Software engineering

Software Engineering Topics and Research Areas

Table of Contents ●

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Introduction Need of Software Engineering SDLC Software Development Models Software Testing UML Software Maintenance Case Tools Thesis, Research and Project Topics

Introduction Software Engineering is a branch that deals with the development and evolution of software products by employing certain methodologies and well-defined scientific principles. For developing a software product certain processes need to be followed and outcome of which is an efficient and authentic software product. The software is a group of executable program code with associated libraries. Software designed to satisfy a specific need is known as Software Product.

Why Software Engineering is required?

Software Engineering is required due to the following reasons: ● To manage Large Softwares ● For more Scalability ● Cost Management ● To manage dynamic nature of software ● For better Quality Management

SDLC(Software Development LifeCycle) SDLC consists of the following phases: ● Requirement Gathering ● Feasibility Study ● Software Design ● Coding and Implementation ● Testing ● Deployment ● Maintenance

Software Development Models

Waterfall Model It is a simple model for software development which defines that all the phases of SDLC take place in a linear manner.

Simple meaning that if one phase is finished then only the next phase is started. According to this model, all the phases are executed in sequence with the planning of next phase in the previous phase. Also, this model will not function properly if there are certain issues left in the previous phase.

Iterative Model It is another model for software development in which the whole process takes place in iterations. Iteration simply means repeating steps after a cycle is over.

On the first iteration, the software is developed on a small scale and then the subsequent steps are followed. During the next iteration, more features and modules are added. On completion of each iteration cycle, software is produced which have their own features and capabilities. The management team works on the risk management and prepare for next iteration.

Spiral Model Spiral Model is a combination of iterative model and any one of the other SDLC model. The most important feature of this model is the consideration of risk factor which left unnoticed by other models. Initially, the objectives and constraints of the software product are determined. During next iteration, the prototype of the software is created. This process also includes risk analysis. In the fourth phase, next iteration is prepared.

V-Model In the waterfall model, we can go to next step only if the previous step is completed. Also, we cannot go back to the previous stage if some change is required. This drawback of waterfall model is fulfilled by the V-Shaped Model which provides testing of each phase in a reverse manner. In this model, test plans and test cases are created according to the requirements of that stage to verify and validate the software product.

Thus verification and validation go in parallel in this case.

Software Testing It is the process of verifying and validating the software product to check whether it meets the user requirements or not as expected.

Moreover, it also detects underlying defects, errors, and bugs that left unnoticed during the process of software development. As a whole, software testing detects software failures.

Types of Software Testing Following are the types of Software Testing: ● ● ● ● ● ●

Alpha Testing Beta Testing Acceptance Testing Unit Testing Integration Testing System Testing

UML UML or Unified Modeling Language is language in software engineering for visualizing and documenting the components of a software system and is created by Object Management Group (OMG). It is different from programming languages. UML implements object-oriented concepts for analysis and design.

Building Blocks of UML ● Things ● Relationships ● Diagrams

Software Maintenance After the Software product is successfully launched in the market, timely updations and modifications needed to be done. This all comes under Software Maintenance. It includes all those measures taken after the delivery to correct errors and to enhance the performance.

Software Maintenance does not merely means fixing defects but also providing time to time updations.

Types of Software Maintenance Following are the types of Software Maintenance: ● ● ● ●

Corrective Maintenance Adaptive Maintenance Perfective Maintenance Preventive Maintenance

Case Tools Case or Computer-aided Software Engineering are computer-based automated tools for development and maintenance of software products. Just as the CAD (Computer-aided design) is used for designing of hardware products, Case is used for designing of software products. Case tools develop high-quality and easily maintainable software products.

Elements of Case Tools are: ● ● ● ●

Central Repository Upper Case Tools Lower Case Tools Integrated Case Tools

Main Topics in Software Engineering for project, thesis and ● Data Modeling research ● UML ●

SDLC

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Software Models

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Ontology

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Software Quality

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Software Testing

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Software Maintenance

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Verification and Validation

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Software Project Management

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