Key Figures in the Development of Democracy Lesson Focus:
You will explore the beliefs and efforts of key figures in the development of democracy.
Keywords:
oppression, equality, justice, citizen, poverty, apartheid, dignity, self-discipline
NELSON MANDELA—1918 – Nelson Mandela is considered an international hero. He devoted his life to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa. For his dedication to the cause he was awarded a Nobel prize and made president of his country.
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Mandela grew up in the traditional culture of his ancestors but at a young age he was aware of the persecution, discrimination and despair that existed under apartheid rule.
His fight for human rights and racial equality resulted in a sentence of life imprisonment. Tirelessly, from behind bars, he continued fighting for the cause and through careful and complex negotiations he was set free after 27 years. Along with his freedom he achieved the beginning of the end of apartheid. Following his release, his pursuit for equality continued and led to a free, multiracial democracy in South Africa.
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PERICLES—495 – 429 BC
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Nelson Mandela’s dignity, hope, love and selfdiscipline in his fight for freedom are recognised by many all over the world. His triumph over persecution, oppression and evil has touched the hearts of many.
With his daring and intelligence, Pericles became a great military leader. As a politician he cared for the welfare and happiness of his people. He established the first true democratic government.
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As the leader of a popular party he introduced salaries for public officers which allowed the poor to serve in these positions. He created a powerful navy and he built many structures for the glory of Athens. Some of these include the Pathenon, the temple of Athena and the Athenian Long Walls. Literature and philosophy were encouraged and flourished. Pericles led Athens to the height of its political power and artistic achievements. The following is part of a famous speech given by Pericles to the people of Athens, as reported by Thucydides. ‘Our political system does not compete with institutions which are elsewhere in force. We do not copy our neighbours, but try to be an example. Our administration favours the many instead of the few: this is why it is called a democracy. The laws afford equal justice to all alike in their private disputes, but we do not ignore the claims of excellence. When a citizen distinguishes himself, then he will be called to serve the state, in preference to others, not as a matter of privilege, but as a reward of merit; and poverty is no bar.’
R.I.C. Publications
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Democracy in Australia