Assignment 1 : 'Step On It' Statement

IDS 60804 DETAILING AND WORKING DRAWINGS Assignment 1: Drawing Convention [Step On It] Observation Statements

Name: Tee Hui Qing (Joyce) Student ID: 0334497 Programme: Bachelors of Arts (Honours) Interior Architecture Batch: August 2020 Lecturers: Ms. Norji, Ms. Aziah

2 Quarter Winder Staircase

1) Plan

2) Front View

3) Side Skirting

(2 Step Winder)

4) Blow Up 1Balustrade

5) Blow Up 2Nosing

Construction Method- Concrete • Construction of Stairs include steps such as designing, preparing foundation, building formwork, placement of reinforcement steel bars, concreting, finishing and curing

1.

Designing of Concrete Stairs

Determining the factors that influence he design of stairs: height of the floor, width of the stairs, risers depth, tread width, thickness of the stairs, angle of the stairs, load applied on the stairs

Component

Standard Dimension

Tread Length

900mm

Rise

150mm

Run

270mm

Flight Angle

30°

2. Foundation and Support for Concrete Stairs Connect reinforcement steel bars to plinth beam at the beginning of stairs or small concrete foundation to transfer the load. Support is constructed on the roof beam or slab.

3. Building the Form-work for concrete stairs Proper formwork including the angle of flight (30°), dimensions of tread (270mm) and riser (150mm) are checked. Line of flight, tread and risers are marked on the wall when stairs are constructed to be attached to the wall. This is meant for accurate fixing of formwork.

4. Steel Reinforcement for Concrete Stairs

In order for the staircase to carry huge loads, reinforcement steel bars are placed with minimum of 25 mm spacing and is tied together

5. Pouring of Concrete for Stairs Standard mix of concrete for stairs are cement, sand, gravel in the ratio of 3:2:4 with water. Usage of concrete vibrator is recommended to avoid honeycomb formation.

6. Removal of Formwork Formwork is removed after 21 days for the stairs to completely dry out. In the drying period, proper curing is done to prevent cracks due to the thermal expansion.

7. Finishing of Concrete Stairs 126mm (L) X 126mm (W) X 7.9mm (THK.) Parquet wood are used as the applied by gluing small finger-joined of wood on 0.3mm DPM layer on the concrete base. Varnish is used as their finishes.

Materials & Finishes Parquet Engineered Wood Flooring in Varnish Finish using glue-down method Glue down 1. Glue-down method is obviously using a layer o adhesive, which is known as mastic onto the subfloor using a trowel similar to mortar that is used in laying ceramic tile 2. The wood strips are then arranged and laid on top of the glue and hammered into place using a rubber mallet 3. Due to the small size pieces, sanding and re-finishing is needed after the glue-down method and a 0.3 mm damp proof membrane (DPM) is needed to create a barrier between the concrete floor and the subfloor in order to prevent the moisture from seeping into the parquet flooring that causes damage to it.

Rules (UBBL) •

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Headroom between stairs ceiling and base is 2360, which meets the requirement of at least 2m in height to allow enough headroom for users to ascend the stairs without their heads knocking into the ceiling as the standard user height is 1500mm- UBBL By Law 110 (2)

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150mm rise is the minimum of the height to bring comfort when climbing the stairs and 270mm is the maximum width of tread so that users would have sufficient space to step on the tread and avoid accidentprone incidents.- UBBL By Law106 Flight of stairs is at the pitch of 30 degree as the optimal pitch angle should be between 30 degree and 45 degree to make sure users do not trip over low angle or difficult to climb the steep stairs when the angle is too broad

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30°

Handrails are at the height of 930mm which meets the minimum height of 900mm so users can hold onto the handrails with comfort for safety.– UBBL By Law 107

Fire Rating measures: Concrete does not burn as well as emitting toxic fumes, thus, they have high degree of fire resistance. Treated parquet engineered wood in varnish finishes prolong the fire resistance as fire retardant varnish for timber is fully tested and certified to BS476 Class 0 spread of flame on timber and BS476 Class 1 spread of flame on timber based products [MDF, Plywood]

References Step-by-Step Concrete Staircase Construction • Rahman, F. U. (2018, October 25). How to Construct Concrete Stairs? The Constructor. https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/concrete-stairsconstruction/26064/#:%7E:text=Construction%20of%20concrete%20stairs%20includes,%2C %20concreting%2C%20finishing%20and%20curing.