THE TIMES-DELPHIC The weekly student newspaper of Drake University Vol. 141 | No. 12 | Dec. 1, 2021 FEATURES
SPORTS
COMMENTARY
Drake Theatre People is putting on a play called “The Book Club,” which one cast member said is like NBC’s “The Office” in book club form.
Two athletes on Drake’s men’s cross country team competed in the NCAA Men’s Cross Country Championships on Nov. 20.
A writer contemplates the impact of going to a movie theater in a world of COVID-19, masks, social distancing and streaming services.
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SOIL 2021: Iowa’s water quality is an ‘us problem’ CJ Younger Contributing Writer catherine.younger@drake.edu Mack Swenson Staff Writer mack.swenson@drake.edu
They came from many walks of life. Farmers, professors, government employees, scientists, faith leaders and students of all majors, brought together by a common goal: improving soil and water quality in Iowa. They gathered at Drake University for the fifth annual SOIL 2021 conference on Nov. 17 to address the challenges Iowa’s water quality faces. SOIL stands for “sustaining our Iowa land,” but the conference encompassed much more. It bounced from passionate speeches about environmental regulation to the intricacies of carbon capture, and at its heart were the people of Iowa. “We have to make sure that we don’t look at this as just an agriculture or farming issue, a problem that needs to be solved,” said Jennifer Zwagerman, director of Drake’s agricultural law center. “It’s an us problem.” Battered, beaten and bruised Iowa’s position as an agricultural powerhouse has battered its water systems for nearly 200 years. Excess nutrients and pesticides pollute everything from the Des Moines River to backyard streams, destabilizing ecosystems and threatening drinking water sources. Chris Jones, a research engineer at the University of Iowa, has been waders-deep in Iowa rivers for decades. He specializes in water quality and monitoring and has seen the degradation of Iowa’s water firsthand.
“You may have heard Bloody Run Creek in Clayton County described as ‘pristine’ in the news media in recent months,” Jones said. “Here’s what qualifies as pristine in Iowa: E. coli levels at 1,400 colonies per hundred milliliters — six times the recreational standard — and an average nitrate concentration of seven milligrams per liter, which is higher than even the Racoon River.” Despite these challenges, Jones argues that regulation can work—and have in the past. The 1985 Food Security Act introduced conservation compliance, which requires farmers on highly erodible ground to develop conservation systems and prohibits planting on converted wetlands. Farmers must adhere to the guidelines to participate in federal programs. “We saw almost instantaneous improvement in the clarity of Iowa streams,” Jones said. “Yet, we have to get gaslighted about how regulation won’t work. It can work.” The passing of the $50 million Polk County Water and Land Legacy Bond in late October suggests a changing tide in Iowa. The bond had 72 percent approval and will protect drinking water sources, help prevent flooding and improve the water quality of rivers, lakes and streams. Zwagerman said the passing of the bill gave her hope. “There is still a large part of our population, at least here in Polk County, that voted, that recognizes the value in that city and our natural resources.” Iowa’s soil and water issues are mostly derived from agriculture
Understanding the connections between soil, water and people is the first step towards conserving Iowa’s natural resources. Humanity depends on agriculture for food, fuel and other commodities.
Because of this, agriculture is one primary way land and water resources are depleted. “The bottom line is that we have to have the desire to consider waters as a resource to be properly managed for food security,” said Jerry Hatfield, former director of the U.S. Department of Agricultural Research Service. Many traditional agricultural practices diminish soil and water quality across Iowa. Tilling soil disrupts its natural structure, accelerating the erosion process and increasing runoff. Planting a single crop year-round depletes soil nutrients and leads to over application of fertilizers, which end up in the water systems.
“We have to make sure that we don’t look at this as just an agriculture or farming issue, a problem that needs to be solved. It’s an us problem.” Agriculture relies on chemical fertilizers to provide crops with vital nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, hence increasing crop yields. However, excess amounts of these nutrients can pollute water systems and promote the growth of algae. Algae blooms damage aquatic ecosystems by blocking sunlight from reaching underwater plants and decreasing the oxygen available for aquatic animals. “Statewide, we are very likely applying 20-30 percent more nitrogen than what our crops need,” Jones said. “Why? Because the taxpayer shoulders the burden for the environmental consequences caused by the excess.” Some farmers use animal manure as an alternative
LEVELS OF NITRATE in Eastern Iowa narrowly surpass the EPA’s Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) of 10 mg/L, while levels of phosphorus in both Eastern Iowa and the Corn Belt exceed the EPA’s MCLG of 0.1 mg/L phosphorus in flowing waters. PHOTO COURTESY OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
to chemical fertilizers. According to the EPA, manure also contains high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, and stormwater carries the excess nutrients from the soil to nearby bodies of water. To improve the quality of Iowa soil and water, speakers at the conference advocated alternative farming practices such as no tillage, crop rotation, and non-chemical pest control methods. Although alternative fertilizers such as livestock manure and domestic organic waste can still contribute to nutrient pollution, the speakers touted them as a more natural method of fertilizing crops. These methods would support the integrity of the soil, helping it retain more nutrients and decrease runoff to nearby water systems. Some may dismiss these water quality problems as a matter for big institutions like the government or agriculture
companies. However, through citizen science programs, people can make an impact at a community level. The IOWATER program, started by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources in 1998, brought over 5,000 volunteers together to collect thousands of samples of nitrate levels, phosphorus levels, bacteria and water clarity. “Just through the act of collecting water samples, the volunteers started to spread their wings,” Skopec said. “They started to feel their power, their knowledge and their competence.” Participating in citizen science gives everyday people, no matter their day job, the information to come to their own conclusions about Iowa’s water quality. To participate in Polk County Conservation’s water quality monitoring program, visit www.polkcountyiowa.gov/ conservation/water-quality.
Jay N. Darling Institute to partner Drake with rural communities
THE JAY N. DARLING INSTITUTE will address issues like water quality and economic development within rural communities. GRAPHIC BY OLIVIA KLASSEN | STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER, LOGO BY DRAKE UNIVERSITY, PHOTO COURTESY OF WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
Carmon Baker Staff Writer carmon.baker@drake.edu
One of the initiatives within Drake University’s “The Ones” fundraising campaign is the Jay N. Darling Institute, named after a journalist and conservation activist. According to the campaign website for The Ones, this initiative will involve “partnering with rural communities to bolster their economic, social and cultural vibrancy.” “We’ve had rural communities across the Midwest already approach us about watershed management
plans, so think water quality, water quantity, greenspace improvement, mural and art installation in city squares, providing support services for things like Girls Who Code, where the teacher resources and the district resources might be a little limiting,” said Keith Summerville, the director of the institute and an environmental science and sustainability professor at Drake. “And then we’ve had a community approach us about working to help implement part of their economic development plan,” Summerville continued. “So I think the nature of the projects are going to vary based
on community to community and need to need.” According to the Drake Agricultural Law Center director and assistant professor of law Jennifer Zwagerman, one of the main goals is to connect Drake and rural Iowa in a way that supports both parties. The Darling Institute is one of four initiatives in the campaign that includes $5,000 renewable scholarships for five students involved with the institute, according to Drake President Marty Martin and Vice President for Advancement John Smith. Summerville said that students selected for the program will receive scholarship offers in the spring. These students will be known as the Darling Corps. “It’s modeled quite closely on what an AmeriCorps or an extension or a Peace Corps model might look like,” Summerville said. According to Zwagerman, many of the specific details of this initiative are still up in the air. However, the Agricultural Law Center has previously done work involving rural food security, rural justice, rural
development and issues of data privacy in regards to farming and agriculture. This initiative would continue similar work. “Basically, we’re going to continue to do the work that we do and work together to try and have a stronger reach,” Zwagerman said. “And that’s going to be done through classes, and what we offer in the classroom to students, opportunities for internships and different projects they can work on, but also in a lot of different public education programs.” According to Zwagerman, collaboration between departments and areas of study at Drake was present in the development of the initiative. Zwagerman said she believes that the program will be beneficial to both students who are from rural areas and those who want to live there postgraduation. “At Drake and in the university, we don’t have to silo issues in one college or one department,” Zwagerman said. Summerville said that Drake is fundraising for the institute’s scholarships and the Fund for Rural America. The fund aims
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to “provide faculty support and offset 100 percent of the logistical cost of implementing a project” and has a $5 million fundraising goal, Summerville said. He added that the initiatve would provide funding for faculty research. “And so, as there are faculty that are interested in being engaged in rural America, we will try to match funds from that pool to meet their needs,” Summerville said. “So obviously, we’ve got to populate that fund with dollars.” Ultimately, Zwagerman stressed the importance of a strong rural community in other areas of success, including counteracting climate change. “It’s important for people to recognize that having a strong rural community is something that is important to everyone because of what they contribute,” Zwagerman said. “...When it comes to things about areas where we can work on climate change, [that] involves rural communities and land use and all those things that it’s important for all of us to be involved in, even if you’re not living in that rural community yourself.”