Appendix A – Relevant Documents 2001 – the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) Report on The Responsibility to Protect
2004 – The High-‐level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, "A More Secure World, Our Shared Responsibility" 2005 – The Secretary-‐General, "In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All" 2005 – Responsibility to Protect in the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document 2008 – Secretary General Ban ki-‐Moon's Berlin Speech 2009 – Secretar y General Ban ki-‐Moon's Report "Implementing the Responsibility to Protect" Appendix B – R2P in the African Union While the United Nations was discussing various formulas regarding the concept of R2P, the African Union was having a seperate, yet relevant discussion on the concept. In 2000, the African Union was already working to include the principles underlying R2P in the Charter of the African Union.45 Accordingly, Article 4(h) of the Constitutive Act of the African Union affirms the ‘right of the Union to intervene in a Member State pursuant to a decision of the Assembly in respect of grave circumstances, namely war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity.’ Although the latter does not convey the full meaning of the R2P, which establishes a responsibility not only to react, but also prevent and rebuild, it still is significant given the evolution of R2P as a concept. Following this endorsement, the African Union embraced the concept of the responsibility to protect and accepted the Security Council’s authority to decide on the legitimate use of force in cases of genocide and crimes against humanity in a document known as the Ezulwini Consensus. This document was presented at the African Union’s 7th Extraordinary Session of the Executive Council of 1-‐8 March 2005, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.46 45
International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect (ICRtoP),website: www.responsibilitytoprotect.org, Accessed: 1 June 2011 46 ibid.