): Cellular connections rely on mobile networks and cell towers to provide internet access. They are widely used for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. These devices have data limitations and varying speeds based on network coverage.
4. Satellite: Satellite internet relies on communication satellites in orbit to provide internet access, especially in remote or rural areas where other forms of internet connectivity may not be readily available. It may have a slightly longer delay compared to other methods.
5. Dial-up: Dial-up is an old and slow way to get on the internet. It worked using a regular phone line. However, it is no longer suitable for today’s internet requirements due to its slow speed. Most people now use faster internet connections, like broadband.
Think and Tell
What are some other ways to connect to the internet?
Email
Email (electronic mail) is one of the oldest and most widely used forms of online communication. It allows users to send text messages, attachments, and multimedia to one or more recipients over the internet.
Features
of Email
• It is widely used for personal and professional communication.
• Users can send files, images, and other documents.
• Examples of websites providing email services are Gmail, Outlook, Rediffmail, etc.
Messaging Apps
Messaging apps offer real-time communication through text messages, voice calls, and even video conferencing. It is also usually called instant messaging (IM). It is often used for quick, informal conversations.
Features of Messaging Apps
• Multiple users can participate in the same conversation using group chats.
• Users can send images, documents, and other files using IM apps.
• Some IM services also support voice and video communication.
• Popular examples of messaging apps include WhatsApp, Telegram, and Signal.
Video Conferencing
Video conferencing allows multiple participants to engage in live video and audio communication. It is widely used for virtual meetings, webinars, and online classes.
Features of Video Conferencing
• It is used to conduct meetings with colleagues working from different locations.
• It facilitates online learning with live video interactions between teachers and students.
• Users can present their screen to other participants and record meetings as well.
• Some common video conferencing platforms are Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, and Zoom.
Social Media
Social media platforms enable users to interact with other users using the same platform. They can create and share content with other users also. Social media platforms are used for personal communication, networking, and content sharing.
Features of Social Media
• Users can share text, photos, and videos to keep their network informed about their life.
• They can join groups and communities based on their interests.
• They can leave comments and participate in conversations on posts.
• Some examples of social media platforms are Facebook, Instagram, and X (formerly known as Twitter).
Blogging and Microblogging
Blogging platforms allow users to create and maintain blogs, which are regularly updated with content such as articles, photos, and videos, such as travel blogs, restaurant blogs, and so on. Microblogging platforms enable users to share short updates.
Features of Blogging and Microblogging
• Users can write and publish blog posts. The authors or creators of blogs are called bloggers.
• They can add images, videos, and other media to their posts allowing for a personalised look and feel.
• Readers of blogs can leave comments on posts.
• Examples of blogging websites include WordPress and Tumblr.
Twitter, or X, can be considered both a microblogging site and a social media platform. It allows for microblogging by facilitating the creation and sharing of short posts, and it also functions as a social media platform by offering features for social interaction and community building. Did You Know?
Online Forums
Forums are online discussion boards where users can post messages and engage in conversations on various topics. These portals focus on specific interests or communities. They provide a platform for users to ask questions, share knowledge, and engage in discussions.
Features of Online Forums
• Users seek information or advice from experts or fellow users.
• Anyone can answer questions and contribute their expertise to the community.
• Users can debate ideas and participate in ongoing conversations on various topics.
• Some examples include Reddit and Quora.
Do It Yourself 2C
Match the communication technology with its corresponding feature.
Column A Column B
Email
Video Conferencing
Instant Messaging
Social Media
Real-time chat
Sending and receiving messages
Voice and video calls
Writing and publishing blog posts
Blogging Creating profiles and sharing updates
AI Connect
Tagging Friends in Photos
AI facial recognition is a technology that can identify people in pictures. It works by looking at small details — like how far apart the eyes are, the curve of the mouth, or the shape of the nose — and comparing these patterns to other photos it has seen before.
When you upload a photo on social media, the app might ask, “Is this your friend Riya?” If it finds a match, it suggests a name. This makes tagging friends quick and easy, but it also shows that AI can identify people just by their faces. That is why it is important to know how this technology works and to use it carefully.
Electronic Mail
You have learnt in the previous section that electronic mail, or email, is used to send and receive messages over the internet. Emails are sent and received instantly, making them a much quicker alternative to traditional mail. Let us learn how to create an email account using Gmail.
Setting up Your Gmail Account
Gmail is a free and popular email service offered by Google. Follow the given steps to create a Gmail account:
• Visit the link: https://accounts.google.com/
• The following screen appears:
• Click on the Create account button, and select the ‘For my personal use’ option from the list of options.
• On the following screens, you need to fill in your first name and last name, your date of birth, and your gender.
• Then you will be asked to select a username for your email ID.
• Select a relevant username. If the username that you have selected is already taken, then you can either select from the alternatives shown by Google or create your own.
• After that, you will be asked to create a strong password. Be sure to create a password by using a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols.
• Now, you will be asked to provide your phone number. You can enter your parents’ mobile number to receive a verification code.
• Enter the verification code to view Gmail’s ‘Privacy and Terms’. Scroll down the page to read the terms and conditions.
• After reading the terms and conditions, click on the I agree button. Your Google account will be created and the home page will open.
• Now, click on the Google Apps icon present on the top right-hand corner of the screen (represented by nine dots) and select the Gmail option.
• Your Gmail Inbox will open. All the messages received are displayed in the inbox of the Gmail account.
• Now, you can use your Gmail account to send or receive emails.
Sending an Email
To send an email:
• Click on the Compose button present in the left-hand panel of your Gmail interface.
• The New Message window opens.
• Let us understand the various components of the New Message window before writing a message.
To: This field is where you enter the email address of the person you want to send the email to. That person is referred to as the recipient of the email.
Subject: To let the recipient know about the subject of your email, you need to provide a brief description of the email’s topic.
Cc: The full form of Cc is Carbon Copy. If you want to send the same email to another person, then you can click on the Cc option and enter the email ID of the other person. In this case, all the recipients can see to whom you have sent the same message.
Bcc: Bcc stands for Blind Carbon Copy. It allows you to send the same message to multiple people without revealing their email addresses to each other. In this case, every recipient will get the message but will not be able to know who the other recipient of the same message are.
Message area: This is where you type your message.
Send: After typing your message, click on the Send button. Make sure to check the Cc, Bcc, and Subject fields once again before sending the message.
Attachment: If you want to send a file (image, text, or any document type) along with your message, then you can click on the Attachment icon, represented by a paper clip, and select the relevant file to be sent.
Netiquette
Netiquette, shortform for Internet etiquette, refers to a set of guidelines and rules for polite and respectful behaviour when communicating online. Practising good netiquette is essential for a positive and productive online environment.
Here are some important netiquette principles for the internet users:
1. Be kind and respectful: Treat others on the internet the way you want to be treated. Don’t say bad things or be a bully.
2. Use good language: Don’t use bad words or rude language when you are chatting or leaving comments. Use words that are nice and friendly.
3. Do not share personal information: Never give out your full name, address, phone number, or other private details online. Keep your personal information safe.
4. Be careful with what you post: Think before you post pictures, videos, or messages. Make sure they are safe and don’t hurt anyone’s feelings.
5. Respect other people’s privacy: Do not go through someone’s personal content or spill others’ secrets.
6. Be careful while using emojis: Emojis are a fun and expressive way to communicate, but it is important to use them carefully and considerately. Emojis may be more appropriate in casual conversations with friends than in formal business emails.
7. Do not spam: Spamming means sending the same message over and over again. It is annoying. Hence, do not do it.
8. Do not shout: Writing in all capital letters is like shouting when talking to someone online. Use lowercase letters most of the time.
Do It Yourself 2D
Give a term for the following:
1 A person to whom the email is sent.
2 An option used to send the same email to multiple email ids.
3 A set of guidelines to know how to behave online.
4 Process of sending the same message over and over again.
Points to Remember
1 The internet connects millions of computers worldwide and allows communication and information sharing.
2 The internet is used for online shopping, cashless payments, online learning, communication, and entertainment.
3 Common methods to connect to the internet include wired, wireless, cellular, satellite, and dial-up connections.
4 Web browsers like Google Chrome, Safari, and Firefox help you access information on the World Wide Web.
5 Email, messaging apps, video conferencing, social media, blogging, and online forums are popular methods of communicating online.
6 Polite and respectful behaviour online includes being kind, using good language, protecting personal information, and not spamming.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 The internet connects millions of worldwide.
2 You can use to buy toys, clothes, and many other things online.
3 allows you to send text messages and multimedia to one or more recipients over the internet.
4 is a wireless connection method that uses radio waves.
5 is a set of guidelines for polite behaviour online.
B. Select () the correct option.
1 Which app is used for online learning? a Amazon b Paytm c Google Classroom d Netflix
2 Which type of internet connection uses cell towers? a Wired b Cellular c Satellite d Dial-up
3 What does the Bcc field in an email stand for?
a Blind Carbon Copy
c Broad Carbon Copy
4 Which app is known for video streaming?
b Blind Customer Copy
d Basic Customer Copy
a Paytm b Flipkart
c Netflix
5 What is the main purpose of using a web browser?
a To send emails
c To play games
C. Who am I?
1 I am a service that allows you to buy things online.
d Telegram
b To browse the internet
d To make video calls
2 I am a field in an email where recipients cannot see each other’s addresses.
3 I am a wireless connection method using radio waves.
4 I am a platform for sharing short updates.
5 I am a set of guidelines for polite online behaviour.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Wi-Fi uses cables to transmit data.
2 Gmail is a free email service provided by Google.
3 Messaging apps can only send text messages.
4 Spamming means sending the same message over and over again.
5 Writing in all capital letters is considered polite online behaviour.
E. Answer the following questions.
1 What is the internet?
2 Name two popular apps for online shopping.
3 What is the difference between Cc and Bcc in an email?
4 Name two popular video conferencing apps.
5 Why is netiquette important?
F. Apply your learning.
1 You want to send a picture to your friend using email. Which feature will you use?
2 Raima needs to attend an online class with live video interaction. Which method will she use?
3 Sneha’s friend sent her an email but also copied another person in it. Which email field shows this information?
4 Shailja wants to post a picture and share it with her friends online. Which platform can she use?
5 Lovey wants to ask a question and get advice from other internet users. Which platform should she use?
Creating a Table
Imagine you are working on a social science project where you need to gather some data for different countries all around the world.
You need to collect data about which continent the country belongs to, what the capital of the country is, and which currency is used there.
After collecting the data, you can put this data in a table to represent it in a better way.
Let us create a table in Google Docs to record these values.
Google Docs allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating with other users in real time.
Table: A table helps arrange information neatly in boxes made of rows and columns.
Row: A row is a horizontal line of data in a table.
Column: A column is a vertical line of data in a table.
Cell: A cell is the intersection of a row and a column in a table.
Steps to create a table:
1. Open Google Docs.
2. Click on the big plus sign (+) or Blank option to create a new document.
3. Click on the Insert menu from the menu bar.
4. Select the Table option from the drop-down list that appears.
5. Select the number of rows and columns from the Table templates grid. Here, we are creating a table with 5 columns and 8 rows.
Your table is created in the document.
Did You Know?
Google Docs tables are great for creating organised lists with checkboxes, making to-do lists, and so on.
Entering Data in a Table
To enter data in a table, follow these steps:
1. Click on the first cell in the table.
2. Start typing the names of the columns, like Continent, Country, Capital, Currency, and Language.
3. Use Tab key to move to the next cell in the table and Shift + Tab to move to the previous cell.
4. In the second row, write the name of the continent under the Continent column, name of the country under the Country column, and so on.
Similarly, enter the details of other continents and the countries.
Editing a Table
Editing a table means making some modifications to the table structure or changing the data in it. If you want to update some information, you can edit the table by following the steps given below:
1. For example, if you want to change the currency of Antarctica to the American Dollar, you can locate the cell under the Currency column in the corresponding row.
2. Locate the cell, then click on it to edit the currency as necessary.
Currently, the currency cell for Antarctica is labelled as ‘Not Applicable’. You can change it to ‘American Dollar’.
Did You Know?
Just like you can add comments on the text in Google Docs, you can also add comments on the cells in a table.
Do It Yourself 3A
1 Plan your birthday party games! Create a table with two columns (Game Name and Players Needed) and list three games you want to play with the number of players for each game.
2 Answer the following questions.
a Write the shortcut key to move to the next cell in a table.
b Write the shortcut key to move to the previous cell in a table.
Formatting a Table
When you write something on a computer or on paper, you can change the way it looks to make it easier or more interesting to read.
Formatting means to change the overall appearance of a table.
Changing Row Height
To make your table look even better, you can change the height of the rows to make things easier to read and more organised.
A row is a horizontal line of data in a table.
Row height is the vertical distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table.
To change the height of rows, follow the steps given below:
1. Right-click in the row that you want to make taller or shorter. A context menu will appear.
2. Select the Table properties option.
3. In the Table properties pane, click on the Row category.
4. Select the Minimum row height check box.
5. Adjust the row height value to change the row’s height. The row height will be changed as shown in the image.
You can also open the Table properties pane by selecting the Format → Table → Table properties option from the menu bar.
You can sort data in Google Docs tables by selecting a column and using the ascending (A to Z) or descending (Z to A) sorting options in the toolbar. Did You Know?
Changing Column Width
A column is a vertical arrangement of cells or boxes that run from top to bottom.
Column width is the horizontal distance between the left and right borders of a column in a table.
The column width can be changed using the following steps:
1. Right-click on the column that you want to make wider or narrower.
2. Select the Table properties option from the context menu that appears.
3. In the Table properties pane, click on the Column category.
4. Adjust the column width value to make the column wider or narrower.
Splitting Cells
Splitting cells in a table can help you separate and categorise information in a clear and structured way.
For example, you can split up the Currency column into two cells, one cell to contain the name of the currency and the other cell to contain the abbreviation used for it.
Steps to split cells are as follows:
1. Right-click on the cell that you want to split into smaller parts.
2. A context menu will appear.
3. Select the Split cell option.
4. The Split cell dialog box will appear, asking you to specify how many rows and columns you want to divide the cell into. Enter the number of rows and columns based on how you want to organise your information.
5. Click on the Split button to confirm your choices and split the selected cell. The cell will be divided into smaller cells based on your specifications.
6. Type the desired information in the split cells.
Merging Cells
Merging cells in a table can help you combine information and create headings, improving the clarity and organisation of the table.
Merging cells is combining two or more cells in a table to create a single, larger cell.
Steps to merge the cells are as follows:
1. To merge cells, first select the cells you want to combine. You can do this by clicking and dragging over the cells.
2. Once the cells are selected, right-click on them.
3. In the menu that pops up, click on the Merge cells option.
4. The selected cells will become one big cell. When two cells are merged, the text written in both cells is also merged. You can change the text according to your requirement. 3
Adding Rows and Columns to a Table
After creating a table, you can add more rows and columns to it by following the steps:
1. Right-click in the cell where you want to add a row/column. The context menu that appears allows you to add a column to the left or right of the selected cell. Similarly, it also has options to add a row above or below the selected cell.
2. Select the Insert row below option.
A row will be inserted. Similarly, you can add a column by selecting the Insert column left/Insert column right option.
Deleting Rows and Columns from a Table
Sometimes, you may need to delete a row/column from a table. You can delete a row/ column from a table by following the given steps:
1. Select the row/column you want to delete and right-click on it.
2. Select the Delete row option.
Similarly, you can delete a column by selecting the Delete column option.
Applying Borders and Shading
Applying borders and shading to a table in Google Docs can enhance its visual appeal and make it stand out.
Borders: It is a dark outline around any text or picture that makes it look a little standout.
Shading: It means to set the background colour of a cell.
Follow the steps below to apply border and shading to a table:
1. Right-click on any cell of your table.
2. Select the Table properties option.
3. The Table properties pane will appear. Click on the Color category. You will see a Table border option.
4. Here, you can select the colour and thickness for the table border.
5. You can also set a background colour of cell by using the Cell background color option.
6. Click on a desired colour from the palette. Apply the same colour to the other cells also. You can see that the colour of the table heading background has now changed.
Let us learn how you can change the type of a border:
1. Select the border that you want to change by clicking on it.
2. Click on the Border dash from the Toolbar. A list of different types of borders will appear.
3. Select the type of border which you want to apply.
The selected border will be changed. Similarly, you can change the border of whole table.
Do It Yourself 3B
1 What is the difference between merging cells and splitting cells in a table?
Merging Cells
Splitting Cells
2 What are borders in a table? How are they useful?
Points to Remember
1 A table in Google Docs is a grid made up of rows and columns.
2 You can enter data in a table by clicking on a cell and typing the information.
3 Editing a table involves clicking on cells to make changes, such as modifying text or data.
4 You can change the appearance of a table by adjusting row heights, column widths, and adding borders.
5 Splitting cells allows you to divide a cell into smaller parts for better organisation.
6 Merging cells combines multiple selected cells into one large cell.
7 Border and shading can be applied to tables to enhance their visual appeal.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the blanks.
Hints rows columns grid vertical adjacent
1 A table in Google Docs is like a made up of rows and columns.
2 To create a table, select Insert → Table option and select the number of and you need.
3 Row height is the distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table.
4 Merging cells combines cells into one large cell.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 How do you start creating a table in Google Docs?
a Open a new email.
b Click on the Insert menu.
c Open Google Docs and click on the plus sign (+) or Blank.
d Open a new browser tab.
2 What does splitting cells mean in the context of a table?
a Combining two or more cells into one larger cell.
b Changing the font size of the text inside the cells.
c Dividing a cell into smaller parts.
d Adding a background colour to cells.
3 What is the purpose of adding borders to the cells of a table?
a To make the table look bigger.
b To make the text bold.
c To make the table visually appealing and stand out.
d To change the font style.
4 How can you change the row height in a table to make it easier to read?
a By clicking on the table border.
b By changing the background colour.
c By adjusting the row height value in the Table properties pane.
d None of these
C. Who am I?
1 I am the menu in Google Docs that is used to change the table properties.
2 I am a vertical arrangement of cells or boxes that run from top to bottom.
3 I am the horizontal distance between the left and right borders of a column in a table.
4 I am like a dark outline around any text or picture that makes it look a little standout.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 The intersection of a row and a column is called a table.
2 Moving from one cell to another can be done using the Ctrl key on your keyboard.
3 Merging cells combines multiple selected cells into one large cell.
4 You can’t change the appearance of a table by adding borders or shading.
E. Answer the following questions.
1 What is a cell in a table?
2 What is the difference between rows and columns?
3 Write the two methods to open the Table properties pane.
4 Which option is used to change the type of border of a table?
F. Apply your learning.
1 You receive an allowance of ₹1000. Create a table with two columns, one for how much money you will spend and one for how much you will save, and explain your choices.
2 You have Maths, Science and History homework. Create the table with three columns, one for each subject, and mark which one you will start with and why.
3 Create a table with two columns, one for destination ideas for a trip you want to go on with your family, and one for the activities you’d like to do on the trip.
4 Imagine you have three breakfast options: cereal, toast, and fruit. Create a table with two columns, one for the breakfast item and the other for nutrient in each food item.
5 Leena has a table listing various tasks for a project. She realises that some cells contain related subtasks that need to be grouped together. Which feature of Google Docs should she use to create a cleaner layout?
AI Activity
Team Planner with People Smart Chips
Objective: Smart Chips are a feature in Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides that let you add interactive information directly into your document. Instead of plain text, Smart Chips appear as small cards that can link to people, files, events, or other useful details. In this activity, we will use Smart Chips to tag people and assign them tasks.
Follow the given steps:
1 Open Google Docs and create a new blank document.
2 Go to the Insert menu and using the Table option, insert a 4 x 7 table (4 columns and 7 rows).
3 Enter the following data in your table:
Task Assigned to Status
Make poster
Collect pictures
Write script
Practice speaking
Create quiz
Arrange props
4 Click the first cell under the Assigned To column.
5 Type @. A small menu appears. Start typing a classmate’s name.
6 Click the correct person’s name from the list to insert a People chip.
Task Assigned to Status
Make poster @ Ruchi
Collect pictures
Write script
Practice speaking
Create quiz
Arrange props
7 If you do not see the person’s name, then type their email address after @ or use Insert > Smart chips > People and then search.
8 You can also assign multiple people to one task: after inserting the first chip, press Enter to go to a new line within the same cell and insert another @person chip.
9 Complete the table by assigning the remaining tasks to your friends and set the status of the tasks.
10 Similarly, you can use the following Smart Chips in your table:
• Date Smart Chip for due dates
• File/Link Smart Chip for files and links to the files
• Calendar event/Task chip for meetings or to-dos
Introduction to Presentations
When you share an idea or a thought with an audience, a visual representation—with pictures, words, videos, and sound—makes this task much easier. This helps to get the message across to the audience. It also helps the audience to visualise the idea and makes them interested in what you’re saying.
A presentation is a way to share information, ideas, or stories using a combination of pictures, text, and sometimes even audio or video.
How do you think presentations could help your teacher during a class?
We can create presentations on different applications like PowerPoint, Canva, Google Slides, etc. In this chapter, we will learn to create beautiful presentations on Google Slides. Google Slides is one of Google’s apps that is used to create presentations online.
Creating a Presentation Using Google Slides
Let us learn how to create a new presentation on Google Slides:
1. Open the Google Chrome browser and go to the link: https://docs.google.com/presentation/
2. Click on the plus + sign to open a blank presentation.
Now, let us learn about the different parts of the presentation window.
Parts of a Google Slides Window
Components
Purpose
1. Presentation Title It shows the name of a presentation.
2. Menu Bar It contains various menus like File, Edit, View, etc. Each menu offers different options.
3. Toolbar It contains tools for quick and easy access.
4. Slide Workspace It is the area where you add items such as text, images, and videos for a slide.
5. Slide Navigation Pane It is the space where you can see thumbnails or miniature images of all the slides of your presentation.
6. Speaker Notes It is the area where you can add notes for the speaker to remember important points during the presentation.
7. Slideshow Button It starts your presentation in full-screen.
Did You Know?
Ancient Egyptians used papyrus scrolls to record information in the same way we use digital documents and presentations nowadays.
Now, let us learn how to choose themes that suit our presentation. Let us also learn to use various layouts to organise our slides.
Applying Themes
Themes are special designs for your slides. They make the presentation look colourful and interesting.
When you start making a presentation in Google Slides, you can choose different themes.
Imagine you’re creating a presentation about A Journey Through India’s Diverse States. To apply themes to this presentation, open Google Slides and follow the given steps:
1. Click on the Rename box in the newly created presentation.
2. Enter the title A Journey Through India’s Diverse States in the Rename box.
3. Click on the Slide menu in menu bar.
4. Select the Change theme option. The Themes pane will open on the right-hand side. It will contain different themes that are available.
5. Check out different themes for your slide and click on a theme of your choice. The selected theme will be applied to all the slides.
Modifying Themes
Sometimes, we might like a theme but we still want to make certain changes in it. To do that, we can use different colours, fonts, effects, and background styles.
Modifying themes in a presentation is important because it allows you to make the presentation look exactly the way you want it to.
Selecting New Colours for the Background
To add new colours to the background of your slides:
1. Select the slide in the Slide Navigation Pane.
2. Click on the Slide menu in the menu bar.
3. Select the Change background option from the drop-down menu.
4. The Background pane appears. Select the colour of your choice from the Color drop-down list.
5. Click on the Done button.
You can set an image as a background of the slides of your presentations. Did You Know?
Applying Layouts
Layouts determine how your content, such as titles, text, and images, is organised on the slide. You can choose a different layout for each selected slide. Let us learn how to add different layouts to different slides:
1. Select the slide in the Slide Navigation pane.
2. Click on the Slide menu from the menu bar.
3. Select the Apply layout option.
4. You will see different layout options. Choose the one you like the most.
Your slide will change to the new layout.
Similarly, you can use a Title and Body layout to talk about the states of India from east, west, north, and south.
Do It Yourself 4A
1 Choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks.
a The shows the name of a presentation.
i Presentation Title
iii Speaker Notes
ii Toolbar
iv Slide Workspace
b An area where you add items such as text, images, and videos for a slide is called the
i Menu bar
iii Speaker Notes
ii Toolbar
iv Slide Workspace
c The holds tools for quick and easy access.
i Presentation Title
iii Slides panel
2 Match the Following.
Column A
Theme
ii Toolbar
iv Themes section
Column B
It is used to change the background of the slides.
Layout It is a special design for your slide.
Slide → Change background It is an online presentation-making app.
Google Slides It determines how your content is organised on the slide.
Inserting Tables
Tables are used to organise information neatly and in an easy-to-understand manner. They help you put information clearly in rows and columns.
Let us say we want to show the population of each state. We can use a table in Google Slides.
To insert a table:
1. Click on the Insert menu in the menu bar.
2. Select the Table option from the drop-down list.
3. Pick the number of rows and columns required from the grid that appears. The table will appear on the slide.
4. Type in the states in one column and their population (in millions) in the next column. You can adjust the size of the table and add colours using the Fill color tool to make it look beautiful.
The Fill color tool is used to fill a table’s cell, row, column, or the entire table with colour. This tool appears on the Toolbar when you click on the table cell.
Inserting Charts
Charts are graphics or visual representations that are used to display and compare data easily. Charts make your information more interesting and easier to understand. There are different kinds of charts in Google Slides, such as:
• Bar chart: A bar chart shows data using bars of different lengths arranged horizontally.
• Column chart: A column chart shows data using bars of different heights arranged vertically, like columns.
• Line chart: A line chart represents data using a series of points which are connected by a line.
• Pie chart: A pie chart represents data using ‘slices’ of a whole circle. The size of each ‘slice’ shows how much value that specific ‘slice’ holds.
Suppose that in our presentation, we want to show the area of the states. We can use a column chart to represent this data.
To insert a chart:
1. Click on the Insert menu from the menu bar.
2. Select the Chart option.
3. Select the type of chart. Let us select Column chart.
4. The Column chart will be inserted on the slide. Now, click on the three dots in the right-hand corner and select Open source.
A new Google Sheet will open containing a table. This is where we will add the data, that is, the area of the states.
Google Sheets is another app by Google which is used to record and work with numbers, words, formulas, etc. You will learn more about it in the next chapters.
For now, we will write the area of each state in this table. This data will be reflected directly on the chart.
Now, let us enter the data.
a. Enter the name of the states in the first column. Enter the area in square kilometres in the second column. Remember to rename the columns to State and Area (sq km).
b. Delete the third column as we don’t need it. Click the column letter to select it, right-click, and choose Delete column to remove it.
5. After you enter your data, return to your slide and click on Update button.
Your column chart will appear on the slide. Each state will have its own colourful columns.
The taller the column, the more the area of the state. Looking at the chart shown above, we can easily say that Rajasthan has the highest area among the states shown here and Manipur has the smallest area. This way, we can easily compare the area of different states.
Inserting Diagrams
Diagrams are colourful pictures that help you show how things are connected, explain processes, or display information in a clear and organised way.
In our project about ‘A Journey Through India’s Diverse States’, we can use diagrams to show the folk dances of some states. Let us follow the steps given below:
1. Click on the Insert menu in the menu bar.
2. Select the Diagram option. We will see various types of diagrams you can use, like Grid, Hierarchy, and more.
3. Since we are showing the folk dances of different states, a Cycle might be a good choice. Select the Cycle option.
4. The Cycle pane appears on the right-hand side. Customise your diagram by adding more shapes and labels. Most builtin cycle diagrams offer up to 4–6 steps depending on the style — check the diagram pane and add steps as allowed. You can also select suitable colours and styles of diagram based on your project’s requirements.
5. You can also customise the diagram by using the Fill color tool to colour the different components of the diagram.
The style and colour that you select will apply to the diagram.
Working with Master Slide
The Master Slide is the main slide. It allows you to change the appearance of your entire presentation all at once.
Suppose, we want the image of our national flag on all of our slides. What would we do? We could add the image in each of the slides, resize and place it how we want it to be.
But if you have fifteen slides, would it not be easier if we could make the changes in one slide and it could reflect on all the slides? Here, the master slide comes into play.
In Google Slides, we have the Edit theme option in the Slide menu, which helps us reflect one change in all the slides. When you use a theme, it changes the colours, fonts, and background designs of all your slides. Let us understand how we can do this by following the steps given below:
1. Click on the Slide menu in the menu bar.
2. Select the Edit theme option from the drop-down list.
3. A pane will appear with lots of colourful slides as options.
4. Copy the image you want to add and paste it here on the slide.
5. Resize the image according to your choice and place it anywhere where you want it to appear.
6. You will notice that the image has been added to all the slides.
Similarly, you can add titles, change the font, add more images, visuals, etc., to the main slide and it will reflect on all the slides of your presentation.
Points to Remember
1 A presentation is a way to share information, ideas, or stories using a combination of visuals, text, and sometimes even audio.
2 Google Slides is one of Google’s apps that is used to create presentations online.
3 Themes are special designs for your slides. They make your presentation look colourful and interesting.
4 Layouts determine how your content is organised on the slide, such as titles, text, and images.
5 Tables are used to organise information neatly and in an easy-to-understand manner.
6 Charts are visual representations or graphics that are used to display and compare data easily.
7 Diagrams are colourful pictures that help you show how things are connected, explain processes, or display information in a clear and organised way.
8 The master slide allows you to change your entire presentation’s look all at once.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the blanks.
Hints
columns themes menu master Apply layout
1 bar holds various menus like File, Edit, View, etc.
2 are like special designs for your slides.
3 To apply a layout on a slide, select Slide > option.
4 Tables consist of rows and .
5 The slide allows you to change the appearance of your entire presentation all at once.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 Which component of Google Slides allows you to add notes for the speaker during a presentation?
a Slide Workspace
b Slides Panel
c Speaker Notes d Toolbar
2 What is the purpose of a theme in Google Slides?
a To change the design of the presentation.
b To change the font style.
c To change the layout of the presentation. d To insert charts and tables.
3 Which menu will you use to change the background colour of a theme in Google Slides?
a Insert menu b Slide menu
c View menu d File menu
4 What are tables used for in Google Slides?
a Creating diagrams.
c Applying theme.
b Displaying information neatly in rows and columns.
d Changing slide backgrounds.
5 Which chart is used to represent data using horizontal bars of different lengths?
a Bar chart
c Line chart
C. Who am I?
b Column chart
d Pie chart
1 I am a component in Google Slides window that turns the slides into the presenter view to showcase the slides in full-screen mode.
2 I am a pane in Google Slides that contains different themes for your presentation.
3 I am a menu that allows you to add a table into your presentation.
4 I am a set of colourful pictures that helps you show how things are connected and explain processes.
5 I am a type of chart in Google Slides that represents data with a series of data points connected by a line.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Google Slides is a tool for creating and sharing presentations.
2 Themes in Google Slides only change the background colours of your slides.
3 A column chart is a circular graph which uses slices to represent the relative size of data.
4 Changing slide order in Google Slides means deleting some slides.
5 Diagrams in Google Slides are used mainly for creating mathematical charts.
E. Answer the following questions.
1 Write the names of any three presentation applications.
2 What is Slide Navigation
3 What is the difference between themes and layouts?
4 In which menu is the Edit theme option present?
5 What is a pie chart?
F. Apply your learning.
1 Imagine Shaina is making a presentation on her favourite books and their authors. What features would she use to make it look good?
2 Himank is preparing a presentation on different animals found in a zoo. He wants to organise information about the animals’ names, habitats, and diets in rows and columns. Which feature should he use?
3 Vamika wants to showcase pictures of various sports for her school’s annual sports day in full-screen mode. Name the component of the Google Slides window that can help her achieve this.
4 Suppose Komal is giving a presentation on the solar system. Which option should she use to ensure that a specific image, such as a planet, appears consistently on all the slides?
5 Saharsh has created a presentation on famous monuments around the world. He realises that he wants to change the order in which the slides were arranged. Which feature of Google Slides will help him achieve this?
AI Activity
Designing Your Own Presentations
Activity: Creating Presentations using AI
Objective: Presentations.AI is an AI-powered presentation maker that helps you create beautiful slideshows quickly. You just tell the computer what you want to talk about, and it creates slides for you automatically. Let us use presentations.ai for creating a presentation on the topic: Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy Resources
Follow the given steps:
1 Open any web browser and type in the address www.presentations.ai in the address bar.
2 The home page of the portal opens.
3 Click on the Try for Free button. You will be asked to either create a new account or sign-in using an existing account. Choose any method to log in to the portal.
4 To create the flow of the presentation, choose your role as a student.
5 Select the Start from scratch option from the next screen.
6 Type the topic of your presentation and select the number of required slides that you want to include in your presentation. By default, 10 slides are selected. You can change the number of slides by clicking on the drop-down and selecting the required number of slides.
7 By default, English language is selected. You can modify it according to your need.
8 After entering the required details, click on Start creating.
9 Select the type of audience to which you intend to show this presentation and click on Continue.
10 In a few minutes, the presentation will be ready.
11 You can navigate through the various slides and check the content of each slide.
12 If you want, you can generate an alternate design for this presentation by clicking on the Remix button.
13 You can now start the slide show by clicking on the Play button present on the right-hand top corner of the screen.
Applying Animations
In our previous chapter, we explored how to create effective presentations. However, the presentation did not have anything that moved and was animated in any way. So, is there a way that you can make those additions to your slides? Of course you can! You can do it by using animation. Let us understand what animation is.
Animation is a process through which you can bring still objects, such as text, shapes, images, charts, logos, etc., ‘to life’ by making them move.
Animation is a great tool with which you can make your presentation lively and engaging. You can add one animation effect to multiple objects or add more than one animation effect to a single object. Animations help you control how information appears and show steps or changes clearly. They connect with your audience in a better way. But applying too many animations distracts the audience from the actual content.
So let us learn how to add animation to your slides. We will use the project you created in the last chapter.
Did You Know?
The word “Animation” comes from the Latin word “Anima”, which means “soul”. So, the process of animation refers to making characters come to life.
Adding Animation
Let us learn how to add animation to our presentation. Open the presentation on ‘A Journey Through India’s Diverse States’ in Google Slides. Follow the steps given below to add animation to different objects on a slide:
1. Select an object on a slide that you want to animate.
2. Click on the Insert menu in the menu bar.
3. Select the Animation option from the drop-down list. The Motion pane opens on the right-hand side.
4. In the Motion pane, go to the Object Animations section.
Here, the first option is Animation type. Click on this option and select an animation from the drop-down list.
5. The next option is the Start condition. Select one of the following options from the dropdown list:
On click: Animation starts when you click your mouse.
After previous: Animation starts once the previous animation ends. With previous: Animation starts with the previous animation.
6. If the object is a placeholder or text box, the By paragraph check box will be displayed. If this check box is checked, each paragraph of text in the box will be displayed one by one. Otherwise, the entire box will be displayed at once.
7. If you want to add more animations, you can select an object and click on the Add animation option.
8. Click on the Play button to check how that animation effect works on the selected object.
Applying Transition
Transition is a way to move smoothly from one slide to the next.
A slide transition provides a visual effect that takes place when one slide changes to another during a presentation. You can control its speed, add sound, and personalise the appearance of these transition effects.
To add a transition effect to your presentation, you need to follow the steps given below:
1. Select the slide to which you want to apply the transition effect.
2. Click on the Slide menu from the menu bar.
3. Select the Transition option from the drop-down list.
Alternatively, you can right-click on the selected slide from the Slide Navigation pane and click on the Transition option.
4. The Motion pane will appear on the righthand side. In the Motion pane, go to the Slide Transition section.
Select the Transition type from the dropdown list.
5. Set the transition’s Duration by dragging the slider. This slider will only appear once you have selected the Transition type
6. Click on the Apply to all slides button to apply this transition effect to all the slides.
If you do not click this button, the transition will be applied to the current slide only.
7. Click on the Play button to view the transition effect.
Adding Audio
Let’s add music to your presentation. To insert any audio file in your presentation, you need to first upload an audio file to Google Drive.
Let us learn how to upload an audio file to Google Drive from your computer:
1. Open drive.google.com.
2. Click on the New button.
3. Select the File upload option from the drop-down list.
4. The Open dialog box will appear. Select the audio file you want to upload.
5. Click on the Open button.
6. Wait for the file to upload. Once the file is uploaded, proceed with the next step.
Once you have uploaded the audio file, you can add the audio file to the presentation. To add an audio file in the presentation:
1. Go to your presentation again.
2. Click on the Insert menu.
3. Select the Audio option from the drop-down menu.
4. The Insert audio window will open. Select the audio file that you want to add.
5. Click on the Insert button.
Are different types of background sounds important in presentations?
6. The speaker icon on the slide indicates that the audio file is attached to your presentation. You can play it by using the Play button.
Adding Video
You can add videos to your presentations in two different ways:
Did You Know?
You can format the audio files after inserting in the slide. Click the audio icon → Format options → Audio playback. Choose Start: On click / Automatically; toggle Loop; set Volume; choose Stop on slide change.
A. From YouTube: You can add videos from YouTube. Let us learn how to add videos using YouTube:
1. Click on the Insert menu.
2. Select the Video option from the drop-down list.
3. The Insert video window will open. Here, click on the YouTube tab.
4. To search for a video, enter the video name in the search bar and press the Enter key.
5. A list of videos will appear. Select a video and click on the Insert button that appears when you click on the video.
6. You can see the inserted video on the slide. Click on the Play button.
B. From Google Drive: Like the audio file, you need to first upload the video to Google Drive. After uploading the video, you can add it to your presentation by following the steps given below:
1. Click on the Insert menu.
2. Select the Video option.
3. The Insert video window will open. Here, click on the Google Drive tab.
4. Click on the video to be added to the presentation.
5. Click on the Insert button.
The video is added to the presentation.
Note: Videos from Drive must have sharing permission set to allow viewing. YouTube videos require an internet connection.
and Tell
How do you think inserting a video in your presentation can give the audience a better understanding of the topic?
Do It Yourself 5B
1 Match the following.
Terms
YouTube tab
.mp4
Play button
.mp3
Meaning
Allows to play audio/video on the slide
Audio format
Video format
Used to add videos from YouTube
2 Rearrange the steps of adding a YouTube video to a slide.
Select the Video option from the drop-down list.
Search for the video you want to add.
Select a video and click on the Insert button.
Click on the Insert menu.
In the Insert video window, select the YouTube tab.
Points to Remember Chapter
1 With the animations, you can make objects like text, images, and shapes move on your slides.
2 A single object can have multiple animation effects applied to it. But too many animations can cause distraction.
3 Transitions are visual effects that can be applied to slides when one slide changes to another.
4 The speed of transitions can be changed, and the same transition effect can be applied to all the slides or any individual slide.
5 The most commonly used audio format is .mp3, while the most popular video format is .mp4.
6 Audios can be added as background music, voice narration, or sound effects in your presentation.
7 Any video from Google Drive or YouTube can be inserted into the presentation.
Checkup
A. Fill in the blanks.
Hints on click animation audios slide transition videos objects
1 In a presentation, animations can be applied on .
2 To add an animation effect to a presentation, go to the Insert menu and choose option.
3 A provides a visual effect that takes place when one slide changes to another during a presentation.
4 With option, animation starts when you click your mouse.
5 and make the presentation more engaging and informative.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 Which menu contains the options to smoothly move from one slide to the next? a File b Slide c Insert d View
2 What does this button signify?
a A picture is inserted into the presentation b Sound is attached to the presentation
c Text is inserted into the presentation d Shape is inserted into the presentation
3 Which option would you choose if you want to make an object move on a slide?
a Click on Insert → Animation b Click on Insert → Image
c Click on Insert → Audio d Click on Slide → Transition
4 How do you insert an audio file into your slide?
a Click on Insert → Audio b Click on Insert → Video
c Click on Insert → Picture
5 Press this button to ...
a Upload an audio file to Google Drive
c Add a video to a presentation
C. Who am I?
d Click on Insert → Table
b Add an audio to a presentation
d Add animation in a presentation
1 I am a feature that makes objects move on slides and makes the presentation more engaging.
2 I am a visual effect that makes your slides change smoothly during a presentation.
3 I am the option that adds sound to your presentations. It can be background music, voice narration, or even special sound effects.
4 I am an option in the Motion pane that helps you change the speed of a transition effect.
5 I am a button that helps you reuse the same transition for all the slides.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Animations can only be added to text in a presentation.
2 In a presentation, videos can only be added from YouTube.
3 Sound cannot be added to a presentation.
4 Sounds, videos, animations, and transitions make a presentation more engaging.
5 Animations and transitions are the same thing, and you can use them interchangeably.
E. Answer the following questions.
1 What is the purpose of animations in a presentation?
2 Can you add animations to both text and objects in a presentation?
3 Define slide transition. Name the button used to view the transition effect.
4 Write down the two ways in which you can add a video to your presentation.
5 What is the purpose of adding a video to a presentation?
F. Apply your learning.
1 Siya has made a presentation. She wants to show some movement of objects in her presentation. What should she use to add movement?
2 Rita has to present her project, for which she has prepared multiple slides. She wants smooth movement from one slide to another during her presentation. Which feature should she use?
3 Raju has used a transition effect in his presentation. But when he started the presentation, the slides were moving very slowly. Which option should he use to increase the speed of the slides?
4 Suman watched a video on YouTube that suits her presentation for the science fair perfectly. Can she add this video to her presentation?
5 Preeti has created a presentation that she wants to make more engaging. She has added transition effects to one slide. What can she do to apply transition effects to all the slides?
AI Activity
Animating Your Presentations
Activity: Customising Presentations using AI
Objective: Presentations.AI is an AI-powered presentation maker that helps you create beautiful slideshows quickly. Let us use presentations.ai for customisinb the presentation on the topic: Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy Resources
Follow the given steps:
1 Open any web browser and type in the address www.presentations.ai in the address bar.
2 The home page of the portal opens.
3 Click on Log in and sign in using your existing account or create a new one if you do not have any.
4 The home page of the portal opens.
5 After log in, your personalised page opens which shows all the presentation created till date.
6 If you want to create a new presentation, then click on Start creating. Otherwise, select the presentation that you have already created.
7 The existing presentation opens.
8 Now to edit this presentation and customise it according to your own ideas, click on any element, like a text box, a graphic, or an icon and start editing.
9 The Toolbar is given at the bottom of the slides.
10 Select the Remix option to generate an alternate design for your presentation.
11 By clicking on the Colors button, you can customise the colour palette for the selected slide.
12 Click on the Cover page option and select the type of the slide in your presentation, for example, Presenter, Report, Speaker, Audience, and Title. This option is available for the first slide of your presentation.
13 The Toggle element button lets you hide or show an element on your slide.
14 Now, click on any other slide in your presentation.
15 You can see another button Layouts added to the Toolbar.
16 By selecting the Layouts button, you can select a layout template for your slide’s content.
17 Apart from the Toolbar, you can use the right-hand panel also for editing or formatting your presentation.
18 The main options present on the right-hand panel are: Design, Theme, Settings, Analytics, and Hire. A brief description of these options is as follows:
• Design: To apply some different style to the presentation
• Theme: To customise the font, colours, and styles for the entire presentation
• Settings: To configure slide animation, intro slide logo and footer settings
• Analytics: To track the analytics for the presentation
• Hire: To engage an expert design team to create a custom presentation
19 Choose any of these options to customise your presentation.
Introduction to Google Sheets
Imagine you have planted sunflower seeds and want to monitor their growth over time, noting their height and any other observations.
To record the various stages of the growth of the plant, you need to keep your list organised and managed on your computer. For this, you can use a spreadsheet.
A spreadsheet is a table on the computer that helps you organise numbers and information. The most popular spreadsheets are Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets. Microsoft Excel is a software that you need to pay for, but Google Sheets is a free online spreadsheet tool.
Uses of Spreadsheets
Here are some uses of spreadsheets:
• Organise data by making tables, to-do lists, plan tasks, etc.
• Automate mathematical calculations for most data.
• Visualise data, using vibrant charts.
• Manage students’ attendance and grades.
• Manage money, like tracking expenses and planning budgets.
• Analyse and present research data.
• Record data, sales analysis, and financial calculations.
Advantages of Using Google Sheets
Here are some advantages of using Google Sheets:
• Google Sheets allows multiple people to work on the same spreadsheet at the same time.
• Google Sheets can be accessed from any computer having an internet connection, worldwide You can also enable offline access in Google Drive/Sheets if you need to work without internet.
• Google Sheets offers Smart Fill and Autocomplete features, which means it can help you complete words in your spreadsheet.
• Google Sheets automatically saves your work.
Creating a Google Sheet
Let us create a Google Sheet for your Plant Growth Tracker. Follow the steps:
1. Open the Google Chrome browser (or any other web browser) and go to the website: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets
2. Click the plus (+) sign to open a blank spreadsheet.
3. Change the name of the spreadsheet at the top-left by typing your project name where it says Untitled spreadsheet.
Your first Google Sheet is ready.
What are some other things you can do with Google Sheets?
Do It Yourself 6A
Tick () the correct option.
1 Which of the following is the use of a spreadsheet?
a Making drawings
c Playing video games
2 What is the primary purpose of Google Sheets?
a To play online games
c To send emails
b Managing attendance
d Watching movies
b To organise data in tables
d To edit photos
3 Which of the following is a free online spreadsheet tool?
a Google Drive
c Microsoft Excel
b Google Sheets
d Google Slides
Components of Google Sheets
1. Spreadsheet title: This is where you write the name of a file. You can choose any name related to the project for your spreadsheet.
2. Row: The horizontal group of cells in a spreadsheet is called a row. The rows are numbered 1, 2, 3, and so on. They run across the spreadsheet from left to right.
The rows are numbered consecutively, starting with 1. By default, there are 1,000 rows in Google Sheets.
3. Column: A column is a vertical group of cells denoted by letters. These letters range from A to Z, followed by AA, AB, through to AZ, and so on. It is important to note that each spreadsheet allows a maximum of 18,278 columns within a single sheet.
4. Cell: A cell in a spreadsheet is a small box where you type text, numbers, or formulas. Cells are located at the intersections of rows and columns.
Each cell on a sheet has a unique address. In a spreadsheet, the cell address format is the column letter followed by the row number, such as A1, B2, or C3.
5. Name box: When you click a cell, the respective cell address shows up in the Name box.
6. Active cell: When you click a cell in a spreadsheet, it becomes the active cell. Any data you type there can be entered in that cell.
7. Menu bar: A menu bar provides a range of tools to help you create, edit, format, and effectively manage your spreadsheet.
8. Toolbar: The toolbar is located below the menu bar. You can perform multiple actions in your spreadsheet, like editing text, zooming, printing, and more.
9. Formula bar: The formula bar is located just below Toolbar where you can enter and edit formulae or cell contents in an active cell.
10. Sheet tabs: At the bottom of the window, you can see tabs that represent various sheets within the same spreadsheet. You can create multiple sheets in one Google Sheets.
Think and Tell
Observe the following text: “ZZ10”. Can this be a cell address on Google Sheets?
11. Share Button: This option helps you to share your spreadsheet with your friends and work together with them.
You can also chat with your friends and leave messages in the Google Sheets. Scan this QR code to know how this can be done.
Did You Know?
A cell in Google Sheets can hold up to 50,000 characters.
Moving Around in a Spreadsheet
A cell pointer is an active cell in a spreadsheet. You can move the cell pointer from one cell to another using a mouse or various key combinations.
• Using a mouse Click the cell directly.
• Using a keyboard
You can use various key combinations to move around the sheet, as follows:
Keys Function(s)
Arrow Keys
(↑, ↓, ←, →)
Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move the active cell up, down, left, or right.
Ctrl + Up Arrow Moves the cell pointer to the first cell in a column.
Ctrl + Down Arrow Moves the cell pointer to the last cell in a column.
Ctrl + Left Arrow Moves the cell pointer to the first cell in a row.
Ctrl + Right Arrow Moves the cell pointer to the last cell in a row.
Tab Moves the cell pointer to the next cell in the same row.
Shift + Tab Moves the cell pointer to the previous cell in the same row.
Ctrl + Home Moves the cell pointer to the first cell of a spreadsheet, i.e., A1.
Ctrl + End Moves the cell pointer to the last cell of the current spreadsheet.
Entering Data
Now that you have learnt to move in the sheet, let us learn how to enter data in the Google Sheets.
1. Select the cell in which you want to enter data. The cell becomes an active cell.
2. Type the data in the active cell.
3. Press the Enter key to go to the next row; or to move to the next cell, either press the Tab key or use the Arrow keys on your keyboard.
4. You can add any type of information in a cell: letters, numbers, or even images. Add the data in the spreadsheet to complete it.
Saving and Closing a Sheet
After entering the data, it is time to save the data. Google Sheets makes it easy, as it has an auto save feature that keeps your data safe.
Auto save means that you do not need to save the sheet repeatedly; it will be saved automatically. You can see that Google Sheets is saving your work by looking at the “Saving…” icon on the top right corner of your screen.
After Google Sheets has saved your work, it shows an icon shaped like a cloud with a tick mark (✔) inside it.
When your work is saved, you can close your spreadsheet. To close a spreadsheet, click the X button on the web browser tab, which is the Close button.
What can happen if you close the sheet without saving it?
Opening a Sheet
Suppose you want to see your sheet again or you want to add more data to your sheet. Here is how you can open your spreadsheet:
1. Open the Google Chrome web browser and then go to the Google Sheets website. Your recent spreadsheets appear.
2. Look for the spreadsheet you want to open, or you can find it by typing its name in the Search bar at the top centre.
3. Select the sheet and it will open.
1 Match the Following.
Component
2 What key do you use to go to the next row when entering data?
Points to Remember
1 A spreadsheet is a digital table that helps you organise and work with numbers, data, and information in a neat and structured way.
2 Google Sheets is a popular web-based spreadsheet application.
3 Google Sheets autosaves your work and it also allows you to work offline.
4 The horizontal group of cells in the spreadsheet is called rows. Rows are numbered 1, 2, 3, and so on.
5 A column is a vertical group of cells denoted by letters. These letters range from A to Z, followed by AA, AB, through to AZ, and so on.
6 Cells are at the intersections of rows and columns.
7 The cell address format is the column letter followed by the row number, such as A1, B2, or C3.
8 The currently selected cell in a spreadsheet where you can enter or edit data is called an active cell.
9 The formula bar is where you can enter and edit formulae or cell contents in an active cell.
10 The menu bar provides a range of tools to create, edit, format, and manage the spreadsheet.
11 The toolbar is a set of tools or options in Google Sheets that allows users to perform various actions or tasks such as editing text, zooming, and printing.
12 The Share button helps you to share your spreadsheet with your friends and work together with them.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 Spreadsheets help organise information neatly in rows and .
2 The bar lets you enter and edit formulae or cell contents in an active cell.
3 The button helps you to work on your spreadsheet together with your friends.
4 The means that you do not need to save the sheet repeatedly.
5 When we click on a cell, the respective cell address shows up in the .
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 How can you change the name of a Google spreadsheet?
a By clicking the plus (+) sign b By typing your project name in the chat
c By clicking the File menu d By renaming the Untitled spreadsheet
2 Which Google Sheets component represents various sheets within the same spreadsheet?
a Active Cell
b Row Numbers
c Sheets Tab d Column Letters
3 What is the name of the horizontal group of cells in a spreadsheet?
a Rows b Columns
c Cells d Sheets
4 What happens when Google Sheets saves your work?
a It shows a smiley face icon. b It plays a sound.
c It displays a cloud icon with a check mark. d It shuts down your computer.
5 To close a spreadsheet created using Google Sheets, what do you need to click?
a The X button
c The Share button
C. Who am I?
1 I am placed at the intersection of a row and a column.
b The Plus + sign
d The Home button
2 I provide many tools to help you create, edit, format, and manage your spreadsheet.
3 I am the shortcut key that moves the cell pointer to the first cell of the spreadsheet, i.e., A1.
4 I am the key that moves the active cell to the next line.
5 I am a currently selected cell in a spreadsheet.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
1 The address format of any cell is written as a number followed by a letter.
2 You can have multiple sheets in one spreadsheet.
3 Google Sheets is a software application that you need to pay for.
4 You cannot move within a sheet, using a keyboard.
5 You can go the last cell of the sheet by pressing the Ctrl + Home key combination. E. Answer the following questions.
1 What is a spreadsheet?
2 What are the various advantages of Google Sheets?
3 Name all the components of Google Sheets.
4 Differentiate between a row and a column.
5 Name the two methods to move around in a spreadsheet.
F. Apply your learning.
1 Riya is an athlete who needs to achieve a certain height and weight to be able to compete in the next year’s racing competition. She wants to keep track of her height and weight in a tabular manner. Which online application can be helpful?
2 Kashish is creating a food menu for the school fair and has entered a few details. Identify the cell address of the active cell in the given screenshot.
3 Raima was editing using Google Sheets when suddenly the internet got disconnected. When she rechecked, all the details were still there. Which feature of Google Sheets helped her not lose any data?
4 Mishi and Richa are two friends who created a spreadsheet using Google Sheets, to organise their study schedule for the upcoming exams. Will the use of Google Sheets be helpful to them?
5 Anshi is adding her test scores to a spreadsheet. Name the keys that helped her move from one cell to another.
AI Activity
Let us Explore Spreadsheets
Activity: Smart Data Cleanup with AI
Objective: Google Sheets uses AI to spot problems like duplicate entries or extra spaces in your data and suggests ways to fix them. Let us try it out.
Follow the given steps:
1 Open Google Sheets and create a new sheet named “Shopping List”.
2 In Column A, type the following item names exactly as shown:
3 Notice that “Apples” has an extra space once, and “Rice” and “Apples” are repeated.
4 Select all the items and go to the Data menu.
5 From the drop-down list, choose Data cleanup > Trim whitespace.
6 The Trim whitespace dialog box appears and the extra space before “Apples” will be removed. Click on OK to close the dialog box.
7 Again, select all the items and go to the Data menu.
8 Choose Data cleanup > Remove duplicates.
9 The Remove duplicates dialog box appears. It shows the range of the values you selected.
10 Make the selection as required and click the Remove duplicates button.
11 The duplicate rows (or values) will be deleted.
12 Your shopping list is now clean and unique.
Interacting with Spreadsheets
In the previous chapter, you learnt about the most popular spreadsheet application, Google Sheets, which is used to process complicated mathematical calculations. It also allows you to store, organise, and analyse data. You also learnt about components like cells, entering data, and saving a sheet.
Let us continue with the project, Plant Growth Tracker that we created in the previous chapter. Now, you will learn how to select and modify cell content and delete cell data in Google Sheets.
Selecting Cells
Sometimes, you must select one cell or a group of cells to copy, move, or delete them.
Steps to select cells in a spreadsheet are as follows:
1. Open Google Sheets containing your data in a browser by using the following link: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets
Here, the same sheet is used which you created in the previous chapter.
2. Click on the Select All button, which is located at the top left-hand corner, to select the entire sheet. You can also select the current data block by pressing the Ctrl + A keys. Press Ctrl+A again to select the entire sheet.
You can select multiple cells at the same time using the Shift + any Arrow keys. Alternatively, to select multiple cells using the mouse, click on the first cell and drag your mouse over the cells to be selected. Release the mouse button.
Enter Numbers as Text
There are three types of data that are mostly used, text, numbers, and date and time. Entering numbers as text refers to a situation where you enter a number in such a way that it is considered text rather than a number. You can do so by adding an apostrophe (‘) symbol before the number.
For example, if you type ‘123 in a cell, the data is considered as text, and the spreadsheet program will treat it as a string of characters rather than a number. By default, text is leftaligned and numbers are right-aligned in a cell.
Enter Date and Time
You can enter the date and time in the selected cell. You can also set the format of the date and time, such as 20/09/2023 or 20-09-2023, according to your choice. By default, the date is right-aligned in a cell.
Follow these steps to change the format of the date:
1. Enter the date values in the third column, that is Column C.
2. Select the cell containing date.
3. Click on the Format menu.
4. Select the Number option.
5. Select the Custom date and time option.
6. The Custom date and time formats dialog box appears. Select the desired date format. Also remove the hyphens from the format using the Delete key.
7. Click on the Apply button. The date format is applied to the selected cell. Similarly, you can change the format in other cells.
Changing Cell Data
When you enter any character or number in the worksheet, it shows up in both the cell and the formula bar. Simply enter your information and press the Enter key to save it. Follow these steps to change cell data:
1. Select the cell in which you wish to make a change.
Hyphens
2. Type the new value and press Enter.
You can see that the amount has been changed.
If you have entered a wrong date, how will you change it?
What is the default alignment of the following in a cell?
a Date
b Number
c Text
When you follow these steps, what happens?
a Select the cell data.
b Replace it with another value.
Using Undo and Redo
After you entered and modified data in a cell, it may happen that you want to cancel the changes or retrieve the previous data. For this, you can use the Undo and Redo features in a spreadsheet.
Undo helps you to cancel the effect of the last action that you performed, while Redo helps when you want to reverse the action of the Undo command. It allows you to bring back the data you previously removed or changed.
Follow these steps to use the Undo and Redo features:
1. Click on the Undo icon on the Toolbar. Or use Ctrl + Z key combination.
2. Click on the Redo icon on the Toolbar. Or use Ctrl + Y key combination.
Do the Undo and Redo features apply only to spreadsheets, or do they apply to other applications as well?
Copying Cell Data
Copying cell data means making an exact duplicate of the data.
Follow these steps to copy cell data:
1. Select the cell or a range of cells whose data you want to copy.
2. Right-click on the selected cell and select the Copy option from the context menu that appears.
Alternatively, you can also use the Ctrl+C command on the keyboard to copy.
The selected cell’s data is copied and a dotted border appears on the cell that is copied.
3. Right-click on the cell where you want to paste the copied data, and select the Paste option from the context menu that appears. Or You can also use the Ctrl+V command on the keyboard to paste. You can see data is duplicated in another cell.
Moving Cell Data
Moving data in spreadsheets refers to the process of relocating data from one cell or a range of cells to another.
Follow these steps to move cell data:
1. Click on the cell or drag to select a range of cells whose data you want to move.
2. Right-click on the selected cell and select the Cut option from the context menu. You can also use the Ctrl + X key combination.
3. Right-click on the cell where you want to move the data and select the Paste option from the context menu. You can also use the Ctrl+V key combination.
You can see that the data has been moved.
Deleting Cells and Cell
Deleting cells means removing the selected cell itself from the worksheet. When you do this, the surrounding cells shift to fill the empty space.
You can also clear only the cell’s data (without deleting the cell) by pressing the Delete key on the keyboard.
In that case, the cell remains in place but becomes empty.
Follow these steps to delete a cell:
1. Select the cell you want to delete.
2. Right-click on the selected cell and select the Delete cells option from the context menu.
3. Select any option from the Delete cells menu and choose how the other cells around will move after deleting the selected cell.
4. Observe the
Do It Yourself 7B
Match the following shortcut keys.
Column A Column B Move
+ Y Undo
Think and Tell
How do you move data from one cell to another?
+ C Paste
Copy
Points to Remember
+ X
+ Z
+ V
Google Sheets allows you to perform complex mathematical calculations and efficiently organise and analyse data.
Sometimes, you need to select a group of cells for operations like copying, moving, or deleting.
Entering numbers as text refers to a situation where you enter a number in such a way that it is considered as text rather than a number.
You can set the date format according to your choice, such as 20/09/2023 or 20-09-2023.
Undo helps you go back if you make a mistake or change your mind, while Redo helps when you want to reverse the action of the Undo command.
Copying cell data means making an exact duplicate of the data.
Moving data in spreadsheets refers to the process of relocating data from one cell or a range of cells to another.
Deleting cell data means removing content from a cell, which can be text, numbers,or formulas.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the blanks.
Hints
Enter copying Ctrl + A text Undo
You can select the current data block by using the keys.
The is a type of data used in a spreadsheet.
When you want to correct your mistake, use the feature. data means making an exact duplicate of the data.
After entering data in a cell, you can press the key to move to the next row.
B. Tick () the correct option.
What is the purpose of selecting cells in a spreadsheet?
a To perform complex mathematical calculations
b To organise and analyse data
c To enable operations like copying, moving, or deleting data
d All of these
Which of the following is not a type of data in Google Sheets?
a Number b Text c Date and Time
Which combination key is used to undo the mistakes? a Ctrl + V
+ A
Ctrl + C
What does the Redo feature in a spreadsheet allow you to do?
a Correct mistakes or changes
c Create a duplicate of data
Ctrl + Z
b Reverse the action of Undo
d None of the above
Which of the following key combinations allow you to select multiple cells at the same time?
a Shift + Any Arrow keys
b Ctrl + (Up and Down) Arrow keys
c Tab + (Up and Down) Arrow keys d None of these
C. Who am I?
I am a button in Google Sheets, to select all cells in a spreadsheet.
I am responsible for relocating information within a spreadsheet.
I let you duplicate information from one place to another within a spreadsheet.
I am an option in the Format menu to change the format of a date.
I am the key on the keyboard used to remove cell data.
D. Write T for True and F for False.
A dotted border appears on the cell that is copied.
Deleting cell data can include removing text, numbers, formulas, or any type of data.
You can customise the format of the date and time in Google Sheets.
Redo button reverses the action performed by the Undo button.
The Paste option is used to remove data from the cell.
E. Answer the following questions.
What are the two options for deleting cells?
What are the two ways to select multiple cells?
What happens when you enter a number as text in a cell?
Write the shortcut keys involved in moving cell data.
F. Apply your learning.
Anita is making a list of books for her teacher with titles, authors, and genres. By mistake, she entered the wrong name for the author. Which feature will help her fix it in the spreadsheet?
You have been given the task of creating a date sheet for your school exams. You write down the various dates on which the exams for different subjects are conducted. Name the menu that you will use in order to change the format of the dates.
You have some information in one cell that you want to shift to a different cell. What action do you take to do this?
The data entry operator entered the same section for Ritu Gupta and Satish Pandey. The correct section for Ritu Gupta is B. How would you correct this in the spreadsheet?
In the above sheet, you made some changes, but now you want to revert to the previous state. How would you do that?
AI Activity
Editing Data in a Spreadsheet
Activity: AI-Powered Date Formatting in Google Sheets
Objective: Google Sheets uses AI to automatically detect the type of data (number, text, or date) entered in a cell and suggests or applies the correct format. Let us try it out with a real-life example of a school exam timetable.
Follow the given steps:
1 Open Google Sheets and create a new sheet named “Exam Timetable.”
2 In Column A, type the subjects and in Column B, enter the exam dates in different formats, for example:
3 Notice that Google Sheets automatically aligns and formats the dates, even though you typed them in different ways. This is because AI detects that the entries are dates.
4 Now, select all the cells B2:B6 in Column B.
• Go to the Format menu > Number > Custom date and time.
• Choose a format (for example: Tuesday, August 5, 1930).
5 Click Apply. All the exam dates will now appear in a uniform format.
What do you think of when you hear or read the word ‘intelligence’? Mostly, you may think of the smartness within humans. But did you know that these days, even machines have a built-in form of smartness?
For example, when Google Maps shows you the shortest route to your home; or when streaming platforms, like Netflix or YouTube, give you recommendations based on your viewing history.
Have you ever wondered where these technologies get their intelligence from? This is where Artificial Intelligence, or AI, comes into the picture. AI enables machines to be smart, solve problems, and handle various tasks automatically.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Just like how we use our intelligence to do everyday tasks and become better at them, similarly, machines become increasingly smart thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI).
AI can be defined as a branch of computer science concerned with creating intelligent machines that can learn from data, solve problems, and make decisions.
It involves the study of principles, concepts, and technologies that enable machines to exhibit human-like intelligent behaviour.
AI involves using special programs and techniques that enable computers to learn and perform tasks. AI lets computers solve problems and make smart choices using data.
John McCarthy, who is regarded as the father of AI, defined AI as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.”
Domains of AI
AI can help computers play sports like chess, recognise faces in pictures, respond to our voice commands, etc. AI is basically an umbrella term that has different domains or areas where it can be used. The three main domains or sub-fields of AI are Data Science, Computer Vision, and Natural Language Processing (NLP). AI techniques are also widely used in fields like machine learning, robotics, and expert systems. In this chapter, let us learn about three main domains of AI.
Data Science
Data is a collection of raw facts that can be transformed into useful information. It can be in the form of text, images, audio, or video. Data science is a vast and interdisciplinary field that involves extracting knowledge and insights from data.
AI enhances computer performance by learning from data. More good-quality data usually helps models learn better, but quality and variety matter, not just size. AI can process and analyse data, and identify patterns, and trends based on its goals. For example, when you play games online, AI applies what it has learnt to make the game more fun and challenging.
Applications of Data Science
Across various industries, data science provides valuable insights that can help you in making strategic decisions. Here are some examples:
Marketing: Understanding customer demographics, preferences, and online behaviour allows companies to develop targeted marketing campaigns and optimise their marketing budget.
Public Health: Analysing disease outbreaks and tracking vaccination rates helps public health officials make informed decisions about resource allocation and disease prevention strategies.
Scientific Research: Data science allows researchers in various fields to analyse massive datasets, leading to new discoveries and advancements in medicine, material science, and other areas.
Compare Prices Online: There are various websites which help you compare the prices of numerous items from different web stores. These sites use extensive datasets to provide the convenience of comparing product prices across multiple vendors in one place. Some examples include PriceGrabber, PriceRunner, Junglee, Shopzilla, and DealTime.
Fun with AI: Using Tic Tac Toe
Let us perform the following experiment to understand how AI learns from data.
Objective: Tic-Tac-Toe is a digital version of the classic Xs and Os game played on a 3×3 grid. In this game, two players take turns to place an X or an O in empty spaces. The first one to make a line of three symbols — horizontally, vertically, or diagonally — wins. When you play Tic-Tac-Toe online against a computer, AI is used to decide the computer’s moves. The computer does not play randomly — it follows an algorithm, a set of smart rules, to check all possible moves and choose the best one. This helps the computer avoid losing and sometimes even win the game. Some advanced AI games can also learn from past moves, but in Tic-Tac-Toe the AI mainly shows how a computer can use logic and strategy to solve problems.
Follow the given steps to explore how this application works.
1. Visit the link: https://www.google.com/fbx?fbx=tic_tac_toe
2. The following window appears.
3. Select either ‘X’ or ‘O’ as your input move for the game. Here, we have selected ‘X’, and the AI game makes ‘O’ in the grid to make a counter move.
4. Continue the game until three Xs or three Os are drawn in a row, column, or diagonal.
5. If you win the game, the following screenshot will depict your victory.
Computer Vision
Computer vision helps computers analyse images and video to understand what is in them.
By using cameras to monitor the environment and keep an eye on the activity at the front door, a smart home security system makes use of computer vision. It detects familiar faces to unlock the door for family members and sends alerts for unfamiliar faces.
Did You Know?
Face recognition can make mistakes. Real systems use more than one check (like a code or key) and follow privacy rules.
Applications of Computer Vision
Computer vision has numerous applications across various fields. Some of the most common applications include:
Autonomous Vehicles: Computer vision enables vehicles to perceive and understand their surroundings, identifying objects like pedestrians, traffic signs, and other vehicles to navigate autonomously.
Healthcare: In medical imaging, computer vision aids in diagnostics by analysing images from X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans to detect anomalies and assist medical professionals in making accurate diagnoses.
Retail: Computer vision powers applications, such as automated checkout systems and Google Lens, in which cameras identify and track items selected by shoppers, enabling seamless transactions without the need for manual scanning.
Security and Surveillance: Video surveillance systems use computer vision to monitor environments in real-time, detecting suspicious activities, recognising faces, and alerting authorities to potential threats.
Fun with AI: Using AutoDraw!
Let us perform the following experiment to understand how AI uses computer vision to see and understand things.
Objective: AutoDraw is a fun and free online drawing tool based on computer vision. It uses AI to guess your drawing and provides suggestions to turn your scribbles into complete drawings.
Follow the given steps to explore how this application works.
1. Visit the link: https://www.autodraw.com/
2. The following window appears.
3. Click on the Start Drawing button.
4. Now, select the AutoDraw tool from the left panel.
5. As soon as you begin to scribble in the drawing area, the AutoDraw tool will make use of computer vision to guess your drawing.
6. Choose the drawing from the list of suggestions provided in the top bar that most closely resembles the one you plan to create.
7. You may further customise your drawing by using the Shape tool to draw a circle for the eyes and fill in colours using the Fill tool.
Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a domain of AI that enables computers to understand human language and generate appropriate responses when we interact with them.
It allows computers to talk to us in a way that feels natural to us. Popular examples of NLP applications include Google Assistant, Siri, Alexa, Google Translate, etc.
Applications of Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing (NLP) has several key applications across different domains. Here are some of the common applications:
Language Translation: NLP is used extensively in translation applications like Google Translate, where it processes and translates text from one language to another, preserving context and meaning.
Sentiment Analysis: NLP techniques analyse text data to determine the sentiment or opinion expressed. This is used in social media monitoring, customer review analysis, and market research to gauge public opinion and sentiment towards products or brands.
Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: NLP powers chatbots and virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, and chat interfaces on websites. These systems understand and generate humanlike responses to user’s queries, providing information, assistance, and helping you perform tasks.
Information Extraction: NLP is used to extract structured information from unstructured text sources such as documents, articles, and emails. This includes named entity recognition (identifying names of people, organisations, and locations) and relationship extraction, which aids in tasks like summarisation and knowledge base construction.
Fun with AI: Using Wordtune
Let us perform the following experiment to understand how AI makes use of NLP.
Objective: Wordtune is an AI-powered writing assistant that helps users improve their writing in various ways. It suggests alternative ways to phrase sentences, offer synonyms and different sentence structures, and maintain the original meaning. When prompted, Wordtune can generate additional text to elaborate on ideas and create new content that aligns with the existing text.
Follow the given steps to explore how this application works.
1. Visit https://www.wordtune.com/ in your web browser.
2. The following window appears. Click on the Get started button.
3. You will be prompted to sign in with your Google, Apple, or Facebook account. Choose any option and login to the portal.
4. Next, you will be asked about your purpose for using the Wordtune portal. You can select “Study”.
5. Select the language by entering your preferred language.
6. The Wordtune portal opens. You have two options:
o Copy and Paste: Copy the text you want to improve and paste it into the large text box on the Wordtune homepage.
o Write Directly: You can directly write your text in the text box if you have not already copied it.
7. If you want to adjust the writing style, choose from options like “Formal,” “Casual,” “Informative,” etc., located above the text box.
8. Click on the blue “Rewrite” button on the right side of the text box.
9. Wordtune will display your original text alongside several suggestions for rephrased sentences or expanded text (depending on your input).
10. Click on the suggestion you prefer to see it replace the original text in the main text box.
11. Once you are happy with the revised text, you can copy it to your clipboard or download it as a document.
Do It Yourself 8A
Solve the given crossword puzzle with the help of given hints.
2 I am the collection of raw facts.
4 I am the type of intelligence that machines have.
6 I am a domain of AI that enables computers to understand human language.
1 I am a fun and free online drawing tool based on computer vision.
3 I am a vehicle that drives on its own.
5 I am a domain of AI which uses cameras to see.
Points to Remember
1 Being intelligent means being good at learning, problem-solving, thinking, remembering, communicating, and making choices.
2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a concept that gives computers the ability to think like humans.
3 Machine learning is a subset of AI that enables machines to improve at a task with experience.
4 Deep learning is a subset of machine learning in which a machine is trained with vast amounts of data.
5 Data is a collection of raw facts that can be transformed into useful information. It can be in the form of text, images, audio, or video.
6 Computer vision is how AI uses cameras to see and understand visual information.
7 Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a domain of AI that enables computers to understand human language and generate appropriate responses when we interact with them.
Chapter Checkup
A. Fill in the blanks.
Hints John McCarthy Google Lens artificial intelligence computer vision
1 is a concept that gives computers the ability to think like humans.
2 is a domain of AI that uses cameras to see and understand things.
3 is regarded as the father of AI.
4 is an image and text recognition app developed by Google.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 Which of the following is a domain of AI?
a Computer Vision b NLP
c Data Science d All of these
2 Which among the following is an ability of AI?
a Common Sense b Emotions
c Computational Power d Fatigue
3 is a collection of raw facts that can be transformed into useful information.
a Data b Deep Learning
c Machine Learning d NLP
4 Which among the following is an application of NLP?
a Google Lens b Alexa
c Google Sheets d AutoDraw
5 is a domain of AI which uses cameras to see and understand the visual information.
a Computer Vision b NLP
c Machine Learning d Deep Learning
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 AI can help recognise faces in pictures.
2 AI learns from data fed into algorithms.
3 Computer vision helps computers understand and respond when we talk to them.
4 NLP techniques analyse text data to determine the sentiment or opinion expressed.
D. Answer the following questions.
1 Define Artificial Intelligence.
2 What is Natural Language Processing?
3 What is computer vision?
4 Define data.
1 Yash recently installed a smart home security system that uses facial recognition technology to enhance home security. Name the domain of AI that this security system uses.
2 Megha is traveling with her father in a self-driving car and she wonders how the car effortlessly detects lanes, pedestrian crossings, and other vehicles on the road. What should her father explain to her about the technology behind these capabilities ?
3 Utkarsh is using Siri, the virtual assistant developed by Apple, to accomplish various tasks on his iPhone. He is amazed at how Siri understands his commands and responds effectively. Name the AI domain that empowers Siri to achieve this level of functionality.
Test Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 4)
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 is considered one of the first mechanical and automatic calculator.
2 Wireless connections use waves to transmit data between devices and a router.
3 is the vertical distance between the top and bottom borders of a row in a table.
4 determine how your content, such as titles, text, and images, is organised on the slide.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 Which of the following is a manually-operated calculating device developed by John Napier?
a Abacus
b Pascaline
c Leibniz wheel d Napier’s bones
2 Which type of connection is used by mobile phones?
a dial-up b cellular
c wired d satellite
3 To move to a previous cell in a table, which key combination is used?
a Shift + Enter
c Ctrl + Tab
b Shift + Tab
d Ctrl + Enter
4 What is the purpose of the Master Slide in Google Slides?
a Add images to slides
b Change font size
c Change appearance of entire presentation d Add slide transitions
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 Computers can work on various tasks at the same time.
2 Cc stands for carbon copy.
3 If you split a cell, you cannot merge it afterwards.
4 You cannot change the theme of a presentation once you create it.
D. Answer the following questions.
1 What do you know about UNIVAC?
2 Differentiate between Cc and Bcc fields in an email.
3 What is the purpose of merging cells?
4 Why is modifying themes in a presentation important? E. Apply your learning.
1 Arushi is using the voice command application in her computer. In which generation of computers is this possible?
2 Manu wants to send an email to his friends, but he does not want his friends to know to whom else he has sent the same email. Which feature of Gmail can he use for this?
3 Rama is writing the column names in a table, but the names are not displaying properly. What will you suggest Rama do so that the column names fit properly in each cell?
Test Paper 2 (Based on Chapters 5 to 8)
A. Fill in the blanks.
1 is the option that starts the animation when you click your mouse.
2 Google Sheets is a free online tool.
3 helps you to cancel the effect of the last action that you performed.
4 gives machines the ability to think smartly.
B. Tick () the correct option.
1 Which of the following is the most commonly used audio format?
a .mp1 b .mp2
c .mp3 d .mp4
2 are located at the intersections of rows and columns.
a values b cells
c names d menus
3 Which of the following is not a domain of AI?
a NLP b data science
c CV d Google Slides
4 What key combination is used to select the entire sheet?
a Ctrl + C b Ctrl + Z
c Ctrl + A d Ctrl + V
C. Write T for True and F for False.
1 You can only add the videos in the presentation that are stored on your computer.
2 Google Sheets automatically saves your work.
3 When you change the cell data, it appears in the formula bar also.
4 Data is a collection of raw facts that can be transformed into useful information.
D. Answer the following questions.
1 Differentiate between undo and redo commands.
2 What is the use of the autosave feature of Google Sheets?
3 What is the difference between moving and copying cell data in a spreadsheet?
4 Describe how computer vision helps in providing security at homes.
E. Apply your learning.
1 Ayushi has entered the temperatures of the days in a week in a spreadsheet. She wants to move the data in the cells in another spreadsheet. How can she do that?
2 Mayra wants to use a spreadsheet application, but she does not want to pay any licence fee. Which application will be the most suitable for her?
3 Neha’s brother is a researcher in a medical lab. Which domain of AI assists researchers in the medical field to analyse massive datasets?
4 Happy wants to add visual effects to elements on his slides to make them more engaging. Which feature in Google Slides should he use?
About the Book
Tekie.AI is a pioneering Computer Science series that places Artificial Intelligence at its core, helping learners understand how AI is transforming everyday life. Compliant with NEP 2020, it blends core computer science knowledge with real-world AI applications, building skills, curiosity, and confidence for an AI-driven future. Through the thrilling adventures of Mel and Conji from the world of Avora, the series makes complex ideas engaging and relatable. More than just a book, Tekie.AI is a pathway to the future, connecting classroom learning with the technologies shaping tomorrow’s world.
Special Features
• AI Connect: Linking core computer concepts with cutting-edge AI applications
• AI Activities: Engaging exercises to explore and apply AI concepts in practical ways
• Experiential Learning: Hands-on exposure through digital experiences
• In-built Triggers: Stimulating prompts and questions for classroom interaction and critical thinking
• Assessments: Tools to evaluate understanding of concepts and application of skills
About Uolo
Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.
